定语从句(关系副词+介词+which whom)学生版

定语从句（学生版）

关系副词when, where, why

介词+whom/which引导的定语从句

一、基本概念

1. 定语从句除可用关系代词引导外，还可用关系副词_______, _______与_______来引导。

2. 它们的区别是：when用于指________，相当于in/ at/ on/ during which, where用于指

________，相当于in/ at/ from which, why用于指________, 相当于for which。

3. 关系副词在定语从句中代替_______作_____语，_____省略，有时可以用________代替。

二、基本用法

1. 关系副词when关系副词和where的先行词是表示时间(如the day(s), the time, the year等)和地点(如the place, the house, the factory, the station等)的一类词，而关系副词why的先行词通常只是for the reason(s)。另外，________和________可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，而________则只用于引导限制性定语从句，不用于引导非限制性定语从句。

★用适当的关系副词填空

①I will remember the day ______ I left my hometown forever. (作________状语= ________)

②This is the place ________ he works. (作________状语= ________________)

③He told me the reason ________ he was late again. (作________状语= ________________)

2. 注意不要以为在时间名词后就一定用关系副词when,在地点名词后就一定用关系副词

where,在表示原因的the reason后就一定用关系副词why。到底选用关系副词还是关系代词,关键是看它们在定语从句中是用作状语(用关系_______)还是用作主语或宾语(用关系_______)。英语中的关系副词主要是when, where, why三个。不要想当然地将how 用作关系副词修饰the way。如不说This is the way how he spoke，可改为This is how he spoke(how引导的是表语从句)，当然也可说成This is the way______________ he spoke. ★用适当的关系副词或关系代词填空

①Don’t forget the time ________I’ve told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。

②I’ll never forget the days_______ I worked with you. 我永远不会忘记我与你共事的日子。

③He works in a factory ________makes radio parts. 他在一家造无线电零件的工厂工作。

④He works in the factory ________ his father worked. 他在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。

⑤That’s the reason ________he explained to us. 那就是他向我们解释的理由。

⑥That’s the reason ________she left home. 那就是她离家出走的原因。

3. 介词+关系代词的用法

在定语从句中，当关系代词作动词短语或介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将定语从句中的介词或动词短语中的介词提前放在关系代词前面。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句, 关系代词只能用________和________, 且________省略。介词主要根据三个方面来选择: 一是先行词与介词的搭配; 二是定语从句中谓语动词或形容词与介词的搭配; 三是根据“介词+关系代词”在从句中的作用及意义。

★试一试

①Do you know the man (who/whom/that) Mr. Black talked with just now?

=Do you know the man ________ ________ Mr. Black talked just now?

②He is the man (who/whom/that) we are proud of.

=He is the man ________ ________we are proud.

三、在使用“介词+关系代词”结构时要注意以下几个问题：

1. 介词的确定应依据定语从句中动词短语的习惯性搭配或介词与先行词的搭配，如：

Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands? (shake hands with)

He built a telescope through which he could study the skies. (through the telescope)

2. 有些固定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。如：listen to, look at, depend on, pay

attention to, take care of, look for

This is the watch which you’re looking for。

He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on.

3. 介词放在关系代词之前时，只用which, whom不用that, who。当关系代词指代人时，用

whom，关系代词指代物时，用which，如：

Is this the pen with which you wrote the letter?

He wrote about 20 novels, of which this is the most successful.

This is the man from whom I learnt the news.

4. 当先行词是物时，作定语的引导词whose +n = ________________或 ________________.

He lives in the room whose window faces south.

= He lives in the room ________________________faces south.

= He lives in the room ________________________ faces south.

四、解题基本思路

1. 首先判断先行词的性质,是表示时间还是表示地点等等;

2. 查看先行词在定语从句中充当何成分；

3. 依据充当主语或者宾语，选择合适的关系词。