基础油资料1

Introduction to Base Oil基础油介绍

Base oil is the name given to lubrication grade oils initially produced from refining crude oil (minera l base oil) or through chemical synthesis (synthetic base oil). Base oil is typically defined as oil with a boiling point range between 550 and 1050 F, consisting of hydrocarbons with 18 to 40 carbon at oms. This oil can be either paraffinic or naphthenic in nature depending on the chemical structure of the molecules.

润滑油的基础原料被称为基础油，由原油精炼（矿物油）或是通过化学合成（合成油）而制得。基础油是通常的沸点范围在550-1050华氏度（摄氏度约300-550）之间。由18-40个碳原子的碳氢化合物组成。依据自然的分子化学结构划分，它可以是石蜡基或环烷基。

Base stocks are classified into various grades including Neutral, Solvent Neutral, Bright Stocks, Th e most common names are for group I (SN: Solvent Neutral), for group II (N: Neutrals) and group I II grade names refer to the viscosity (4cst, 6cst, 8cst …).

基础油料分成各种不同类别，包括中性油，溶剂中性油，光亮油, 大多数一类油以SN命名，如150SN，500SN，以及150BS，二类油以N命名，如150N，500N,600N，三类油则按粘度命名：如4cst ,6cst,8cst。

UNDERSTANDING BASE OIL认识基础油

Base Oils基础油

Lubricants have been around since ancient times. The Petroleum-based Lubricants business start ed in mid 1800’s. The initial processing was limited to separation by boiling point. Most people kno w the key driver of the production for lubricants are Base Oils.

润滑油大约始于古代。石油类的润滑油贸易开始于19世界中期。最初的通过沸点分离的处理方法是有限的。大多数人都知道这一生产润滑油基础油的关键程序。

Mineral Base Oil

Modern mineral base oils are the result of a long and complex distillation and refining processes. T he feedstock used is crude oil. This substance is not of uniform quality but consists of several thou sands of hydrocarbon compounds in which the elements carbon and hydrogen are present in all m olecules and, in part, are bound to other elements.

现代矿物基础油是一个漫长和复杂的蒸馏和精炼过程的结果。它使用的原料是原油。原油不是单一成份，而是由上千种碳氢化合物组合而成。碳元素和氢元素存在于所有的分子之中，一部分与其它元素相结合。

The hydrocarbons can be divided into three main groups: paraffinic, naphthenic and aromatic. Par affinic hydrocarbons can be further divided into two subgroups: normal paraffinic and iso- paraffinic .Paraffinic hydrocarbons are the best lubricants. The distillation process in the refinery separates the hydrocarbons contained in the crude into cuts based on the molecule size.

碳氢化合物可以分为三种主要的类型：烷烃，环烷烃，芳烃。烷烃可以进一步分为正构烷烃和异构烷烃。烷烃是最好的润滑组分。炼厂的蒸馏过程以分子的尺寸为标准进行切割，使原油中包含的的不同碳氢化合物分离出来。

Furthermore, as many unwanted substances as possible are removed in the process, such as sulp hur, aromatic hydrocarbons, paraffin wax, etc. In other words the mineral oil production process is physical cleaning and the end product is so-called paraffinic base oil.

与此同时，在这个过程中，一些不需要的物质可能被去除掉，比如硫，芳烃，石蜡等等。换句话说，矿物油生产过程是物理清理的过程，最终产品因此被称为石蜡基基础油。

Most of the hydrocarbons in the base oil are paraffinic, but it also contains naphthenic and aromati c molecules. When the finished lubricant, such as motor oil, is made of these, several additive com pounds are used to improve the base oil properties.

基础油中包含的碳氢化合物的部分为烷烃，但是也有环烷烃和芳烃分子。当生产成品润滑油，如发动机油时，若干种复合添加剂被用来提高基础油的特性。

The final outcome can also be so-called naphthenic base oil, where most of the hydrocarbons are naphthenic. Their cold properties are excellent.

如果基础油中大部分碳氢化合物是环烷烃时，基础油称为环烷基基础油，它具有完美低温性能。TYPICAL PROPERTIES EACH BASE OIL GROUPS基础油的分类标准：

Groups of Base oils 基础油的类别

There are five specific categories of base oils. These categories define the type of base stock the oil is formulated from. The categories are as follows..