工程合同翻译常用词汇

合集下载

合同翻译(一)

合同翻译（一）英文合同翻译的用词特点:合同英语的用词极其考究,具有特定性.要求选词专业化(professional）、正式（formal)、准确（accurate）。

具体体现在下列方面：1．使用情态动词:在合同中使用may,shall, must，may not （或shall not）时要极其谨慎。

权利义务的约定部分构成了合同的主体,这几个词如选用不当，可能会引起纠纷.may旨在约定当事人的权利(可以做什么)，shall约定当事人的义务（应当做什么时候），must用于强制性义务（必须做什么）,may not (或shall not）用于禁止性义务（不得做什么)。

may do不能说成can do，shall do不能说成should do 或ought to do，may not do,在美国一些法律文件里可以用shall not，但绝不能用can not do或must not。

例如，在约定解决争议的途径时,可以说：The parties hereto shall，first of all，settle any dispute arising from or in connection with the contract by friendly negotiations。

Should such negotiations fail，such dispute may be referred to the People’s Court having jurisdiction onsuch dispute for settlement in the absence of any arbitration clause in the disputed contract or in default of agreement reached after such dispute occurs.本句中的shall和may表达准确.出现争议后应当先行协商，所以采用了义务性“约定"，如果协商解决不了，作为当事人的权利，用选择性约定may 也很妥当.如果may和shall调换位置会怎么样？前半句的shall 换用may后,意思变成了当事人可以通过协商解决，意思上说得过去，但后半句的may换用shall后，变成了应当诉讼解决,好像一出事,就要先见官,这就有些不友好了。

法语建筑工程类词汇

法语建筑工程类词汇法语建筑工程类词汇法语中的建筑工程类词汇为以下几种：1、Bâtiment: 建筑，建筑物，包括房屋、大楼等。

2、Architecture: 建筑学，建筑艺术。

3、Ingénieur: 工程师，在建筑工程领域中指负责设计、规划和监督工程的专业人员。

4、Architecte: 建筑师，负责设计建筑物的专业人员。

5、Assistante de construction: 建筑助理，协助建筑师或工程师进行设计、规划和监督工作。

6、Batiment public: 公共建筑，如学校、医院、政府大楼等。

7、Batiment résidentiel: 住宅建筑，如房屋、公寓等。

8、Batiment commercial: 商业建筑，如商场、办公楼等。

9、Batiment industriel: 工业建筑，如工厂、仓库等。

10、Batiment religieux: 宗教建筑，如教堂、寺庙等。

11、Batiment à durée de vie limitée: 临时建筑，如展览馆、临时工房等。

12、Batiment à durée de vie indéterminée: 永久建筑，如住宅楼、商业大厦等。

以上为一些常见的法语建筑工程类词汇，了解这些词汇对于学习建筑工程专业的同学或者从事建筑工程行业的朋友都是非常有帮助的。

法语建筑工程词汇法语建筑工程词汇对于从事建筑行业的人来说，掌握法语建筑工程词汇是非常重要的。

以下是一些常见的法语建筑工程词汇及其翻译：1、Architecture - 建筑设计2、Bâtiment - 建筑3、Plan - 图纸4、Matériau - 材料5、Concepteur - 设计师6、Entrepreneur - 承包商7、Maçon - 石匠8、Elevage - 建筑支撑9、Murs - 墙壁10、Plafond - 天花板除此之外，还有一些与建筑工程相关的短语和表达，例如：1、Le plan de construction - 施工图2、La construction d'un bâtiment - 建造建筑3、Les détails de construction - 施工细节4、La conception architectural - 建筑构思5、Le design moderne - 现代设计6、La maçonnerie traditionnelle - 传统石匠技术7、Les murs pré-fabricés - 预制墙壁8、Le plafond à poutres - 梁架天花板总之，掌握法语建筑工程词汇和相关的短语和表达对于从事建筑行业的人来说是非常重要的。

工程合同术语大全

工程合同术语大全
一、合同主体
1. 甲方：通常指工程项目的业主或发包方，即工程项目的委托方。

2. 乙方：通常指接受甲方委托，承担施工任务的承包方。

3. 监理方：由甲方聘请，对工程施工进行监督和管理的第三方。

4. 设计方：负责工程设计的单位或个人。

二、合同标的
1. 工程量：合同约定的工程项目的作业量。

2. 工程质量：工程项目必须达到的品质要求。

3. 工期：完成工程项目所需的时间周期。

三、价格条款
1. 合同价款：双方约定的工程总金额。

2. 预付款：工程开始前，甲方支付给乙方的款项。

3. 结算价款：根据实际完成的工程量计算出的最终支付金额。

四、履约条件
1. 开工日期：工程正式开始施工的日期。

2. 竣工日期：工程完工并进行验收的日期。

3. 保修期：工程竣工后，为确保质量而设置的保修期限。

五、变更与索赔
1. 工程变更：因设计调整、规范要求等原因导致的合同内容变动。

2. 索赔：一方因另一方违约行为而提出的经济补偿要求。

六、保证与担保
1. 保证金：为保证合同履行而缴纳的一定金额的资金。

2. 履约保函：银行或其他金融机构出具的保证乙方履行合同义务的书面承诺。

七、违约责任
1. 违约金：违反合同约定需支付的罚金。

2. 赔偿责任：因违约导致的损失，违约方应承担的赔偿。

八、争议解决
1. 协商解决：双方通过友好协商的方式解决争议。

2. 仲裁裁决：提交仲裁机构进行裁决的争议解决方法。

3. 法院诉讼：将争议提交法院进行审理的解决方式。

工程合同英文专业术语

工程合同英文专业术语一个标准的工程合同通常会涉及以下几个关键部分：合同双方（arties）、合同主体（Suject Matter）、工期（Time eriod）、价格条款（rice Terms）、付款方式（ayment Method）、保证与担保（Warranty and Guarantee）、违约责任（reach of Contract）以及争议解决（Disute Resolution）等。

在合同双方的描述中，我们通常使用"arty A"和"arty "来指代合同的两个签约主体，例如："This Agreement is made on the ___ day of ___, 20__, y and etween arty A (the Contractor) and arty (the Client), hereinafter collectively referred to as 'the arties'."合同主体部分则会明确工程的内容、范围以及双方的期望目标，例如："The Suject Matter of this Contract is the design, construction, and delivery of a [secific roject], in accordance with the secifications and standards set forth in the roject Documents."工期部分会详细规定工程的开始日期、重要里程碑和完成日期，如："Construction shall commence on the date of ___, 20__, and shall e sustantially comleted y the date of ___, 20__, suject to the rovisions of Article [X] regarding extensions of time."价格条款则会涉及合同的总价、计价方式及可能的价格调整机制，例如："The total contract rice shall e [currency amount], which may e adjusted as er the terms set forth in Article [X] regarding rice variations."在付款方式中，合同会规定付款的时间点、支付条件以及分期付款的比例，如："ayment shall e made in [currency] and shall e due in accordance with the following schedule: [ercentage] ercent uon signing of the contract, [ercentage] ercent uon comletion of certain milestones, and the alance uon sustantial comletion of the roject."保证与担保部分则是对工程质量、性能等方面的承诺，以及如何处理可能出现的问题或缺陷，例如："The Contractor warrants that the work will e free from defects in technology, materials, and workmanshi under normal use for a eriod of [time] from the date of sustantial comletion."违约责任部分会详细说明当一方未能履行合同义务时的后果，例如："In the event of a reach of any rovision of this Contract y either arty, the non-reaching arty shall e entitled to seek damages or secific erformance as er the terms set forth in Article [X]."争议解决部分会约定如何解决可能出现的争议，包括选择仲裁还是诉讼，以及争议解决的地点和适用法律，例如："Any disute arising out of or in connection with this Contract shall first e attemted to e settled through friendly negotiation. If no resolution is reached, the disute shall e finally settled y aritration in accordance with the rules of [aritration institution]."。

合同条款中常用的英文词汇翻译

Most students admit to having learned in junior high school or in high school about writing business letters and about conventional formats1 for them．When it comes down to writing them，however，all too many students seem not to know how and to be unwilling2 to look up the forms （or perhaps they don't have a reference about using English）．This web page was prepared so that you would have an easily obtained description of what to do．When a business that has letterhead stationery3 writes a business letter，the first page of the letter uses paper with the printed letterhead and succeeding pages，if any，use matching quality and color sheets without the letterhead．A business with very good quality printing might generate the letterhead graphic4 with an image embedded5 in a word processor document．An individual normally won't use letterhead stationery and won't attempt to fake it．An attempt at letterhead that produces a tacky result or that conveys pompousness6 produces effects that you want to avoid．In a business letter，everything that you "type" should be in the same typeface and in the same font size．You should use "formal English" and you should very carefully check your grammar and spelling．You should arrange things neatly8．You should consider the appearance of the letter "at arm's length" as well as close up －－use white space to produce an attractive sheet．In a conventional business letter you should see these parts，in order top to bottom：A return addressThis item is the postal9 address of the author of the letter．Each line of it is left justified10－－either at a tab stop that puts the information toward the right side of the page or at the left margin11．Normally the return address is at the top of the page，but you can move it down a little to improve over－all appearance．Do not put email addresses here －－if you need to convey an email address，do it in the body of the letter．The dateThis item is the date of the letter．It is aligned12 with the return address．Formerly13 there was never whitespace （blank lines）between the return address and the date，but some current styles allow blank lines．An inside addressThis item duplicates what goes on the envelope．It has the formal name of the intended recipient14 of the letter and that person's postal address．Each line of the inside address is left justified at the left margin．No email addresses appear here．You can put blank lines between the date and the inside address to fill the page better and to improve the "arm's length" appearance．A salutationThis item formally addresses the recipient．If the addressee is not a friend，you should write "Dear Mr．Brown：" or "Dear Mrs．Smith：" or "Dear Ms．Jones：" or "Dear Dr．Greene：" or the like．A letter to a close associate might say "Dear Mike：" or "Dear Sally："．There is at least one line of white space between the inside address and the salutation．You can put a little more to improve the over－all appearance．Before the days of political correctness a letter to an organization would begin "Dear Sir：" or "Dear Sirs：" or "Gentlemen：" －－for example，if the envelope were addressed "Personnel Director，XYZ Company，City，State" you might do this．These days you should probably make an effort to get a name，but．．．The body ofthe letter．The body is single spaced．Ordinarily the body contains more than one paragraph．Avoid both extremely short and very long paragraphs．You can use either indented15 paragraphs （in which the first line is indented more than the rest）or block paragraphs （in which all lines begin at the left margin）．With block paragraphs you must leave extra white space between paragraphs －－one blank line or one "empty paragraph" is often used，but you can also use Word'Paragraph．．．）；the extra space should probably not exceed the size of an empty paragraph．With indented paragraphs，extra space between paragraphs is common，but optional．Indented paragraphs should be avoided if the return address was aligned at the left margin．Special effects like bulletted lists and paragraphs whose left and right edges are both indented should beused very sparingly －－avoid them as much as you can．Likewise，consider whether having your paragraphs fully7 justified （both left and right edges squared off）will make the letter look too much like a form letter or piece of junk mail．A closingThis item is something like "Yours truly，" or "Sincerely，"．It is normally vertically16 aligned with the return address．（See the examples．）Space for a handwritten signature．Typed name of letter authorThis item is aligned with the return address，date，and closing．Leave enough white space above it for a （handwritten）signature．If you have a job title and this letter is being written as part of that job，it is common to type the job title directly below the typed name （single spaced）．An individual writing a letter normally doesn't include a job－title line．cc：/Typist/enclosuresAn individual writing a letter usually omits these items．It is assumed that you will keep a copy of the letter．If you are supplying copies to people other that the addressee，it is common ti put a "cc：" list at the bottoms left of the last page （"cc" originally stood for "carbon copy" to）．When the letter is prepared by a professional typist，it is common for the initials of the typist to be supplied at her bottom．If there are enclosures，that fact is often noted17 there too．Your instructor18 may have told you not to use a template．Do what your instructor told you．Many of MS－Word's templates appear to have been created more to show off wierd or fancy effects that Word can do than to produce a well－done product useful to the ordinary user．Some of Word's templates encourage you to produce a tacky document －－resist the temptation．If you're using Word '97，our friend "Office Bob" may pop up when you type the letter's salutation．If your instructor told you not to use templates，decline "Office Bob"'s offer of "help．"。

工程合同英文词汇

工程合同英文词汇1. arties Involved (涉及方)- Emloyer/Client (业主/客户)- Contractor (承包商)- Sucontractor (分包商)- Designer/Engineer (设计师/工程师)- Consultant (顾问)2. roject Scoe (项目范围)- Work Descrition (工作描述)- Secifications (规范)- Drawings (图纸)- Schedule (时间表)- udget/Cost (预算/成本)3. Contract Terms (合同条款)- Contract Duration (合同期限)- Start Date (开始日期)- Comletion Date (完成日期)- Milestones (里程碑)- ayment Terms (付款条款)- Revisions (修订)- Termination (终止)4. Quality and Standards (质量与标准)- Comliance (合规性)- Quality Assurance (质量保证)- Quality Control (质量控制)- Safety Standards (安全标准)- Environmental Standards (环境标准)5. ayment and Finance (付款与财务)- rogress ayments (进度付款)- Retention Money (保留金)- Final ayment (最终付款)- Escrow (托管账户)- Interest (利息)- enalties (罚款)6. Change Orders and Variations (变更令与变更) - Request for Change (变更请求)- Variation Order (变更令)- Additional Costs (额外成本)- Time Extension (时间延长)7. Risk and Insurance (风险与保险)- Risk Management (风险管理)- Liaility (责任)- Insurance Requirements (保险要求)- Warranty Duration (保修期)- Force Majeure (不可抗力)8. Disute Resolution (争议解决)- Negotiation (谈判)- Mediation (调解)- Aritration (仲裁)- Legal roceedings (法律诉讼)9. Governing Law and Jurisdiction (适用法律与管辖权)- Alicale Law (适用法律)- Jurisdiction (管辖权)- Choice of Forum (论坛选择)- International Law (国际法)10. General rovisions (通用条款)- Notices (通知)- Assignment (转让)- Joint Venture (合资企业)- No artnershi (非合伙关系)- Entire Agreement (完整协议)在使用这些词汇时，应确保它们与合同的具体内容和所涉及的法律框架相一致。

标书翻译常用词汇

标书翻译常用词汇：报价quotation、采购procurement、撤标withdrawal of bid、承包商contractor、澄清要求requests of clarification、迟到的标书late bid、采购代理procurement agent、采购公告procurement notice、采购计划procurement plan、采购决定procurement decision、付款方式methods of payment、工程范围scope of works、工程量清单bill of quantities、工程量清单报价priced bill of quantities、工期days for construction、公开招标open tendering、固定总价fixed lump sum、分包商subcontractor、封标sealing of bid、货物清单list of goods、计划完工日期intended completion date、每投标人一标one bid per bidder、评标标准evaluation criteria、潜在的投标人potential bidder、施工机械construction equipment, construction plant、实质性响应substantial response, be substantially responsive to、事后情况说明debriefing、事后审查post review、事前审查prior review、适用法律applicable law、授予合同award of contract、替代方案alternative solution、替代建议alternative proposal、两步法招标two-stage bidding、履约保证金performance security、合格标准eligibility criteria、合格的投标人eligible bidder、合同价格contract price、合同金额contract amount、核标examination of bid、初步描述preliminary description、初步设计preliminary design、错误纠正correction of error、单一招标或局限性招标single or restricted tendering、通用条款general terms and conditions、土建承包商civil construction contractor、完工日期date of completion, completion date、完税后交货Delivered Duty Paid, DDP、违约赔偿liquidated damages、现场参观site visit、现场查勘site survey、现场管理人员site management personnel、现场技术人员site technical personnel、响应性responsiveness、项目评估文件Project Appraisal Document, PAD、项目时间表，项目计划project schedule、修改标书modification of bid、选择性招标selective tendering、询价采购shopping、银行保函bank guarantee、应标response to the bidding documents、有限国际招标Limited International Bidding, LIB、招标代理bidding agency、招标附录appendix to tender、招标公告notification of bidding, tender notice、招标号bidding no., tendering no、招标文件澄清clarification of bidding documents、招标文件修改amendment of bidding documents、招标资料表bidding data sheet, tendering data sheet、招投标范围scope of bid、争端解决settlement of dispute、政府采购法government procurement law、政府采购协议government procurement agreement、政府采购指令government procurement directives、直接签订合同direct contracting、中标标准award criteria、中标通知notification of award, award of tender、注册地点place of registration、专用条款special terms and conditions、准备投标书preparation of bid, preparation of tender、资金来源source of fund、资质信息qualification information、自营工程force accounting、技术规范specifications、监理supervisor、建筑工程construction works、交货时间delivery time、接受函letter of acceptance、截止时间deadline、截至日期deadline、解释要求requests of explanation、局限性招标limited tendering、开标bid opening, tender opening, opening of tender、开标地点place of bid opening、开工日期date of commence、联营体joint venture、投标保证金bid security, tender security、投标保证金bid security、投标费用cost of bidding、投标函bid letter、投标价格bid price、投标书澄清clarification of bid、投标书的提交submission of bid, submission of tender、投标书有效期validity of bid、投标书有效期延长extension of validity of bid、投标书语言language of bid、投标书组成documents comprising the bid、投标邀请invitation for bids, invitation to tenders、投标有效性bid availability、投标人合格性eligibility of bidder、投标人须知instruction to bidders, instruction to tenderers、投标人资质qualifications of the bidder、投标书bid, tender。

标书中英文翻译样本及常用词汇

标书中英文翻译样本及常用词汇1. 投标书Tender1.1 投标人应完整地填写招标文件中提供的商务投标书、技术投标书、投标一览表和投标报价表(包括投标报价汇总表和分项报价表)。

价格表（表中项目除价格数字外都要填写）及报价说明三份（一正二副）和投标人银行保函应分别单独密封，随投标文件一同递交。

Among the tender documents, tenderers shall fill out completely the Business Tender, Technical Tender, Tender List and Tender Quotation. The Quotation (all items in the Quotation shall be filled out except for the prices) and three copies (one Original and two Duplicates) of the Instructions to Quotations as well as the letter of guarantee from the bank of tenderers must be sealed separately, and be submitted together with the tender documents.1.2 在投标文件澄清后提交的附件6价格表部分正、副本应用信封单独密封，封面上注明项目名称、招标编号、投标人名址、“正本”“副本”字样及“分项价格”和“保密”字样。

同时提供单独密封的价格表电子版本一份（WORD格式）。

The Attachment 6 to be submitted after the tender documents have been clarified the Original and Duplicate copies of the Quotation must be sealed separately in different envelops, on which the item names, tender codes, tenderer addresses, words of ‘Original’, ‘Duplicate’ and ‘Item Price’ and ‘Confidential’ must be written. An e-version of the Quotation (in WORD format) that is separately sealed must be furnished at the same time.2. 投标报价Tender Offers2.1 投标人应在投标报价汇总表和投标分项报价表上标明本合同拟提供货物的单价(如适用)和总价。

建筑经济合同英语词汇

建筑经济合同英语词汇1. Contract - 合同2. Contractor - 承包商3. Subcontractor - 分包商4. Employer - 雇主5. Engineer - 工程师6. Architect - 建筑师7. Quantity Surveyor - 造价工程师8. Project Manager - 项目经理9. Contract Documents - 合同文件10. Scope of Work - 工作范围11. Schedule - 进度表12. Payment Terms - 付款条款13. Variations - 变更14. Liquidated Damages - 违约金15. Warranty - 保修期16. Defects Liability Period - 保修期17. Force Majeure - 不可抗力18. Termination - 终止19. Dispute Resolution - 争议解决20. Arbitration - 仲裁中文翻译：1. Contract - 合同2. Contractor - 承包商3. Subcontractor - 分包商4. Employer - 雇主5. Engineer - 工程师6. Architect - 建筑师7. Quantity Surveyor - 造价工程师8. Project Manager - 项目经理9. Contract Documents - 合同文件10. Scope of Work - 工作范围11. Schedule - 进度表12. Payment Terms - 付款条款13. Variations - 变更14. Liquidated Damages - 违约金15. Warranty - 保修期16. Defects Liability Period - 保修期17. Force Majeure - 不可抗力18. Termination - 终止19. Dispute Resolution - 争议解决20. Arbitration - 仲裁。

工程合同英文术语

工程合同英文术语Section 1: arties Involved1. Emloyer (业主): The arty who commissions the work, roviding the funding and resources for the roject.2. Contractor (承包商): The arty who agrees to erform the work for the Emloyer, tyically in exchange for a fee.3. Sucontractors (分包商): Third arties hired y the Contractor to erform certain tasks within the roject.4. Engineer/Consultant (工程师/顾问): An indeendent rofessional resonsile for overseeing and consulting on the technical asects of the roject.Section 2: roject Scoe (工程范围)This section outlines the secific work to e done, including details aout the design, materials, and end results exected. It may also include information on any exclusions or limitations to the work scoe.Section 3: Timeframe (时间框架)The contract should secify the start date, comletion date, and any milestone dates for the roject. It should also address consequences for delays or early comletion.Section 4: ayment Terms (付款条款)This section details how and when ayments will e made to the Contractor, including the amount, schedule, and any conditions recedent for ayment.Section 5: Quality Assurance (质量保证)The quality standards that must e met are outlined here, as well as the rocedures for insections and accetance of work.Section 6: Change Orders (变更订单)Should the roject require changes to the original scoe, this section descries the rocess for requesting and aroving change orders, along with their imact on timelines and costs. Section 7: Default and Termination (违约与终止)This section secifies the consequences of non-erformance or reach of contract y either arty, including the stes for termination and any related financial enalties.Section 8: Disute Resolution (争议解决)In the event of a disute, this section outlines the mechanisms for resolution, such as mediation, aritration, or legal roceedings.Section 9: Insurance and Liaility (保险与责任)This art of the contract addresses the insurance requirements for the roject and delineates the liailities of each arty in case of accidents or damages.Section 10: Governing Law and Jurisdiction (适用法律和管辖权)The contract should clearly state which law governs the interretation of the contract and where any legal actions arising from it will e adjudicated.Section 11: General rovisions (通用条款)This section includes miscellaneous rovisions such as confidentiality agreements, assignment of rights, and force majeure clauses.。

工程合同常用缩写

工程合同常用缩写1. AE：Authorized Engineer，授权工程师，指由业主授权负责工程的技术决策和监督的工程师。

2. O：ill of Quantities，工程量清单，是合同文件中详细列出各项工程数量和价格的部分。

3. C/S：Client/Server，客户机/服务器结构，常用于描述信息技术系统的架构。

4. ETA：Estimated Time of Arrival，预计到达时间，用于工程进度计划中。

5. FIDIC：国际咨询工程师联合会，其出版的合同条件被广泛应用于国际工程项目中。

6. FOQ：Field Office Quality，现场办公室质量，指现场管理的质量标准。

7. HSE：Health, Safety, and Environment，健康、安全和环境，是工程项目管理的重要组成部分。

8. IFC：Industry Foundation Classes，工业基础类，是建筑信息模型（IM）中使用的一种数据模型标准。

9. ME：Mechanical, Electrical, and luming，指机械、电气和管道工程，通常在建筑工程中作为一个整体来考虑。

10. MOM：Method of Measurement，计量方法，用于确定工程量清单中的工作量如何计算。

11. ODC：On-site Develoment Charges，现场开发费用，指在现场进行工程建设所需的费用。

12. M：roject Management rofessional，项目管理专业人士，是一种项目管理资格认证。

13. RFI：Request for Information，信息请求，是在项目执行过程中向相关方索要更多信息的一种方式。

14. RF：Request for roosal，提案请求，是业主邀请承包商提出项目建议书的过程。

15. SOW：Statement of Work，工作说明书，详细描述了项目的工作任务、范围和要求。

英文合同常见词汇及句型

英文合同常用词汇和句型1、开场白（合同的当事人背景介绍)2、过渡条款Now therefore，in consideration of the premises and covenants described herein-after，Party A and Party B agree as follows:参考译文：因此，双方基于各自提供之对价订立本合同，并做如下约定：注释和说明：”in consideration of premises and covenants”表示“在当事人提供的对价基础上”而非仅指“考虑到…”.读者应重点理解“premise”这个词。

在一般场合下它是指与房屋相关的基础不动产或处所,但是在英文合同里边它却变成了“前提条件”.3、结尾条款：IN WITNESS WHEREOF，the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by duly authorized representatives of both parties on the date and year first written above.参考译文：本合同由被正当授权之人，于本协议于上述记载之日期代表双方当事人订立，特此证明.注释和说明:(1）“in witness whereof”的含义类似于中文合同中常见的“口说无凭，立此为证”.（2）“execute”在英文合同中常解为“签署”,而非“执行”。

4、favor，“in favor of somebody"= ”in one’s favor”的意思主要有两种：以某人为受益人、有利于某人5、subject to sth。

1）遵从、遵守：This letter of Credit is subject to the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits （1983 Revision), international Chamber of commerce, Publication No。

化工常用翻译词汇(全面完整)

工艺专业词汇1项目建议1.1项目建议概况资格qualification预备资格 prequalification商务条款与条件commercial terms and condition 商务 commercial技术 technical技术说明 technical specification建议书 proposal book资料费 information price估价 estimated price报价 quoted price报价书 quotation1.2报价资料工艺说明 process description工艺特点 process feature经验记载 experience record工艺特性 process performance设备表 equipment list说明规定规格 specification简要说明 short specification条件图 sketch drawing流程图 flow diagram平衡图 balance diagram方框图 block diagramP&I 图 P&I diagram单线图single line diagram布置图 layout平面布置图 plot plan总图general plot plan附件 appendix资料文件 document1.3合同技术用语保证 guarantee性能保证 performance guarantee 时间保证 time guarantee交货保证 delivery guarantee建造保证 workmanship guarantee生产能力 capacity质量 quality消耗量 consumption原材料 feedstock原料 raw material辅助原料 sub-raw material产品 product副产品 by-product中间产品 intermediate公用工程 utility燃料 fuel化学品 chemical界区 battery limit(界区)进料 incoming(界区)出料 outgoing界区条件battery limits condition(配管图)分界区 match line工厂装置 plant设备 equipment关键设备 critical equipment专利设备 proprietary equipment有位号设备 itemized equipment无位号设备 non-itemized equipment散装材料 bulk material施工材料material of construction仪表 instrument备品备件 spare part建筑工具 construction aid(现场)居住设施 accommodation现场派遣 expatriate运转率on stream factor运转天数stream day系列train日历日calendar day日历月calendar month机械(试车)完工 mechanical completion 试车 trial operation初次试车 initial operation开车 start up注油 oil in投料 fees inPage 1 of 120首次出料 first drop保证试运转guarantee test run装置验收 plant acceptance移交 turnover议定书 protocol1.4估算估算 estimate概算 budgetary estimate推算 slide幂指数 power term(费用)分类,分项价格 breakdown 外汇 foreign currency当地货币 local currency可兑换货币 convertible currency 专利费 license fee专利权税 royalty变动专利权税 running royalty专有技术费 know-how fee基础设计费basic engineering fee 代理费 agent fee手续费 commission不可预见费 contingency外汇风险 exchange risk易货补偿 compensation直接费用 direct cost间接费用 indirect cost项目管理费 project expense现场管理费 field expense一般管理费 overhead利润 profit生活费 living expense出勤津贴 daily allowance(出差)准备费 outfit allowance劳务费 labor cost基本工资 base wage补偿费 payroll burden福利费 fringe benefit1.5可行性研究可行性 feasibility现场选定 site selection (现场)位置 location市场 marketing可获利润率 profitability生产成本 production cost经营费 operation cost可变成本 variable cost不变成本 fixed cost总投资 total capital cost折旧费 depreciation现金流量 cash flow折现现金流量 discount cash flow工况研究 case study产权资本,自有资金 equity建设资本利息interest during construction 1.6业务范围现场勘测 site survey工艺设计 process design基础设计 basic engineering基础设计包 basic design package详细设计 detail engineering采购 procurement海运 ocean transportation陆运 inland transportation安装 erection work土建工作 civil work施工 construction work临时工作 temporary work投料试车 commissioning培训 training(现场)指导 supervisory service顾问 advisor service初步设计 preliminary project最终设计 final project基础设施 infrastructure上部结构 superstructure软件 software硬件 hardware1.7工厂分类与设计处女地工厂grass root plant总厂 integral plantPage 2 of 120分厂 single plant成套装置 package plant翻版(设计)厂 copy plant生产厂 commercial plant中试工厂 pilot plant实验室规模装置bench scale unit石化总厂 petrochemical complex下游(厂) downstream(工业)放大 scale-up扩建 expansion改建、更改 modification镜象布置 mirror image设计余量 over design降负荷运转 turndown消除瓶颈 Debottlenecking工厂模型 plant model1.8设备工艺装置 process plant装置区内 on site装置区外 off site界区内inside battery limit界区外outside battery limit公用工程设施 utility facility贮存设施 storage facility辅助设施 auxiliary facility衔接 interconnection主变电所 main substation发电设施power generation facility事故发电设备emergency power generation facility 水处理装置water treatment facility冷却塔 cooling tower抽水设施water intake facility海水淡化装置 desalination facility蒸汽发生装置steam generation facility仪表空气发生装置 instrument gas generation facility 惰性气发生装置inert gas generation facility空分装置air separation facility罐区 tank yard散装贮藏设备bulk storage facility包装机械 bagging facility制袋设备bag making facility装瓶设备 bottling facility 装货设施 loading facility卸货设施 unloading facility铁路侧线 railway siding栈桥 jetty行政办公楼 administration building维修车间 maintenance shop中央化验室 central laboratory内部通用设施 intercommunication facility 广播系统 public address system询呼设施 paging facility消防设施fire fighting facility安全器具 safety equipment生活设施 colony公用设施 town-shop娱乐设施 recreation facility1.9相关企业承包商 contractor主承包商 prime contractor分包商 subcontractor直接雇佣 direct hire专利商 licenser转专利者 sub-licenser专利使用者 licensee专利拥有者 patent-owner竞争者 competitor国际财团 consortium合作者 collaborator买方 (1)buyer (2)purchaser卖方 seller厂商 vendor制造商 (1)maker (2)manufacture业主 owner顾问 consultant技术顾问 Technical adviser用户 User最终用户 End user客户 (1)customer (2)client代理商 agent挂名人 dummyPage 3 of 1202.投标合同2.1 投标概况询价 inquiry报价估价书 quotation estimation投标书 bid tender投标资料 bid document预审 pre-qualification意向书letter of intent2.2合同用语协议 agreement合同契约 contract注销 cancellation约定 Consideration合同转让 Assignment of contract不可抗力 force majeure仲裁 attribution基本法 governing law秘密条款 (1)secrecy clause (2)non-disclosure clause预定损坏赔偿费 liquidated damages总赔偿额度 total liability连带(债务) joint and several预先债权 lien免除 waiver保证 guaranty担保 warranty赔偿 indemnity定义 definition增额 escalation罚款 penalty支付条款terms of payment税金tax and duties侵犯专利 patent infringement最高限额 ceiling委任书power of attorney保证金 bond 2.3合同形式投标合同competitive bid contract议付合同 negotiated contractFOB合同 fob-type contract成套承包合同 (1)turnkey contract (交钥匙合同) (2)chef montage contract总付合同lump sum price contract单价契约unit price contract正价加附加费合同cost plus fee contract预投标协议 pre-bid agreement产品抵债 products sharing互购交易 counter-purchase transaction3支付金融财务3.1支付金融支付条款支付条件 payment terms延期付款 deferred payments存留款项保留资金 retention payment定期付款 schedule payment施工分期付款 progressive payment付款交单D/P documents against payment承兑交单调D/A documents against acceptance信贷信用 credit卖方信贷供应商信贷 supplier’s credit买方信贷 buyer’s credit银行借贷 bank loan财政金融 finance借款借贷 loan偿还 reimburse reimbursement保证书letter of guarantee信用证信贷书 letter of credit外汇兑换率 exchange rate兑换单汇款单据 documentary bill of exchange汇款汇兑基金 remittance3.2财务自然增长基数 accrual basis资产负债表决算表 balance sheet损益报表P&L profit and loss statementPage 4 of 1204采购运输保险4.1进出口手续出口许可证 export license出口许可证变更 E/L amendCOCOM coordinating committee标准结算方法 standard payment非标准结算方法 non-standard paymentDBC draw back cargo (dbc)出口申报银行export declaration bank e/d进口申报单export declaration custom进口许可证 import license保税区域 bonded area关税 import duty原产地说明书certificate of origin发票 Invoice4.2运输装箱单 packing list提单bill of lading (B/L)指示提单 order B/L直接提单 straight B/L装运提单shipped B/L, on board B/L备运提单 received B/L不附带条件的提单 clean B/L不洁提单dirty B/L, foul B/L直运提单 direct B/L联运提单 through B/L船上收货单 mate’s receipt装货通知单shipping order (S/O)交货单delivery order (D/O)空运货单 airway bill海上运费 ocean freight海上运费同盟 freight conference目的地付费freight payable at destination码头人工搬运费 stevedorage空载运费 dead freight船到港预定时间expected time of arrival (ETA)船离港预定时间expected time of departure (ETD) 海关快速发货custom quick despatch (CQD)滞船费 demurrage 码头搬运商 stevedore超尺寸运输over-dimension cargo (ODC)4.3保险海上保险marine cargo insurance现场指导失误保险supervisor’s risk insurance4.4贸易条件出厂价(1)ex works (2)ex factory (3)ex mill海上交货fob-named port of shipment含保险海上交货cif-named port of destination国境交货条件 franco frontier4.5采购采购 procurement厂家 vendor厂家一览表 vendor list市场价 market price黑市价 dark price现价 up-to-date price level报价 quotation偏差表 deviation list到货时间time of delivery支付方式(1)terms of payment (2)payment condition (3)payment terms延缓支付 deferred payment现金支付cash on delivery预先支付 down payment发货前支付 advance payment到货后支付 progress payment计划支付 scheduled payment购买条件terms and conditions of purchase折价 discount谈判交涉 negotiation澄清 clarification购买意向intent to purchase比较表 tabulation评语 evaluation价格分析 value analysis定购单 purchase order变更定购单 change orderPage 5 of 120支付方式method of payment现金 cash支票 check期票 promissory note催货 expediting跟踪系统 follow-up system4.6包装包装 packing防锈包装 rust-proof packing防潮湿包装 moisture-proof packing 防水包装 water-proof packing软包装 shrink packing木箱 wooden box板条箱 crate滑橇底座 skid base框架箱 framed box码垛盘 pallet侧板 side plate吊具 sling fitting花篮螺栓 turnbuckle钢带 steel strapping角保护袋edge protector closure plate 防护角 corner protector板 board合板 plywood缓冲材料 cushioning material通气孔盖 ventilation cover超载 superimposed load开包 unpacking船上标志 shipping mark注意标志 care mark5项目执行及费用管理5.1项目执行总图会议 kick-off meeting项目研究会议project study meeting 开工会议 launching meeting项目报告 project reporting审查会议 screening meeting 进展报告 progress report协调过程 coordination procedure变更指示 change order认可 approval复阅 review5.2工程项目完工报告job close-out report项目执行报告job performance report完工汇编 close-out book反馈系统feed back system项目设计条件project design information会签 inter-department check工程设计 engineering design工艺条件确认 engineering review工艺条件校核 engineering checking项目完成指标审核表 project performance check sheet施工版approved for construction (AFC)设计变更 error report技术文件technical data book管道材料工艺条件process data for piping material载荷条件 loading data关键路径法critical path method关键路径进度表 critical path schedulingPERT（计划评价与审查技术） program evaluation and review technique5.3费用及工时管理工程预算 project control budget工时 man-hour (M/H)工日 man-day (M/D)人月 man-month (M/N)考勤表 time sheet工作号 work number项目号 job number预期项目号 proposal number改进工作 improvement work闲滞 idle工时报告 man-hour report项目工时汇总job man-hour performance reportPage 6 of 1205.4费用分类费用分类code of account主账 major account分账 sub-account设备位号 item number5.5组织指定 assign借调 on-loan项目成员 project number项目经理project manager (PM)项目经理助理assistant project manager (APM)施工经理construction manager (CM)开工经理operation manager (OM)现场指挥 field manger项目前期经理 proposal manager估算员 estimator原始采购员 originator协调员 coordinator项目设计协调员project design coordinator (PDC) 6标准化资料管理法规规格6.1标准化标准化 standardization标准规格 standard工程规定 engineer specification项目特殊要求specific job requirement工程手册 engineering manual标准图 standard drawing工程用表格 engineering form法规law and regulation法律 law6.2资料管理情报管理information and documentation信息中心 information center调研(追述) retrospective searching信息选择服务selective dissemination of information 情报跟踪 current awareness检索效率 retrieval efficiency资料 documents原文献 primary sources文献摘抄 secondary sources连载刊物 serials定期刊物 periodieals(学会)纪要 memoirs会报 transactions会议论文 conference paper会议记录 proceedings索引期刊 index journal文摘期刊 abstract journal情报摘要 information abstract提示文稿 indicative abstract图书目录 book catalog标题目录 title catalog总目录 union catalog标准目录 standard catalog关键词 keyword省略词 stopwordKWIC索引 keyword-in-context indexKWOC索引 keyword-out-of-context index顺序索引 permuted index相关索引 coordinate index主题分析 subject analysis统计分类 statistical classification国际十进分类法universal decimal classification 阅读卡片 visible card书卡 book card档案系统 filing system微缩复制 microcopy微缩系统 micro-system穿孔卡夹 aperture card微缩胶片 fiche film6.3法规高压气体取缔法high pressure gas control law 消防法fire service law劳动安全卫生法industry safety and health law 建筑基本法building standard law单位制system of units国际单位制international system of unitsPage 7 of 120系统图、设备布置图、配管图及材料统计7图纸、条件表7.1图纸工艺流程图 Process flow diagram(PFD)管道仪表流程图 Process piping & instrument flow diagram(PID)公用工程流程图Utility balance diagram(UFD)框图Block flow diagram公用工程介质平衡图Utility balance diagram(UBD)平面布置图 Plot plan立面布置图 General arrangement总图General plot plan规划图 Planning drawing管道研究图Piping study drawing管道布置图（配管图）Piping arrangement drawing 分区图 Key plan管道走向研究图Piping routing study drawing地下管道图Underground piping drawing管道特殊管件图Piping special parts drawing管架详图Piping hanging drawing预制图 Prefabrication drawing参考图 Reference drawing通用图 Typical drawing制造厂图 Vendor’s drawing管道轴测图Isometric piping drawing竣工图 As-built drawing模型 Model管线表 line schedule计算书 Calculation sheet图纸目录 Drawing schedule发图阶段 Issue stage版次 Revision number编号体系 Numbering system比例 Scale工厂北向 Plant north海平面标高Over-sea mean level(OSL)标高 Elevation(EL)已有钢结构 Existing structure装货区 Loading area公用工程站 Utility station 柱号 Column number净空 headroom通道 Access way小通道 Cat way钢结构顶部标高Top of structure elevation管底标高Bottom of piping elevation主管口径 Run size顶平偏心异径管Eccentric reducer top flat中心到面的距离Center to face工作点标高Working point elevation管架标注 Hanging marking冷拉 Cold spring管线记号 Line symbol管线接口 Line connection物流号 Stream NO.管线号 Line NO.管道等级号(1)class designation (2) spec designation 阀门号 Valve NO.等级分界 Specification break重要管道 Critical piping总管 Header pipe仪表管道 Instrument piping排放管道 Blowdown piping火炬气管道 Flare piping输送管线 Transfer line入口管线 Suction line排水管 Effluent line旁通管 Bypass line吹扫系统 Purge system放空接口 Vent connection软管接口 Hose connection双切断阀及排放阀Double block and bleeder污水沟 Sewer ditch冷凝液池 Condensate pit积水坑 Sump box漏斗 Drip funnel管段 Spool piece垫环 Space ring限流孔板 Restriction orifice流量喷嘴 Flow nozzle液体混合用三通 Mixing tee喷头 Spray nozzle粗滤器 Strainer临时粗滤器 Temporary strainerPage 8 of 120疏水阀 Steam trap爆破膜 Rupture disk蒸汽伴热管道 Steam-traced piping夹套管道 Jacketed piping地下管道 Underground piping7.2管道要素钢管 Steel pipe螺纹端管 Threaded pipe法兰端管 Flanged pipe锻制的 Swage光滑弯管 Smooth bendU型弯管 U-bend弯管 Bending pipe波纹管膨胀节 Expansion bellows柔性管 Flexible pipe管件接头Pipe fitting joint机械连接 Mechanical joint活套连接 Lapped joint环行垫连接 Ring type joint扩口接头 Flare type joint非扩口接头Flareless type joint承插连接Bell and spigotVictaulic 接头 Victaulic joint弯头 Elbow异径管 Reducer管接头 Coupling活接头 Union短管 Nipple法兰 Flange配对法兰 Companion flange法兰盖 Blind flange异径法兰 Reducing flange八字盲板(1) spectacle blind (2) reversible blind 平板式法兰 Plate flange带颈法兰 Hubbed flange对焊法兰 Welding flange松套法兰 Loose flange管端突缘 Stub end法兰面 Flange face垫片沟槽 Gasket groove满平面 Full face突面 Raised face 大准槽面Large tongue and groove face双凹凸面Double male & female face大凹凸面Large male & female face金属垫片 Metallic gasket非金属垫片 Non-metallic gasketO型环 Semi-metallic gasket透视垫 O-ring对焊 Lens ring承插焊接 Butt weld滑套焊接 Socket weld焊接支管台 Slip-on weld插入环 Insert ring管帽 Cap7.3条件表材料表Bill of material材料统计 Take-off管段表Line bill of material估算汇总表Estimation summary sheet备品备件表Spare parts list报价单 Quotation sheet订货表Purchase order schedule材料汇总表Bill of material summary状态报告 Status report分布报告 Distribution report价格、重量一览表Cost & weight summary 价格、重量汇总表Cost & weight total定货管理表 Order control管道材料管理表Piping material control sheet 元件代码 Item code标记号 Tag number标准形态 Standard shape轴测图 Isometric drawing管线号 Line reference批号 Batch reference管子下料表Piping cutting list制作件表Fabrication parts list组装件表Erection part list固定架 Anchor滑动架 Resting support导向架 Guide限位架 Directional stop减振架 DampenerPage 9 of 120支架 Support管托 Shoe保冷管托 cradle鞍座 Saddle耳轴 Trunnion吊架 Hanger刚性吊架 Rigid hanger弹簧吊架 Spring hanger恒力吊架 Constant hanger阀门 Valve截止阀 Globe valve闸阀 Gate valve针行阀 Needle valve球阀 Ball valve止回阀 Check valve隔膜阀 Diaphragm valve三通阀 Three-way valve角阀 Angle valve蝶阀 Butterfly valve旋塞阀 CockTrunnion ball valve轴承式球阀伸长杆操作 Extension stem-operation链操作 Chain-operated齿轮操作 Gear-operated扳手操作 Wrench-operated电动操作 Motor-operated阀芯 Trim阀盖 Bonnet焊接支管 Weld branch偏置 Offset焊缝根部间隙Weld root gap现场调整后再下料和焊接 Cut and weld after adjusting坡度 Slope工作点 Working point管架说明Notes for piping hanging部门间校核版Interdepartmental check print平端 Plain end坡口端 Beveled管道联接图Piping hook-up drawing管道图说明Notes for piping drawing标题栏 Title block询价单Piping requisition sheet 8配管及一般设备设计8.1保温、保冷绝热 Insulation设备绝热表Equipment insulation schedule绝热符号 Insulation code保温设计Design of cold insulation正常操作所用的保温Insulation for stable operating 人身防护 Personnel protection防火层 Fire-proofing防结露 Anti-sweat防冻 Winterizing防音 Sound protection保温材料 Hot insulation material保冷材料Cold insulation material石棉 asbestos硅藻土 Diatomaceous earth岩棉 Rock wool玻璃棉 Glass wool碳酸镁 Magnesium carbonate硅酸铝 Calcium silicate珍珠岩 Perlite软木板 Cork boards毛毡 Hair felt泡沫聚氨酯 Foam polystyrene硬泡沫氨基甲酸乙酯Rigid foam urethane硬泡沫橡胶Rigid foam rubber玛碲脂 Mastic耐磨损材料Anti-abrasion coating material管壳 Lagging cloth铁丝网Hexagonal wire netting填缝材料 Caulking material保护层(1) jacketing sheet (2) cover sheet波纹铝板Corrugated aluminum sheet有色镀锌钢板Precoated galvanized sheet搭板 Butt strapZ型接头 Z-joint8.2防腐、涂漆色标 Colour-code孟塞尔色系 Munsell notationPage 10 of 120管道识别色Identification of piping system防腐层 External coating油漆 Paint清漆 Varnish防腐漆(1) anti-corrosive paint (2) rush-proof paint含铝漆 Aluminum paint底漆 Primer耐酸漆 Acid-proof paint耐碱漆 Alkali-proof paint耐热漆 Heat-resisting paint测温漆 Thermo-paint绝缘漆 Insulating varnish表面处理 Surface preparation涂漆 painting阴极保护 Cathodic protection8.3振动解析机械振动 Mechanical vibration自由振动 Free vibration强制振动 Forced vibration自励振动 Self-excited vibration固有频率 Natural frequency固有周期 Natural period波谷 Loop波峰 Node正弦振动 Sinusoidal oscillation非线性振动 Non-linear oscillation阻尼振动 Damped vibration临界阻尼 Critical damping衰减系数 (1) attenuation (2) decay coefficient (3) decay factor共振 Resonance扭曲振动 Torsional vibration挠性振动 Flexural vibration极限速度 Critical speed固有值 Characteristic value临界条件 Boundary condition弹簧系数 Spring constant惯性矩Moment of inertia回转半径Radius of gyration振动吸收装置Dynamic vibration absorber液压减振器 Hydraulic damper弹簧减振器(1) spring dampener (2) spring damper 油压锁定 Oil lock8.4耐振设计固有振动方式Natural frequency mode卓越周期 Predominant period基本周期First natural frequency横波 Transverse wave纵波 Longitudinal wave相对位移 Relative displacement质量比 Mass ratio静解析法 Static method修正静解析法Corrected static method动解析法 Modal analysis时历响应解析法Time history response analysis设计响应光谱Design response spectrum加速响应光谱Acceleration response spectrum地板响应光谱Floor response spectrum标准响应光谱Standard response spectrum加速响应增幅比 Acceleration response amplitude ratio刚性结构 Rigid structure柔性结构 Flexible structure长周期结构 Long-period structure刚性框架Rahmen rigid frame地震波 Earthquake accelerogram位移量记录 Displacement record设计地震 Design earthquake设计震度 Design seismic coefficient地震 Earthquake震源距离 Distance to centrum震中距离Distance to epicenter震级 Magnitude地震波显示仪 Seismoscope地震仪 Seismograph耐震等级 Seismic class基岩 Base rock8.5应力分析外力 External force内力 Internal force反作用力 Reaction force力偶Couple of force弯矩 Bending moment扭矩 Twist moment应力 Stress弯曲应力 Bending stress扭曲应力 Torsional stress圆周应力 Hoop stress峰值应力 Peak stress一次应力 Primary stress二次应力 Secondary stress轴向应力 Axial stress重复应力 Repeated stress脉动应力 Pulsating stress交变应力 Alternating stress应变 Strain应变能 Strain energy主应力 Principal stress主应力理论 Principal stress theory最大剪切应力理论Maximum shearing stress theory 残余应力 Residual stress热应力 Thermal stress热破坏 Thermal shock疲劳 Fatigue疲劳曲线 S-N diagram疲劳极限(1) fatigue limit (2) endurance limit腐蚀疲劳 Corrosion fatigue蠕变 Creep蠕变疲劳 Creep fatigue尺寸效应 Size effect应力集中系数Coefficient of stress concentration形状系数 Shape coefficient缺口系数 Notch factor应力强度系数Stress intensity factor几何惯性矩Geometrical moment of inertia断面系数Modulus of section断面极惯性矩Polar moment of inertia of area杨氏模量 Young’s modulus横向弹性系数Modulus of transverse elasticity体积弹性系数Modulus of volumetric elasticity泊松比 Poissor’s ratio弹性极限 Elastic limit屈服点 Yield point拉伸强度 Tensile strength伸长 Elongation永久变形 Permanent set 弹性 Flexibility弹性分析 Elastic analysis弹性屈服 Elastic buckling塑性 Plasticity塑变滞后 Plasticity hysteresis极限分析 Limit analysis弹塑性分析 Elastic-plastic analysis疲劳分析 Fatigue analysis有限元法Finite element method静荷载 Dead load8.6流体流动水锤 Water hammer急关 Rapid closure缓关 Slow closure冲击波 Shock closure液压振动Acoustic vibration of liquid flow 脉动 Pulsation flow两相流 Two-phase flow气压振动 Acoustic vibration卡门涡街 Karman eddies颤动 Fluttering气蚀 cavitation8.7噪音噪音(1) noise (2) undesired sound听力范围Auditory sensation area掩蔽 Masking背景噪音 Background noise声强 Sound intensity声压 Sound pressure声压值Sound pressure level噪声值(1) noise level (2) sound level 噪声计Sound level meter听觉校正回路 Weighting network音平 Soundness level音能 Sound power音能值Sound power level总体值 Overall level90%范围 90% range中间值 MedianNR数Noise rating number频率分析器 Frequency analyzer倍频器 Octave band1/3的倍频带1/3 octave band波段值 Band level音场 Sound field方向性 Directivity方向系数 Directivity factor衍射 Diffraction声源 Sound source房间常数 Room constant吸音率 Sound absorption coefficient穿透率 Transmission coefficient穿透损失 Transmission loss质量原理 Mass law8.8设计条件操作压力 Operating pressure最高操作压力Maximum operating pressure操作温度 Operating temperature最高操作温度Maximum operating temperature 温度基准 Base temperature腐蚀裕度 Corrosion allowance许容应力 Allowable stress安全系数 Safety factor地理条件 Geological conditions9塔、槽、换热器、加热炉9.1图面用语设备表 vessel schedule工程图 engineering drawing管口表 (1)nozzle chart (2)nozzle schedule 管口方位 nozzle orientation予焊件图 clip schedule切线 tangent line(TL)焊缝线 weld line(WL)参照线 working line(WL)基准线 base line 9.2容器容器 vessel塔 tower自支承塔 self-supported tower板式塔 tray tower填料塔 packed tower喷淋塔 spray tower槽、罐 drum贮罐 tank球罐 (1)spherical tank (2)ball tank 浮顶罐floating roof tank锥顶罐cone roof tank拱顶罐dome roof tank双壁罐double wall tank湿式气柜wet gas holder干式气柜dry gas holder料仓 (1)silo (2)bin料斗 hopper9.3内件内件 internals塔盘 tray泡罩塔盘bubble cap tray筛板塔盘 perforated tray浮阀塔盘 valve tray单流向式塔盘 uni-flux tray波纹塔盘 ripple tray塔盘板 deck溢流堰 weir降液管 downcomer密封槽 seal pot取液槽 draw-off pot密封盘 seal pan塔盘支承环tray support ring鲍尔环 Pall ring泪孔 weep hole填料 packing拉希环 Rasching ring矩鞍形填料 intalox saddle分布器 distributor除沫器 demister进料挡板 feed deflecter防涡流挡板 vortex breaker内筒 cartridge9.4主要附属品壳体 shell变颈段 reducing section封头 head椭圆形封头 ellipsoidal head碟形封头 (1)dished head (2)torispherical head 半球形封头 hemispherical head椎形封头 conical head平封头 flat head加强圈 reinforcing ring夹套 jacket人孔 manhole手孔 hand hole检查孔 inspection hole接管 nozzle凸缘 pad nozzle锻制接管 forged nozzle补强板 reinforcing pad信号孔 tell-tale hole容器支座 vessel support裙座 skirt支腿 leg支耳 support lug底座 base block基础环 base ring筋板 gusset plate压环 compression ring鞍座 saddle模板 template通道 acess opening套管 pipe sleeve连结板 lug予焊件 clip接地板 earth lug吊耳 lifting lug平台 platform梯子 ladder保温支承 insulation support吊柱 davit 人孔绞链 manhole hinge放空口 vent nozzle呼吸阀 breather valve计量口 gauge hatch9.5换热器换热器 heat exchanger换热面积heat transfer area总传热系数overall heat transfer coefficient境膜传热系数 film coefficient对数平均温差 logarithmic mean temperature difference(LMTD)平均温差mean temperature difference(MTD)污垢系数 fouling factor布管图 tube arrangement三角形排列 triangular arrangement转角三角形排列rotated triangular arrangement正方形排列 square arrangement转角正方形排列rotated square arrangement最大布管图outside tube limit管壳式换热器sheet and tube heat exchanger固定管板式换热器fixed tube sheet heat exchanger 浮头式换热器floating head type heat exchangerU形管式换热器U-tube type heat exchanger釜式换热器kettle type heat exchanger套管式换热器double tube type heat exchanger冲洗式冷却器 irrigation cooler蛇管式换热器coil type heat exchanger插管式换热器bayonet type heat exchanger板式换热器plate type heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器spiral heat exchanger夹套式换热器jacket type heat exchanger石墨换热器graphite heat exchanger空冷式换热器air-cooled heat exchanger换热管 tube折流板 baffle plate管箱 channel分程隔板pass partition plate浮头 floating head防冲挡板 impingement baffle管束 tube bundle管板 tube sheet管子与管板的连接tube-to-tube sheet joint管接头 ferrule9.6加热炉加热炉 direct-fired heater热负荷 (1)heat duty (2)heat release热损失 heat loss加热炉效率 efficiency of heater热流率 heat flux管壁温度tube skin temperature体积热负荷volumetric heat release辐射段 radiant section对流段 convection section屏蔽段 shield section坝墙 bridge wall暴露墙 exposed wall屏蔽墙 shielded wall管支承 tube support炉管 (1)heater tube (2)furnace tube扩大表面管extended surface tube联箱 (1)header (2)header box回弯头 return bend管群间连接管 crossover通风 draft烟道 flue（烟道）挡板 damper烟囱 stack烧嘴 burner过量空气 excess air风箱 wind box观察孔 (1)observation door (2)peep door 检修孔 access door防爆门 explosion door吹灰器 soot blower油漆清车导轨 painter trolley陶瓷纤维 ceramic fiber耐火砖 fire brick保温耐火砖insulation fire brick保温板 insulation board可铸耐火材料 castable衬里支撑 linking anchor炉壁横梁 lintel膨胀节 expansion joint 10.转动机械10.1转动机械轴 shaft轴承 bearing轴承箱 bearing housing联轴节 shaft coupling滑轮 pulleyV形皮带（三角皮带） V-belt转动设备 turning equipment润滑 lubrication润滑油 (1) lubricating oil (2)lube oil 密封 seal轴封 shaft seal填料函 packing填料箱 stuffing box油膜密封 oil film seal油封 seal oil机械密封 mechanical seal齿轮 gear曲轴 crankshaft连杆 connecting rod十字头 crosshead气缸 cylinder缸套 cylinder liner气缸阀 cylinder value活塞 piston金属填料 metallic packing予埋板 soleplate基座 baseplate柱塞 plunger箱体（壳体） casing转子 rotor平衡活塞 balance piston迷宫密封 labyrinth叶轮 impeller轴套 sleeve耐磨环 wearing ring灯笼环 (1)latern ring (2)seal cage10.2转动机械性能轴动力 (1)shaft power (2)brake horsepower 额定制动马力rated brake horsepower齿轮传动损失 gear loss机械效率 mechanical efficiency机械损失 mechanical loss额定转数 rated speed最大连续转数maximum continuous speed旋转油膜 oil whirl临界速度 critical speed顺时针 clockwise转矩 torque起动转矩 starting torque性能 performance特性 characteristics压头 head液压功率 hydraulic horsepower活塞位移 piston displacement体积效率 volumetric efficiency显示图 indicator diagram压力脉冲率pressure pulsation ratio10.3泵泵 pump泵效率 pump efficiency气蚀 cavitation气蚀系数 cavitation coefficient净正吸入压头net positive suction head离心泵 centrifugal pump混流泵（斜流泵） mixed-flow pump轴流泵 axial pump容量泵displacement type pump往复泵（活塞泵） reciprocating pump旋转泵 rotary pump再生泵 regenerative pump底阀 foot valve10.4压缩机，风机等压缩机 compressor压缩机效率 compressor efficiency 往复式压缩机 reciprocating compressor间隙容积 clearance volumn隙囊 clearance pocket减压器 unloader离心式压缩机 centrifugal compressor轴面压缩机 axial compressor涡轮压缩机 turbocompressor鼓风机 blower风机 fan涡轮式鼓风机 turboblower涡轮风机 turbofan多叶片风机 multi-blade fan旋桨式风机 propeller fan罗茨鼓风机 (1)roots blower (2)two-lobe blower 螺杆式压缩机 screw compressor湍振 surging中间冷却器 intercooler后冷却器（二次冷却器） aftercooler缓冲器 snubber10.5透平透平 turbine冲动式透平 impulse turbine反作用式透平 reaction turbine凝汽式透平 condensing turbine抽气式透平 extraction turbine背压式透平back pressure turbine透平效率 turbine efficiency调速器 governor速度范围 speed range速度调节阀speed governing valve应急调速器 emergency governor跳闸速度（应急速度限） trip speed应急阀 trip valve操纵阀 sentinel valve10.6冷冻机冷冻机 refrigerator制冷剂 refrigerant。

工程合同翻译术语

工程合同翻译术语
在工程合同中，翻译术语的准确性和一致性至关重要。

以下是一些常见的工程合同翻译术语，以确保合同的准确理解和执行：
1. Contract: 合同。

2. Contractor: 承包商。

3. Subcontractor: 分包商。

4. Scope of work: 工作范围。

5. Specifications: 技术规范。

6. Deliverables: 交付物。

7. Schedule: 进度表。

8. Payment terms: 付款条件。

9. Liquidated damages: 违约金。

10. Indemnification: 赔偿。

11. Force majeure: 不可抗力。

12. Termination: 终止。

13. Dispute resolution: 争议解决。

14. Governing law: 管辖法律。

15. Confidentiality: 保密性。

以上这些术语在工程合同中经常出现，对于合同的准确理解和执行至关重要。

作为合同范本专家，我可以根据客户的需要，定制合适的工程合同范本，并解答他们在合同起草过程中的疑问。

希望以上信息能对您有所帮助。

工程合同翻译常用词汇

工程合同翻译常用词汇合同(Contract)合同协议书(Contract Agreement) 中标函(Letter of Acceptance)投标函(Letter of Tender) 规范(Specification)图纸(Drawings) 明细表(Schedules)投标书(Tender ) 投标函附录(Appendix to Tender)工程量表(Bill of Quantities) 计日工表(Daywork Schedule)合同协议书(Contract Agreement) 转让(Assignment)延误的图纸或指令(Delayed Drawings or Instructions保密事项(Confidential Details 遵守法律(Compliance with Laws)定义(Definitions)日期，检验，期间和竣工(Dates, Tests, Periods and Completion)基准日期(Base Date) 开工日期(Commencement Date)竣工时间(Time for Completion) 竣工检验(Tests on Completion)接收证书(Taking-over Certificate)竣工后检验(Tests after Completion) 履约证书(Performance Certificate) 日(day), 年(year) 款项与支付(Money and Payments)中标合同金额(Accepted Contract Amount)合同价格(Contract Price) 报表(Final Statement)外币(Foreign Currency) 期中支付证书当地币(Local Currency) 支付证书(Payment Certificate)暂定金额(Provisional Sum) 保留金(Retention Money)报表(Statement)工程与货物(Works and Goods) 承包商的设备(Contractor’s Equipment)货物(Goods) 材料(Materials)永久工程(Permanent Works) 永久设备(Plant)区段(Section) 临时工程(Temporary Works)工程(Works) 承包商的文件(Contractor’s Documents)工程所在国(Country) 业主的设备(Employer’s Equipment)不可抗力(Force Majeure) 法律(Laws)履约保证(Performance Security) 现场(Site)不可预见(Unforeseeable) 变更(Variation)通信联络(Communications) 法律与语言(Law and Language)共同的及各自的责任(Joint and Several Liability)业主(The Employer) 进入现场的权利(Right of Access to the Site) 许可证，执照或批准(Permits, Licences or Approvals)业主的人员(Employer’s Personnel)业主的财务安排(Employer’s Financial Arrangements)业主的索赔(Employer’s Claims工程师(The Engineer)工程师的职责和权力(Engineer’s Duties and Authority)工程师指令(Instructions of the Engineers)工程师的更换(Replacement of the Engineer决定(Determinations) 承包商(The Contractor)承包商的一般义务(Contractor’s General Obligations履约保证(Performance Security) 分包商(Subcontractors)分包合同权益的转让(Assignment of Benefit of Subcontract)合作(Cooperation) 放线(Setting Out)安全措施(Safety Procedure) price breakdown:价格细目表advance payment guarantee letter:预付款保证书performance bond:履约保函warranty bond:保固保证letter of credit:信用证insurance certificate：保险证明书, 保险凭证copys:副本model text:样本，模板PAC(Provisional Acceptance Certification) ：临时验收Commercial Operation：商行运行法律英语force majeure：不可抗力Liquidated Damages：违约赔偿金Liquidated Damages for Delay：延期违约赔偿performance guarantee为履约担保，可为保函，也可为保证金；performance bond为履约保证金；performance security为履约保函。

合同常用词汇翻译

Translator’s note: the numbering in this document follows the source text.ECLIPSE TRANSLATIONS LTDGENERAL TERMS & CONDITIONS OF SALEThe original English language version of these Terms and Conditions is the legally-binding version. The translated version is for information only.此合同条款和条件的英文原文版为具法律效应版本。

翻译版本仅供参考。

ECLIPSE翻译有限公司一般销售条款和条件1. Interpretation解释1.1 In these Conditions: 在这些条件下：‘charges’ means the fees, charges and expenses for the Specified Services as setout in the Order“收费” 指定单所述的特定服务的报酬、收费和费用‘the Client’ means any person to whom the Company has agreed to provide the SpecifiedServices“客户” 指公司同意向其提供特定服务的任何人‘the Company’ means Eclipse Translations Limited whose registered office is at EuropeanTranslation Centre Lionheart Enterprise Park Alnwick Northumberland NE662HT (Company Number: 03290358)“公司” 指Eclipse翻译有限公司，公司注册地址：诺森伯兰郡Alnwick，Lionheart企业园，欧洲翻译中心，邮编：NE66 2HT（European Translation CentreLionheart Enterprise Park Alnwick Northumberland NE66 2HT）（公司编号：03290358）‘the Conditions’ means the standard conditions of purchase set out in this document“条款” 指本文陈述的购买标准条款‘the Contract’ means the contract for the sale and purchase of the Specified Services onthese Conditions“合同” 指按照这些条款对特定服务进行销售和购买的合同‘delivery Address’ means the address stated on the Order“交付地址” 指定单上所述的地址‘Input Material’ means any documents, materials, elements of text, images, graphics,designs, photographs and any data or other information provided by theClient to the Company relating to the Specified Service “输入材料” 指客户向公司提供的、与特定服务有关的任何文件、材料、和文本、图象、图表、设计、照片以及任何资料或其它资讯。

合同翻译常用词汇

合同翻译常用句型和词汇This contract is made in two originals that should be held by each party. 此合同一式二份，由双方各持一正本。

What is left unmentioned in contract may be added there as an appendix. 本合同未尽事宜，可由双方增补作为合同附件。

The Contract is written in quadruplicate (two for original and copy respectively) which shall become valid on the date of signature. 本合同一式四份（正副本各两份）自签署后生效This Contract is executed in two counterparts each in Chinese and English, each of which shall be deemed equally authentic. This contract is in 2 copies effective since being signed/sealed by both parties. 本合同为中英文两种文本，两种文本具有同等效力。

本合同一式两份。

自双方签字（盖章）之日起生效。

This contract is made by and between the buyers and sellers， whereby the buyers agree to buy and the sellers agree to sell the under-mentioned commodities according to the terms and conditions stipulated below. 本合同由买卖双方签订，根据本合同条款，买方同意购买，卖方同意出售以下产品。

工程英汉词汇汇编

1、基础词汇(basic vocabulary) access，交通agreement，同意，协议allocation，分配，配制approval，同意，批准arbitration，仲裁Asia Development Bank，亚洲开发银行Assistant，助理，助手Authorize（delegate），授权，委托Bill of Quantities（BOQ），工程量清单civil works，土建工程claim，索赔comment，评论，意见commercial manager，商务经理conditions of contract，合同条件general conditions，通用条件conditions of particular application，专用条件special conditions of contract，特别条件conditions of contract for works of civil engineering construction，土木工程施工合同条件construction management，施工管理consultant，顾问contract agreement，合同协议contractor，承包商cooperation，合作coordination，协调cost，费用cost control，成本控制counterclaim，反索赔delay，延误demobilization，退场department，部门designer，设计者drawing，图纸shop drawing，车间图design drawing，设计图as-built drawing，竣工图blue drawing，蓝图transparent drawing，透明图construction drawing，施工图electric works，电气工程employer（client owner），业主engineer，工程师engineer’s representative，工程师代表engineering project，工程项目international project，国际工程overseas project，海外工程equipment，设备expatriate，外籍职员expert，专家export，出口federation of civil engineering contractor，土模工程承包商联合会formal，正式的hydromechanical works，金结工程import，进口in charge of，负责，主管informal，非正式的institution of civil engineers（ICE），土木工程师协会instrument，仪器，器械insurance，保险labour，劳务layout，布置leading company，牵头公司，责任公司liability （responsibility，obligation），责任，义务lump sum，总包machinery，机械manpower，人力资源manufacturer，制造商material，材料measure，办法，措施take effective measures，采取有效措施measurement，测量，计量memorandum，备忘录mobilization，进场objection，反对payment，支付plant，设备point of view（opinion），观点，意见prequalification，资格预审procurement，采购profit，利润progress control，进度控制project manager，项目经理quality control，质量控制request（application），申请，要求review，审查risk，风险river closure，截流river diversion，导流safety，安全signature，签名site，现场site engineer，现场工程师specification，规格，规范staff，职员subcontractor，分包商submission，提交supervise，监督，监视supplier，供货商the international chamber of commerce，国际商会unit price，单价variation（change），变更word bank，世界银行2、工程施工类(construction) 2.1土建类(civil works)2.1.1开挖与支护(excavation & supporting)open excavation明挖bench excavation，台阶开挖concrete excavation，砼开挖fault excavation，断层开挖foundation excavation，基础开挖local excavation，局部开挖mass（bulk）excavation，大面积开挖protective layer excavation，保护层开挖rock excavation，岩石开挖slope excavation，边坡开挖soft ground excavation，软基开挖soil excavation，土方开挖structural excavation，结构开挖tooth excavation，齿槽开挖unclassified material excavation，不分类开挖coefficient of nonuniformity，开挖不均匀系数cutoff trench截水槽dewatering（drainage），排水excavation pit，开挖基坑intensity of excavation，开挖强度overexcavation（overbreak），超挖pump sump，水泵坑underexcavation（underbreak），欠挖underbreak treatment，欠挖处理洞挖及地下开挖（tunnel and underground excavation）a round of excavation，一个开挖循环adit，支洞advance，进尺advanced depth，进尺深度breaking hole，崩落孔cushion hole，缓冲孔drift，掏槽bottom drift，底部掏槽center drift，中心掏槽side drift，边部掏槽top drift，顶部掏槽drilling，钻孔driving（progress）rate，进尺率easer，掏槽孔erecting supports for the roof and side wall，对顶拱及边墙进行支护full face excavation，全断面开挖heading and bench excavation，导洞与台阶开挖loading and hauling muck（mucking），装拉碴loading（charging），装药perimeter hole，周边孔pilot tunnel，导洞removing dust，除尘removing ground water，清除地面积水shooting the explosive（blasting），放炮，爆破top heading excavation，上导洞开挖ventilation，通风钻孔爆破（drilling and blasting）abandoned hole，废孔average hole depth，平均孔深average quantity used in unit volume blasted，平均单耗blasting result，爆破结果blockness，块度controlled perimeter blasting，周边控制爆破data of explosive filled，装药参数data of holes drilled，钻孔参数delayed blasting，延时爆破exploratory hole，探孔explosive quantity，药量explosive quantity in a sound，单响药量handing misfire，处理哑炮light charge，少量装药loosening blasting，松动爆破pattern，布孔方式distance between holes，孔距distance between rows，排距post shearing blasting，微差爆破prespliting blasting，预裂参数quantity of holes，孔数smooth blasting，光面爆破（rock support）岩石支护expansion shell rock bolt，胀壳式张拉锚杆feature rock anchor，随机锚索feature rock bolt，随机张拉锚杆feature rock dowel，随机砂浆锚杆feature rock reinforcement，随机加固lattice girder，钢珩架，格够大梁pattern cement grouted rock dowel，系统水泥砂浆锚杆pattern resin grouted rock dowel，系统树脂浆锚杆pattern rock dowel，系统砂浆锚杆pattern rock reinforcement，系统加固permanent rock support，永久支护post-tensioned cement grouted tendon rock anchor，后张拉水泥浆锚索rebound material，回弹料return rock bolt，回头张拉锚杆return rock reinforcement，回头加固shotcrete anchorage，喷锚shotcrete with wire mesh，挂网喷砼steel fabric shotcrete，钢纤维喷砼steel rib，钢拱架temporary rock support，临时支护tensioned resin grouted rock bolt，树脂张拉锚杆working sequence土石料的填筑及碾压backfill，回填blend，混合compact，碾压controlled sprinkling，控制散水cut the slope，削坡dump，卸料exploit，开采level，整平load，装料moisture condition，分水调节place and spread，摊铺remove，清除replace，重新填筑retread（do the work again），返工scarify，翻松，刨毛screen and wash，筛分和冲洗take sample，取样test，测试transport，运输treat，处理trim，休整缺陷（defects）calcium particles姜石contaminated material，受污染料declination of the boundary，料界偏差dry，干燥lack of compaction，漏压lump，结块muddy，泥泞oversize material，超粒径料pocket，囊穴seepage，渗流separation，分离shear area，剪力区lens，透镜体其他（others）bonding surface，结合面byproduct，副产品controlling parameter，控制参数fill placement record，填筑记录frog area，蛙夯区required embankment，必要填方subzone，分区2.1.2混凝土（concrete）air-entrained concrete（aerated concrete）加气混凝土asphalt concrete，沥青混凝土blinding concrete，垫层混凝土cast-in-site（site，place）concrete，现浇混凝土plastic concrete，塑性混凝土fibrous concrete，纤维混凝土fist stage concrete，一期混凝土foamed concrete，泡沫混凝土high-performance concrete，高性能混凝土high-strength concrete，高强混凝土intrusion concrete，压浆混凝土lean concrete（poor concrete），贫混凝土lightweight aggregate concrete，轻骨料混凝土mass concrete，大体积混凝土non-fines concrete，无砂混凝土non-plastic concrete，干硬性混凝土non- shear shrinkage concrete 无收缩混凝土normal concrete，常态混凝土plain concrete，素混凝土porous concrete，多孔混凝土prestressed concrete，预应力混凝土reinforced concrete，钢筋混凝土pump concrete，泵送混凝土roller compacted concrete（rollcrete），碾压混凝土second stage concrete，二期混凝土作业（activity）clearance（cleaning），清理concrete pouring（placement，casting），混凝土养护curing ，养护membrance curing，薄膜养护moist curing，湿润养护normal curing，标准养护stream curing，蒸汽养护repairing，修补scabbling（chipping，roughening），凿毛greencutting，冲毛surface finishing，收面vibrating，振捣缺陷（defects）bug hole （pitted surface）麻面cavity狗洞cold joint，冷缝crack，裂缝deformation，变形depression，坑洼fire-damaged concrete，火损坑formwork shifting（moving），跑模grout leakage，漏浆（挂帘）membrance honeycomb，蜂窝incomplete vibration，不完全振捣，漏振irregularity，不规则segregation（bleeding），离析stair（staggered joint），错台tie rod hole，拉杆孔water leakage，漏水water seepage，渗水外加剂（admixture）accelerator，速凝剂air-entraining agent，引气剂bloating（bulking，expansion）agent，膨胀剂coloring admixture，着色剂early-strength admixture，早强剂gas-forming admixture，发气剂fluidizer，塑化剂retarding agent，缓凝剂set-controlling admixture，调凝剂super-plasticizer，增塑剂，高效减水剂surface-active agent，表面活性剂water-reducing agent，减水剂accelerating water reducer，速凝型减水剂retarding water reducer，缓凝型减水剂waterproof agent，防水剂指标（indexes）compressive strength，抗压强度compressive stress，压应力concrete class，混凝土等级final strength，终凝强度graduation，级配graduation curve，级配曲线impermeability，抗渗性initial setting strength，初凝强度mix design，配合比设计resistance to freezing and thawing，抗冻融性shear strength，抗剪强度slump，塌落度specific weight/gravity，比重stability against sliding，抗滑稳定性strain，应变surface finish，表面平整度tensile strength，抗拉强度tensile stress，拉应力thermal stress，温度应力water-cement ratio，水灰比working stress，工作应力其他（others）acceptance，验收age，龄期aggregate，骨料fine aggregate，细骨料coarse aggregate，粗骨料air pocket，气囊airtightness，气密性alternative，替代物，替换方法apply，应用，施加bending moment，弯矩block，仓号binding strength，黏结强度calibration，标定cement anchor，锚固卷concrete plug，混凝土塞concrete precast element，混凝土预制件concrete release sheet，发料单construction joint，施工缝contamination/pollution，污染conversion（reconstruction），改建coverage，覆盖范围curing agent，养护剂delivery sheet，运料单direct discharge，直接入仓elevation，高程，正视图epoxy mortar application，环氧砂浆抹面existing，现有的expansion joint，伸缩缝facilitate，使容易，使便利gabion，铅丝笼humidity，湿度identify，识别，标志ingredient，成分，配料inspection，视察，检查，验收preliminary inspection，初验final inspection，终验appearance inspection，外观检查intact，未被触动的，完整的inter-tower joint，踏间缝introduce into，将穿入isolate，隔离laitance，乳浆皮layer（lift）height，层高meet design requirement，满足设计要求moment of inertia，惯性距pocket（box out，preset hole），预留孔post-cooling，后冷却post tensioning，后张拉pre-cooling，预冷却pre-stressing，预应力pre-tensioning，先张拉pull-off test，拉拔试验reinforcement cover，钢筋保护层remark，备注section area，截面面积shearkey，抗剪键key groove，键槽shotcrete dry-mix process，干喷砼生产shotcrete wet-mix process，湿喷砼生产simplify，简化simultaneously，同时的spacer，水泥垫块spacing，间距stress concentration，应力集中symmetry，对称technical data，技术参数temperature control，温度控制temperature difference，温差temperature rise（gain），温度升高theoretical elongation，理论伸长量unloading，卸载water stop，止水PVC water stop，PVC止水Rubber water stop，橡皮止水Copper water stop，铜止水Watertightness，闭水性Winter protection，冬季保温模板（formwork，shuttering form）erecting（setting up，fixing）formwork，立模stripping（removing，dismantling）formwork，拆模bond breaker，脱模剂climbing cone，爬升锥dam bracket，大坝支架distance piece，横支撑double-curvature formwork，双曲模板flat formwork，平面模板formwork oil，模板油pigtail anchor，猪尾筋retractable formwork，进退式模板shearkey box，键槽盒sliding formwork，滑模steel form carrier，钢模台车steel formwork，钢模steel waling，钢围令，钢支撑stopend，堵头，封堵模板temporary formwork，临时模板tie rod（form tie），拉杆tiltable formwork，侧斜式模板vault and invert formwork，顶拱及底拱模板wood formwork，木模钢筋（reinforcement rebar）distribution bar，分布筋dowel，插筋horizontal bar，水平筋lap length，搭结长度main stress bar，主应力overlap，搭结shear bar，剪力筋splice welding，绑条焊接starter bar，起始筋，苗子筋stirrup，箍筋support，架立筋vertical bar，竖直筋2.1.3灌浆（grouting）backfill grouting，回填灌浆consolidation grouting，固结灌浆contact grouting，接触灌浆curtain grouting，帷幕灌浆gap grouting，接缝灌浆gravity grouting，自重灌浆jet grouting，旋喷灌浆multi-stage grouting，多次灌浆pressure grouting，压力灌浆ring grouting，环行灌浆single-stage grouting，一次灌浆工艺过程（activities）air test，通风试验backfilling hole，封孔flushing test，通水试验joint washing，洗缝seal，密封soak，浸泡water pressure test，压水试验管路及组件（circuit and elements）air supply，风包arising pipe，升浆管circuit，回路clamp，卡子cock，旋塞coil，蛇行管cylinder，缸套double nipple，对丝连接套expansion coupling，伸缩节female-quick coupling，内丝块接头fixed clamp，死卡flow rate meter，流量计galvanized elbow，渡锌弯头grout cap，灌浆帽grout cell，出浆盒grout stop plate，止浆片grout valve，灌浆阀inlet pipe，进浆管large radius elbow，大弧弯头main pipe，总管male-quick coupling，外丝块接头outlet pipe，出浆管packer，灌浆塞piston，活塞plug，堵头reducer socket，变径管套return pipe，回浆管tee piece，三通管reducer tee piece，变径三通管swivel-clamp，转卡u-bend，U弯头union，活接头ventilation pipe，排气管water supply，水包参数及指标（parameter and indexes）consistency，稠度fineness，细度grout take，吃浆量high take，吃浆量大grouting pressure，灌浆压力leakage rate，漏水率lugeon，吕容mix proportion，浆比pumping rate，迸浆率refusal criteria，拒浆标准refusal time，拒浆时间water absorption，吸水率仪器设备（plant and instrument）agitator，搅拌站automatic recorder，自动记录仪chiller plant（cooling plant），制冷站displacement point，位移点electronic grout flow meter，电子流量计extensometer，变位计flow transmitter，流量传感器foundation displacement indicator，基础位移指示器grout pump，灌浆泵hydrometer，比重计joint meter，测缝计mixing plant，制浆站monitor，监测器osmometer，渗压计pendulum，钟摆portable instrument，便携式仪器pressure gauge，压力表pressure sensor，压力传感器reinforcement meter，钢筋计steel basin，搅拌槽strain meter，应变计temperature sensor，温度传感器terminal station，集线站其他（others）check hole，检查孔compartment，灌区dense mix，浓浆foundation uplift，基础隆起grout hole，灌浆孔instrument hole，仪器孔primary，secondary and tertiary grout holes，一序、二序、三序灌浆孔split spacing，加密灌浆孔间距waste mix，弃浆2.1.4测量（survey）测量方法及术语（method and terms）adjust，校正，调整adjustment，平差allowance，容许误差backsight point，后视点basic point，基础点bench mark，水准点compass，罗盘chainage（station number），桩号chain of triangulation，三角锁check，校核，对照control point，控制点coordinate point，坐标点datum，基准面，已知数，数据datum point，基准点deviation，偏差easily identifiable point，容易识别点error，误差first order triangulation，一等三角测量geodetic，大地测量学的geodetic surveying，大地测量joint survey，联合测量known point，已知点level surface，水准面local triangulation networks，局部三角网national coordination system，国家坐标网observe，观测，监视point to be located，待定点position，定位，位置reconnaissance，选点，踏勘reference point，参考点second order triangulation，二等三角测量set out，放线，放样stake-line，测桩线state plane coordinate system，国家平面坐标系survey point，测点theoretical point，理论点traverse，导线，导线测量，横段error of traverse，导线闭合差lattice traverse，网格状导线long side traverse，长导线open traverse，非闭合导线short side traverse，短导线traverse closure，导线闭合traverse station，导线点traverse survey，导线测量triangulation，三角测量triangulation network，三角网triangulation of high order，高等级三角网triangulation point，三角点triangulation，三角测量vertical-control net，高程控制网wood pile，木桩角度测量（angular measurement）azimuth，方位角bearing，方位，象限bubble，气泡，水准器circle，度盘，圆盘circular bubble，圆水准器collimation axis，视准轴cross-line（cross-hair），十字丝depression angle，俯角elevation angle，仰角eyepiece（ocular），目镜field pole，标杆foot-screw，脚螺栓horizontal angle，水平角mark，标志点，标明objective lens，物镜plumb（plummet），铅锤，垂线sight，瞄准，观测target，目标，瞄准theodolite，经纬仪transverse axis，横轴tripod，三脚架vertical angle，竖直角vertical axis，竖轴望远镜（telescope）centering，对中face left，盘左face right，盘右focus，集中，焦点focusing，调焦index error，指标，误差inverted position of telescope(reverse telescope) ，倒镜，盘右normal position of telescope（direct telescope），正镜，盘左optical plummet，光学垂准器round，测回set，套，组station，测站距离测量（distance measurement）barometer，气压计base line（basic line，datum line），基线battery，电池EDM（electromagnetic distance measurement），电池波测距Filter，滤光片，滤波器laser alignment system，激光准直系统laser beam，激光束prism，棱镜range，测程，距离long range，远程medium range，中程short range，短程range finder，测距仪signal，信号spring balance，弹簧秤tape，卷尺invar tape，钢卷尺高程测量（height measurement）altitude/elevation，高程，高度，海拔approximate leveling，近似置平，粗平automatic level，自动定平水准仪difference in altitude（difference of elevation，height difference），高差error of closure in leveling，水准闭合差exact leveling，精（确置）平level，水准仪，水准测点level circuit，水准闭合环level shoe，水准尺垫line of level，水准线路national geodetic vertical datum，国家大地高程基准面reduced level，归化高差run back，返测run out，往测three-wire leveling，三丝法水准测量地形测量（topographic survey）boundary，界线，边线construction stake，施工标桩contour，等高线contour interval，等高距contouring，绘等高线contour-length method，等高线延长法contour line，等高线control network，控制网detail，细部详图draw，绘图field，外业fix，固定，确定form line，地形线grid，格网information，注记，资料，情报marginal information，图廓注记large-scale，大比例尺的latitude，纬度，范围latitude circle，纬圈latitude line，纬线legend，图例location，定线，定位longitude，经度longitude circle，经圈longitude line，经线map，地图，制图mapping，制图，测图，地质素描match line，拼接线monument，标石，石柱object，地物，目标plan，平面图，略图plot，绘图profile，断面，纵剖面，断面图record，记录，资料setup，定置仪器site location，定位stake out，放样，定线，立桩symbol，符号，记号topographic detail，地形细部topographic map，地形图原型观测2.1.5观测仪器与设施（instrumentation and facilities）air-entraining meter，掺气计Carlson-type piezometer，卡尔逊式渗压计concrete strain meter，混凝土应变计convergent point，收敛观测点direct plumb line，正垂线earth pressure cell，土压力盒embankment piezometer，坝体渗压计embankment strain meter，堤应变计extended wire，引张线foundation piezometer，基础渗压计horizontal inclinometer，水平测斜仪hydraulic instrument，水力学仪器hydrophone，水听器inclinometer casing，测斜管interface joint meter，界面变位计inverted plumb line，倒垂线micro piezometer，微压计multiple position extensometer，多点位移计observation point，观测标点observation well，观测井optical alignment line，视准线plate strain meter，钢板计pneumatic piezometer，气压式气压计pressure fluctuation meter，脉动压力prestressed tendon anchorage dynamometer，预应力锚索测力计rock bolt extensometer，锚杆测力计single point extensometer，单点位移计spiral sensor，测扭仪standpipe，测压管static liquid level，静力水准系统strong-motion seismograph，强震仪surface monument，表面标点temperature sensor，温度传感器terminal house，终端房terminal station，终端站tilt meter，倾角计time average pressure cell，时均压力计total pressure cell，总压力盒velometer，流速计vertical inclinometer，垂直测斜仪vibrating wire piezometer，振弦式渗压计vibrating wire settlement sensor，振弦式沉降仪weir with micro piezometer，带微压计的量水堰working base point，工作基点zero stress-strain meter，混凝土无应力计附件及配件（accessories and spare parts）coil，盘绕component，零部件coordinator，坐标仪damping box，阻力箱differential resistance，差动电阻double layer rubber sleeve，双层护套forced centering plate，强制对中盘instrument lead，仪器电缆invar wire，铟瓦丝metal ring 金属环plumb coordinate meter，垂线坐标仪pulley，滑轮regulator，调节器riser，立管sensor，传感器spool，绕轴steel socket，钢底座tablet，药片tensioning weight，张拉重锤thermistor，热敏电阻tip，测头安装过程（procession of installation）assemble，组装couple，连接embed，埋设install，安装insulate，绝缘maintenance，维护monitor，监测protection of instrumentation，仪器保护reduce，归纳seal，密封splice，拼接supply，提供test，测试资料（information）assemble schematic，装配简图certificate，合格证书description，使用说明书maintenance guideline，维护指南manual，说明书operating principle，工作原理operating restraint，操作范围procedure，程序trouble shooting procedure，故障分析程序其他（others）annular space，环行空间data acquisition，数据采集data recording ，数据记录lead drilling hole，引线孔permanent record，永久记录readout device，读数设备saturated，饱和的seepage isolation dike，截渗堤trapezoidal，梯形2.1.6水工常规试验(normal hydraulic test)Ⅰ、混凝土原材料试验（test of raw and processed materials of concrete）骨料（aggregate）abrasion volume by Los Angeles rattler，落杉矶磨耗量accumulated retained percentage，累计筛余百分率acicular and flaky grain in aggregate，针状与片状颗粒含量alkali-aggregate reaction，碱骨料反应apparent density，视密度bulk density（unit weight），容重clay lumps and friable particles in aggregate，黏土块及易碎颗粒含量coefficient of softening，软化系数crush index，压碎指标dry state，干燥状态exceeding and inferior grain in aggregate，超逊径颗粒含量fineness modulus，细度模数gaping place rate，空隙率grader retained percentage，分计筛余百分率grain composition，颗粒级配grain size，粒径lightweight matter in aggregate，轻物质含量mica content，云母含量moisture content（water rate），含水率mud content，含泥量organic content有机物质含量potential reactivity of aggregate，骨料潜在活性saturation，饱和sieving curve，筛分曲线soft grain in aggregate，软弱颗粒含量soundness，坚固性surface moisture content，表面含水率water-soluble sulphide，水容性硫化物水硬性胶凝材料（hydraulicity cementitious material）age，零期cement mark（strength of cement，cement ，cement grade），水泥标号consumptive use of water normal consistence，标准稠度用水量degree of mobilization，流动度dissolution heat（solution heat），溶解热final set，终凝flexural strength，抗挠（弯）强度flyash，粉煤灰hydration heat，水化热initial，初凝loss on ignition（ignition loss），烧失量setting time，凝结时间silica fume，硅粉soundness，水泥的安定性specific surface area，比表面积specific heat，比热water demand ratio，吸水量比外加剂（admixture）bubble stability，泡沫的稳定性bubbling ability，气泡能力chloride content，氯化物含量compressive strength rate，抗压强度比contract with dry rate，干缩率dispersing coefficient，分散系数dispersing ability of water-reducing agent，减水剂分散能力loss of slump，塌落度损失sulphate content，硫酸盐含量solid content，固体含量surface tension，表面张力water-reducing rate，减水率水（water）alkalinity，碱度calcion，钙离子carbonic acid，碳酸chlorion，氯离子equivalent consumption，当量浓度normal solution（standard solution），标准溶液PH value，PH值Water analysis，水质分析Ⅱ、混凝土（concrete）混凝土拌和物（mixture）assurance strength of concrete，混凝土保证强度bleeding rate，泌水率cement-sand ratio，灰砂比design strength of concrete，砼设计标号flowability of concrete，混凝土的流动性mix proportion（proportion of mixture），混凝土的配合比mixture uniformity，拌和物的均匀性penetration-obstruction method，贯入阻力法probability of ensuring strength of concrete，混凝土强度保证率sand rate，砂率unit consumption of water，单位用水量water retention（water retentiveness），保水性water-cement ratio，水灰比hardened concrete 硬化混凝土axial tensile strength，轴向抗拉强度coefficient of thermal conductivity，导热系数cooling rate，冷却率core of concrete，混凝土芯样creep deformation（time deformation），徐变变形creep of concrete，混凝土徐变expand with wet and contract with dry，干缩湿胀form coefficient（form factor），形状系数freezing-melting circulation，冻融循环frost-resistance mark，抗冻标号heat property of concrete，混凝土热学性能height-diameter ratio，高径比linear expansion coefficient，线膨胀系数loss of weight，重量损失natural frequency，自振频率permeate，渗透permeated height，渗透高度permeated-resisting mark，抗渗标号relative coefficient of permeability，相对渗透系数resonance frequency，共振频率sample，试件self-grown volume deformation，自生体积变形splitting tensile strength，劈裂抗拉强度static compressive modulus of elasticity，静力抗压弹模temperature conductivity，导温系数tensile modulus of elasticity，抗拉弹性模量thermal insulation warming，绝热温升ultimate tensile strength，极限拉应变wear rate，磨损率wear-resisting strength，抗冲磨强度（cement）砂浆cement lime mortar，水泥石灰砂浆cement mortar，水泥砂浆cement-clay mortar，水泥黏土砂浆epoxy mortar，环氧砂浆lime mortar，石灰砂浆plastering mortar，抹面砂浆pointing joint mortar，沟缝砂浆Ⅲ、土（soil）accumulation curve（cumulative curve），累计曲线activity index，活性指标angle of friction，磨擦角Atterberg limits（water content as limit），阿太堡界限（界限含水量）California bearing ratio，载重比coarse-grained soil，粗粒土coefficient of compressibility，压缩系数coefficient of cubical compressibility，体积压缩系数coefficient of curvature，曲率压缩系数compression，压缩compression index，压缩指数compression modulus，压缩模量consolidated-undrained（quick）shear test，固结不排水剪（固结快煎）试验consolidation，固结consolidation coefficient，固结系数consolidation settlement，固结沉降consolidation stress，固结应力continuous grading/gradation，连续级配contraction test（shrinkage test），收缩试验core cutter method，环刀法creep curve，蠕变曲线critical slope，溢出坡降（临界坡降）Darcy’s law，达西定律degree of consolidation，固结度degree of free swelling，自由膨胀率direct shear test，直接剪切试验direct shear test of reiteration，反复直接强度试验distribution curve，分布曲线drift soil（shifting soil，mass flow），流土effective angle of inner friction，有效内摩擦角effective strength envelope，有效强度包线expansion force，膨胀力expansion ratio（specific expansion），膨胀率filtering flow（seepage flow），渗流fine-grained soil，细粒土flow net（drift net），流网hydraulic slope，水力坡降hydrometer method，比重计法hydrostatic head method，常水头法limit equilibrium state，极限平衡法liquefaction，液化liquid limit，液限liquidity index，液性指标maximum dry density，最大干密度method of sieving，筛分法Mohr’s stress circle，摩尔应力圆Mohr-coulomb failure criteria，摩尔-库仑破坏曲线normal stress，法向应力oedometer curve，压缩曲线optimum moisture content，最优含水率piping，管涌plastic limit，塑限plasticity index，塑性指标pore water pressure，孔隙水压力porosity，空隙率principal stress，主应力proctor compaction test，普氏击实试验relative density，相对密度sand replacement method，罐砂法saturability（saturation degree，percent saturation），饱和度saturated unit weight，饱和容重seepage deformation，渗透变形seepage force(seepage pressure)，渗透力seepage line，渗透线seepage speed，渗透速度shear stress，切向应力（剪应力）shrinkage limit，缩限skip(gap,jump) grading，间断级配specific gravity of soil particle，土粒比重steady seepage field，稳定渗流场stress path，应力路径total strength envelope，总强度包线triaxial compression test，三轴压缩试验unconfined compression strength，无侧限压缩试验unconsolidated undrained test，不固结不排水剪（快剪）试验variable head method，变水头法void(pore) ratio，空隙比water replacement method，罐水法wet density，湿密度Ⅳ、其他建筑材料钢筋（steel）bending and unbending，反复弯曲cold bending test，冷弯试验elongation test，拉伸试验nominal diameter，公称直径ratio of elongation，伸长率relaxation test，松弛试验steel strand，钢绞线tensile yield strength，抗拉屈服强度ultimate tensile strength，极限抗拉强度木材（wood）crushing strength parallel to the grain，顺纹抗压强度tensile strength parallel to the grain，顺纹抗拉强度crushing strength across the grain，横纹抗压强度tensile strength across the grain，横纹抗拉强度沥青（asphalt）brittle temperature test，脆化点试验expansion test，延伸度试验penetration test，针入度试验softening point test，软化点试验test of aging，老化试验viscosity test，粘滞性试验Ⅴ、质量管理（quality management）average，平均值deviation standard（error of mean squares），均方差deviation coefficient（dispersion coefficient），离差系数index of correlation，相关系数management limit，管理界限mathematic statistics，数理统计maximum，最大值minimum，最小值normal distribution，正态分布quality assurance，质量保证quality examination，质量检测regression curve，回归曲线relative dampness，相对湿度sample capacity，样本容量sample frequency，取样频率specimen，样品statistical analysis，统计分析technical specification，技术规范technical standard，技术标准testing circumstance，试验环境testing error，试验误差testing regulation，试验规程variance analysis，方差分析地质（geology）地质年代（geochronology of geologic ages）Archaeozoic era（erathem），太古代（界）Proterozoic era（erathem），元古代（界）Palaeozoic era（erathem），古生代（界）Mesozoic era（erathem），中生代（界）Cenozoic era（erathem），新生代（界）Sinian period（system），震旦纪（系）Cambrian period（system），寒武纪（系）Ordovician period（system），奥陶纪（系）Silurian period（system），志留纪（系）Devonian period（system），泥盆纪（系）Carboniferous period（system），石炭纪（系）Permian period（system），二叠纪（系）Triassic period（system），三叠纪（系）Jurassic period（system），侏罗纪（系）Cretaceous period（system），白垩纪（系）Tertiary period（system），第三纪（系）Quaternary period（system），第四纪（系）地质构造（geologic structure）fault，断层normal fault，正断层reversed fault，逆断层parallel fault，平移断层gouge，断层泥stria，擦痕joint，节理primary joint，原生节理secondary，次生节理tension joint，张节理unloading joint，卸荷节理schistosity，片理bedding，层理foliation，板理（叶理）ripple mark，波痕mud crack，泥痕rain print，雨痕orientation of bedrock，岩层产状strike，走向dip，倾向angle of dip（dip angle），倾角fold，褶皱anticline，背斜syncline，向斜monocline（homocline），单斜dome，穹隆soft stratum，软弱岩层zone of fracture（broken zone），破碎带affected zone，影响带platy structure，板状构造cleavage，解理fracture（rupture），断裂fissure（crack，fracture），裂隙岩石类型（rock type）petrology，岩石学igneous rock，火成岩magmatic rock，岩浆岩lava（vocanic rock），火山岩intrusive（invade）rock，侵入岩effusive rock，喷出岩plutonic rock，深成岩pypabyssal rock，浅成岩acid rock，酸性岩inter-mediate rock，中性盐basic rock，基性岩ultrabasic rock，超基性岩granite，花岗岩porphyry，斑岩porphyrite，玢岩rhyolite，流纹岩syenite，正长岩trachyte，粗面岩diorite，闪长岩andesite，安山岩gabbro，辉长岩basalt，玄武岩aplite，细晶岩pegmatite，伟晶岩lamprophyre，煌斑岩diabase，辉绿岩dunite，橄榄岩pumice，浮岩sedimentary rock，沉积岩clastic，碎屑岩clay rock，黏土岩chemical rock，化学岩biolith，生物岩conglomerate，砾岩siltstone，粉砂岩mudstone，泥岩shale，页岩saline rock，岩盐limestone，石灰岩dolomite，白云岩marl，泥灰岩volcanic breccia，火山角砾岩volcanic agglomerate，火山块集岩tuff，凝灰岩metamorphic rock，变质岩slate，板岩phyllite，千枚岩schist，片岩gneiss，片麻岩quartzite，石英岩marble，大理岩mylonite，糜棱岩migmatite，混合岩cataclasite，碎裂岩sediment（deposit），沉积物、沉积层boulder，漂石、顽石cobble，卵石gravel，砾石sand，砂silt，粉土clay，粘土sandy clay，砂质粘土clayey sand，粘质砂土sandy loam，壤土、亚黏土regolith（topsoil），浮土（表土）loess，黄土laterite，红土peat，泥炭ooze，软泥（海泥）造岩矿物（rock-forming minerals）talc，滑石gypsum，海石calcite，方解石fluorite，萤石apatite，磷灰石feldspar，长石quartz，石英topaz，黄玉corundum，刚玉diamand，金刚石orthoclase，正长石plagloclase，斜长石biotite，黑云母muscovite，白云母amphibole，角闪石phroxene，辉石olivine，橄榄石。

建筑工程合同专业词汇的定义

建筑工程合同专业词汇的定义1.工程量清单bill of quantities(BQ)载明建设工程分部分项工程项目、措施项目、其他项目的名称和相应数量以及规费、税金项目等内容的明细清单。

2. 招标工程量清单BQ for tendering招标人依据国家标准、招标文件、设计文件以及施工现场实际情况编制的，随招标文件发布供投标报价的工程量清单，包括其说明和表格。

3. 已标价工程量清单priced BQ构成合同文件组成部分的投标文件中已标明价格，经算术性错误修正（如有）且承包人已确定的工程量清单，包括其说明和表格。

4. 分部分项工程word sections and trades分部分项是单项或单位工程的组成部分，是按结构部位、路段长度及施工特点或施工任务将单项或单位工程分为若干个分部的工程；分项工程是分部工程的组成部分，是按不同的施工方法、材料、工序及路段长度等将分部工程划分为若干个分项或项目的工程。

5. 措施项目preliminaries为完成工程项目施工，发生于该工程施工准备和施工过程中的技术、生活、安全、环境保护等方面的项目6. 项目编码item code分部分项工程和措施项目清单名称的阿拉伯数字标识。

7. 项目特征item description构成分部分项工程项目、措施项目自身价值的本质特征。

8. 综合单价all-in unit rate完成一个规定清单项目所需的人工费、材料、和工程设备费、施工机具使用费和企业管理费、利润以及一定范围内的风险费用。

9. 风险费用risk allowance隐含于已标价工程量清单综合单价中，用于化解发承包双方在工程合同中约定的内容和范围内的市场价格波动风险的费用。

10. 工程成本construction cost承包人为实施合同工程并达到质量标准，在确保安全施工的前提下，必须消耗或使用的人工、材料、工程设备、施工机械台班及其管理等方面发生的费用和按规定缴纳的税费和税金。