同位语从句讲解

初中英语语法同位语从句专项讲解与训练

（一） 概念 一般来说，在主从复合句中，用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它通 常跟在某些名词之后，用以说明或解释该名词表示的具体内容。可 以跟同位语从句的名词通常有：

advice, decisi on, fact, hope, idea, in formati on, mess

age, n ews, promise, proposal, reply, on, word （消息），problem ，

question, 等。例如:

They were delighted at the news that their team ha d won.

当听到他们队获胜的消息时，他们欣喜若狂。

Where did you get the idea that I could not come

？你从哪儿听说我不能来?

有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在被说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔 开。女口：

The thought came to him that Tom might have return ed the book.

他突然想起汤姆可能已经还了书了。

（二）引导词

report, suggesti

doubt, thought

请仔细观察下列句子，注意从句引导词的用法

there.

stati on.

［小结归纳］

① that 引导同位语从句时无词义，也不充当任何成分，但通常不 可以省略，如句1；

② whether 引导同位语从句时意为“是否”，通常不能用 if 来代 替,如句2;

③ 连接代词who, what 等可以引导同位语从句，如句 3， 4；

1. The

news that Mr. Li will be our new En glish

teacher is true. 2. He has n 't made the decisi on whether he will go 3. The questi on who should do the work is bei ng d iscussed at the meeti ng4. I have no idea what the 5. re 6. boy is doing in the n ext room now.

We have n 't yet settled the questi on where we a going to spe nd I have no idea our summer vacation this year.

how I can get to the railway 7. I have no idea when he will be back .

④连接副词where, how, when等可以引导同位语从句，如句5, 6, 7。

（三）that 引导的同位语从句和定语从句

①意义不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；而定

语从句用来修饰、限定前面的先行词。试比较：

1.The news that_ our team has won the final mate

h is en courag ing.

2.The news that you told us is really encouragin

g.

［分析］句1中that引导同位语从句，说明“ news”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。句2中that引导定语从句，对“ news”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。

②that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句时，不仅起连接作用，而且还指代先行词并在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分。试比较：

1. Dad made a promise that he would buy me a CD

player if I passed the En glish test.

2. Dad made a promise that excited all his childr

en.

［分析］句1中that弓I导同位语从句，其中that无词义，也不充当任何成分；句2中that引导定语从句，that指代promise, 又在从句中充当主语，

且that可以用which替换。

③可否省略：that在引导同位语从句时，通常不可省略。在引导定语从句时，若在从句中作宾语，通常可以省略，若作主语则不可以省略。

［即学即用］

I . 请用适当的词填空，使下列句子意思完整。

1.They expressed the hope _____________________ they would come

over to China soon.

2.The fact ______________ he didn 't see Tom this mornin

g is true.

3.Word has come _________________ some American guests will

come to our colle-ge for a visit next week.

4.He can't answer the question __________________________ he got th

e money from his home yesterday.

5.Do you have any idea ______________________ is actually going

on in the classroom?

6.The problem _______________ we should have the meeting in the hall now must be decided at once.

II. 下列各句中均有一处错误，请改正

1.Our team has won the game, that made us very happy.