考研英语阅读理解全文翻译.doc
年考研英语一阅读理解全文翻译及解析
Text 1①Ｏｆall ｔhe chaｎgｅs that have taｋen place in Englｉｓh-lａnguage nｅwspaperｓdｕriｎｇtｈe past quａｒteｒ-cｅnｔuｒy, perhaｐｓtｈe most far－reaｃhing ｈas been the ineｘorablｅdeclｉne in tｈe scope and serioｕsneｓｓof tｈeiｒaｒt ｓｃoverage．①It is difｆiculｔtｏthe pｏiｎt oｆimpossibiliｔｙfoｒthｅａvｅrage reader u ｎdｅr tｈe ａge of fｏrｔy to imaｇiｎe a time when hｉｇh-ｑｕａlity arｔs critiｃism ｃould ｂe founｄｉn mosｔbig-ｃitｙnewspaｐｅｒs. ②Ｙｅt a cｏnsiderable number of thｅmost significａnt ｃｏlｌecｔｉoｎs of criｔicism pｕblisｈed ｉｎthe２０th cｅntuｒy consistｅd in lａrgｅpartｏf ｎewspａｐer reｖiewｓ. ③To read such booｋs ｔodaｙis tｏmarvｅl aｔthｅfact ｔhat their ｌeａｒｎeｄｃoｎtents were onｃe deemｅd suiｔable for pｕbｌication iｎｇenｅraｌ-cｉrculａtion ｄailies.① Wｅare ｅven fartheｒrｅmoｖed frｏｍｔhe ｕnｆｏcｕｓed newｓpapeｒreviｅws pubｌished iｎＥｎglaｎd ｂeｔween thｅturｎof thｅ20tｈcｅｎtury and theｅve oｆWorlｄＷar ２,at a tiｍe whｅn newｓprintｗaｓｄｉrt-cｈｅap and stｙlish arｔs cｒiticｉsｍｗaｓｃoｎsidereｄaｎornamｅntｔo thｅpuｂlｉcａtions in wｈｉch it appeaｒed. ②In ｔhoｓe fａｒ-oｆf daｙs，it ｗas tａkeｎｆo ｒgrａnｔｅd ｔhat the ｃritiｃs oｆmajor pａpers would ｗｒitｅin ｄｅｔａil and at length about ｔhｅeventｓｔheｙｃovered. ③Theirｓｗａs aｓｅriｏus busineｓs. ａnｄeｖen ｔhosｅreｖｉews wｈo wore their learniｎｇｌｉgｈtly, lｉke George BerｎarｄＳhaｗａnd Eｒnｅｓt Ｎeｗmaｎ, ｃoulｄbｅｔｒｕsted tｏknｏｗwhａｔthｅy were about．④Tｈｅse mｅｎbeliｅvｅd in jouｒnaｌism aｓ a ca ｌling,and were proud to be pubｌiｓhedｉn ｔhｅdaily press. ⑤So feｗａutｈors haｖe brains ｅnough or liｔerａry gifｔeｎouｇh tｏkｅｅｐtheir oｗn ｅndｕp iｎｏｕrnalisｍ，Newｍａnｗrote, "thａｔI am temｐtｅｄto ｄeｆine "joｕｒnaliｓm" ａs ＂a ｔerｍｏｆcｏntempt applied by writers who areｎoｔread ｔo wrｉters wｈo are".①Unfortunａtely, tｈese ｃrｉtｉcsａrｅviｒtuallｙｆoｒgotｔｅn. ②Neville Cａrdus, ｗhｏｗrｏｔe foｒthe Mancｈester Guａrｄian ｆrom 1917ｕntil ｓhortly ｂefore his ｄeath ｉn 1975，ｉs ｎoｗknowｎsolely as ａwriｔer of essaｙs ｏn thｅgame of crｉckｅt．③During his ｌｉfeｔｉmｅ, thｏｕgｈ, he wａｓａlso one o ｆEnglａnd's ｆoremoｓt claｓsiｃaｌ-musiｃcｒｉtics，anｄａsｔylｉsｔｓo wi ｄely admirｅd ｔｈａt ｈiｓＡutobiｏgｒaphy (1947）ｂeｃame a besｔ-seller.④He was kｎiｇhtｅd in １967,the fiｒsｔmusic ｃrｉtiｃto bｅso hｏnｏred.⑤Yet ｏnly onｅｏf hｉs ｂookｓiｓnｏw ｉｎprｉｎt，and ｈis vａst ｂｏdy ｏｆwｒitingｓon ｍusic ｉｓuｎknowｎsａve to sｐeｃiａlｉｓtｓ.①Is there ａnｙchanｃｅthat Cａrdus＇s criｔiciｓｍwill enｊoｙａrｅvival? ②The prｏspect ｓeｅmｓreｍoｔｅ.③Journａｌistiｃtasteｓｈａd cｈanged lｏｎg beforｅhｉsｄeａth, and ｐosｔmodern readeｒｓｈaｖe litｔle usｅｆｏr the richly uphｏsteｒｅｄVicwaｒdｉan ｐrose in whicｈhe specｉalｉzeｄ.④Moreｏver,the aｍａteur traｄiｔｉonｉｎmｕsic critiｃism has bｅｅn iｎｈeadｌong reｔreat.全文翻译:在过去的25 年英语报纸所发生的变化中，影响最深远的可能就是它们对艺术方面的报道在范围上毫无疑问的缩小了，而且这些报道的严肃程度也绝对降低了。
历年考研英语一阅读真题翻译
2014年考研英语阅读真题Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” George Osbome,Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit-and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?为了“让生活变得更美好”以及减少“依赖”，英国财政大臣乔治•奥斯本引入了“求职预付金”计划。
只有当失业者带着简历到就业中心，注册在线求职并开始找工作，才有资格获得补助金——然后他们应该每周而非每两周报告一次。
有什么比这更合理呢？More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we k now they help people say off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsides laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”-protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.更加明显的合理性如下。
考研英语阅读全文翻译
考研英语阅读全文翻译考研英语阅读全文翻译阅读能力的测试包括阅读速度,理解程度以及记忆能力等。
要想获得满意的考研英语成绩,最根本的方法就是提高词汇量,加强阅读训练,下面就是店铺给大家准备的考研英语的阅读真题及全文翻译，欢迎大家阅读参考!Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word 'amateur' does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenthcentury, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.1. The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as ________.[A] sociology and chemistry [B] physics and psychology[C] sociology and psychology [D] physics and chemistry2. We can infer from the passage that ________.[A] there is little distinction between specialisation andprofessionalisation[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones3. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ________.[A] the process of specialisation and professionalisation[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C] the change of policies in scientific publications[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs4. The direct reason for specialisation is ________.[A] the development in communication [B] the growth of professionalisation[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge [D] the splitting up of academic societies>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<重点词汇：1.specialisation(专业化)即special+is(e)+ation，special(特别的;额外的)，-ise动词后缀(specialise即v.专业化)，-ation名词后缀;specialist(专家;专科医生)←special+ist后缀表“人”。
考研英语阅读理解典型范文含译文翻译版career
考研英语阅读理解典型范文含译文翻译版Growing up, I was in an ice-skating club, and my friends and I did lots of competitions.When I was 18, I entered a big one in Italy, and I came first. The prize was a job as an ice dancer in a big show. That’s how my career started.One of the things I love about the shows is the beautiful clothes. The only trouble is that sometimes they’re heavy and I get very hot. Also, I have to change lots of times in one show. The people who make the clothes are very clever —it’s amazing how quickly they work!Before the show starts, we get dressed, put our skates on, and wish each other good luck. Then, while I’m waiting to go on, I like to sit quietly by myself and think about what I’m going to do. The other skaters chat together or listen to music.In the shows, we have to dance, sing, and also speak. For me, ice dancing is fine, but I’m not an actor. I’m always abit scared because I sometimes won’t remember the words. I’m not bothered about falling —it doesn’t usually happen. And I really enjoy joining in with all the songs.People always ask me if I’m tired when each show finishes. I love skating, so I never feel that way. I love listening to the people who came to watch —so excited as they leave, talking about what they have seen. That’s when I’m really happy I chose ice dancing as a career.在成长过程中，我参加了一个滑冰俱乐部，我和我的朋友们参加了很多比赛。
考研英语阅读理解典型范文 含译文翻译版
考研英语阅读理解典型范文含译文翻译版More and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods, The rapid development ofthird-party mobile payment tools is helpingto encourage cashless payment across the country, said Dong Ximiao, a researcher at the Renmin University of China.Although there were 3,4 billion third-partypayment accounts in total in China in 2016. China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also seeing that increase.However, the rapid development of cashless payments does not mean there no challenges and criticisms. Alibaba’s Hema store has come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can’t buy goods with cash there, which would be considered illegal.Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation’s two major third party mobile payment tools, also launched campaigns this month to encourage more people to use cashless payment methods, which caused concern over whether cash will soon disappear“Some offline sellers refuse to accept cash,which influences the natural circulation of cash,’said Dong. He stressed that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disappear. Also it’s important to remember that nearly half of China’s population live in the countries, unable to enjoy innovation brought by the Internet, Dong said. And when it comes to China’s senior citizens most of them prefer to use cash in their daily lives, he added.“It’ ridiculous to question digital paymenttools’ contribution to financial development. In thelong term, various payment methods will be used by consumers, and merchants should respect consumers’payment habits. Dong noted.中国人民大学研究员董希淼表示，越来越多的中国消费者正在使用无现金支付方式，第三方移动支付工具的快速发展，有助于鼓励全国范围内的无现金支付。
24考研英语阅读全文翻译
T e x t 1 为了“让生活更美好”，减少“家庭的扶养”，英国财政部大臣GeorgeOsborn，提出了“为找工作提前支付工资”的计划。
只要到计算机化的就业服务中心找工作的人有VC--网上找工作的注册书，并且开始找工作，那么他们有资格得到福利，然后他们应该每周做一次报告而不是每两周。
还有什么能比这个更合理？下面是更明显的合理性。
下来找工作者将会有七天对津贴的等待。
“最初的这些天应该用来找工作，而不是找注册地。
”他还宣称“我们做这些是因为我们这会帮助那些没有福利的人并且让那些已经有福利的人更快地得到工作。
”帮助？真的吗？第一次听到这时，这就是一个关注社会的官员——努力想让生活更美好，和一个对于新待业人员能很容易找到工作的宽松社会的“改革”，以及对懒惰的补贴。
我们后来知道给他动力的是他对“基础公平”的热情——保护纳税人，控制支出，以及保证那些最需要的要求者得到他们的福利。
失去工作是让人伤心的：你不可能心里唱着歌跳着去就业服务中心，有着从一般状态翻番自己收入的愿景，并对此感到高兴。
失业是金融的恐怖，心理的尴尬，你知道得到的支持是最小的并且是非常难得到的。
你现在是不被需要的；为你的生活提供目标和组织体系的工作环境已经把你排除在外了。
更糟糕的是，养活你自己和家人以及各种生活基本支出的经济来源断掉了。
对于最需要什么这个问题，那些新的失业者的答案总是两个字：工作。
但是在奥斯博岛，你的第一本能反应是被扶养——如果你能做到，那么是永久的扶养，被一个不得不放纵你的错误的国家支持。
这就像过去的20年——关于找工作更艰难的改革，并且没有福利管理体系。
现在英国的福利体系原则不再是确保人们可以躲避失业的风险并且能在这种灾难发生时收到无条件的补偿。
即使这个1996年产生的短语“待业者的津贴”是将失业者重新定义为“待业者”，意思是对已经通过为国家保险做贡献得到的福利不在有委托管理权。
确实，这些要求者得到了有期限的“津贴”，条件是积极地找工作；这是欧盟中最不慷慨的一个体系，一周71,70英镑，没有补贴没有保险。
(完整版)考研英语二阅读理解全文翻译-1
英语二Text 11—-—Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents， but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country， most recently Los Angeles Unified， are revising(修改) their thinking on his educational ritual（例行公事）。
Unfortunately， L。
A. Unified has produced an inflexible (不可变更的） policy which mandates(批准） that with the exception of some advanced courses， homework may no longer count for more than 10％of a student’s academic grade。
家庭作业从来就没有受到学生甚至家长的真正欢迎，但最近几年来，家庭作业却受到人们的鄙视。
全国的学校都在修改家庭作业的相关惯例做法。
不幸的是，洛杉矶学区通过了一项不可变更的政策：除了高等课程，家庭作业在学分中所占比例不可以超过10%。
21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____。
［A] is receiving more criticism［B］ is no longer an educational ritual(绝对）[C] is not required for advanced courses(正反）[D] is gaining more preferences（正反）2—-—This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly， no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment。
2001——2010年考研英语阅读理解真题全文翻译
1997Text1难句解析：①After six months of arguing and final16hours of hot parliamentary debates,Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.▲句子的主体结构是Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority...，其中，句首是表示时间的介词词组作状语：after six months of arguing and final16hours of hot parliamentary debates，后面的动词不定式to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die 相当于定语从句which allows doctors to...，修饰legal authority，who引导定语从句who wish to die 修饰前面的patients。
△理解句子的关键在于剔除庞杂的修饰成分，抓住句子的主干。
②Some have breathed sighs of relief,others,including churches,right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association,bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage.But the tide is unlikely to turn back.▲第一句话中，有用逗号松散地连接的两个表示对比的句子：Some have breathed...others...bitterly attacked...，其中others之后是介词词组：including churches，right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association对others进行进一步的解释。
考研英语阅读真题全文翻译
考研英语阅读真题全文翻译考研英语阅读理解你复习如何?能够在这一般快拿到高分吗?下面就是给大家整理的考研英语阅读真题全文翻译，希望对你有用!考研英语阅读原文For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country.In Britain this has had a curious result.While polls show Britons rate "the countryside" alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save "the beauty of natural places for everyone forever."It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience "a refreshing air."Hill's pressures later led to the creation of national parks and green belts.They don't make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it.It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment.The Conservatives' planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing "off-plan" building where local people might object.The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable.Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development.The Liberal Democrats are silent.Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land.Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place.The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt.What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that "housing crisis" equals "concreted meadows" is pure lobby talk.The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them.Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal.He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets.This is not a free market but a biased one.Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow.They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character.We do not ruin urban conservation areas.Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip.After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe's most crowded country.Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living.There is no doubt of the alternative;the corruptedlandscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland.Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.考研英语阅读翻译与乡村人口相比，人类历史上第一次有更多的人居住在城镇。
202考研英语二阅读理解全文翻译-
英语二T e x t 11---Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising(修改) their thinking on his educational ritual(例行公事). Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible (不可变更的) policy which mandates(批准) that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade。
家庭作业从来就没有受到学生甚至家长的真正欢迎，但最近几年来，家庭作业却受到人们的鄙视。
全国的学校都在修改家庭作业的相关惯例做法。
不幸的是，洛杉矶学区通过了一项不可变更的政策：除了高等课程，家庭作业在学分中所占比例不可以超过10%。
21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____。
[A] is receiving more criticism[B] is no longer an educational ritual（绝对）[C] is not required for advanced courses（正反）[D] is gaining more preferences（正反）2---This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children。
考研英语一阅读真题全文翻译及答案
2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及答案（七绝俗手版）2011-01-1621-25 CBDBA26-30 BDCAC31-35 DCBAA36-40 CDADB41-45 BDACFSection IIReading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], , [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic。
2009年纽约交响乐团突然宣布聘用艾伦·吉尔伯特为下一位乐曲指挥，从那时起一直到现在，这次任命都成为古典音乐界的话题。
退一步说，从总体上看，反应还是不错的。
如冷静的古典音乐评论家安东尼·托姆西尼就这样写：从长时间来看，这次委命是英明的。
One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him。
考研英语二阅读理解全文翻译
英语二T e x t 11---Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising(修改) their thinking on his educational ritual(例行公事). Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible (不可变更的) policy which mandates(批准) that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade。
家庭作业从来就没有受到学生甚至家长的真正欢迎，但最近几年来，家庭作业却受到人们的鄙视。
全国的学校都在修改家庭作业的相关惯例做法。
不幸的是，洛杉矶学区通过了一项不可变更的政策：除了高等课程，家庭作业在学分中所占比例不可以超过10%。
21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____。
[A] is receiving more criticism[B] is no longer an educational ritual（绝对）[C] is not required for advanced courses（正反）[D] is gaining more preferences（正反）2---This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children。
考研英语真题阅读翻译全文
考研英语真题阅读翻译全文很多时候,考研英语阅读文章乍看上去与四、六级的形式相似,不少考生一开始便想当然地认为,只要掌握了考研英语大纲所指定词汇,考研阅读就可轻松拿下。
殊不知,考研英语阅读理解题中还有很多玄机下面就是给大家整理的考研英语真题阅读翻译全文，希望对你有用!考研英语阅读原文Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch's daughter, Elisabeth, spoke of the "unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions".Integrity had collapsed, she argued,because of a collective acceptance that the only "sorting mechanism" in society should be profit and the market.But "it's us, human beings, we the people who create the society we want, not profit".Driving her point home, she continued:"It's increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or businesscould become one of the most dangerous own goals forcapitalism and freedom."This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.As the hacking trial concludes;finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge;the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands.Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people.This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire,the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking.Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place.One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom,how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived.The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today's world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organisations that they run.Perhaps we should not be so surprised.For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit.The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value,business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation.Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World under Rupert Murdoch was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity.It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact.Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions abouthow her journalists got their stories,but she asked no questions, gave no instructions;nor received traceable, recorded answers.考研英语阅读翻译两年前，鲁伯特;默多克之女伊丽莎白曾说“太多的新闻机构有令人不安的正直缺失。
考研英语阅读理解真题2001-2010翻译
2001 Passage 1专业化可被视为针对科学知识不断膨胀这个问题所做出的反应。
通过将学科细化，个人能够继续处理这些不断膨胀的信息并将它们作为深入研究的基础。
但是专业化仅是科学领域内一系列影响交流过程的有关现象之一。
另一现象是科学活动的日益职业化。
在科学领域内，专业与业余之间没有绝对的区分：任何规律都有其例外。
但是“业余”这个词的确具有特殊的含义，那就是所指的那个人没有完全融入某个科学家群体，具体地说，他可能并不完全认同这个群体的价值观。
19世纪的专业化的发展，以及随之而来的对训练的长期性和复杂性的要求，对业余人员进入科学界造成了更大的困难。
特别是在以数学和实验室训练为基础的科学领域，这种倾向自然尤为明显，这可以通过英国的地质学发展过程得到证实。
对过去一个半世纪的英国地质出版物进行比较，我们不但发现人们对研究的重视程度在不断增加，而且人们对可以接受的论文的定义也在不断变化。
因此，在19世纪，局部的地质研究本身就可形成一种有价值的研究；而到了20世纪，如果局部的研究能够被专业人员接受，那么它越来越倾向于必须体现或思考更广阔的地质面貌。
另一方面业余人员继续以旧的方式从事局部的研究。
其整体的结果是使业余人员进入专业性地质学杂志更加困难，而审稿制度的全面引进使这个结果得到加强，这一制度开始是在19世纪的全国性杂志进行，进入20世纪后也在一些地方性地质杂志实行。
这样发展的必然结果是出现了针对专业读者和业余读者的不同杂志。
类似的分化过程也导致专业地质学家聚集起来，形成一两个全国性的团体，而业余地质学家则要么留在地方性团体中，要么以不同方式组成全国性的团体。
虽然职业化和专业化过程在19世纪的英国地质学界中已经得到迅速发展，但是它的效果直到20世纪才充分显示出来。
然而，从科学这个整体来看，19世纪必须被视为科学结构发生变化的关键时期。
2001 Passage 2今天，人们十分关注所谓的是信息差异问题——世界上信息资源丰富的地区和信息资源贫乏的地区之间的差异；这个差异确实存在，我和我妻子20年前就曾谈及这个临近的危险。
Q130-考研英语阅读-2007 text3 全文翻译
2007年Text 3原文：During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realties. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.翻译：在上一代人中，原本依靠努力工作和公平竞争就能保持经济状况稳定的美国中产阶级家庭因经济风险和新的现实状况而发生了变化。
现在，一张解雇通知书，一个恶性诊断结果，或者配偶的离去，都可以使一个稳固的中产阶级家庭在几个月内成为新的贫困户。
原文：In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of theirs new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback—a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect”could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.翻译：仅仅大约一代人的时间里，数百万母亲出去工作，从而改变了基本的家庭经济结构。
考研英语阅读理解全文翻译
Text1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.习惯是件有趣的事情。
我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。
“这并非选择，而是习惯控制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉•华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时说的话。
在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。
因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。
But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。
Q131-考研英语阅读-2007 text4 全文翻译
2007年Text 4原文：It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them—especially in America—the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.翻译：不雨则以，一雨倾盆。
当老板和董事会终于解决了最糟糕的财务和规章问题并加强了公司管理力度之后，一个新的问题——数据安全问题——正威胁着他们，使他们出现在令人讨厌的(尤其是美国的)头版头条新闻中，这些报道可能最终引起领导层更迭。
信息保护过去一直是临时、低级信息技术员工的工作，并且只被诸如银行、电信、航空这类拥有大量数据的行业所关注，而现在却高高列在各行各业老板的日程表上。
原文：Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year—from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley—have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.翻译：今年发生的几起重大的客户和员工数据泄露事件发生在各种各样的机构里，包括时代华纳公司、美国国防项目承办(建)机构科学应用国际公司、甚至加州大学伯克立分校。
(完整)考研英语阅读全文翻译
Text 1为了“让生活更美好”，减少“家庭的扶养"，英国财政部大臣George Osborn，提出了“为找工作提前支付工资”的计划。
只要到计算机化的就业服务中心找工作的人有VC--网上找工作的注册书，并且开始找工作，那么他们有资格得到福利,然后他们应该每周做一次报告而不是每两周.还有什么能比这个更合理?下面是更明显的合理性.下来找工作者将会有七天对津贴的等待。
“最初的这些天应该用来找工作，而不是找注册地。
”他还宣称“我们做这些是因为我们这会帮助那些没有福利的人并且让那些已经有福利的人更快地得到工作.”帮助?真的吗？第一次听到这时，这就是一个关注社会的官员——努力想让生活更美好,和一个对于新待业人员能很容易找到工作的宽松社会的“改革”，以及对懒惰的补贴。
我们后来知道给他动力的是他对“基础公平"的热情—-保护纳税人，控制支出，以及保证那些最需要的要求者得到他们的福利。
失去工作是让人伤心的：你不可能心里唱着歌跳着去就业服务中心,有着从一般状态翻番自己收入的愿景，并对此感到高兴。
失业是金融的恐怖,心理的尴尬，你知道得到的支持是最小的并且是非常难得到的。
你现在是不被需要的；为你的生活提供目标和组织体系的工作环境已经把你排除在外了。
更糟糕的是，养活你自己和家人以及各种生活基本支出的经济来源断掉了。
对于最需要什么这个问题，那些新的失业者的答案总是两个字：工作.但是在奥斯博岛，你的第一本能反应是被扶养-—如果你能做到，那么是永久的扶养，被一个不得不放纵你的错误的国家支持。
这就像过去的20年——关于找工作更艰难的改革，并且没有福利管理体系.现在英国的福利体系原则不再是确保人们可以躲避失业的风险并且能在这种灾难发生时收到无条件的补偿。
即使这个1996年产生的短语“待业者的津贴”是将失业者重新定义为“待业者”，意思是对已经通过为国家保险做贡献得到的福利不在有委托管理权。
确实，这些要求者得到了有期限的“津贴”,条件是积极地找工作；这是欧盟中最不慷慨的一个体系，一周71,70英镑，没有补贴没有保险。
考研英语阅读理解典型范文含译文翻译版
考研英语阅读理解典型范文含译文翻译版In a modern world where time is money, how have our reading habits been influenced? Are we reading more quickly or do we prefer to read short passages? The answer perhaps lies in the kind of text you're reading.When we're reading online, we read quickly to search what we want. Does this mean that as readers we now have farless patience than we used to? Not necessarily. Much ofthis activity is actually skimming or scanning to check whether something is useful or interesting and whether we want to read on. We'll slowdown and take a bit longer to properly read the text if the headline catches our eyes.For those writing for an online environment, this means finding more useful ways of catching the readers' eyes. For example, putting the key information at the very beginning makes it more likely that the time-poor website visitors will find what they want.But what about when we're reading literature , are the rules still the same? The average reader works their way through a piece of an article at no more than about 250-300 words perminute, which is generally a page of text. If you try to read through a novel more quickly, then you start to lose a lot of what makes literature such a pleasure. When we read for pleasure, we are much less focused on picking out useful information or key words. Instead, the language itself is as important as the information mentioned. The longer you spend reading a passage, the more vivid a picture you create in your mind.Sometimes an escape from the fast-moving Internet Age is just what we need, so maybe it's time to slow down and lose yourself in a good book.在一个时间就是金钱的现代世界，我们的阅读习惯是如何受到影响的?我们是读得更快还是更喜欢读短文?答案也许取决于你所阅读的文本类型。
考研英语一阅读翻译完整版
考研英语一阅读翻译集团标准化办公室：[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]T e x t1为了“让生活更美好”，减少“家庭的扶养”，英国财政部大臣GeorgeOsborn，提出了“为找工作提前支付工资”的计划。
只要到计算机化的就业服务中心找工作的人有VC--网上找工作的注册书，并且开始找工作，那么他们有资格得到福利，然后他们应该每周做一次报告而不是每两周。
还有什么能比这个更合理？下面是更明显的合理性。
下来找工作者将会有七天对津贴的等待。
“最初的这些天应该用来找工作，而不是找注册地。
”他还宣称“我们做这些是因为我们这会帮助那些没有福利的人并且让那些已经有福利的人更快地得到工作。
”帮助真的吗第一次听到这时，这就是一个关注社会的官员——努力想让生活更美好，和一个对于新待业人员能很容易找到工作的宽松社会的“改革”，以及对懒惰的补贴。
我们后来知道给他动力的是他对“基础公平”的热情——保护纳税人，控制支出，以及保证那些最需要的要求者得到他们的福利。
失去工作是让人伤心的：你不可能心里唱着歌跳着去就业服务中心，有着从一般状态翻番自己收入的愿景，并对此感到高兴。
失业是金融的恐怖，心理的尴尬，你知道得到的支持是最小的并且是非常难得到的。
你现在是不被需要的；为你的生活提供目标和组织体系的工作环境已经把你排除在外了。
更糟糕的是，养活你自己和家人以及各种生活基本支出的经济来源断掉了。
对于最需要什么这个问题，那些新的失业者的答案总是两个字：工作。
但是在奥斯博岛，你的第一本能反应是被扶养——如果你能做到，那么是永久的扶养，被一个不得不放纵你的错误的国家支持。
这就像过去的20年——关于找工作更艰难的改革，并且没有福利管理体系。
现在英国的福利体系原则不再是确保人们可以躲避失业的风险并且能在这种灾难发生时收到无条件的补偿。
即使这个1996年产生的短语“待业者的津贴”是将失业者重新定义为“待业者”，意思是对已经通过为国家保险做贡献得到的福利不在有委托管理权。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
年考研英语阅读理解全文翻译.doc————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：Text1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the u nconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.习惯是件有趣的事情。
我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。
“这并非选择，而是习惯控制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉•华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时说的话。
在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。
因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。
But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。
但是，不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会留在那里。
相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。
“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Th inking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possib ilities.”《开放思想》一书的作者Dawna Markova说：“革新所需要的第一样东西，就是一种对好奇的着迷。
然而我们被教导去做‘决定’，就像我们的总裁称呼自己为‘决策者’那样。
”她补充道，“但是，决定意味着否决一切可能性而只保留一种。
一个优秀的具有革新精神的思想者总是在探寻许多其它的可能。
”All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.她说，我们都是通过一些自己没有意识到的方法解决问题的。
研究人员在20世纪60年代末发现人类天生主要用四种方法应对挑战。
这四种方法是分析法，程序法，关联（或合作）法和创新法。
但是在青春期结束的时候，大脑关闭一半的能力，仅仅保留了那些大约在生命最开始的十几年时间里似乎是最有价值的思维方式。
The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system — that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book “This Year I Will...” and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new h abits comes in.目前标准化测试主要强调分析和程序的能力，也就是说，我们中很少有人会本能地使用创新和合作的思维方式。
M.J.Ryan是2006年出版的著作《今年我将......》一书的作者以及Markova女士的商业合作伙伴，她解释说：“这打破了美国信念体系里的主要规则——任何人都可以做任何事。
这是一个我们已经使之永恒的谎言，这造就了平庸。
了解你擅长什么并且多去实践就会成就卓越。
”这就是培养新习惯的目的。
Text 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom –or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore – and another $120 to get the results.More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits.再聪明的父亲也未必了解自己的孩子，但是如今男人可以提升其为人之父的智慧，至少可以确认他是孩子的父亲。
他所要做的就是在当地药店里支付30美元买一个父子关系测试包（PTK），然后另支付120美元以获得该测试的各项结果。
Doug Fogg是Identigene (生产这种在药店可以出售的测试包的公司)的首席运营官，他说，自从去年PTK不需要处方就能购买以来，已经有超过6万人购买了该产品。
More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geog raphic roots .超过24家公司直接向公众出售DNA检测工具，价格从几百美元到2500多美元不等。
其中最受欢迎的是父子和血缘关系检测，被收养的孩子可以利用它找到自己的有血缘关系的亲属，而家庭也可以用它来找到被人收养的孩子。