电动汽车轮边减速器设计与分析

摘要

电动汽车是一种以电能作为动力来源的非轨道承载车辆，因其“节能高效、低碳环保”的突出优势，在我国汽车市场消费中占据相当一部分比例，也正是如此，围绕电动汽车进行的研究变得炙手可热。对于电动汽车而言，轮边驱动技术是传动系统的核心要素，基本特点是电动机输出的动力经过中间传动机构传到轮边减速器，轮边减速器对驱动力进行调节，以实现减速增扭的目的，因此这一技术在重型机械、矿山车辆、载货汽车等车辆上广泛应用。

本文以电动汽车轮边减速器作为研究对象，介绍了轮边减速器的发展现状、总体构造、工作原理等内容，并且根据轮边减速器的工作条件与要求，以缩小结构尺寸，增大减速比为切入点，对整个传动方案和关键零部件进行了设计校核，并且借助有限元对总体结构强度进行了仿真分析。

关键词：电动汽车；轮边减速器；结构设计；仿真分析

Abstract

Electric vehicle (EV) is a kind of non rail carrying vehicle with electric energy as its power source. Because of its outstanding advantages of "energy saving, high efficiency, low carbon and environmental protection", it accounts for a considerable proportion in the consumption of the automobile market in China. So, the research on EV has become hot. For electric vehicles, the wheel drive technology is the core element of the transmission system. The basic feature is that the power output by the motor is transmitted to the wheel reducer through the intermediate transmission mechanism. The wheel reducer adjusts the driving force to achieve the purpose of reducing speed and increasing torque. Therefore, this technology is widely used in heavy machinery, mining vehicles, trucks and other vehicles.

This paper takes the wheel reducer of electric vehicle as the research object, introduces the development status, overall structure, working principle and other contents of the wheel reducer, and according to the working conditions and requirements of the wheel reducer, taking reducing the structure size and increasing the reduction ratio as the breakthrough point, designs and checks the whole transmission scheme and key parts, and uses the finite element to strengthen the overall structure The simulation analysis is carried out.

Key words: electric vehicle; wheel reducer; structural design; simulation analysis