TPO17 综合写作 听力文本
托福范文及赏析-TPO17独立写作-智课网
智课网TOEFL备考资料托福TPO独立写作TPO17Most advertisements make products seem much better than they really are.题目翻译大多数广告让产品看上去比实际要好。
审题关键词Advertisements论证分析正: An essential reason concerns the nature of advertising – advertisers, in most cases, would only make products seem better than they really are, not the other way around.正：But the norm that a “good” product is advertised as a “better” one is often challenged or even reversed – that is, unscrupulous businessmen make use of advertising to sell inferior products, which raises a moral question.正：However, the notion that “advertisement always make us disappointed” sometimes results from consumers' unrealistic expectation of products.范文With the development of public media, more and more advertisements appear on television programs, newspapers or magazines. Advertisements exert great influences on people when we think of buying something. As for me, I strongly agree that most advertisements make the products seem much better than what they really are because of the initial aim of advertising, the artistry and celebrity effects of advertisements.In the first place, advertisements are used to persuade people to buy more products, and most of them only publicize the advantages of the products and ignore the disadvantages. Last summer, my mother watched a piece of amazing advert on television. In the advertisement, a man squeezed juice, made ice cream, and even minced meat with this machine. She bought the machine without any hesitation. To her disappointment, the processor broke down only after a couple of days. My mother had to pay extra money to change the cutter head. She regretted why she bought the product only because of the advertisement even without giving any consideration to the quality and after service.Another example is the experience of my brother who works in a big advertising company. He told me that every time they got a new case, they learnt both the advantages and disadvantages from the manufactures. However, what they only needed to do was concentrate on the good qualities which they called “selling points”. Therefore, advertising is not about showing you a product; it is about showcasing a product to make it viable as a commercial product.In addition, advertisement, as a form of art, contributes to the better artistic effects as a development in this field. Advertisements nowadays are totally different. Creative ideas from talented advertising designers and amazing pictures produced by high technologies attract people’s eyes and successfully encourage people to buy products. It reminds me of a recent P&G shampoo advertisement. It shows a cocoon that slowly unravels into a beautiful young woman with butterfly wings. Her long, flyaway hair together with the delicate scene makes her look like an angel.Finally, the celebrity effect in the advertisement also makes products seem better than what they really are. All too often we observe people buy something merely because their favorite singers or movie stars endorse them. Moreover, that the beautiful or handsome look of the stars and their special social status enhances the quality and taste of the products, thus making products seem better than what they really are.To sum up, advertisements are made to encourage people buy the products no matter what the products are really like in reality. The fancy artistic effects and the appeal of celebrities are also of great help. Therefore, most advertisements make the products seem better than what they really are.满分要素剖析语言表达本文长短句结合，短句为主，很好地控制了文章的节奏，让读者读来不觉得很累。
托福TPO17口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO17口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO17口语Task6听力文本： Listen to part of a talk in a sociology class. Now let's talk about a particular cultural process: diffusion. Since the beginning of human history, diverse cultures have taken advantage of one another's innovations when they've come into contact. Diffusion is the process whereby something cultural…like a custom, a type of food or an invention is spread from one group to another, or from one society to another. One group adopts a cultural item, or, more selectively, just part of a cultural item of another group, you see?Now diffusion can occur through a variety of ways: military conquest or tourism or even something like the influence of satellite TV shows around the world. For example take something like reading a modern newspaper here in the US. Have you ever thought about where the letters, the characters on the page you're reading, where they came from? They were borrowed from another culture many centuries ago. Then, the printing of the words, well, that process was invented in Germany, and finally, the paper itself, the paper was invented in China. These innovations from all over the world were shared across cultures over time, and so today we have newspapers in the US. So the process of diffusion might take place over long distances and over long periods of time.Now I’m not saying that diffusion happens easily, as I mentioned, sometimes it’s selective. For instance, many people in the US have accepted the practice of acupuncture. The Chinese practice of using needles to cure disease or relieve pain. So, lots of people in the US have realized that acupuncture is effective, but few of them fully understand or have committed themselves to the philosophy behind acupuncture. Cultures tend to resist ideas that seem to foreign, too different from their own beliefs and values. But the ideas which aren’t perceived as too different, are often incorporated, absorbed, diffused into their culture, so the practice of acupuncture has been absorbed into US culture, but not the philosophies of Chinese medicine. 托福TPO17口语Task6题目： Using points and examples from the talk explain the concept of diffusion. 托福TPO17口语Task6满分范文： Diffusion is a cultural process through which a cultural feature, like a custom or an innovation is spread from one group or society to another when the two cultures come into contact. This process can take place over long distances and over long periods of time. A good example of this is reading modern newspaper in the U. S. The characters in the paper were borrowed from another culture hundreds of years ago;the printing was invented in Germany; then the paper itself was invented in China. However, the process of diffusion does not happen easily; it's selective. For example, the practice of Chinese acupuncture has been accepted by many people in the U. S. as an effective way of relieving pain and curing disease. But the philosophy behind it was hardly understood and accepted because the idea was too foreign, and people tend to resist the ideas that are too different from their own values and beliefs. (155 words) 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO17口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
托福TPO17听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO17听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO17听力Conversation2文本 Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and a food service manager. Student: Excuse me, Mrs. Hanson. My name is John, John Grant. I work as a waiter in the campus dining hall, in the faculty dining room. Manager: What can I do for you, John? Student: Well, I work week nights, except for Friday. I was wondering if I could switch from working the dinner service to working at lunch. Manager: That’s going to be a problem. I am afraid we don’t have any openings at lunch time. A lot of students want to work then, so it is really rare for us to have an open spot at that time of day. Student: Oh, you see, I have joined this group, the University Jazz Band, and the band’s practice time is right around dinner time. You know, it is so hard to get into this group, I must have auditioned like ten times since I have been at the school, so I am ... Anyway, so I was really hoping to have the dinner hour free so I can go to practice. Manager: Well, we do have other open times, like breakfast. Student: Eh, that won’t work, I am sorry. I mean that, I can’t work that early.I have this very important music class I got to take, and it is like, first thing in the morning. Manager: Well, if you don’t mind working in the kitchen, we’ve got some pretty flexible hours for students doing food-prep work, anything from early morning to late afternoon. Student: What’s prep work? Manager: You prepare food for the cooks. You know, like cutting up vegetables for soup, or cleaning greens for salads. Student: Oh, that doesn’t sound, I mean... Being a waiter, I get to see a lot of the professors, like in a different light, we joke around a little you know. In the classroom, they always have to be pretty formal, but ... Manager: Well, the money is no different since we pay students the same amount for any of the jobs here in food service, so it’s up to you. Student: Oh, man. I always thought that sacrificing for my art, that’d mean working long hours as a musician for, like, no money. I didn’t think it’d mean, peeling carrots. Manager: Let me see, I am offering you something that has the hours you want, it is right here on campus, and you make as much money as you did being a waiter, quite a sacrifice. Student: I am sorry, I know you are just trying to help. I guess I should look into the food-prep job. Manager: Ok, then, I’ll tell the kitchen manager that you will stop by tomorrow to talk about the job and schedule your hours. And I will let the dining hall manager know that he needs to find a new waiter for the evening. Student: Oh, ok, I guess that’s it. Thanks, Mrs. Hanson. 托福TPO17听力Conversation2题目 1.Why does the man go to see the woman? A. To complain about rude customers. B. To request an increase in his pay. C. To ask for a change in his work schedule. D. To apply for a job playing music in the dining hall. 2.What activity does the man want to be able to do at dinnertime? A. Prepare for his morning music classes. B. Rehearse with a school music group. C. Play jazz for the faculty in the dining hall. D. Eat with classmates from his music class. 3.The woman asks the man to consider a different job What kind of work would the man have to do for the new job?。
剑17t听力原文
剑17t听力原文TRUDIE:Ok,Stewart.We need to start planning our paper on public libraries.Have you thought of an angle yet?STEWART:Well,there’s so much we could look into.How libraries have changed over the centuries,for instance,or how different countries organize them.What do you think,Trudie?TRUDIE:Maybe we should concentrate on this country,and try and relate the changes in libraries to external developments,like the fact that far more people can read than a century ago,and that the local population may speak lots of different languages(Q21).STEWART:We could include something about changes in the source of funding,too.TRUDIE:Yes,but remember we’re only supposed to write a short paper,so it’s probably best if don’t go into funding in any detail.STEWART:Right.Well,shall we just brainstorm a few ideas,to get started?TRUDIE:Ok.We obviously need to look at the impact of new technology,particularly the internet.Now that lots of books have been digitalized,people can access them form their own computers at home.STEWART:And if everyone did that,libraries wouldbe obsolete.TRUDIE:Yes.STEWART:But the digitalized books that are available online for free are mostly out of copyright,aren’t they?And copyright in this country lasts for 70 years after the author dies.So you won’t find the latest best-seller or up-to-date information(Q22).TRUDIE:That’s an important point.Anyway,I find it hard to concentrate when I’m reading a long text on a screen.I’d much rather read a physical book.And it takes longer to read on a screen.STEWART:Oh,I prefer it.I suppose it’s just apersonal preference.TRUDIE:Mm.I expected that libraries will go on evolving in the next few years.Some have already become centers where community activities take place,like local clubs meeting there.I think that’ll become even more common.STEWART:I’d like to think so,and that they’ll still be serving their traditional function,but I’m not so sure.There’re financial implications,after all.What I’m afraid will happen is that books and magazines will all disappear,and there’ll just be rows and rows of computers(Q23).They won’t look anything like the libraries we’re used to.TRUDIE:Well,we’ll see.TRUDIE:I’ve just had an idea.Why don’t we makean in-depth study of our local public library as background to our paper?STEWART:Yes,that’d be interesting,and raise all sorts of issues.Let’s make a list of possible things we could ask about,then work out some sort of structure.For instance,um,we could interview some of the staff,and find out whether the library has its own budget(Q24),or if that’s controlled by the local council.TRUDIE:And what their policies are.I know they don’t allow food,but I’d love to find out what types of noise they ban–there always seems to be a lot of talking,but never music.I don’t know if that’s a policy or it just happens.STEWART:Ah,I’ve often wondered.This is from Laokaoya website.Then there are things like how the library is affected by employment(Q25)laws.I suppose there are rules about working hours,facilities for staff and so on.TRUDIE:Right.Then there are other issues relating to design of the building and how customers use it.Like whatmeasures does the library take to ensuretheir safety(Q26)?They’d need floor coverings that aren’t slippery,and emergency exits,for instance.Oh,and another thing-there’s the question of the kindof insurance(Q27)the library needs to have,in case anyone gets injured.STEWART:Yes,that’s something else to find out.You know something I’ve often wondered?TRUDIE:What’s that?STEWART:Well,you know they’ve got an archive of local newspapers going back years?Well,next to it they’ve got the diary(Q28)of a well-known politician from the late 19th century.I wonder why it’s there.Do you know what his connection was with this area?TRUDIE:No idea.Let’s add it to our list of things to find out.Oh,I’ve just thought–you know people might ask in the library about local organizations,like sports clubs?Well,I wonder if they keep a database(Q29),or whether they just look online.STEWART:Right.I quite fancy finding out what the differences are between a library that’s open to the public and one that’s part of a museum(Q30),for example–they mustbe very different.TRUDIE:Mmm.Then something else I’d like to know is…翻译：特鲁迪：好的，斯图尔特。
TPO17作文 advertisng makes products look better
Most advertisements make the products presented much better than they really areSample1:Advertising is a form of communication for marketing and used to encourage or persuade a consumer to continue or take some new actions to buy the products. No wonder that the only function of advertising is to drive buyers’ desire and attach their attentions. So it does make great sense that I strongly agree to the statement that most advertisements makes the products presented much better than they really are, and points below supports my idea.An essential reason concerns the nature of advertising, in most cases, would only make products seem better than they really are, not the other way around. Since the ultimate aim of advertising is to persuade people into buying something, and people would naturally be attracted by something that is desirable rather than repellent, advertisements are certainly made to display a more attractive image of products. Therefore, customers would first be gravitated towards the virtual product that is somewhat dishonestly pictured by advertisers, then desire to own it, and eventually purchase it. In this way, the desire of consumers is satisfied, the purpose of production achieved, and the advertising process completed.But the norm that a “good”product is advertised as a “better”one is often challenged or even reversed –that is, unscrupulous businessmen make use of advertising to sell inferior products, which raises a moral question. For example, my mother was once attracted by a commercial of a encyclopedia which was claimed to be the one and only complete version of several ancient Chinese documents. She rushed to the shop and bought this “limited version” at an eye-popping price, and regarded it as one of the most precious things in our house. However, a few months later she found the same version was sold in bulk at another shop at an unbelievably low price, which annoyed her for quite a long time. We can learn from the experience that we should not always trust the advertisements that are apparently exaggerating products, and keep alert in the swarm of television commercials.However, the notion that “advertisement always make us disappointed”sometimes results from consumers' unrealistic expectation of products.Advertising easily makes people to imagine “perfect”products which are not realistic at all, but consumers would rather keep this unreasonable hope. Then they would be inevitably disappointed by the actual products which cannot be so perfect, and attribute the cause to advertising. But it is actually the unrealistic expectation that eclipses any product, because a perfect image is absolutely subjective and could not even be realized. For example, I once signed up for a group tour to Lantao Island in Hong Kong, being attracted by the beautiful landscape pictures posted in the advertisements. But later on in the journey I was disappointed because actual scenery was never as attractive as what I had expected to see. Therefore, an unrealistic expectation is to be avoided in making any buying decision.In conclusion, advertisements do make products seem much better than they really are, as a result of commercial propaganda and our unrealistic hope imposed on products. A better solution would be that both consumers and sellers keep a more realistic point of view, and avoid unreasonable selling or buying behavior.Sample2:Advertising is a form of communication for marketing and used to encourage or persuade a consumer to continue or take some new actions to buy the products. No wonder that the only function of advertising is to drive buyers’ desire and attach their attentions. So it does make great sense that I strongly agree to the statement that most advertisements makes the products presented much better than they really are, and points below supports my idea.To begin with, many medicine advertisements claim that people who take this drug can lose their weight without dieting or taking physical exercises. Besides, some growth-help drugs exaggerate their real effect informing people that even an adult can grow another 5~8cm by taking these medicines. In China, many consumers are bombarded by the medicine advertisements claiming that these drugs can cure cancer and AIDS. Actually, these medicines have little real effect on such incurable deceases. What’s worse, these low-quality drugs might even cause other kinds of deceases.When it comes to food, we all have the experience of disappointment of buying an unsavory food just because of its tasting packing and attractive ads. The instant noodle is one of the most typical examples. Wherever the ad is being played, we are surely appealed to its inviting appearance and joyful expressions of those entertainers. All this factors drive you to have a try. But most times we learn the lesson that it just makes products seem much better and doesn’t make it taste better at all.Besides, products like body cream and hair shampoo also cost their manufacturers’ great efforts to try every possible way making advertisements more attractive and seem more real. Producers invite super stars like Angelia Julie to help convincing buyers these goods are real magic ones. Obviously, results turn out to be quite simple. And the huge amounts of fees of advertisements are undoubtedly paid by us consumers without notice.All in all, there’s no advertisement not aiming at attracting consumers and enlarging net profits. So it’s quite convincing that most advertisements magnify the real effects, making their products better than they really are.Sample3:Having a glimpse of the current situation around the globe, we may marvel at the variety of advertisements on television.Those advertisements play an important role in attracting customers. Meanwhile, complaints are often heard about deceiving information offered in the commercials. From my perspective, it is common to see that most advertisements make products seem to be better than they really are.Primarily, one of the most common advertising skills is to exaggerate the function of the products. In those fancy advertisements, the dirty spots on clothes could be washed quickly with the help of the washing machine; the perfume is surprisingly helpful to attract males; people enjoy the huge and delicious hamburgers. Attracted by the amazing advertisements, people rush to the shop to purchase those products. But in most cases, they end up with disappointment, finding that the real products are not as attractive as presented in the advertisements. It happens because the ultimate purpose of advertisements is to persuade people into buying the products and then increase the sales. Therefore, advertisers are eager to show the products as fantastic as they can,regardless of their real functions.Moreover, the advertisers often ignore the possible problems of the products in advertising. Due to the time limit of advertisements as well as being afraid of losing potential customers, advertisers are unwilling to show the side effects of the products. Actually, everything has two sides. As a result, when people find out the slow speed of the machine, the unstable system of the mobile phone or the limited space of the computer, it is evitable that people will complain about the incomplete information provided in the advertisements.Furthermore, another strategy in advertising is to invite celebrities. Since celebrities has well established public images, they make the products seem to be trust-worthy. Meanwhile, each celebrity has different characteristics. Advertisers take advantage of the specific character to emphasize the feature of the products. For instance, F1 race stars are often invited in car advertisements in order to show the high speed of the car. Thus, because of the star effect, customers might believe in the advertisements.In a nutshell, advertisers make use of several strategies in advertisements to show an attractive product to customers. In order not to be misled by advertisements, it is imperative to collect much more information from other sources and have an objective understanding of the product. In this way, people will not be confused about the advertisements, which make products seem much better than in reality.Sample4:It is true that some products' advertisement describe them objectively, while most of time advertisers dramatize those normal products. The reason is that exaggerated advertisements make products far better than they really are.Some advertisements use noticeable words to attract people's attention and most of them use hyperbole. For instance, there is a chocolate slogan that "If you eat the chocolate you will enjoy the happiness of falling in love". This slogan is absolutely impossible. People can feel sweet when they eat the chocolate but this feeling cannot be compared with the feel of love. Another example of a washing powder, Tide, can also justify my statement. It is publicized that there is a Tide, and there is no dirty. My mother was impressed by this slogan and bought one. The result was that this kind of washing powder can not make clothes as clean as what it is publicized.Other advertisements use magnified and colorful pictures to increase people's willingness of shopping. When people hang in the supermarket, they can find various shining package on the products. And the pictures printed on the packages are totally different with the products inside. The most typical example is the advertisement of instant noodles. On the picture, the advertisers depict a bowl of delicious noodle with fresh vegetable and great amount of meat or shrimp. When people open the wrap, however, only a few dehydrate vegetables and dry noodles are shown in front of them. Where is the meat advertised in the picture? It just a method to make the products looks better.What's more, the most influential advertisements are depended on famous people. By the influence of those famous people, consumers totally believe in what they say. Icons say this product is more efficient then it is definitely more useful. Some people use this method to make medicine commercials and this behavior has much negative influence on the society: many medicines advertised by famous people were attested to be unqualified. Although these medicinesare not high quality, once they beautify advertisement, they will become panacea.Therefore, advertisement can really make products seem perfect. We should open our eyes to justify whether they are good by ourselves.Do advertisements promote things we do not need or products that may improve our lives?。
【英语考试 托福】TPO17听力文本 共(8页)
TPO 17ConversationNarrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor.Professor OK, let’ s see. Right, Modern Stagings of a Shakespearian Classic. Well, like I told you last week, I think that’s a great topic for you paper. So the t itle would be something like ... uh ...Student I am not really sure, probably something like 20th century stagings of A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Professor Yes, I like that. Straightforward and to the point. So how is the research going?Student Well, t hat’s what I came to talk to you about. I was wondering if you happen to have a copy of the Peter Brook production of A Midsummer Night’s Dream in your video collection. I’ve been looking for it everywhere and I am having a really hard time tracking it down.Professor That’s because it doesn’t exist.Student You mean in your collection? Or at all?Professor I mean at all. That particular production was never filmed or recorded.Student Oh no. I had no idea. From what I read, that production, like, it influenced every other production of the play that came after it. So I just assumed it had been filmed or videotape d.Professor Oh, It definitely was a landmark production. And it’s not like it ran for just a week, but either it was never filmed or if it was the film’s been lost. And it’s ironic because there’s even a film about the making of the production, but none of the production itself.Student So now what do I do? If there is no video.Professor Well, think about it. This is the most i mportant 20th century staging of A Midsummer Night’s Dream, right? Student But how can I write about Brook’s interpretation of the play if I can’t see his production.Professor Just because there’s no recording doesn’t mean you can’t figure out how it influenced other productions. Student Yeah, I guess there’s enough material around, but it will be a challenge.Professor True. But think about it, you are writing about dramatic arts, the theater, and that’s the nature of theater, isn’t it?Student You mean because it is live, when the performance is finished ...Professor That’s it. Unless it’s filmed, it’s gone. But that doesn’t mean we can’t study it. And of course some students in this class are writing about productions in the 19th century, there are no videos of those. You know, one of the challenges for people who study theater is to find way of talking about something that’s really so transient短暂的、片刻的、转瞬即逝的, about something that, in a sense, doesn’t exist.Lecture 1-Art History ( Prehistoric Art Dating )Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class.Professor Good morning, ready to continue our review of prehistoric art? Today, we will be covering the Upper Paleolithic Period旧石器时代, which I am roughly defining as the period from 35,000 to 8,000 BC. A lot of those cavedrawings you have all seen come from this period. But we are also be talking about portable works of art, things that could be carried around from place to place. Here is one example.This sculpture is called the Lady with the Hood, and it was carved from ivory象牙, probably a mammoth’s tusk长牙、獠牙. Its age is a bit of a mystery. According to one source, it dates from 22,000 BC. But other sources claimed it has been dated closer to 30,000 BC. Amy?Amy Why don’t we know the exact date when this head was made?Professor That’s a fair question. We are talking about prehistory here. So obviously the artists didn’t put a signature or a date on anything they did. So how do we know when this figure was carved?Tom Last semester I took an archaeology考古学class and we spent a lot time on, studying ways to date things. One technique I remember was using the location of an object to date it, like how deep it was buried.Professor That would be Stratigraphy地层学；地层情况. Stratigraphy is used for dating portable art. When archaeologist s are digging at a site, they make very careful notes about which stratum岩层、地层( strata ), which layer of earth they find things in. And, you know, the general rule is that the oldest layers are at the lowest level. But this only works if the site hasn’t been touched, and the layers are intact完整无缺的；未经触动的；未受损伤的. A problem with this dating method is that an object could have been carried around, used for several generations before it was discard ed. So it might be much older than the layer or even the site where it was found. The stratification层化、成层technique gives us the minimum age of an object, which isn’t necessarilly its true age. Tom, in your archaeology class, did you talk about radiocarbon dating放射性碳年代测定法?Tom Yeah, we did. That had to do with chemical analysis, something to do with measuring the amount of radiocarbon放射性碳、碳的放射性同位元素that’s left in organic stuff. Because we know how fast radiocarbon decay s, we can figure out the age of the organic material.Professor The key word there is organic. Is art made of organic material?Tom Well, you said the lady with the hood was carved out of ivory. That ’s organic.Professor Absolutely. Any other examples?Amy Well, when they did those cave drawings. Didn’t they use, like chacoal or maybe colors, dye s made from plants? Professor Fortunately, they did, at least some of the time. So it turns out that radiocarbon dating works for a lot of prehistoric art. But again there’s a problem. This technique destroys what it analyzes, so you have to chip off bits of the object for testing. Obviously we are reluctant to do that in some cases. And apart from that, there’s another problems. The date tells you the age of the material, say, a bone or a tree, the object is made from, but not the date when the artist actually created it. So, with radiocarbon dating, we get the maximum possible age for the object, but it could be younger. Ok, let’ s say our scientific analysis has produced an age range. Can we narrow it down?Amy Could we look for similar styles or motives? You know, try to find things common to one time period.Professor We do that all the time. And when we see similiarities in pieces of art, we assume some connection in time or place. But is it possible that we could be imposing our own values on that analysis?Tom I am sorry. I don’t get your point.Professor Well, we have all kinds of pre-conceived ideas about how artistic styles develop. For example, a lot of people think the presence of details demonstrates that the work was done by a more sophisticated artist. While a lack of detail suggests a primitive style. But trends in art in the last century or so certainly challenge that idea. Don’t get me wrong though, analyzing the styles of prehistoric art can help dating them. But we need to be careful with the idea that artistic development occurs in a straight line, from simple to complex representations.Amy What you are saying is, I mean, I get the feeling that this is like a legal process, like building a legal case, the more pieces of evidence we have, the closer we get to the truth.Professor Great analogy. And now you can see why we don’t have an exact date for our sculpture, the lady with the hood.Lecture 2-Environmental Science ( Milankovitch Hypothesis )Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in an environmental science class.Professor Ok, so we have been talking about theories that deal with the effects of human activity on the climate. But today I’d like to talk a little bit about other theorie s that can explain variations in climate. And one of the best-known is called the Milankovitch Hypothesis.Now what the Milankovitch Hypothesis is about? It says that variations in earth’s movements, specifically in its orbit around the sun, these variations lead to differences in the amount of solar energy that reaches the earth. And it is these differences in the amount of energy that’s reaching earth from the sun, it is what causes variations in earth’s climate. Ok, a lot of people think of earth’s orbit around the sun as being perfectly circular圆形的、环形的、循环的, as smooth and as regular as, say, the way that hands move on a well -made watch, but it just doesn’t work that way. You are probably aware that the earth’s orbit around the sun, it is not shaped like a perfect circle. It is more of an oval椭圆形的, it is elliptical椭圆形的. But the shape of this orbit isn’t consistent, it varies over time, over a period of about a thousand years. Sometimes it is a little more circular, sometimes it is more elliptical. An d when earth’s orbit is more elliptical, earth is actually closer to the sun during part of the year. Which makes earth, and in particular, the northern hemisphere, warmer. And why is that important? well, because most of the planet’s glaciers are in the n orthern hemisphere, and if it gets too warm, then glaciers will stop forming. And we’ve already talked about how that affects earth’s overall temperature.The second movement involved in the hypothesis has to do with axial tilt. The tilt of earth’s axis, that imaginery pole that runs through the center of the earth. And depending on the angle it tilts at, the seasons can be more or less severe. It makes winters cooler and summers warmer, or what some might say it is doing now, it makes summers less hot, and more importantly, the winters less cold. Which just like what I mentioned before, can also stop, prevent glaciers from forming, or cause them to melt.There is a third movement the hypothesis covers called precession运动. Precession, basically is the change in the direction of earth’s axis of rotation转动轴. It will take me a million years to explain even just the basics of thismovement as precession is quite complex. And all these details are way beyond our scope. What’s important for you to understand is that these three movements, well, they are cyclical轮转的、循环的, and they work together to form, to produce complex but regular variation s变化、变动in earth’s climate, and lead to the growth or decline of glaciers. Now, when Milankovitch first propose d this theory in the 1920s, many of his colleague s were skeptical怀疑性的、好怀疑的. Milankovitch didn’t have any proof. Actually there wouldn’t be any evidence to support his hypothesis until the 1970s, when oceanographer s海洋学家were able to drill deep into the seafloor and collect samples, samples which were then analyzed by geologist s. And from these samples they were able to put together a history of ocean temperatures going back hundreds of thousands of years, and this showed that earth’s climate had changed pretty much the way Milankovitch’s hypothesis suggested it would. So this evidence was pretty strong support for the Milankovitch Hypothesis. And by the 1980s, most people accepted this theory.However, in the late 1980s, some scientists were exploring Devil’s Hole, which is basically an extensive water-filled cave, far from the ocean, in Nevada2, in the western United States. Over millions of years, groundwater left deposits of a mineral called calcite3方解石, on the rock within Devil’s Hole. And by studying these calcite deposits, we can determine the climate conditions, the temperatures over the last half million years. Well, the Devil’s Hole findings contradict ed the ones obtained during the 1970s, so basically the question was, were the ages of one or both the samples were wrong, or were scientists misunderstanding the significance of the evidence.Well, in the 1990s, a new study was done on the two samples. And the ocean floor samples were found to be correct, as were the samples from Devil’s Hole. And now it is generally believed that the sample from Devil’s Hole correspond to相当于variations in local climate, in the western United States, rather than global climate changes.Conversation 2Narrator Listen to a conversation between a student and a food service manager.Student Excuse me, Mrs. Hanson. My name is John, John Grant. I work as a waiter in the campus dining hall, in the faculty dining room.Manager What can I do for you, John?Student Well, I work week nights, except for Friday. I was wondering if I could switch from working the dinner service to working at lunch.Manager That’s going to be a problem. I am afraid we don’t have any opening s at lunch time. A lot of students want to work then, so it is really rare for us to have an open spot at that time of day.Student Oh, you see, I have joined this group, the University Jazz Band爵士乐队, and the band’s practice time is right around dinner time. You know, it is so hard to get into this group, I must have audition ed试听、试音like ten times since I have been at the school, so I am ... Anyway, so I was really hoping to have the dinner hour free so I can go to practice. Manager Well, we do have other open times, like breakfast.Student Eh, that won’t work, I am sorry.I mean that, I can’t work that early. I have this very important music class Igot to take, and it is like, first thing in the morning.Manager Well, if you don’t mind working in the kitchen, we’ve got some pretty flexible hour s for students doing food-prep work, anything from early morning to late afternoon.Student What’s prep work?Manager You prepare food for the cooks. You know, like cutting up vegetables for soup, or cleaning greens for salads. Student Oh, that doesn’t sound, I mean... Bein g a waiter, I get to see a lot of the professors, like in a different light, we joke around a little you know. In the classroom, they always have to be pretty formal, but ...Manager Well, the money is no different since we pay students the same amount for any of the jobs here in food service, so it’s up to you.Student Oh, man. I always thought that sacrificing for为…而牺牲my art, that’d mean working long hours as a musician for, like, no money. I didn’t think it’d mean, peeling carrots.Manager Let me see, I am offering you something that has the hours you want, it is right here on campus, and you make as much money as you did being a waiter, quite a sacrifice.Student I am sorry, I know you are just trying to help. I guess I should look into the food-prep job.Manager Ok, then, I’ll tell the kitchen manager that you will stop by tomorrow to talk about the job and schedule your hours. And I will let the dining hall manager know that he needs to find a new waiter for the evening.Student Oh, ok, I guess that’s it. Thanks, Mrs. Hanson.Lecture 3-History(Ancient Egyptian Calendar)Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in a history class. The professor has been discussing ancient Egypt.Professor Ok, so one of the challenges that faced ancient civilization s like Egypt was timekeeping, calendar s日历、月历. When you have to grow food for whole cities of people, it is important to plant your crops at the right time. And when you start having financial obligations, rents, taxes, you have to keep track of how often you pay. So today we will look at how the Egyptian s adressed these problems. In fact, they ended up using two calendars, one to keep track of the natural world, or their agriculture concerns, and another one, that was used to keep track of the business functions of the Kingdom. So let’s take a look at the hows and whys of one ancient Egyptian calendar system, starti ng with the Nile River. Why the Nile? Well, there’s no other way to put it. Egyptian life basically revolve d around the mysterious rise and fall of the river. The success of their agriculture system depended upon them knowing when the river would change. So, naturally, their first calendar was divided up into three seasons, each based on the river’s changes: inundation淹没、泛滥, subsidence沉淀、陷没、下沉and harvest.The first season was the flooding, or inundation, when the Nile valley was essentially submerge d in water for a few months or so. And afterwards during the season of subsidence, the water would subside, or recede, revealing a new layer of fertile black silt淤泥and allowing for the planting of various crops. And finally the time of the year would arrive when the valley would produce crops, such as wheat, barley大麦, fruit, all ready to harvest. Ok, so it was important to the ancient Egyptians to know when their Nile based seasons would occur, their way of life depended upon it.Now, the way they used to count time was based on the phases of the moon月相, which, regularly and predictably, goes through a cycle, starting with a new moon, then to a full moon, and back again to the new moon. Now this cycle wes then used to determine the length of their month. So, um, one lunar cycle月运周期was one Egyptian month, and about four of the months would constitute a season. Now, 12 of these months was an approximately 354-day year. So they had a 354-day agricultural calendar that was designed to help them determine when the Nile would inundate淹没、（洪水般地）涌来、充满the land.Well, of course it had to be more complicated than that. The average amount of time between floodings wasn’t actually 354 days. I mean, although it varies, the average was clearly longer than 354 days. So how did they keep this short calendar in step with the actual flooding of the Nile?Well, their astronomer s had discovered that at a certain time of year the brightest star, Sirius天狼星, would disappear. Actually, it’d be hidden in the glare of the Sun. And then, a couple of months later, one morning in the eartern sky just before dawn, Sirius would reappear. And it happened regularly, about every 365 days. Even more significantly, the reappearance of Sirius would occur around the same time as the Nile’s flooding. And this annual event is called a heliacal太阳的；和太阳同时或几乎同时出没的rising4.The heliacal rising was a fair indicator of when the Nile would flood. The next new moon, after the heliacal rising of Sirius, which happened in the last month of the calendar year, marked the New Year. And because the ancient Egyptians were using the lunar cycle in combination with this heliacal rising, some years ended up having 12 lunar months, while others had 13 lunar calender阴历months, if Sirius didn’t rise in the 12th month.Even though the length of the agricultural calendar still fluctuate d, with some years having 12 months and others having 13, it ended up being much more reliable than it was before. They continually adjusted it to the heliacal rising of Sirius, ensuring that they never got too far off in their seasons. This new calendar was ideal, because, well, it worked well for agricultural purposes as well as for knowing when to have traditional religious festivals. So, that was their first calendar. But was it any way to run a government? They didn’t think so. For administrative purposes, it was very inconvenient to have years of different lengths. So another calendar was introduced, an administrative one. Probably soon after 3,000 BC, they declared a 365-day year, with 12 months per year, with exactly 30 days each month, with an extra 5 days at the end of each year. This administrative calendar existed alongside the earlier agricultural and religious calendar that depended on the heliacal rising of Sirius. This administrative calendar was much easier to use for things like scheduling taxes and other things that had to be paid on time. Over time, the calendar got out of step with seasons and the flooding of the Nile, but for bureaucratic purposes, they didn’t mind.Lecture 4-Biology(Octopus)Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.ProfessorOk, now I want to talk about an animal that has a fascinating set of defense mechanism s. And that’s the octopus章鱼, one of the unusual creatures that live in the sea. The octopus is prey被捕食的动物、猎物、牺牲品to many species,including humans, so how does it escape its predators?Well, let me back up here a second. Anyone ever heard of Proteus? Proteus希腊海神；多变的人was a God in Greek mythology who could change form. He could make himself look like a lion or a stone or a tree, anything you wanted, and he could go through a whole series of changes very quickly.Well, the octopus is the real world version of Proteus. Just like Proteus, the octopus can go through all kinds of incredible transformation s. And it does this in three ways: by changing color, by changing its texture, and by changing its size and shape. For me, the most fascinating transformation is when it changes its color. It’s a normal skin color, the one it generally presents, is either red or brown or even grey, and it ’s speckled有斑点的with dark spot s. But when it wants to blend in with its environment to hide from its enemies, it can take on the color of its immediate目前的、当前的；直接的；最接近的surroundings: the ocean floor, a rock, a piece of coral珊瑚, whatever. Charles?Student Do we know how that works, I mean, how they change colors?ProfessorWell, we know that the reaction that takes place is not chemical in nature. The color changes are execute d by two different kinds of cells in the octopus’ skin, mainly by color cell s on the skin’s surface call chromatophore s色素胞、色素体.Chromatophores consist of tiny sack s filled with color dye. There might be a couple hundred of these color sacks per square millimeter of the octopus’ skin, and depending on the species, they can come in as many as five different colors. Each one of these sacks is controlled by muscles. If the muscles are relaxed, the sack shrinks, and all you see is a little white point. But if the muscle’s contract, then the sack expands, and you can see the colors. And by expanding different combinations.Student And just with various combinations of those five colors, they can recreate any color in their environment? ProfessorWell, they can no doubt create a lot with just those five colors, but you are right, maybe they can’t mimic every color around them, so that’s where the second kind of cell comes in.Just below the chromatophores is a layer of cells that reflect light from the environment, and these cells help the octopus create a precise match with the colors that surround them. The colors from the color sacks are supplemented with colors that are reflected from the environment, and that’s how they are able to mimic colors with such precision. So, that’s how octopus mimic colors.But they don’t just mimic the colors in their environment; they can alos mimic the texture of objects in their environment. They have these little projections on their skin that allow them to resemble various textures. The projections are called papillae. If the octopus wants to have a rough texture, it raises the papillae. If it wants to have a smooth texture, it flattens out the papillae, so it can acquire a smooth texture to blend in with the sandy bottom of the sea.So the octopus has the ability to mimic both the color and the texture of its environment. And it’s truly amazing how well it can blend in with its surroundings. You can easily swim within a few feet of an octopus and never see it.Student I read that they often hide from predators by squirting out a cloud of ink, or something like that.ProfessorYes. The octopus can release a cloud of ink if it feels threatened. But it doesn’t hide behind it, as is generall y believed. Um, the ink cloud is ... it serves to distract a predator while the octopus makes its escape.Um, now there’s a third way that octopus can transform themselves to blend in with or mimic their environment, and that’s by changing their shape a nd size, well, at least their apparent size.The muscular system of the octopus enables it to be very flexible to assume all sorts of shapes and postures. So it can contract into the shape of a little round stone, and sit perfectly still on the seafloor. Or it can nestle up in the middle of a plant and take the shape of one of the leaves. Even Proteus would be impressed, I think.新托福综合写作高分十大句型十大经典句型博得新托福综合写作高分第一，定语从句。
2021年托福听力模拟试题及答案(卷十七)
2021年托福听力模拟试题及答案（卷十七）THE QUEEN ANNE HOUSEThe house style that dominated American housing during the 1880s and 1890s was known as Queen Anne, a curious name for an American style. The name was, in fact, a historical accident, originating with fashionable architects in Victorian England who coined it with apparently no reason other than its pleasing sound. The Queen Anne style was loosely based on medieval structures built long before 1702, the beginning year of Queen Anne’s reign.A distinctive characteristic found in most Queen Anne houses is the unusual roof shape --- a steeply pitched, hipped central portion with protruding lower front and side extensions that end in gables. It is often possible to spot these distinctive roof forms from several blocks away. Another feature of this style is the detailing, shown in the wood shingle siding cut into fanciful decorative patterns of scallops, curves, diamonds, or triangles. Queen Anne houses are almost always asymmetrical. If you draw an imaginary line down the middle of one, you will see how drastically different the right and left sides are, all the way from ground level to roof peak. A final characteristic is the inviting wraparound porch that includes the front door area and then extends around to either the right or left side of the house.Queen Anne houses faded from fashion early in the twentiethcentury as the public’s taste shifted toward the more modern Prairie and Craftsman style houses. Today, however, Queen Anne houses are favorite symbols of the past, painstakingly and lovingly restored by old-house buffs and reproduced by builders who give faithful attention to the distinctive shapes and detailing that were first popularized more than one hundred years ago.1. Why does the author use the word curious in describing the name of an American style?A.The style was invented before Queen Anne’s reign.B.The name was accidentally misspelled.C.The style was more popular in Victorian England.D.The name did not originate in American.2. The word it in paragraph 1 refers toA. styleB. nameC. accidentD. England3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a characteristic feature of Queen Anne houses?A. decorative windowsB. wood shingle exterior wallsC. large porchD. steeply pitched roof4. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the Queen Anne style?A. the Queen Anne style combined several other styles.B. the Queen Anne style had to be built in the city.C. the Queen Anne style was elaborate and ornate.D. the Queen Anne style was not very popular.5. The word buffs in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning toA. expertsB. sellersC. criticsD. painters6. Can you predict the main element which the architects will concern for next generation of house style? Write an essay to give your opinions.答案：1.D2.B3.A4.C5.ASports CommentaryOne of the most interesting and distinctive of all uses of language is commentary. An oral reporting of ongoing activity, commentary is used in such public arenas as political ceremonies, parades, funerals, fashion shows and cooking demonstrations. The most frequently occurring typeof commentary may be that connected with sports and games. In sports there are two kinds of commentary, and both are often used for the same sporting event. “play-by-play”commentary narrates the sports event, while “color –adding”or “color”commentary provides the audience with pre-event background, during-event interpretation, and post-event evaluation. Color commentary is usually conversational in style and can be a dialogue with two or more commentators.Play-by-play commentary is of interest to linguists because it is unlike other kinds of narrative, which are typically reported in past tense. Play-by-play commentary is reported in present tense. Some examples are “he takes the lead by four”and “she’s in position.”One linguist characterizes radio play-by-play commentary as “a monologue directed at an unknown, unseen mass audience who voluntarily choose to listen…and provide no feedback to the speaker.”It is these characteristics that make this kind of commentary unlike any other type of speech situation.The chief feature of play-by-play commentary is a highly formulaic style of presentation. There is distinctive grammar not only in the use of the present tense but also in the omission of certain elements of sentence structure. For example “Smith in close”eliminates the verb, as some newspaper headlines do. Another example is inverted word order, as in “over at third is Johnson.”Play-by-play commentary is veryfluent, keeping up with the pace of the action. The rate is steady and there is little silence. The structure of the commentary is cyclical, reflecting the way most games consist of recurring sequences of short activities---as in tennis and baseball---or a limited number of activity options---as in the various kinds of football. In racing, the structure is even simpler, with the commentator informing the listener of the varying order of the competitors in a “state of play”summary, which is crucial for listeners or viewers who have just tuned in.1.Which of the following statements is true of color commentary?A.It narrates the action of the event in real time, using the present tense.B.It is a monologue given to an audience that does not respond to the speaker.C.It is steady and fluent because it must keep up with the action of the event.D.It gives background on the event, and interprets and evaluates the event.2.Why does the author quote a linguist in paragraph 2?A.To describe the uniqueness of radio play-by-playB.To show how technical sports commentary isC.To give examples of play-by-play commentaryD.To criticize past trends in sports commentary3.It can be inferred from the passage that the author most likely agrees with which of the following statements about sports commentary?A.Color commentary is more important than play-by-play commentaryB.Sports commentators do not need special knowledge of the sport.mentary enhances the excitement and enjoyment of sports.D.Sports commentators should work hard to improve their grammar.答案:1. D2. A3.C1. All the major cities of the United States，________ the cities of the Great Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico，began as centers of trade.A. and to includeB. which includingC. includedD. including答案：D分析：两个逗号之间是插入语，这里分词作状语，不能用谓语动词。
TPO17 写作
TPO 17 综合写作While the reading passage contends that the number of birds will necessarily decline, the lecturer maintains that the trend will by no means continue by casting doubt on the effect of expansion of human settlements, agriculture areas and chemicals usage the reading refers to.To start with, the lecturer disprove the idea that human settlement expansion will result in the decrease of bird s’ population. He challenges it by pointing out that urban areas, which may provide some special food, can also be very suitable for some birds to live in. As a result, despite declining in some types of birds, other kinds’population may be enlarged, which has been complained by residents in cities.Furthermore, the lecturer put forwards the hypothesis regarding the agricultural expansion. Contrary to the claim that agricultural area must increase for the growth of human population, the lecturer argues that in US, agriculture occupies less and less area, as some new crops have been invented to produce more food on the same area.Finally, it seems too specious to the lecturer that chemicals like pesticides will continue harm the birds. In fact, human beings have been aware of the problem and at the same time, environment-friendly pesticides and new type of crops which maybe no more attractive to insects will get popular and decrease the usage of traditional pesticide, thereby prevent birds from being harmed.独立写作At present, the fierce competition in the product markets enhance the significance of the advertisement. However, as is often reported by the mass media, a growing number of advertisements tend to make their products seem much better than they really are. Obviously, it is the profit that the advertisements could bring makes the advertisers to use such exaggerations.First and foremost, the principal purpose of advertisements is to attract as many consumers to purchase their products as possible. Therefore, advertisement is regarded as a efficient method to get public attention. More concentration on the products will probably be helpful to increase the product selling. Diverse methods are maneuvered in advertisements to make it a lure to the potential consumers, such as presenting attractive and eye-catching pictures of the product or inviting some stars to act as their representatives of the products, which could also achieve their goal to attract more consumers.Secondly, advertisers tend to cover the shortage of their products. For example, when we wandering in the mall to choose a cell phone for ourselves. Various advertisements surrounding us may just provide us the information about the advantages and merits of the products but omit their disadvantages. After purchasing the cell phone, we might find it may not be as perfect as the advertisements claim. It is the advertisements that play an important role to persuade us into purchasing the certain type of the product. They cover their drawbacks to boost their sale.Admittedly, some advertisements stick to the principle to tell the consumers the true and actual information about their products. Advertisements have played a fairly important essential and crucial part in our life, they bring numerous convenience and make our lives easier. But the trend to make advertisements with exaggeration is gain its popularity. We should be aware of the seriousness that increasing number of advertisements are losing their credit.。
TPO17综合写作
The lecturer presents three reasons to cast doubt on the argument which is stated in the reading material concerning whether the steady growth of the human population and the corresponding increase in agriculture and pesticide use have caused much harm to wildlife, especially birds.First of all, the lecturer admits urban development has bad effect on birds’population, which is also believed by the writer. However, she further points out that urban growth has provided more space for other species. Also, another reason, which cannot be ignored, is that more dwellers in the cities are now complaining about the large amount of birds. Some dangerous birds, such as hawks and falcons are being seen in cities, causing the deaths of rodents and pigeons. As a result we can know that one specie’s decrease can cause the increase of another specie. Furthermore, the speaker challenges the second point in the reading regarding agriculture development will occupy more habitats of birds and indirectly cause the decline of bird population. She says about that the land of agriculture in the United States is becoming less and less. The fast development of technology is manufacturing more new crops which can produce more food in every unit space. Making it possible more space can be spare for the wildlife.Finally, the passage mentions that the wide use of poisonous pesticide may cause terrible consequences, which can kill birds or prevent them from producing next generations. On the other hand, the listeningmaterial suggests that at present new pesticide, containing less toxic is replacing traditional pesticide. Otherwise, crops which can resist pest are pushing ahead with by many scientists. They are sure to do no harm to birds and other wildlife.。
托福TPO17综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文
¡¡¡¡ÎªÁË°ïÖú´ó¼Ò¸ßЧ±¸¿¼Íи££¬Îª´ó¼Ò´øÀ´Íи£TPO17×ÛºÏд×÷ÔĶÁÔ-ÎÄ+ÌýÁ¦Ô-ÎÄ+Âú·Ö·¶ÎÄ£¬Ï£Íû¶Ô´ó¼Ò±¸¿¼ÓÐËù°ïÖú¡£¡¡¡¡Íи£TPO17×ÛºÏд×÷ÔĶÁÔ-ÎÄÎı¾£º¡¡¡¡In the past century, the steady growth of the human population and the corresponding increase in agriculture and pesticide use have caused much harm to wildlife in the United States,birds in particular. Unfortunately for birds, these trends are likely to continue, with the result that the number of birds in the United States will necessarily decline. First, as human populations and settlements continue to expand, birds' natural habitats will continue to disappear. Forests, wetlands, and grasslands will give way to ever more homes, malls, and offices. As the traditional areas suitable for birds keep decreasing, so will the size of the bird populations that depend on those vanishing habitats. Second, agricultural activities must increase to keep pace with the growing human population. The growth of agriculture will also result in the further destruction of bird habitats as more and more wilderness areas are converted to agricultural use. As a result, bird populations in rural areas will continue to decline. Third, as human settlements expand and agriculture increases, the use ofchemical pesticides will also increase. Pesticides are poisons designed to kill agricultural and home garden pests, such as insects, but inevitably, pesticides get into the water and into the food chain for birds where they can harm birds. Birds that eat the poisoned insects or drink contaminated water can die as a result, and even if pesticides do not kill birds outright, they can prevent them from reproducing successfully. So pesticides have significantly contributed to declines in bird population, and because there will continue to be a need to control agricultural pests in the future, this decline will continue.¡¡¡¡Íи£TPO17×ÛºÏд×÷ÌýÁ¦Ô-ÎÄÎı¾£º¡¡¡¡The passage claims that there will be fewer and fewer birds, but the arguments used to support this claim are unconvincing.First, it's true that urban growth has been bad for some types of birds, but urban development actually provides better and larger habitats for other types, so much so that city and suburban dwellers often complain about increased birds populations, seagulls at landfills, pigeons on the streets and so on. Even birds like hawks and falcons can now be found in cities, where they prey on the increasing populations of pigeons and rodents. Soit's not going to be a story of uniform decline of bird populations in the future. Some populations may shrink, but others will grow.As for agriculture, it's true that it too will increase in the future, but not in the way assumed by the reading passage. The truth is, in the United States, less and less land is being used for agriculture every year. Increasing in agricultural production have resulted from and will continue to result from the introduction of new, more productive varieties of crops. These new crops produce more food per unit of land, and as a result, there's no need to destroy wilderness areas.And third, while it's certainly true that traditional pesticideshave been destructive to birds, it's incorrect to project this history into the future. Now that people are aware of the possible consequences of traditional pesticides, two changes have occurred. First, new and much less toxic pesticides have been developed, and that's important. Second, and perhaps more importantly there is a growing trend to develop more pest resistant crops, crops that are genetically designedto be unattractive to pests. Pest resistant crops greatly reduce the need for chemical pesticides. And best of all, pest resistant crops don't harm birds at all.¡¡¡¡Íи£TPO17×ÛºÏд×÷Âú·Ö·¶ÎÄ1£º¡¡¡¡In the lecture, the professor claims that the problem indicated by the reading passage is unreliable. She then offers some evidence to contradict the point that the population of birds will decline. On one hand, the professor claims that it is true that the growing population of human being and the expanding settlement of human can reduce the natural habitat for birds. However, she indicates that urbanization may increase the population of some kinds of birds, such as pigeons and sea gulls.It is not possible for the population of all birds to decline as the reading passage asserts. On the other hand, the professor says that it is true more agriculture will be in need. However, human now increase the agriculture by introducing more productive plants instead of putting more lands into use for agriculture. Thus, it will not make the number of natural habitat decrease. In addition, the professor indicates that nowadays people are aware of the negative effects of traditional pesticide. In modern society, people invent new kind of less toxic pesticide and pest resistant crops to avoid pest without harming the environment. Therefore, it is less likely that the population of birds will be affected by traditional pesticide.¡¡¡¡Íи£TPO17×ÛºÏд×÷Âú·Ö·¶ÎÄ2£º¡¡¡¡The reading passage claims that the number of birds in the US will definitely decline. Yet the professor argues that bird population will not shrink due to increasein human population, agriculture, and pesticide use as suggested by the author. First, the professor points out that urban growth, while harmful to some types of birds, could provide habitats for many other types. As a matter of fact, urban and suburban dwellers complain frequently about too many birds. This, however, contradicts the statement in the reading that urban development causes birds to disappear. Second, the professor explains that agricultural develop won¡¯t affect bird populationas the reading illustrates. Newly-introduced and highly productive crops continuously contribute to production enhancement and less land use, making it unnecessary for humans to destroy wilderness areas. Third, while convinced of the harmfulness of pesticide use to birds concluded in the passage, the professor don¡¯t think it willbe a problem in the future, in that people are increasingly aware of this problem, and are therefore developing less toxic pesticides and pest resistant crops as solutions.。
tpo17独立写作范文
tpo17独立写作范文TPO17 Independent Writing Sample。
In today's society, the issue of whether students should be required to wear uniforms to school has been a topic of hot debate. Some people believe that uniforms can promote a sense of equality and discipline, while others argue that they restrict students' freedom of expression. In my opinion, I believe that school uniforms should be mandatory for all students.First and foremost, school uniforms can help to create a sense of equality among students. When everyone is dressed in the same attire, it eliminates the pressure to wear expensive or fashionable clothes. This can help to reduce the socioeconomic disparities that may exist among students. Additionally, uniforms can also help to reduce the prevalence of bullying and teasing based on clothing choices, as everyone is dressed in the same way.Furthermore, school uniforms can promote a sense of discipline and focus among students. When students are dressed in a uniform, it creates a sense of belonging to a larger community. This can help to foster a more serious and studious atmosphere within the school environment. In addition, uniforms can also help to minimize distractions, as students are not focused on their appearance or comparing their outfits with others.Moreover, school uniforms can help to improve the overall safety and security of the school. With uniforms, it is easier for school staff to identify intruders or individuals who do not belong on campus. This can help to create a safer learning environment for all students. Additionally, uniforms can also help to reduce the risk of gang-related activities and conflicts, as it is more difficult for students to display gang colors or symbols.In conclusion, I firmly believe that school uniforms should be mandatory for all students. Not only do they promote a sense of equality and discipline, but they also contribute to a safer and more focused learning environment. By implementing schooluniforms, schools can help to create a more inclusive and secure environment for all students.。
托福TPO17口语Task3阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO17口语Task3阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO17口语Task3阅读文本： New Library Workspaces Say good-bye to the big, multiperson study tables in Turner library. This summer, the tables will be exchanged for new personal study cubicles—small, one-person desks enclosed by walls. These new units will allow students to have privacy and work in isolation and will therefore eliminate noise in the library so students can concentrate. Additionally, the cubicles will enable the library to accommodate the recent increase in the number of students attending our university. Although the current tables seat six students each, they make poor use of available floor space. The cubicles, on the other hand, are designed for maximum space efficiency, and the library can therefore add 50 new seats. 托福TPO17口语Task3听力文本： Now listen to two students discussing the announcement. (man) They’re making a mistake. (woman) What do you mean? (man) Look, They’re trying to do away with distractions so that we can study better. But with this change, we won’t have anywhere in the library to get together to work on group projects. (woman) True. Group project work is common these days.(man) So, instead of buying these new units. They should use the money to build meeting rooms, and that would reduce any noise in the main library areas. (woman) Yeah, that’s what we could really use. There’s just not as much need to work in isolation. (man) Exactly. And the other thing is, what’s this about overcrowding? Well, sure we have more students enrolled in the university this year, but do we really have a problem with overcrowding? (woman) I don’t think so. I always get a whole table to myself. (man) Right. I see empty tables there all the time. It’ll just be a waste of money to replace what we have. Since what we have now is sufficient for the amountof students that use the library. 托福TPO17口语Task3题目： The man expresses his opinion about the upcoming change. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion. 托福TPO17口语Task3满分范文： The man disagrees with the upcoming change for two main reasons. First of all, he believes the students would have nowhere to get together for their group projects in the library, so he figures that the money should be spent on building meeting rooms instead of buying new units to reduce the noise in the main library area. Besides, he thinks that there is no such problem as overcrowding. He says there are empty tables all the time in the library even when the university enrolls in more students, and therefore replacing the tables would be a waste of money, since there is quite sufficient room for the students who use the library. So the man thinks that the upcoming change is quite a mistake. (127 words) 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO17口语Task3阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
TPO17 Lecture听力填空练习
TPO 17 ListeningThe passage clams that there will be fewer and fewer birds, the arguments used to support this claim .First, it’s true that urban growth has been bad for some types of birds, but urban development actually for , so much so that city and suburban dwellers often complain about —seagulls at landfills, pigeons on the streets and so on. Even birds like hawks and falcons can now be found in cities, where they prey on the increasing populations of pigeons and rodents. So it’s not going to be a story of uniform decline of bird populations in the future. Some populations may , but others will .As for agriculture, it’s true that it too will increase in the future, but not in the way assumed by the reading passage. The truth is, in the United States, is being used for agriculture every year. have resulted from and will continue to result from the introduction of new, of crops. These new crops produce more food per unit of land, and as a result, there’s no need to .And third, while it’s certainly true that traditional pesticides have been destructive to birds, it’s incorrect to . Now that people are aware of the possible consequences of traditional pesticides, have occurred. First,have been developed, and that’s important. Second, and perhaps more importantly there is a growing trend to develop ,crops that are genetically designed to be unattractive to pests. Pest resistant crops greatly reduce the need for chemical pesticides. And best of all, pest resistant crops don’t at all.。
托福TPO：TPO-17 Lecture 2 环境科学
托福TPO：TPO-17 Lecture 2 环境科学However, in the late 1980s, some scientists wereexploring Devil's Hole, which is basically an extensivewater-filled cave, far from the ocean, in Nevada, in the western United States. Over millions of years, groundwaterleft deposits of a mineral called calcite, on the rock within Devil's Hole. And by studying these calcite deposits, we can determine the climate conditions, the temperatures over thelast half million years. Well, the Devil's Hole findings contradicted the ones obtained during the 1970s, so basically the question was, were the ages of one or both the samples were wrong, or were scientists misunderstanding the significance of the evidence. Well, in the 1990s, a new study was done on the two samples. And the ocean floor samples were found to be correct, as were the samples from Devil's Hole. And now it's generally believed that the samples from Devil's Hole correspond to variations in local climate, in thewestern United States, rather than global climate changes.不过，在 20 世纪 80 年代后期，一些科学家探索位了于圣海伦娜的充满了水的大洞穴，其地理位置在美国西部的，远离内华达的海洋。
托福强化听力-找工作
!Practice one: TPO 17 conversation 2!⽣生词栏：Script:!!!Listen to a conversation between a student and a food service manager. !!Student !Excuse me, Mrs. Hanson. My name is John, John Grant. I work as a waiterin the campus dining hall, in the faculty dining room. !!Manager !What can I do for you, John? !!Student !Well, I work week nights, except for Friday. I was wondering if I couldswitch from working the dinner service to working at lunch. !!Manager !That’s going to be a problem. I am afraid we don’t have any openings atlunch time. A lot of students want to work then, so it is really rare for us tohave an open spot at that time of day. !!Student !Oh, you see, I have joined this group, the University Jazz Band, and theband’s practice time is right around dinner time. You know, it is so hard to getinto this group, I must have auditioned like ten times since I have been atthe school, so I am ... Anyway, so I was really hoping to have the dinnerhour free so I can go to practice. !!Manager !Well, we do have other open times, like breakfast. !!Student !Eh, that won’t work, I am sorry. I mean that, I can’t work that early. I havethis very important music class I got to take, and it is like, first thing in themorning. !!!Manager !Well, if you don’t mind working in the kitchen, we’ve got some pretty flexiblehours for students doing food-prep work, anything from early morning to late afternoon. !!Student !What’s prep work? !!Manager !You prepare food for the cooks. You know, like cutting up vegetables forsoup, or cleaning greens for salads. !TPO 17 conversation2!!⽣生词栏：Script ：!!!Student !Oh, that doesn’t sound, I mean... Being a waiter, I get to see a lot of theprofessors, !like in a different light, we joke around a little you know. In the classroom, they !always have to be pretty formal, but ... !!Manager !Well, the money is no different since we pay students the same amount forany of !the jobs here in food service, so it’s up to you. !!Student !Oh, man. I always thought that sacrificing for my art, that’d mean working longhours !as a musician for, like, no money. I didn’t think it’d mean, peeling carrots. !!Manager !Let me see, I am offering you something that has the hours you want, it isright here !on campus, and you make as much money as you did being a waiter, quite asacrifice. !!Student !I am sorry, I know you are just trying to help. I guess I should look into thefood-prep !job.!!!Manager !Ok, then, I’ll tell the kitchen manager that you will stop by tomorrow to talkabout !the job and schedule your hours. And I will let the dining hall manager knowthat he !needs to find a new waiter for the evening. !!Student !Oh, ok, I guess that’ s it. Thanks, Mrs. Hanson. !!Practice Two: TPO 6 conversation 1!Script ：!Narrator!Listen to a conversation between a student and an employee in the university’s career services office.!Student!Hi, do you have a minute?!!Employee!Sure, how can I help you?!!Student!I have a couple of questions about the career fair next week.!!Employee!OK, shoot.!!Student!Um ...well, are seniors the only ones who can go? I mean, you know, they are finishing school this year and getting their degrees and everything. And, well,it seems like businesses would wanna talk to them and not first year students like me.!!Employee!No, no, the career fair is opened to all our students and we encourageanyone who’s interested to go check it out.!!Student!Well, that’s good to know.!!Employee!You’ve seen the flyers and posters around campus, I assume.!!Student!Sure, can’t miss them. I mean, they all say where and when the fair is, just not who should attend.!!Employee!Actually they do, but it’s in the small print. Uh, we should probably make that part easier to reach, shouldn’t we? I’ll make a note of that right now. So, doyou have any other questions?!!Student!Yes, actually I do now. Um ...since I’d only be going to familiarize myself with the process, you know, check it out, I was wondering if there is anything you would recommend that I do to prepare.!!Employee!That’s actually a very good question. Well, as you know, the career fair is generally an opportunity for local businesses to recruit new employees, andfor soon-to-be graduates to have interviews with several companies.!!TPO 6 conversation 1Script ：!they might be interested in working for. Now, in your case, even though you wouldn’t be looking for employment right now, it still wouldn’t hurt for you to prepare much like you would if you were looking for a job.!!Student!You mean, like get my resume together and wear a suit?!!Employee!That’s a given. I was thinking more along the lines of doing some research. The flyers and posters list all the businesses that are sending representatives to the career fair. Um ...what’s your major or do you to have one yet?!!Student!Well, I haven’t declared a major yet, but I’m strongly considering accounting. See, that’s part of the reason I wanna go to the fair, to help me decide if that’s what I really want to study.!!Employee!That’s very wise. Well, I suggest that you get on the computer and learn more about the accounting companies in particular that would be attending. You can learn a lot about companies from their internet websites. Then prepare a list of questions.!!Student!Questions, hmm… so, in a way, I’ll be interviewing them?!!Employee!That’s one way of looking at it. Think about it for a second. What do you want to know about working for an accounting firm?!!Student!Well, there is the job itself, and salary of course, and working conditions, I mean, would I have an office, or would I work in a big room with a zillion other employees, and…and maybe about opportunities for advancement.!!Employee!See? Those’re all important things to know. After you do some research, you’ll be able to tailor your questions to the particular company you are talking to.! !Student!Wow, I’m glad I came by here. So, it looks like I’ve got some work to do.! !Employee!And if you plan on attending future career fairs, I recommend you sign up for one of our interview workshops.!!Student!I’ll do that.!!。
托福TPO17独立写作题目及范文
智课网TOEFL备考资料托福TPO17独立写作题目及范文摘要：托福TPO17独立写作题目及范文！在托福写作练习过程中，同学们都会把TPO材料中的作文题目作为首选。
下面小编就为同学们介绍托福TPO17独立写作题目及范文之广告的作用，同学们可以参考范文进行练习。
托福 TPO17独立写作题目及范文。
在托福写作练习过程中，同学们都会把TPO材料中的作文题目作为首选。
下面小编就为同学们介绍托福TPO17独立写作题目及范文之广告的作用，同学们可以参考范文进行练习。
托福独立写作题目及范文：广告的作用Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Most advertisements make products seem much better then they really are.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.分类: 独立写作话题: 广告、影视、媒体、交流托福TPO17独立写作范文：Advertising is one of the most useful ways for enterprise to convince their customers of the products. In fact, advertisements should be honest that it contains real information of the product. Meanwhile nowadays advertisement appears to be more misleading and make products better from the appearance.Advertisement seems to make us hard to tell the reality from the fantasy. There is a specific example. When targeted to the young children, enterprises tend to use fantasy themes and characters from fantasy movies to help show offtheir product. Since young children tend not to tell the reality to the fantasy, they will be misled and believe that the product appearing in the advertisement is worth buying. But in fact, the quality of the product will disappoint its buyers. Moreover, nowadays manufacturers tend to ask celebrities to advertise their products. This will also be misleading, too. The celebrities who advertise the product may not use the product at all and he knows nothing about the product. But the audiences tend to believe him since they think the celebrity is always responsible for what he said in a public situation. The celebrity makes this product worth buying, but in fact, it is not as good as the thing appears on the television.Sometimes manufacturers just do not ask any celebrities to help them with advertising. What they do is just to find someone acting as the users of the product. This will be even more misleading since they better convince the audience that the product is of great use, since the audience tends to believe people who have something in common with themselves. On the contrary, the product is not usually so valuable that the audience is cheated by merchants.Under these circumstances, advertisements seem misleading and make people feel better about the product. Although there is possibility that some advertisements are worth believing, at most time advertisement seems to guide us to a wrong direction.以上内容就是小编为同学们介绍的托福TPO17独立写作题目及范文。
托福tpo17综合写作范文
托福TPO17综合写作范文：鸟类数量减少的原因在新托福综合写作中，有的同学语言使用的能力还有一定局限，还要刻意追求句式的复杂化，但这样的后果就是写出来的句子个个都有错，个个都有表达不清。
其实用最好的词表达最多的内容才是最厉害的写作方式，本文为大家整理了一篇新托福综合写作范文，来源于TPO 17。
阅读材料：In the past century, the steady growth of the human population and the corresponding increasing in agriculture and pesticide use have caused much harm to wildlife in the United States – birds in particular. Unfortunately for birds, these trends are likely to continue, with the result that the number of birds in the United States will necessarily decline.在过去的一个世界，人类数量的增加以及随之而来的农业生产的发展和杀虫剂的增加使得很多美国的野生动物受到了影响，而这种问题在鸟类上表现得更为明显。
更加不幸的是，由于人口数量、农业生产和杀虫剂使用的趋势不会改变，美国的鸟类数量将会必然地随之下降。
First, as human populations and settlements continue to expand, birds’ natural habitats will continue to disappear. Forests, wetlands, and grasslands will give way to ever more homes, malls, and offices. As the traditional areas suitable for birds keep decreasing, so will the size of the birds’ populations that depend on those vanishing habitats.首先，随着人口数量和居住面积的不断扩张，鸟类天然的栖息地持续地减少。
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Listening
The passage clams that there will be fewer and fewer birds, but the arguments used to support this claim are unconvincing.
First, it’s true that urban growth has been bad for some types of birds, but urban development actually provides better and larger habitats for other types, so much so that city and suburban dwellers often complain about increased birds populations—seagulls at landfills, pigeons on the streets and so on. Even birds like hawks and falcons can now be found in cities, where they prey on the increasing populations of pigeons and rodents. So it’s not going to be a story of uniform decline of bird populations in the future. Some populations may shrink, but others will grow.
As for agriculture, it’s true that it too will increase in the future, but not in the way assumed by the reading passage. The truth is, in the United States, less and less land is being used for agriculture every year. Increasing in agricultural production have resulted from and will continue to result from the introduction of new, more productive varieties of crops. These new crops produce more food per unit of land, and as a result, there’s no need to destroy wilderness areas.
And third, while it’s certainly true that traditional pesticides have been destruct ive to birds, it’s incorrect to project this history into the future. Now that people are aware of the possible consequences of traditional pesticides, two changes have occurred. First, new and much less toxic pesticides have been developed, and that’s imp ortant. Second, and perhaps more importantly there is a growing trend to develop more pest resistant crops, crops that are genetically designed to be unattractive to pests. Pest resistant crops greatly reduce the need for chemical pesticides. And best of all, pest resistant crops don’t harm birds at all.。