2010高三英语名师手记虚拟语气篇

2010高三英语名师手记：虚拟语气篇

一、考纲要求

根据考纲的要求，虚拟语气部分主要考查情态动词的选择、虚拟语气在条件句中、在名词性从句中、在简单句中或在日常交际中的使用等基本用法。

二、命题导向

依据语境来判断虚拟语气的不同形式是高考试题的主要设题方法之一。在近年的高考试题中，出现了对陈述语气与虚拟语气辨析的考查。虚拟语气在各种从句中的应用是该部分的重点掌握内容。

三、复习要点

虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，说话人陈述的并不是事实，而是表达一种愿望、假设和猜测等。只有在非真实的条件句中才使用虚拟语气，如果假设的条件有可能实现，用真实条件句。如果假设的条件无法实现或实现的可能性很小，则用虚拟语气。使用虚拟语气的情况主要有下列几种：

1. 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用

(1) if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气

非真实条件句表示不可能实现的或实现的可能性很小假设。条件句与主句皆须用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的时态形式有三种：

①表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句的谓语动词用“动词过去式(be一般用were)”，主句的谓语动词用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。例如：If you were the UN Secretary General, could you stop the wars on the earth?

If he had a chance, he would/should/ might/could choose to study abroad。

②表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”，主句的谓语动词用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。

【记忆小窍门】可提到句首的词有三个：had, should和were。谐音记忆：一马当先“还属我”。

⑶含蓄虚拟条件句

有时，可不用条件句表示一个非真实的条件，而用一些介词短语或通过上下文中暗含某种非真实的条件，这种句子叫做“含蓄条件句”。例如：

①通过with, without, but for和动词不定式短语等表示虚拟的条件

She’d look better with shorter hair. =if she had her hair cut shorter

Without your help, we could not have completed the task ahead of time. =If it had not been for your help…

But for the heavy snow, I could have gone on holiday. =If there had not bee n the heavy snow…

She would be shocked to hear the news. =If she heard the news…

It wo uld be easier to do it in this way. =If you did it in this way…

②句中含有or, or else, otherwise, but等词语，暗示句子的某一部分(前句或后句)需用虚拟语气。

He was on business in Beijing at that time; otherwise he might have helped us。

Luckily Mary telephoned to inform me of the meeting, or would have been I a bsent。

I should have attended my friend’s wedding ceremony, but I couldn’t affor

d th

e time。

2.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用

⑴在主语从句中，在下面的几种情况下，谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”

①It is+形容词+that…句型。常见的形容词有important, necessary, natural, fun ny, strange, surprising, astonishing(令人惊讶的)等。

② It is +名词+that…句型。常见的名词有pity, shame, advice, suggestion, pro posal(提议，建议)， requirement, request, desire, order等。

③ It is+动词的过去分词+ that…句型。常见的动词有advise, order, propose, re quest, suggest, demand, require等。

在以上三种句型中，主语从句的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”， should可省略。例如：

It is important that we (should) have a good knowledge of computer in moder n times。

It is necessary that these useful expressions (should) be learnt by heart。

It is a shame that children (should) be forced to beg in the streets in the capital city。

It's suggested that the school (should) organize an outing when spring come s。

It is required that middle-schools students (should) take at least one-hour exercise every day。