古文中译英翻译

• Alas！The tradition of learning from the teacher has long been neglected. Thus it is difficult to find a person without any doubts at all. Ancient sages，who far surpassed us， even learned from their teachers. People today，who are far inferior to them，regard learning from the teacher as a disgrace. Thus，wise men become more wise and unlearned men become more foolish. This explains what makes a wise man and what makes a foolish man.
• [4] 彼童子之师，授之书而习其句读者，非吾所 谓传其道、解其惑者也。句读之不知，惑之不解， 或师焉，或不焉，小学而大遗，吾未见其明也。
• The teachers of their children only show them how to read a book sentence by sentence, not to be mentioned in the same breath as those whom I refer to as passing on truth and solving puzzles. For lack of reading skills, one seeks the help of teachers, while for unsolved puzzles, one acts contrariwise. As It is indeed learning the lesser but giving up the greater. , I do not see its wisdom. • …this is not teacher I have in mind who can pass on the truth and dispel ignorance. If we want to learn to read but not to dispel ignorance, we are learning the lesser and giving up the greater, which is hardly intelligent. • The teacher of his son teaches the child only reading and punctuation，which is not propagating the doctrine or resolving doubts as the aforementioned. I
• "It is universally admitted that the unicorn is a supernatural being of good omen; such is declared in all the odes, annals, biographies of illustrious men and other texts whose authority is unquestionable. Even children and village women know that the unicorn constitutes a favorable presage. But this animal does not figure among the domestic beasts, it is not always easy to find, it does not lend itself to classification. It is not like the horse or the bull, the wolf or the deer. In such conditions, we could be face to face with a unicorn and not know for certain what it was. We know that such and such an animal with horns is a bull. But we do not know what the unicorn is like."
• 麟之為靈，昭昭也。詠於詩，書於春秋，雜出於 傳記百家之書。雖婦人小子，皆知其為祥也。然 麟之為物，不畜於家，不恆有於天下。其為形也 不類，非若馬牛犬豕豺狼麋鹿然。然則，雖有麟， 不可知其為麟也。角者吾知其為牛也，鬣者吾知 其為馬。犬、豕、豺、狼、麋、鹿，吾知其為犬、 豕、豺、狼、麋、鹿。為麟也不可知，不可知則 其謂之不祥也亦宜。雖然，麟之出，必有聖人在 乎位，麟為聖人出也。聖人者，必之麟，麟之果 不為不祥也。又曰：麟之所以為麟者，以德不以 形。若麟之出不待聖人則謂之不祥也亦宜。
• [3]嗟乎！师道之不传也久矣，欲人之无惑 也难矣。古之圣人，其出人也远矣，犹且 从师而问焉；今之众人，其下圣人也亦远 矣，而耻学师。是故圣益圣，愚益愚。圣 人之所以为圣，愚人之所以为愚，其皆出 于此乎？
• Alas, it is a long time since the admirable tone of respecting teachers ceased to pass on! How hard it would be to expect a man to be free of puzzle! Sages in olden times outstripped by far the ordinary people. Nevertheless, they had teachers and asked them questions. Nowadays the multitude, though much inferior to sages, are ashamed of being instructed by teachers. As a consequence, sages become more sage, and ignoramuses more ignorant. The wisdom of the former and the stupidity of the latter---are they not all caused by this?
• 子曰：“由！诲汝知之乎！知之为知之，不知为不知， 是知也。” • The Master said, “Yu, shall I teach you what knowledge is? When you know a thing, to hold that you know it; and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it;---this is knowledge.(translated by James Legge) • Confucius said to Tzu-lu, “Shall I teach you, what is understanding? To be aware of what you know and to be aware of what you do not know---that is understanding.”(based on Ku Hung-ming’s translation) • He said: Yu, want a definition of knowledge? To know is to act knowledge, and, when you do not know, not to try to appear as if you did, that’s knowing. (translated by Ezra Pound)
• 子曰：“不患人之不已知，患不知人也。” • The Master said, “ I will not be afflicted at men’s not knowing me; I will be afflicted that I do not know men.” (translated by James Legge) • The Master said, (the good man) does not grieve that other people do not recognize his merits. His only anxiety is lest he should fail to recognize theirs. (translated by Arthur Waley) • He said, Not worried that men do not know me, but that I do not understand men. (translated by Ezra Pound)
• [2]生乎吾前，吾从而师之，吾师道也，夫庸知 其年之先后生于吾乎？是故无贵无贱，无长无 少，道之所存，师之所存也。
• The men born before me surely know the truth before me, so I respect them as teachers, whereas those born after me may also know the truth before me, I likewise respect them as teachers. It is the truth that I endeavour to learn. Must I know beforehand whether my teacher was born earlier or later than I? Therefore, no distinction should be made between the noble and the humble or between the young and the old. Where lies the truth, there is a teacher. • Anyone who was born before me and learned the doctrine before me is my teacher. Anyone who was born after me and learned the doctrine before me is also my teacher. Since what I desire to learn is the doctrine，why should I care whether he was born before or after me？Therefore，it does not matter whether a person is high or low in position，young or old in age. Where there is the doctrine，there is my teac所以传道、授业、解 惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能无惑？惑而不从师， 其为惑也，终不解矣。 • Ancient scholars certainly had teachers. A teacher is one who passes on the truth, imparts knowledge and solves puzzles. As Man is not born with knowledge. , who can deny that he has puzzles? These would remain unsolved, should one refuse to be instructed by teachers. • In ancient times those who wanted to learn would seek out a teacher，one who could propagate the doctrine，impart professional knowledge，and resolve doubts. Since no one is born omniscient，who can claim to have no doubts？If one has doubts and is not willing to learn from a teacher，his doubts will never be resolved.