同义、近义词、词组

同义、近义词、词组

同义、近义词、词组范围很广,涉及到各种词类,我们在以上有关章节中已谈到这方面的内容,这里我们仅举数例同义、近义词、词组的辨析。

1.likely,probable,possible

1)likely意为"很可能的";probable一般指有"较大的可能";possible仅指"有可能",不管可能性大小。例如:His election is possible,but not probable.(他有可能当选,但是可能性不大。)The police concluded that the probable(not possi-ble)cause of the fire had been a cigarette butt.(警察得出结论,火灾很可能是由烟蒂引起的。)She is likely to succeed.(她很可能成功。)

2)likely之后常跟不定式,也可接从句,而probable之后通常接从句,不跟不定式。possible作表语时,

主语用it,或something,一般不用人作主语。例如:

He is likely to come.

It is likely that he will come.

It is possible that I might be of some use in that part of the work.

注意以下句型:It is likely/probable+that clause sb./sth.+be+likely+不定式

3)likely,probably,possibly作副词时,含义和用法略有不同,likely多和most或very连

用;probably=most likely,意为"很可能"。He may possibly succeed.(他或许会成功。)含有"不会成功"的意味较多。

2.lost,missing,gone

1)lost用于修饰物时是"丢失了的"之意。例如:a lost pen,one's lost youth;用于修饰人时是"迷途的"之意。例如:a lost child

2)missing有"失踪的,行踪不明的"之意,因此,"小孩失踪"应用missing。修饰物时,意为"缺少的,不在的"。例如:

There is a page missing from this book.

3)gone意为"离开的"。例如:He is gone.也可作"丧失的,用光的"解。例如:

His hair was nearly all gone.

All his money is gone.

3.illness,sickness,disease

1)illness指患病的状态。例如:

She died after a long illness.

2)disease指具体的某一疾病。例如:

Many diseases are caused by bacteria.

They were more likely to die from childhood diseases.

3)sickness通常指"身体不适",或者"呕吐、恶心"等。例如:

Does the doctor know what his sickness is.

He felt a wave of sickness come over him.

4.calm,quiet,silent,still

1)calm指天气、海洋等时,表示一种无风无浪的"平静";指人时,表示镇静平和的心情。例如:

He remained calm.

After the storm the sea was calm again.

2)quiet指没有动静,没有噪音,尤指没有骚动的安宁状态。例如:

Everything was quiet.

Keep quiet.

3)silent用于事物时,侧重没有声响;用于指人时,强调少言寡语。例如:

That's a silent film.

Why do you keep silent.

4)still侧重于"不动"、"静止"时,与calm,quiet,silent不能替换;侧重于"无声"时,可与quiet替换。例如:

Please keep still while I take a photo of you.

How still(quiet)everything is!

5.pleased,pleasant,pleasing,pleasure

1)pleased指外物作用于感官,使人感到"高兴、满意、喜欢",常见的结构为:be pleased+不定式或从句,be pleased with,be pleased at (about)。例如:

I'm very pleased with the performance.

We're pleased about (at) your success.

I'm quite pleased that she has got such a good chance.

2)pleasant意为"令人愉快的,舒畅的,非常好的,讨人喜欢的,风趣的"。例如:

They spent a very pleasant afternoon in the hills.

Spring weather is pleasant.

He talked in a pleasant way.

3)pleasing指某物或某人"使他人高兴、招人喜爱"。例如:

These flowers are very pleasing.

The girl has pleasing manners.

4)pleasure是名词,指"快乐,愉快的事,乐趣"。例如:It's a pleasure to meet you.

May I have the pleasure of dancing with you.

6.beach,coast,shore,bank

1)beach和shore均可指"海滨"。比较而言,beach指较为平坦、覆盖着沙子或碎石、适宜于游泳与日光浴的"沙滩,海滩"。shore则是笼统的说法,指毗邻大片水的陆地,既可以包括beach,也可以指岩石突兀或陡峭的岸边。另外,shore也可以表示"湖边"。例如:

Early in the morning we went to the beach to see the sunrise.

Many people were lying on the beach,bathing in the sun.

The hotel lies on the shore of the West Lake.

2)coast指海洋与陆地的分界线,意为"海岸,海岸线",是一个地理术语。例如:

She lived ten miles from the coast.

China has a long coast from north to south.

3)bank表示毗邻河流的任何陆地、河流或运河的"河岸"。例如:

Trees are planted along the banks of the canal.

7.at first,first of all,first

1)at first=at the beginning,表示"当初,起初(但后来……)",与后来发生的事相对照。例如: