高翻合同法律类翻译

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法律词汇汉英互译

法律词汇汉英互译（一）发表时间：2005-11-18 13:54:00 阅读数次：306案件case案件受理费litigation fee案由nature of case颁布issue颁布promulgate办案handle a case办理deal with包庇罪crime of concealing the murder保税区bonded area保险法insurance law保险凭证insurance certificate保证warranty保证guarantee保证金bail保证金margins保证金帐户margin account保证人，担保人guarantor保证书indemnity保证书covenant of warranty保证条款warranty保值利率inflation-proof interest rate被裁定为be adjudged to be从重处罚heavier punishment从重处罚severe punishment存款机构deposit-taking institution挫折frustration措词worded错漏error|mistake答复Reply批复Reply打官司initiate legal proceeding打击struggle against打假crack down on counterfeit goods打假办Office of Cracking down on Fake Products大厂回族自治县Dachang Hui Nationality Autonomous Region 大股substantial shareholder大股东控权人majority shareholder controller大化瑶族自治县Dahua Yao Nationality Autonomous County 大连市Daliang Municipality大律师barrister大律师的收费counsel's fees大律师登记册roll of baristers大律师公会Hong Kong Bar Association大律师见习职位pupillage被陈述人representee被告人辨解statement of the defendant驳回dismiss驳回reject驳回上诉reject an appeal补偿报酬compensatory payment不具有法律效力null不具有法律效力void不履行合同breach of contract不履行合约repudiation of the contract不名誉的行为及手法dishonourable conduct and practices不能成立unable to establish不时frequently不予支持unassisted不作为omission财产分割properties division财产所有权property right裁定ruling裁定order产权制度property order产权关系property relations撤消并发回给reversed and remanded to the original court陈述state承担assume承担责任to be responsible for承典人pledgee承典人pawnee承认confess城市住宅局City House Bureau出典人pledgor出典人pawnor出口退税制度the system of refunding taxes on exported goods 出口押汇bill purchased出资比例ratio of investments处罚penalty触犯violate传销pyramid selling串通collaborate从宽处理lenient punishment, liberal punishment从轻处罚lesser punishment从轻处罚lighter punishment从轻处罚impose a lenient sentence从轻原则the principle of lighter punishment从事commit大律师名册panels of counsels大律师事务所barristers' chambers, chambers of counsel大律师书记barrister's clerk律师行业the practice of law大批bulk代理检察员acting prosecutor代理人agent代理审判员acting judge代通知金payment in lieu of notice代销sales by proxy丹东市Dandong Municipality丹阳市Danyang Municipality单位entity unit单务合同unilateral contract担保guarantee担保人guarantor担保书certificate of guarantee但书proviso当事人litigant当事人起诉要求the litigants sue for党政分工division of labour between the Party and the government档案工作人员file clerk法律词汇汉英互译（二）发表时间：2005-11-21 10:50:00 阅读数次：429盗窃枪支crime of stealing firearms and ammunition盗窃武器装备theft of military equipment道真仡佬族苗族自治县Daozheng Mulao Nationality Autonomous County 得到证实to be believed得利者beneficiary抵触contravene抵押mortgage抵押品pledge抵押物mortgage地方人民检察院Local People's Procuratorate地役权easement第二审判庭second tribunal第三者the third party第一审判庭first tribunal典当物pledge调查investigation调查报告investigation调查取证investigate and collect evidence调解mediate调解和强制措施mediation and enforcement measure调解书mediation agreement调解书字号Written Mediation No.订货合同卡片a card of contract订立formation定案结论verdict定案理由reason for decision定金deposit定期减免所得税regular reduction of income tax定性determination on the nature丢弃waive东北人民政府Northeast People's Government东乡族自治县Dongxiang Nationality Autonomous County董事会board of directors动机intention, motive冻干健康人血浆frozen dry healthy human blood冻干血浆frozen dry blood plasma冻结freeze, suspend都安瑶族自治县Duan Yao Nationality Autonomous County毒品罪narcotic drug crime渎职罪crime of dereliction of duty独立的不法行为independent wrong独立个案individual cases独立核算工业企业independent accounting unit独立请求书independent claim独立审判independent adjudication断绝cease提出具体意见submit detailed opinions on对等原则principle of reciprocity对等原则并参照国际惯例the principle of reciprocity and in reference to the international practice 对合同词句应当按照事情是有效的而不是无效的来理解verba ita sunt intelligenda ut res magis valeat guam pareat对金钱借贷的规定regulations of money lending对滥用职权的法律补救legal remedy for abuses of power对立的一方opposite party对令状的发出作确认acknowledge the issue of the writ对上诉抗辩oppose an appeal对书面文件的词句应当按照对提出词句的当事人尤为不利的原则来解释verba chartarum fortius accipiuntur contra proferentem对外经济法律顾问处Foreign Economic Legal Consultancy Office对外经济律师事务所foreign trade law firm对外经济贸易仲裁委员会Foreign Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic对物诉讼令状writ in rem对帐reconcile, reconciliation多边公约multilateral convention多边国际公约multi-latreal international conventions多分a larger share多头long position, bull position多头仲裁multiple arbitration多于一名人士2 or more persons多元立法体制plural legislative structure多元主义pluralism峨边彝族自治县Ebian Yi Nationality Autonomous County恩施土家族苗族自治县Enshi Tujia Nationality Miao Nationality Autonomous County恩恤付款ex gratia payment二审second instance二审裁定书order of second instance二审法院Court of Second Instance二审判决书written order of Second Instance二者只能择其一the inclusion of one is the exclusion of the other发回重审remand a lawsuit for a new trial发货人consignor, shipper发生法律效力be legally effective发现discovery发行审核委员会the Issuance Examination Commission发展规划development plan罚款Fin法案bill法定部门statutory machinery法定代表律师Official Solicitor法定代表人legal representative法定代理人legal agent法定继承legal inheritance法定继承人legal heir法定监护人legal guardian法定期限time limit provided by law法定义务legal duty法定语言legal language法定主管当局statuory authority法官法judges law法官考评委员会committee for the examination and appraisal of judges 法规laws and regulations法纪Law and Discipline法纪监督supervision over legal discipline法理背景jurisprudential background法理背景jurisprudential base法理学jurisprudence法令decree法律程序文件written process法律冲突conflict of laws法律服务所Legal Service Office法律概念legal concept法律顾问处Legal Consultant Office法律后果legal effect法律解释权power of law interpretation法律面前人人平等equality before the law合法的legitimate法律上的财产处分legal disposition of property法律上的能力legal capacity法律效果legal effect法律行律juristic act法律行为act under the law法律性legality法律性文献legal document法律虚无主义legal nihilism法律依据legal basis法律制裁legal sanctions法律制度structure of the law法人legal person法人代表legal representative法人单位legal entity法人委托书power of attorney法庭程序文件process of court法团公司incorporated company法系地区relevant law area法学派别School of Legal Scholare法学研究所Institute of Law法医medicolegal法院court法院组织法organic law of the courts法制委员会Commission on Legislation Affairs翻新revision反驳disprove反对通知书notice of objection反革命宣传煽动罪crime of counter revolutionary propaganda and incitement 反革命罪crime of counter-revolution反悔repudiate, resile反诉counter-claim反要约counter offer反走私anti-smuggling返还restitution返还性损害赔偿金restitutionary damages犯commit犯人convict犯罪分子offender犯罪客观方面objective aspect of crime犯罪客体object of crime犯罪事实particulars of offense犯罪心意mens rea犯罪行为actus reus犯罪中止discontinuation of a crime犯罪主观subject of crime犯罪主观方面subjective aspect of crime贩卖毒品crime of drug trafficking贩卖假药罪crime of selling bogus medicines贩卖淫秽物品罪crime of selling pornographic articles贩运伪造的国家货币罪crime of trafficking in counterfeit national currency方便与公平的原则principles of convenience and fairness防城各族自治县Fangcheng Ge Nationality Autonomous County防止性禁制令prohibitory injunction妨碍pervert妨碍司法公正interfere with the course of justice妨碍司法公正obstruction of justice妨害公务罪crime of interference with public administration妨害公务罪crime of interference with state functions妨害社会管理秩序罪crime of disrupting the order of social administration妨害他人婚姻家庭罪crime of disrupting marriage and the family房款凭证evidence of purchasing money for real estate房屋的产权property right in real estate房屋估价单home appraisal report房屋继承successor in title, transferee in real estate, transferee mottoes放火罪crime of arson放弃relinquish放弃waive放行条release pass非专业人士lay persons非法unlawful非法illegal非法查封unlawful foreclosure非法查封财产unlawfully seal up property非法逮捕, 拘禁或搜身unlawful arrest, detention, and search非法的告发wrongful prosecution非法的检举wrongful prosecution非法购买illegally purchasing非法拘禁罪crime of unlawful detention非法同居关系cohabiting unlawfully非法制造枪支及弹药罪crime of illegally manufacturing firearms and ammunition 非法转让unlawful assign men非婚生子女illegitimate child诽谤defame法律词汇汉英互译（三）发表时间：2005-11-22 11:47:00 阅读数次：229废除repeal分割partition分居live separate and apart分离severance分期付款installment payment分期付款by instalment分期支付by instalment分权共有人co-owner分权学说doctrine of separation of powers分摊apportion分租sub-lease纷争的解决settlement to disputes丰宁满族自治县Fengning Manchu Autonomous Region风险投资venture capital封宗法主意思想feudal legal thought佛山市Foshan Municipality否定repudiate否决权veto power否认deny否认立约non est factum夫妻spouse夫妻感情goodwill as between spouses夫妻共同所有财产joint property of the spouses夫妻关系spousal relationship夫妻关系中的子女a child of a union of concubinage夫妻间有互相扶养的义务mutual obligation between spouses for maintenance of one another 夫妻名义pugitive spouses夫妻身份spousal relationship夫妻在婚姻关系存续期间while a spousal relationship subsists扶养的义务mutual maintenance support obligation扶养费maintenance符号sign福利社会welfare society福州市Fuzhou Municipality抚顺市Fushun Municipality抚养foster抚养费cost of maintenance抚养关系的继父子foster father and son relationship父母权parental right付购re-purchase付清余款paid the residual balance负责be responsible附带民事诉讼supplementary civil action附录Appendix附件Appendix附属公司subsidiary附属于collateral to阜新蒙古族自治县Fuxin Mongolia Autonomous Country复合氨基酸compound amino acid复核审法院Court of Review复息compound interest复议review复员费decommission pay复员军人demobilized serviceman副检察长Deputy Chief Procuratoy富川瑶族自治县Fuchuan Yao Nationality Autonomous改过自新remorse and reform盖章seal干部cadre干扰disturb干扰证人interfere with a witness干预intervention甘肃省Gansu Province肝炎hepatitis感化influence感情破裂loss of affection赣州市Ganzhou Municipality港币发行权authority to issue Hong Kong currency革委会revolutionary committee格式合同standard form of contract个人财产personal property个体户individual household个体劳动者所有权individual worker's ownership各级at different levels各级地方政府local government at several levels各尽所能from each according to his ability各省of all provinces给予assign给予适当的经济帮助render suitable financial assistance给予援助令状Writ of Assistance根本法律fundamental law根据成文法推定的默示条款terms implied by legislation根据法院判决推定的默示条款terms implied by courts根据惯例推定的默示条款terms implied by usage根据婚姻法的规定according to Marriage Law provisions更改alter更换replacement工矿产品合同试行条例The Trial Implementing Regulations on Contracts of Industrial and Mineral Product工矿区industrial and mining district工农联盟Alliance of Workers and Peasants工商统一税unified industrial-commercial tax工作场所work place公检法机关organs of the public security, the procuracy and the court公安Public Security Officers公安部Ministry of Public Security公安部法规局The Bureau of Policies and Regulations of the Ministry of Public Security公安处Public Security Office公安机关Public Security Organs公安机关行政处罚决定Public Security Penalty Decision公安局Public Security Bureau公安派出所local police station公安人员Public Security Officers公共开支public expenditure公共性public character公共帐目的审计制度system for auditing public accounts公共政策public policy公共政策的原则principle of public policy公共秩序public order公共主管当局competent authority公积金public accumulation funds公检法public security organs, procuratorial organs and people's courts公开disclose公开聆讯方式public hearing公开审理public hearing公民citizen公民劳动义务civic duty to work公平fair公社commune公司enterprise公司存在期限duration of company公司章程Articles of Association公诉public prosecution公诉机关public prosecution organ公诉人public prosecutor公诉书bill of indictment公务人员public official公有制public ownership system公约国Convention country公约证明书Convention certificates公证承付notarial act of honour公证会计师办事处Notarial Accountants' Office公证机关notary public公证人public notary公证证明notarial certification公职public office公众假期public holiday公众假日public holiday公众利益public advantage供认confession供述confession供销合作社supply and marketing co-operative共负盈亏share profits and losses共谋collude共青团中央The Central Committee of the Communist Young League 共识政府Government by consensus共同被告人co-defendant共同财产common property共同犯罪joint offence共同纲领common programme共同权利a joint right共同实施违法行为jointly committed the offence共同误解common mistake共同原告co-plaintiff共同债务joint debts共享软件shareware勾结collude构成要件constitutive requirements估计assess股东大会stock-holder meeting股份有限公司stock limited company固定资产fixed capital故意intention故意的动机intentional motive故意破坏公私财物罪crime of intentionally sabotaging public or private property故意杀人罪crime of intentional homicide故意伤害intentional injury故意伤害致人死亡intentional infliction of bodily injury resulting in a person's death故意伤害致死罪crime of intentionally injuring another which resulted in death故意伤害罪crime of intentional injury故意投毒spreading poison with intent雇佣合同employment contract寡妇widow挂靠be subordinate to挂牌公司company-in-name拐卖人口罪crime of abducting and trafficking human beings关键pivotal issue关税壁垒customs barrier关系恶化worsening of relations关系过远remote关押custody关员级人员customs officer官僚主义bureaucracy官职public office管卡压interference, obstruction and oppression管理办法Administrative Measures行政措施Administrative Measures管辖范围scope of jurisdiction管辖权jurisdiction管有令状writ of possession管制control管制public surveillance管制regulate贯彻执行executed in fact广东省Guangdong Province广西壮族自治区Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region归还restitution规范regulate规则rule规章directive桂林市Guilin Municipality锅炉压力容器检验所Inspection Institution for Boiler Pressing Containers国防部Ministry of National Defense国防科学技术工业委员会National Defense Scientific Technological Industry国际供应合同international supply contract国际惯例international common practice国际惯例international practice国际海事卫星组织公约Convention on the International Maritime Satellite Organization 国际私法private international law国际运输international transport国家安全局The State Administration of National Security国家版权局State Copyright Bureau国家保密局State Bureau of Protection of Confidential Documents国家编制委员会State Organization Commission国家标准局State Standard Bureau国家测绘局State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping国家城市建设总局State City Construction General Bureau国家出版局State Publication Bureau国家出入境检验检疫局The State Administration for Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine国家档案局State Archives Bureau国家地震局State Seismology Bureau法律词汇汉英互译（四）发表时间：2005-11-28 13:21:00 阅读数次：303国家电力公司State Electric Power Corporation国家发展计划委员会State Development & Planning Commission国家防汛总指挥郭办公室State Flood Prevention General Command Office国家房管局State Housing Management Bureau国家纺织工业局State Administration on Textile Industry国家纺织工业局State Textile Industry Bureau国家工商行政管理局State Administration for Industry and Commerce国家公诉人State Prosecutor国家广播电影电视总局The State Broadcasting Film and Television Administration国家国防动员委员会National Defense Mobilization Commission国家国内贸易局State Administration for Domestic Trade国家国有资产管理局State State-owned Assets Administration Bureau国家海洋局State Oceanic Administration国家核安全局State Nuclear Safety Bureau国家环境保护总局State Environment Protection Administration国家黄金管理局State Gold Administration Bureau国家机关人民防空办公室State Organ People Air Defence Office国家机械工业局State Administration of Machinery Industry国家基本建设委员会State Infrastructure Commission国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission国家计划委员会State Planning Commission国家计量局State Metrological Bureau机部机械设备成套总局General Office of Complete Set of Machinery of the First Machinery Industry Ministry of the State Construction Commission国家建筑材料工业局State Construction Materials Industry Administration国家教育委员会State Education Commission国家结构state structure国家进出口管理委员会State Import & Export Regulatory Commission国家进出口银行State Import & Export Bank国家禁毒委员会National Ban Drugs Commission国家经济贸易委员会State Economy & Trade Commission国家经济体制改革委员会State Commission for Restructuring Economy国家经济委员会State Economy Commission国家开发银行State Development Bank国家开发银行办公厅General Office of State Development Bank国家科委自然科学奖励委员会State Science Commission国家科学发明评选委员会State Science Commission Invent Selection Commission 国家科学技术委员会State Scientific and Technological Commission国家劳动总局State Labour Bureau国家粮食储备局State Grain Reserves Bureau国家林业局State Bureau of Forestry国家旅游局State Bureau of Tourism国家煤炭工业局State Coal Industry Administration国家密码管理委员会办公室State Secret code Regulatory Commission Office国家民族事务委员会State National Affairs Commission国家南极考察委员会National South Pole Investigation Commission国家能源投资公司State Energy Resources Investment Corporation国家能源委员会State Energy Resources Commission国家农业委员会State Agriculture Commission国家农业综合开发办公室State Agriculture Comprehensive Development Office国家破产储量管理局State Minerals Reserves Administration Bureau国家器具state apparatus国家轻工业局State Light Industry Administration国家轻工业局State Light Industry Bureau国家人防委员会State People's Air Defense Commission国家人事局State Personnel Bureau国家商标局State Trademark Bureau国家商检局State Commodity Inspection Bureau国家石油和化学工业局State Petroleum and Chemical Industry国家水产总局State Aquatic Product General Bureau国家税务局National Taxation Head Office国家税务总局State Administration on Taxation国家所有权state ownership国家体育运动委员会State Physical Culture and Sports Commission国家体育总局State Administration of Sports国家统计局State Statistics Bureau国家土地State owned land国家土地管理局China Land Administration Bureau国家外国专家局State Foreign Expert Bureau国家外汇管理局State Foreign Exchange Administration Bureau国家文物局State Cultural Relic Bureau国家无线电管理委员会State Radio Regulatory Commission国家物价局State Price Control Bureau国家物资局State Commodities Bureau国家新闻出版署National News Publication Bureau (National Copyright Bureau) 国家行政区域划分demarcation of national administrative zones国家行政学院Chinese Academy of Engineering Sciences国家烟草专卖局State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau国家药品监督管理局State Drug Administration国家冶金工业局State Metallurgical Industry Bureau国家邮政局State Post Office Bureau国家有色金属工业局State Non-Ferrous Metal Industry Bureau国家语言文字工作委员会State Language Affairs Commission国家知识产权局State Intellectual Property Bureau国家制度state system国家质量技术监督局State Bureau of Quality Technical Supervision国家中医药管理局State Chinese Medicine Administration Bureau国家主席President of the State国家自然科学基金委员会State Natural Science Funds Commission国家宗教事务局State Bureau of Religious Affairs国库券treasury bills国民政府National Government国体polity国土资源部Ministry of Natural Resources国务院State Council国务院Safety manufacture Commission of the State Council国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council国务院参事室Counsellor Office of the State Council国务院出版事业管理局Publication Cause Administration Bureau of the Council国务院电子振兴领导小组办公室Electronic Rejuvenation Leading Group Office of the State Council国务院发展研究中心The State Development Research Center国务院法制办Legal Affairs Office of the State Council国务院法制局Bureau of the Legislative Affairs under the State Council国务院扶贫开发办Aid-the-Poor Development Office of the State Council国务院港澳办Hong Kong and Macao Office of the State Council国务院工资制度改革小组Salary Reform Group of the State Council国务院关税税则委员会Customs tariff Commission of the State Council国务院环境保护领导小组Environment Protection Leading Group of the State Council国务院机关事务管理局Bureau of Institutional Affairs of the State Council国务院计划生育领导小组Family Planning Leading Group of the State Council国务院减轻企业负担部际联席会议Lighten the Burden on the CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY国务院经法规研究中心Research Centre for Economic Legislation Under the State Council国务院经济法规研究中心Economic Law Research Center of the State Council国务院经济贸易办公室Economic and Trade Office of the State Council国务院纠正行业不正之风办公室Correcting Industrial Illegitimate Practice Office of the State Council国务院军队转业干部安置工作小组Demobilized Army Cadre Emplacement Leading Group of the State Council国务院科技干部局Science and Technology Cadre Bureau of the State Council国务院科技教育领导小组办公室Science and Technology Education Leading Group Office of the State Council国务院口岸领导小组Port Leading Group of the State Council国务院农村发展研究中心Rural Development Research Center of the State Council国务院贫困地区经济开发领导小组Impoverished Area Economic Development Leading Group of the State Council国务院企业管理委员会Enterprise Regulatory Commission of the State Council国务院侨务办公室Oversea Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council国务院清产核资领导小组Liquidition and Assets Check Group of the State Council国务院清产核资领导小组办公室Liquidation Assets Check Leading Group Office of the State Council 国务院清理三角债导小组Clearing "Chain Debts" Leading Group of the State Council国务院清理固定资产投资项目领导小组Liquidition Fixed Asset Investment Projects Leading Group of the State Council国务院三峡工程建设委员会Three Gorges Project Construction Commission of the State Council国务院三线建设调整改造规划办公室San Xian Construction Adjustment Reorganization Planning Office of the State Council国务院生产办公室Manufacture Office of the State Council国务院水土保持委员会Water Soil Conservation Commission of the State Council国务院税收财务物价大检查办公室) Taxation Accounting Commodity Price Examination Office of the State Council国务院台湾事务办公室Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council国务院特区办公室Special Zone Office of the State Council国务院体制改革办公室System Reform Office of the State Council国务院统一着装管理委员会Uniform Regulatory Commission of the State Council国务院退伍军人和军队离退休干部安置领导小组Demobilized Soldier and Army Retired Cadre Emplacement Leading Group of the State Council国务院外事办Foreign Affairs Bureau of the State Council国务院稀土领导小组Rare-Earth Leading Group of the State Council国务院新闻办公室News Office of the State Council国务院信息化工作领导小组Information Work Leading Group of the State Council国务院学位委员会Academic Degree Commission of the State Council国务院证券委员会Securities Commission of the State Council国务院知青办Intellectual Young People Office of the State Council国务院知识产权办公会议办公室Intellectual Property Working Meeting Office of the State Council国务院住房制度改革领导小组Housing System Reform Leading Group of the State Council国有股state-owned shares国有股减持reduce state's stake in listed companies国债投资treasury bond investment国债专项资金special fund for treasury bond哈尔滨市Harbin Municipality海关法customs law海关税customs duties海关总署General Customs Administration海军司令部Commander Department of the Navy 海事法院admiralty court海洋公约the Hague Convention含糊ambiguity邯郸市Handan Municipality汉族Han people合并merger合法lawful合法的房屋所有权legitimate land ownership right 合法继承人lawful successor合法权益lawful benefit合法权益lawful right合法收入legitimate income合法受让人lawful assignee合法性legality合肥市Hefei Municipality合伙生意partnership合计惩处aggregate punishment合理的reasonable合理的考虑reasonable contemplation合理的预见reasonable foresee ability合理期限reasonable time合理时限reasonable time法律词汇汉英互译（五）发表时间：2005-12-3 1:01:00 阅读数次：893合理性方面的要求requirement of reasonableness 合理性要求requirement of reasonableness合谋conspire合谋诈骗conspiratorial swindling合适的处分appropriate penalty合适的处分just penalty合适人选fit person合同变更modification of contract合同当事人contracting parties合同当事人相互关系privity of contract合同法law of contract合同前仲裁pre-contract arbitration合同条款的分类classification of terms合同转让assignment of contract合议纪要summary of discussion合议庭Collegiate Bench合议制collegiate system合营期限duration of joint ventures合约contract合约一方party合约责任contractual obligation合作经营企业co-operative venture和解accord河北省高级人民法院High People's Court of Hebei Province核实verify核实证据verified evidence黑龙江省Heilongjiang Province横向关系horizontal relationship衡平法equity衡平法赋予的自由裁量权equitable discretion衡平法上的补救措施equitable remedy衡阳市Hengyang Municipality哄抢财产roaring seizure后法优于前法lex posterior derogat lex priori后果的严重程度severity of consequence后续条件condition subsequent呼和浩特市Huhehaote Municipality互免签证协议visa exemption agreement互相帮助assist each other互相抵押mutual security互相供养的责任感a sense of mutual obligation to support one another 互相印证corroborate互选elect from among themselves互争权利诉讼interpleader proceedings户口尚未解决residence account in the city not yet properly arranged 华侨事务委员会Oversea Chinese Affairs Commission淮南市Huainan Municipality缓期执行suspension of execution缓刑suspended sentence患精神病mentally ill, psychologically ill恢复resume恢复行使主权resume the exercise of sovereignty挥霍浪费spendthrift挥霍浪费waste徽章honour回报return回报payoff回报率rate of return回避withdrawal回购协议repurchase agreement回扣commit悔改remorse悔改repent悔罪repentance汇票draft贿赂bribery惠州市Huizhou Municipality婚外性关系sexual relations outside marriage婚姻登记所Marriage Registration Office婚姻法marriage law婚姻基础basis for marriage婚姻授产协议marriage settlement混合饲料mixed provender货证bill of lading获得procurement机械工业委员会Machinery Industry Commission基本法Basic Law基本法律basic statute基本权利和义务fundamental rights and duties基本人权fundamental human rights基本性国家法律overriding national law基本政策fundamental policies基层公安机关grassroots public security agencies基层人民法院Basic People's Court基层人民法院副院长Basic People's Court vice-president基层人民法院院长Basic People's Court president缉私anti-smuggling及时promptness即此函达尚希见复为荷respectfully submitted for clearance 极刑capital punishment集会结社assembly and association集体企业collectively owned enterprise集体所有collective ownership集体所有制单位unit under collective ownership集体土地collective-owned land计划经济planned economy计划生育family planning技术产权交易所technology equity market济南市Jinan Municipality济宁市Jining Municipality继承in succession继承纠纷succession dispute继承权right in succession继承人successor继承人多many successors and beneficiaries and not suitable for division 继承遗产take as a beneficiary under an estate继父母step parent继续进行to proceed继子女step-child寄递consignment寄养子女foster child寄运consignment加权平均值weighted average加重刑罚Aggravate Punishment佳木斯市Kiamusze Municipality家庭财产分割协议marriage settlement家庭成员family members家庭法family law家庭副业family sideline production假冒商标passing of trademark假冒商标罪crime of passing off trademarks假释parole假证据false evidence奸淫幼女罪crime of having sexual intercourse with a minor坚决要求firmly demanded间接法indirect rule兼容性compatibility监察部Ministry of Supervision监察局Supervisory Bureau监督supervise监护人guardian监内执行execution of punishment inside the prison监视surveillance监视居住residential surveillance监狱Prison and Detention houses减轻处罚reduced punishment减轻损失mitigation检查鉴定结论conclusion after examination检查员censor检察长chief procurator检察机关procuratorate检察人员procurator检察委员会Procuratorial Committee检察委员会会员Procuratorial Committee member检察委员会检察员Procuratorial Committee procurator检察委员会书记员Procuratorial Committee clerk检察委员会助理检察员Procuratorial Committee assistant procurator检举accusation检控institute a public prosecution检验examination简单合同simple contract。

合同法律法规英汉法律翻译讲义

律翻译讲义0导论：法律文件的翻译0.1法律英语的特点法律英语是指法律界通用的书面英语（包括法律、法规、条例、规章、协定、判决、裁定等），尤其是指律师起草法律文件（合同、章程、协议、契约等）惯常使用的语言。

法律英语有其自身的特点，词语、词义、专业用语和表达方式有别于普通英语，形成了一种特殊的文体。

语言学界把这种文体归为“庄重的”（solemn）、“刻板的”（rigid）文体，是因为法律英语语句正规，有一定的程式，专用于严肃客观地表述所涉事项。

也有人认为这种文体是“神秘的”（mystical），甚至是“矫揉造作的”（assiduouslystilted），理由是法律英语文词艰涩难懂，语句冗长复杂。

但不管怎样，法律文件必须用词准确，结构严谨，并采用业内普遍接受的格式，以充分体现法律的严肃性和严密性。

从事法律翻译，首先应当了解法律英语的特点。

为此，有必要从词汇和句法两个方面人手，对法律英语作一些探讨。

0.2法律文件的用语法律文件往往使用正式的（formal）词语、被赋予专门意义并已进入法律英语范畴的普通词语、英语古词语料来词语（主要来自拉丁语）、法律术语和行话、套话。

1）使用正式的词语体现法律英语文体特点的，首先是法律文件偏爱“正式的”词语——与普通语言不一样的词语。

正式词语在各类法律文件中随处可见。

例如，在合同中，不用before而用prior，不用after而用subsequent，不用but而用providedthat，在这几个例子中，常用词都被正式的词取代。

其他的正式用语还有：construe,deem,operate,same,objectto,whereas,without,prejudice等等。

宣誓书（affividat）的正式用语有beingfirstdulysworn,deposeandsays;beforeme,anotarypublic。

而判决书则用Nowtherefore,Itisordered,adjudged,anddecreed做出判决。

法律翻译

一、汉译英1.长期合同a long-term contract2.短期合同a short-term contract3.完成合同completion of contract4.期货合同contract for future delivery5.订货合同contract for goods6.采购合同contract for purchase7.劳务合同contract for service8.劳动合同labor contract9.买卖合同（证书）contract note10.仲裁合同contract of arbitration11.运输合同Carriage contract12.客运合同Passenger Carriage Contract13.货运合同Cargo Carriage contract14.技术合同Technology Contract15.技术开发合同Technology Development Contract16.技术转让合同Technology Transfer Contract17.技术咨询合同Technology Consulting Contract18.技术服务合同Technology Service Contract19.保管合同Safekeeping Contract20.仓储合同Warehousing Contract21.委托合同Agency Appointment Contract22.-行纪合同Trade-trusting Contrast23.居间合同Brokerage Contract24.-多式联运合同Multi-modal Carriage Contract25.雇佣合同Contract of employment26.保险合同Contract of Insurance27.销售合同Contract of sale28.买卖合同Sales contract29.供电、水、气、热合同Contract for Supply of power, water, gas or heat30.赠与合同Gift Contract31.借款合同Contract for Loan of money32.租赁合同Leasing Contract33.融资租赁合同Financial Leasing Contract34.承揽合同Contracts of hired work35.建设工程合同Contracts for Construction Project二、英译汉1.contract life 合同有效期2. a nice fat contract 一个很有利的合同3. a written contract 书面合同4.an executor contract 尚待执行的合同5.breach of contract 违反合同6.cancellation of contract 撤销合同7.contract parties 合同当事人8.contract period (or contract term) 合同期限9.contract price 合约价格10.contract provisions/stipulations合同规定11.contract sales 订约销售12.contract terms (or contract clause) 合同条款13.contract wages 合同工资14.contract 合同，订立合同15.contractor 订约人16.contractual claim 根据合同的债权17.contractual damage 合同引起的损害18.contractual dispute 合同上的争议19.contractual guarantee 合同规定的担保20.contractual income 合同收入21.contractual liability/obligation 合同规定的义务22.contractual practice/usage 合同惯例23.contractual specifications 合同规定24.contractual terms & conditions 合同条款和条件25.contractual 合同的，契约的26.contractual-joint-venture 合作经营，契约式联合经营27.copies of the contract 合同副本28.originals of the contract 合同正本29.execution of contract/performance of contract 履行合同30.expiration of contract 合同期满31.interpretation of contract解释合同32.renewal of contract 合同的续约33. This contract is made in two originals that should be held by each party.此合同一式两份，由双方各持一正本。

法律词汇汉英互译

法律词汇汉英互译
在进行国际贸易和国际法律交流时，常常需要
进行汉英语言的互译。

找到正确的翻译，可以避
免交流中出现的误解和问题，是非常重要的事情。

本文汇总了一些常见的法律词汇，以方便您进行
汉英互译。

法律本身相关的词汇
English to Chinese (英语 - 中文)
•attorney: 律师
•court: 法庭
•judge: 法官
•lawsuit: 诉讼
•litigation: 诉讼
Chinese to English (中文 - 英语)
•律师: lawyer
•法庭: court
•法官: judge
•诉讼: lawsuit
•诉讼: litigation
合同相关的词汇
English to Chinese (英语 - 中文)•contract: 合同
•agreement: 协议
•breach of contract: 违约•terms and conditions: 条款和条件•termination: 终止
Chinese to English (中文 - 英语)•合同: contract
•协议: agreement。

法律词汇汉英互译

法律词汇汉英互译法律词汇汉英互译废除repeal分割partition分居live separate and apart分离severance分期付款installment payment分期付款by instalment分期支付by instalment分权共有人co-owner分权学说doctrine of separation of powers分摊apportion分租sub-lease纷争的解决settlement to disputes丰宁满族自治县Fengning Manchu Autonomous Region 风险投资venture capital封宗法主意思想feudal legal thought佛山市Foshan Municipality否定repudiate否决权veto power否认deny否认立约non est factum夫妻spouse夫妻感情goodwill as between spouses夫妻共同所有财产joint property of the spouses夫妻关系spousal relationship夫妻关系中的子女a child of a union of concubinage 夫妻间有互相扶养的义务mutual obligation between spouses for maintenance of one another夫妻名义pugitive spouses夫妻身份spousal relationship夫妻在婚姻关系存续期间while a spousal relationship subsists 扶养的义务mutual maintenance support obligation 扶养费maintenance符号sign福利社会welfare society福州市Fuzhou Municipality抚顺市Fushun Municipality抚养foster抚养费cost of maintenance抚养关系的继父子foster father and son relationship 父母权parental right付购re-purchase付清余款paid the residual balance负责be responsible附带民事诉讼supplementary civil action附录Appendix附件Appendix附属公司subsidiary附属于collateral to阜新蒙古族自治县Fuxin Mongolia Autonomous Country 复合氨基酸compound amino acid复核审法院Court of Review复息compound interest复议review复员费decommission pay复员军人demobilized serviceman副检察长Deputy Chief Procuratoy富川瑶族自治县Fuchuan Yao Nationality Autonomous 改过自新remorse and reform盖章seal干部cadre干扰disturb干扰证人interfere with a witness干预intervention甘肃省Gansu Province肝炎hepatitis感化influence感情破裂loss of affection赣州市Ganzhou Municipality港币发行权authority to issue Hong Kong currency革委会revolutionary committee格式合同standard form of contract个人财产personal property个体户individual household个体劳动者所有权individual worker's ownership各级at different levels各级地方政府local government at several levels各尽所能from each according to his ability各省of all provinces给予assign给予适当的经济帮助render suitable financial assistance 给予援助令状Writ of Assistance根本法律fundamental law根据成文法推定的默示条款terms implied by legislation 根据法院判决推定的默示条款terms implied by courts根据惯例推定的默示条款terms implied by usage根据婚姻法的规定according to Marriage Law provisions更改alter更换replacement工矿产品合同试行条例The Trial Implementing Regulations on Contracts of Industrial and Mineral Product工矿区industrial and mining district工农联盟Alliance of Workers and Peasants工商统一税unified industrial-commercial tax工作场所work place公检法机关organs of the public security, the procuracy and the court公安Public Security Officers公安部Ministry of Public Security公安部法规局The Bureau of Policies and Regulations of the Ministry of Public Security公安处Public Security Office公安机关Public Security Organs公安机关行政处罚决定Public Security Penalty Decision公安局Public Security Bureau公安派出所local police station公安人员Public Security Officers公共开支public expenditure公共性public character公共帐目的审计制度system for auditing public accounts 公共政策public policy公共政策的原则principle of public policy公共秩序public order公共主管当局competent authority公积金public accumulation funds公检法public security organs, procuratorial organs and people's courts公开disclose公开聆讯方式public hearing公开审理public hearing公民citizen公民劳动义务civic duty to work公平fair公社commune公司enterprise公司存在期限duration of company公司章程Articles of Association公诉public prosecution公诉机关public prosecution organ公诉人public prosecutor公诉书bill of indictment公务人员public official公有制public ownership system公约国Convention country公约证明书Convention certificates公证承付notarial act of honour公证会计师办事处Notarial Accountants' Office 公证机关notary public公证人public notary公证证明notarial certification公职public office公众假期public holiday公众假日public holiday公众利益public advantage供认confession供述confession供销合作社supply and marketing co-operative 共负盈亏share profits and losses共谋collude共青团中央The Central Committee of the Communist Young League共识政府Government by consensus共同被告人co-defendant共同财产common property共同犯罪joint of fence共同纲领common programme共同权利a joint right共同实施违法行为jointly committed the offence共同误解common mistake共同原告co-plaintiff共同债务joint debts共享软件shareware勾结collude构成要件constitutive requirements估计assess股东大会stock-holder meeting股份有限公司stock limited company固定资产fixed capital故意intention故意的动机intentional motive故意破坏公私财物罪crime of intentionally sabotaging public or private property故意杀人罪crime of intentional homicide故意伤害intentional injury故意伤害致人死亡intentional infliction of bodily injury resulting in a person's death故意伤害致死罪crime of intentionally injuring another which resulted in death故意伤害罪crime of intentional injury故意投毒spreading poison with intent雇佣合同employment contract寡妇widow挂靠be subordinate to挂牌公司company-in-name拐卖人口罪crime of abducting and trafficking human beings 关键pivotal issue关税壁垒customs barrier关系恶化worsening of relations关系过远remote关押custody关员级人员customs officer官僚主义bureaucracy官职public office管卡压interference, obstruction and oppression管理办法Administrative Measures行政措施Administrative Measures管辖范围scope of jurisdiction管辖权jurisdiction管有令状writ of possession管制control管制public surveillance管制regulate贯彻执行executed in fact广东省Guangdong Province广西壮族自治区Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region归还restitution规范regulate规则rule规章directive桂林市Guilin Municipality锅炉压力容器检验所Inspection Institution for Boiler Pressing Containers国防部Ministry of National Defense国防科学技术工业委员会National Defense Scientific Technological Industry国际供应合同international supply contract国际惯例international common practice国际惯例international practice国际海事卫星组织公约Convention on the International Maritime Satellite Organization国际私法private international law国际运输international transport国家安全局The State Administration of National Security 国家版权局State Copyright Bureau国家保密局State Bureau of Protection of Confidential Documents国家编制委员会State Organization Commission国家标准局State Standard Bureau国家测绘局State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping国家城市建设总局State City Construction General Bureau 国家出版局State Publication Bureau国家出入境检验检疫局The State Administration for Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine国家档案局State Archives Bureau国家地震局State Seismology Bureau【Word 是学生和职场人士最常用的一款办公软件之一，99.99%的人知道它，但其实，这个软件背后，还有一大批隐藏技能你不知道。

2021年《合同法》司法解释中英文对照

《合同法》司法解释中英文对照Interpretations The Supreme People's Court of Certain Issues con ___rning The Application of The Contract Law of The People's Republic of China(Part One)De ___mber 29, 1999Interpretations The Supreme People's Court ofThe Contract Law of The People's Republic of China(Part One) FaShi [1999] No.19"The Supreme People''s Court''s Interpretations of Certain Issues Con ___rning the Application of the Contract Law of the People''s Republic of China(part One)" is adopted at the 1090th Session of the Adjudication Committee of the Supreme People''s Court on De ___mber 1, and is promulgated now, this law will be effective as of De___mber 29,1999. Pursuant to The Contract Law of the People''s Republic of China (hereinafter the "Contract Law"), and with a view to facilitating the proper adjudication of contractual disputes, we hereby promulgatethe following interpretations of ___rtain issues con___rning the application of the Contract Law by People''s Courts:I. Scope of Application of the LawArticle 1 Where a suit is brought to a People''s Court in respect of a dispute arising out of a contract formed after the operative date of the Contract Law, the provisions of the Contract Law shall apply; where a suit is brought to a法释（1999）19号（1999年12月1日最高人民 ___审判委员会第1090次会议通过）为了正确审理合同 ___件，根据《 ___合同法》（以下简称合同法）的规定，对人民 ___适用合同法的有关问题作出如下解释：第一条合同法实施以后成立的合同发生纠纷起诉到人民 ___的，适用合同法的规定；合同法实施以前成立的合同发生纠纷起诉到人民 ___的，除本解释另有规定的以外，适用当时的法律规定，当时没有法律规定的，可以适用People''s Court in respect of a dispute con ___rning 合同法的有关规定。

法律类合同中英汉翻译

法律类合同中：英——汉翻译“广告推广费用”是指在附表1第4段(2)中所列出的款项，其为在进行相关广告宣传和业务推广方面，所应由承租人负责承担的那部分费用，具体用于本协议中承租人所在大厦，承租人自身经营项目，业务范围，以及其他辅助性活动的广告宣传和业务推广，另外，该“广告推广费用”应由承租人，按照条款4.4及附表1第4段(2)中的规定，予以支付。

“基本租金”是指最小数额的固定租金，不包括百分比租金，服务费用，以及广告推广费用，相当于附表2中所列出的金额款项，并且，该基本租金将由承租人，按照附表2中的规定向业主予以支付。

“大厦”是指***购物中心，同时，其还包括购物中心内所有和任何部分，以及停车场，服务区，装卸区和其他区域，如上所述部分的使用权及享有权均隶属于大厦。

“租赁店铺”是指附表1第2段中所详细介绍的店铺，不包括外墙的外表面，边界墙的外表面，以及屋顶部分。

较长句段的翻译如果在租金，服务费，广告推广费用，以及其他应付款项到期后七（7）日，承租人仍未能全部支付如上所述之费用，或者只支付了如上所述之部分费用(不管业主是否已发出正式通知，要求承租人缴纳该租金，服务费，广告推广费用，以及其他应付款项)，或者业主因承租人的违约而拒绝接受其所支付的租金，服务费，广告推广费用，或其他应付款项，进而要求承租人除上述应付款项之外，还应支付因承租人的延迟支付而产生的，与如上全部款项或者与部分少支付款项有关的利息。

另外，如上所产生之利息将被视为承租人所拖欠的租金，要求承租人予以全额支付。

本租赁协议中任何条款均未赋予承租人可以在如上之全部款项到期之后，拒付或者延期支付到期应付的租金，服务费，广告推广费用和其他应付款项之权利，或者未赋予承租人可以凭借任何方式损害，影响或者背离业主根据本租赁协议中条款的规定，在承租人出现不支付行为后可以重获该租赁店铺所有权的权利（但在不得损害以上总则所述之情况的条件下）。

高翻20个翻译

1.He favored the efforts to improve relations with all peace-loving countries.他赞成为了同所有爱好和平的国家改善关系而进行努力。

2.“This is grasping at straws, I know,”said the helpless man.“我知道，这是在抓救命稻草，”他无可奈何地说。

3.They lingered long over his letter.他们不断地反复玩味着他的来信。

4.He ate and drank, for he was exhausted.他吃了点东西，喝点酒，因为他疲劳不堪了。

5.He was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair.他满脸皱纹，皮肤很黑，头发灰白稀疏。

6.Very acute problems exist among them.他们之间存在着种种非常尖锐的问题。

7.Mother insisted to this day that she thought I was just joking.直至今天母亲还坚持说，她当时以为我只是开开玩笑罢了。

8.This too was a complete lie.这也纯粹是一派胡言。

1.Either you do it, or we will get somebody who will.要么你去办，要么我们就让愿意办的人去办。

2.They would not have done such a thing without government approval.如果没有得到政府的同意，他们是不会做这种事的。

3.He did not really represent their opinions to the higher-ups, although he claimed he did. 他没有真正把他们的意见反映给上级，尽管他说已经反映过了。

Legal Translation 法律翻译技巧

• contract for service 劳务合同
• contract of sale 销售合同
• labor contract 劳动合同
• Sales Contract 买卖合同
• contract note 买卖合同（证书） • contract of arbitration 仲裁合同 • contract of carriage / Carriage
17
• a long-term contract 长期合同
• Trading-Trust Contract 行纪合同
• a short-term contract 短期合同
• Brokerage Contract 居间合同
• completion of contract 完成合同
• Multi-modal Carriage Contract
from that
在那裏；在那點上
thereinafter thereof
later in the same contract
concerning this / that
以下；在下文其中
whereby by what； by which 憑那個
wherein
in what； in which；在哪里；在哪點上
(4) Licensor fails to perform its obligations under this Contract. 許可人未能履行其合同義務。
9
3. 直接表達方式用得多，
間接表達方式用得少
(1) This Article does not apply to bondholders who have not been paid in full. （用得少）

合同法中英文

合同法中英文Contract Law (合同法)。

Preamble (序言)。

This contract is entered into by and between [Party A] and [Party B], hereinafter referred to as "the Parties", in accordance with the laws of [jurisdiction]. This contractis intended to govern the rights and obligations of the Parties with respect to [subject matter of the contract].本合同由[甲方]和[乙方]双方根据[jurisdiction]的法律订立，以下简称“双方”。

本合同旨在规范双方在[合同主题]方面的权利和义务。

Article 1: Definitions (定义)。

1.1 "Party A" refers to [legal name and address ofParty A].1.2 "Party B" refers to [legal name and address of Party B].1.3 "Subject Matter of the Contract" refers to [brief description of the subject matter of the contract].第一条，定义。

1.1 “甲方”指的是[甲方的法律名称和地址]。

1.2 “乙方”指的是[乙方的法律名称和地址]。

1.3 “合同主题”指的是[合同主题的简要描述]。

Article 2: Formation of Contract (合同的形成)。

2.1 This contract shall come into effect upon the mutual agreement and signature of both Parties.2.1 本合同应在双方相互同意并签署后生效。

合同翻译词汇

合同翻译词汇合同翻译词汇范本。

本合同翻译词汇范本（以下简称“范本”）由合同范本专家根据客户需求定制，旨在帮助客户理解和翻译合同中常见的法律术语和条款。

范本仅供参考之用，不构成法律意见或建议。

一、合同翻译词汇。

1. Party A: 甲方。

2. Party B: 乙方。

3. Agreement: 协议。

4. Terms and Conditions: 条款和条件。

5. Confidentiality: 保密性。

6. Indemnity: 赔偿。

7. Jurisdiction: 司法管辖权。

8. Force Majeure: 不可抗力。

9. Governing Law: 管辖法律。

10. Termination: 终止。

11. Amendment: 修正。

12. Breach: 违约。

13. Dispute Resolution: 争议解决。

14. Arbitration: 仲裁。

15. Governing Language: 管辖语言。

二、注意事项。

1. 翻译时应保持原文意思准确，避免遗漏或误译。

2. 部分法律术语在不同国家或地区可能有不同翻译，应根据具体情况进行调整。

3. 客户在翻译合同时应谨慎对待，如有疑问可咨询专业律师或翻译人员。

三、免责声明。

范本中的翻译词汇仅供参考之用，不构成法律意见或建议。

客户在使用范本时应自行承担责任，并在必要时寻求专业法律意见。

在合同翻译过程中，如有任何疑问或需要进一步咨询，请随时联系合同范本专家，我们将竭诚为您提供帮助。

合同翻译(看了这个之后做了多年翻译都白翻了)

合同翻译(看了这个之后做了多年翻译都白翻了)合同翻译（做了多年翻译都白翻了）合同翻译（做了这么久兼职翻译，尼玛终于找到教程了！源自北外高翻）一.hereby英文释义:by means of , by reason of this中文译词:特此,因此,兹用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。

语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语.例1：The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract.参考译文:业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。

注释:(hereinafter referred to as Party A) and Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party B) on (Date), in (Place), China, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through amicable consultation.注释：（1）hereby：特此（2）hereinafter referred to as Party A：以下称甲方（3）on the principle of equality and mutual benefit：在平等互利基础上（4）through amicable consultation：通过友好协商参考译文：本合同双方，公司（以下称甲方）与公司（以下称乙方），在平等互利基础上，通过友好协商，于年月日在中国（地点），特签订本合同。

高翻-合同法律类翻译

引子:鉴于现在对外交流事例逐渐增多,英文合同特别是经济合同的翻译愈显重要,若译文不准确或不严谨,势必会引起不必要的经济纠纷.故今以一英文(经济)合同写作书籍为蓝本,录入一些有益文字,希望大家共同提高英文(经济)合同的翻译和写作。

合同文件是合同双方签订并必须遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的语言应体现其权威性.英文合同用语的特点之一就表现在用词上,即选择那些法律用词,以及正式用词,使合同表达的意思准确无误,达到双方对合同中使用的词无可争议的程度。

一.hereby英文释义:by means of , by reason of this中文译词:特此,因此,兹用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。

注释:(1)hereby: by reason of this 特此(2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同(3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工(4)therein: in the Works在本工程中(5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价(6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which(7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照(8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款例2：We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request.注释：（1）hereby：特此（2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know据我们所知（3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述声明（4）herein：in this, in the statement在声明中（5）documentary proof：证明文件参考译文：特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并提供了全部现有的资料和数据，我们同意，应贵方要求出具证明文件。

高级法学英语课文翻译

Unit 1 Section A1。

在法学家的眼中，合同只是包含双方当事人意思一致的条款.合同经常被用于达成许诺的表示，法律会予以执行或至少会以某种方式加以确认。

英国法将合同定义为随着要约和承诺出现的一种协议。

一方当事人做出要约，另一方当事人接受要约.当这些发生的时候（提供其他必要的因素,即约因和订立合同的意向存在)，合同也就形成了。

2.在对合同定义的探讨中一些法学家认为承诺或者协议都不能完整的描述合同的定义。

法学家们声称《美国合同法重述》忽略了契约的本质，即等价交换是合同的本质。

没有迹象表明合同应该是双方的事务，一方承诺为某些事情，另一方承诺给予相应的报酬。

因此说合同是一个承诺就忽略了一个事实，即在承诺成为一个合同之前,通常有一些行为或承诺是为了其他承诺做出的。

甚至说，合同是由没有迹象表明它们是作为对其他承诺回报的一系列承诺构成的。

但是如果认为所有的合同都是一方提供商品，一方给予对等的价值交换的真诚契约，这种想法是错误的.3.每一个承诺都是一种协议,由多个承诺构成的每个人的对价也是一种协议。

协议意味着两个或两个以上的人对同样的事情上达成一致的意思表示。

它可能会产生法律义务，也可能不会产生法律义务，在这个层面上，并不是所有的协议在法律上都是可执行的.4.这些学者还是对这些定义持不同观点，他们认为依据合同承诺或契约所作解释的先决条件是当事人业已达成协议或承诺之后构成了合同关系。

事实上，情况并非总是如此.人们有时候进行交易并不是基于先前的承诺或协议。

典型例子就是同时发生的买卖交易.在商场里买东西然后为所买物品支付相应对价。

5。

毫无疑问这些都是合法的合同，但是却被人看作是由协议或承诺产生的合同。

在这种情况下坚持认为在交换金钱和物品前要有先协议或一系列承诺存在意味着双方当事人有时间受法律约束去履行他们的承诺或协议.但情况不一定就是这样.还必须认识到这也可能是很好的主张,即就法律意图而言，在买卖进行之前就有隐含的协议存在。

法规、合同类文章的翻译

C
4)语序的调整汉语表达方式忌讳“头重脚轻”,即主语或修饰中心词
的定语过长的现象。而日语由于其用言有活用形，所以偏爱长句表达，所以汉译日时应该注意。例：采取必要措施，加强矿产资源的保护及管理,……。译：鉱物資源の保存及び管理の強化を図るための所要の措置を講じ、……。如果直译，这句话就译成「必要な措置をとって、鉱物資源の保護及び管理を強化する」,当然，内容本身没有变化，但是从表达习惯上看，不自然。
B 课堂小节环节
（一）对比中日法规合同类的异同与注意事项此类文章中日文的异同，了解相同点，重点把握不同点以翻译时的注
意事项。相同点：
都有固定的书写格式。另外，在正文中常常会出现条款中包含各个细则的情况，在翻译这类内容时也有固定格式可以参考。用词简练、准确。法规合同类文章属于行政应用文范畴的文体,因此,行文必须讲究效率，言简意赅。不同点：
爱因斯坦表明：甚至连科学语言也缺乏正确性，各种概念都缺乏其确切性。法律，合同的翻译就需要更加严谨。
日语与汉语作为两个相对独立的语言体系，语法、表达习惯等差异所造成的表现方式上的不同很多。因此,在翻译法规合同类文章的过程中,既要客观准确，又要规范通顺。除了掌握日汉同类文章共通的固定撰写方法外, 还应该掌握相应的专业知识、专业术语以及此类文章的常用文体及表达形式。
C 课堂小节环节
（二）常用表达
（1）汉语法规类文章，大多以“在何种背景下,为达成某一目的,根据相关法律(或经过政府审议)制定本条例(办法、规章等)如下”开头。汉译日时,是有相应格式可循的,其典型译法包括:
背景
にかんがみ
て、
目的
をふまえ、
を背景に、
をるため、をめざして、根拠

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例3：This Contract is hereby made and concluded by and between Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party B) on (Date), in (Place), China, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through amicable consultation.注释：（1）hereby：特此（2）hereinafter referred to as Party A：以下称甲方（3）on the principle of equality and mutual benefit：在平等互利基础上（4）through amicable consultation：通过友好协商参考译文：本合同双方，公司（以下称甲方）与公司（以下称乙方），在平等互利基础上，通过友好协商，于年月日在中国（地点），特签订本合同。

例4：This agreement is hereby made and entered into on (Date), by and between Co. China (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party B).注释：（1）this agreement is hereby made and entered into：特此订立本协议在法律文件中表示“订立本协议”可用以下4个动词：sign (make, conclude or enter into) this agreement, 按照同义词连用的写作特点，可用上述4个动词中的两个来表示）。

（2）hereinafter referred to as Party B：以下简称乙方参考译文：本协议特由中国公司（以下简称甲方）与公司（以下简称乙方）于年月日订立。

二 hereof英文释义: of this中文译词:关于此点；在本文件中用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的……”时，使用该词。

例如表示本合同条件、条款时，可以说“the terms, conditions and provisions hereof”，这里hereof表示“of this Contract”；又如表示本工程的任何部分，可用“any parts hereof”，这里hereof表示“of this Works”。

语法：一般置于要修饰的名词的后面，与之紧邻。

hereof和thereof的区别：hereof强调“of this”。

例如，上面的“the terms, conditions and provisions thereof”中的thereof表示of the Contract；“any parts thereof”中的thereof表示of the Works。

例1Whether the custom of the Port is contrary to this Clause or not, the owner of the goods shall, without interruption, by day and night, including Sundays and holidays (if required by the carrier), supply and take delivery of the goods. Provided that the owner of the goods shall be liable for all losses or damages including demurrage incurred in default on the provisions hereof.注释：（1）Whether the custom of the Port is contrary to this Clause or not：不论港口习惯是否与本款规定相反，whether… or not：不论……是否（2）the owner of the goods：货方（3）without interruption：无间断地（4）carrier：承运人（5）in default on the provisions hereof：违反本款规定hereof：of this Clause参考译文：不论港口习惯是否与本款规定相反，货方都应昼夜地，包括星期日和假日（如承运人需要），无间断地提供和提取货物。

货方对违反本款规定所引起的所有损失或损坏，包括滞期应负担赔偿责任。

例2Foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this Law shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, cover such legal entities and other organization as are engaged in foreign trade dealings.注释：（1）foreign trade dealers：对外贸易经营者（2）as mentioned in this Law：本法所称（3）the provisions hereof：the provisions of this Law 本法规定（5）be engaged in foreign trade dealings：从事对外贸易经营活动参考译文：本法所称对外贸易经营者，是指依照本法规定从事对外贸易经营活动的法人和其他组织。

例3The establishment of a limited liability company or a company limited by shares shall comply with the conditions and provisions of this Law. A company complying with the conditions and provisions hereof may be registered as a limited liability company or a company limited by shares. Provided that if a company fails to comply with the conditions and provisions hereof, the company in question shall not be registered as a limited liability company or a company limited by shares.注释：（1）a limited liability company：有限责任公司（2）a company limited by shares：股份有限公司（3）provisions hereof：本法规定hereof: of this Law（4）may be registered as：登记为参考译文：设立有限责任公司、股份有限公司，必须符合本法规定的条件。