短暂动词与延续性动词

1.现在完成时的构成：have / has + 动词的过去分词

2.现在完成时的用法：

（1）表示某一动作或状态开始于过去并持续到现在现在。（此种用法适用于延续性动词）

I have been in Nanyang for around 5 years.

我在南阳大约有五年了。

（2）表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果（此种用法适用非延续性动词）。

I can’t go to see the movie now, because I have lost the ticket.

现在我看不成电影了，因为我把票弄丢了。

3.现在完成时的标志：just, already, yet, ever, never, recently 近来 = in recent weeks (months, years)在最近的几周（月，年）里,nowadays, for + 一段时间，before (用于句子末尾); so far = up to now = till now; since + 过去某一具体时间点，since + 过去的一段时间 + ago， since + 一般过去时从句，ever since then = ever since = since then = since (自从那时起);in / over /during + the + past(last) + 一段时间。

Eg.

On January 11,1998, Dr. Kataria organized the first “World Laughter Day” celebration in Mumbai, India. It was a huge success. The date was later changed to the first Sunday in May and it has been celebrated every year since.

4.现在完成时中的特殊用法：短暂动词的各种时态（包括现在完成时在内）不能和时间段连用，当它需要与时间段连用时需转换为延续性动词。注意：短暂动词若用于否定句则可与一段时间相连用。

I haven’t seen him for a long time. 我好久不见他了。

5.常见短暂动词转换成延续性动词的形式如下：

get lost --- be lost get / fall ill --- be ill get in touch with --- be/keep in touch with get to --- be in / at get into --- be in get into trouble --- be in trouble get out of --- be out of reach --- be in / at arrive at / in --- be at / in get up --- be up

get married to sb.---be married to sb.

marry sb. --- be married to sb.

fall in love with sb. --- be in love with sb.

fall asleep ---be asleep make friends --- be friends

buy/get/receive --- have go / come to --- be in / at

go out --- be out go there --- be there

go abroad --- be abroad go to sleep --- sleep

go to bed --- be in bed finish --- be over

go to school --- be a student, be at school

meet --- be together wake up --- be awake

get to know --- know begin --- be on

catch a cold --- have a cold borrow --- keep

die ---be dead leave --- be away (from)

close --- be closed open --- be open

join --- be a member of / be in

join the Party --- be a Party member, be a member of the Party, be in the Party

join the army --- be a soldier, be in the army

become / get / fall + adj. or n. --- be + adj. or n.

become a teacher --- be a teacher

come back / get back / return --- be back

put on --- wear / be dressed in stand up --- stand

sit down --- sit lie down --- lie

graduate = leave school --- be away from school

Notice: 凡是含有become , fall, go, get, join 等的短语及其本身大都是短暂动词，它们的各种时态通常都不与一段时间相连用，把它们转化成延续性动词的方法一般是把含有这些词的短语变成含有连系动词动词be有关的短语。

6.三个特殊现在完成时短语的用法区别

have / has been to 表示曾经去过某地但现在已经回来，可以和次数相连用但不能和一段时间相连用。

She has been to Cuba many times. 他去过古巴好多次了。

have / has gone to 表示已经到某地去了，到现在还没有回来，它既

不能和次数相连用也不能和一段时间相连用。

I haven’t seen him for a long time. Where has he gone?