专业英语APPT课件
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《专业英语》课件(7)-Steady_State
（5）It must be admitted that… 必须承认，……
（6）It appears (seems) that… 看来……，似乎…… （7）It is stated (said, reported, estimated, calculated, suggested, guessed, supposed) that…据说（报道，统 计，推算，建议，猜测，推测）……，一般认
steady-state error final value theorem distinguish type number integer integrator ramp n. n. n. v. 稳态误差 终值定理 区分，辨别 型数 整数 积分环节，积分器 斜坡
acceleration
n.
加速度
扰动误差
disturbance error
superposition
identical
n.
a.
叠加
相同的，一样的
eliminate
ahead of
v.
消除
在前面
entry
accompany
n.
v.
入口
伴随
难句解释：
[1] The designer should be fully aware, however, of the
的稳态误差可写作下式：
esቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ lime(t ) limsEr (s)
t s0
(2-2B-1)
对开环传递函数G(s)，设有如下的通用式子： K a k s k a1 s 1 G( s) n (2-2B-4) s bl s l b1 s 1 在这个式子中： 1) K 已知，使分子分母多项式的常数项单位化，即传递函 数G的增益。它和下一节介绍的根轨迹增益不同，后者的最高 次幂项的系数是单位值1。 2) G的型数是整数n。分母中s因子代表着积分，型数就是G 中积分环节的数目n。 3) 增益，根据n的不同取值，通常的惯例，把下列名字和 注解与K相联系。 n = 0: Kp = position error constant 位置误差常数 n = 1: Kv = velocity error constant 速度误差常数 n = 2: Ka = acceleration error constant 加速度误差常数
机电专业英语PPT课件
他的价值观念似乎陈旧了。 • immense [i mens] adj.极大的，巨大的
例句：They made an immense improvement in English.
在E英nd语方面他们取得了巨大的进步To。pic Above Next
centrifugal [sen‘trifjugəl] adj.离心的
mass-produced大(批)量生产的
Section II Text
Processes of mechanization have been developing and becoming more complex ev er since the beginning of the Industrial Revo lution at the end of the 18th century.（自从 18世纪末工业革命开始，工业机械化进 程一直在不断地发展，并且变得越来越 复杂。） The current developments of auto matic processes are, however, different from the old ones.（但目前的工业自动化过程 较以前的工业自动化过程有很大的不同）
）
Now people often talk about “feedback” as b
eing an essential factor of the new industrial t
echniques, upon which is based an automatic
self-regulating system and by virtue of which
And in many, though not all, instances th e element of control is so great that me chanization displaces muscle, “automat ion” displaces brain as well.（尽管不 是所有的情况，但在大多数情况下， 控制元件依然发挥着强大的力量， 机械化已经代替了手工劳动，而自 动化代替了脑力劳动。
例句：They made an immense improvement in English.
在E英nd语方面他们取得了巨大的进步To。pic Above Next
centrifugal [sen‘trifjugəl] adj.离心的
mass-produced大(批)量生产的
Section II Text
Processes of mechanization have been developing and becoming more complex ev er since the beginning of the Industrial Revo lution at the end of the 18th century.（自从 18世纪末工业革命开始，工业机械化进 程一直在不断地发展，并且变得越来越 复杂。） The current developments of auto matic processes are, however, different from the old ones.（但目前的工业自动化过程 较以前的工业自动化过程有很大的不同）
）
Now people often talk about “feedback” as b
eing an essential factor of the new industrial t
echniques, upon which is based an automatic
self-regulating system and by virtue of which
And in many, though not all, instances th e element of control is so great that me chanization displaces muscle, “automat ion” displaces brain as well.（尽管不 是所有的情况，但在大多数情况下， 控制元件依然发挥着强大的力量， 机械化已经代替了手工劳动，而自 动化代替了脑力劳动。
生物专业英语(共62张PPT)
energy from nutrients into ATP, and then release waste products.
光合作用以二氧化碳和水为原材料并经历两步化学反应。
第一步，称光反应，水分子裂解 (被氧化)，释放氧气，并形成ATP和 NADPH（还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸）。
此反应必须在存在光能的条件下进行。
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Introduction
光合作用只发生在含有叶绿素的绿色植物细胞、藻类、某些原生生 物和细菌之中。
总体来说，这是一个将光能转化成化学能的过程，其能量以分子 键形式贮存。
从化学和能量学角度来看，它是细胞呼吸作用的逆反应。
但是细胞呼吸作用是高度放能，释放能量的过程，而光合作用需 要能量, 并且是高度吸能的过程。
在光合作用的光反应中，当捕光分子回到基态时，额外的激发能 被转移到其它分子中并且以化学能的形式贮存。
•All photosynthetic organisms contain various classes of
chlorophylls and one or more carotenoid pigments that also contribute to photosynthesis.
captured by biological molecules to do constructive work.
生物分子能捕获可见光谱中光子的能量。
The pigment chlorophyll in plant cells absorbs photons within a particular absorption spectrum—a statement of the amount of light absorbed by chlorophyll at different wavelengths.
光合作用以二氧化碳和水为原材料并经历两步化学反应。
第一步，称光反应，水分子裂解 (被氧化)，释放氧气，并形成ATP和 NADPH（还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸）。
此反应必须在存在光能的条件下进行。
2022/9/25
9
Introduction
光合作用只发生在含有叶绿素的绿色植物细胞、藻类、某些原生生 物和细菌之中。
总体来说，这是一个将光能转化成化学能的过程，其能量以分子 键形式贮存。
从化学和能量学角度来看，它是细胞呼吸作用的逆反应。
但是细胞呼吸作用是高度放能，释放能量的过程，而光合作用需 要能量, 并且是高度吸能的过程。
在光合作用的光反应中，当捕光分子回到基态时，额外的激发能 被转移到其它分子中并且以化学能的形式贮存。
•All photosynthetic organisms contain various classes of
chlorophylls and one or more carotenoid pigments that also contribute to photosynthesis.
captured by biological molecules to do constructive work.
生物分子能捕获可见光谱中光子的能量。
The pigment chlorophyll in plant cells absorbs photons within a particular absorption spectrum—a statement of the amount of light absorbed by chlorophyll at different wavelengths.
英语专业语言学课件
sentence ✓ or a particular part of a sentence.
Construction and constituent
IC analysis
S NP
VP NP
Det N
V
Det
A
boy found the
N evidence
Syntactic constructionsCPS源自CNPDet
N Infl
the
train will
V arrive
Auxiliary movement (inversion)
CP
S
C
NP
Infl Det Will the
N Infl train e
V arrive
Do insertion
Do insertion---- Insert interrogative do into an empty Infl
Chomsky and transformationalgenerative grammar
Chomsky's innateness hypothesis
Phrase structure rules
Transformational rules
Chomsky's innateness hypothesis
Phrase structure rules
The grammatical mechanism that regulates the arrangement of elements that make up a phrase is called a phrase structure rule, such as: NP (Det) + N +(PP)……e.g. those people, the fish on the
Construction and constituent
IC analysis
S NP
VP NP
Det N
V
Det
A
boy found the
N evidence
Syntactic constructionsCPS源自CNPDet
N Infl
the
train will
V arrive
Auxiliary movement (inversion)
CP
S
C
NP
Infl Det Will the
N Infl train e
V arrive
Do insertion
Do insertion---- Insert interrogative do into an empty Infl
Chomsky and transformationalgenerative grammar
Chomsky's innateness hypothesis
Phrase structure rules
Transformational rules
Chomsky's innateness hypothesis
Phrase structure rules
The grammatical mechanism that regulates the arrangement of elements that make up a phrase is called a phrase structure rule, such as: NP (Det) + N +(PP)……e.g. those people, the fish on the
英语专业四级词汇辨析ppt课件
• Dispose处理; 布置
He disposed his books on the shelves. 把书籍排列在书架上。
• Propose：提议，求婚
They proposed to make arrangement beforehand. 他们提议事先做好安排。
从使用情况来看，闭胸式的使用比较 广泛。 敞开式 盾构之 中有挤 压式盾 构、全 部敞开 式盾构 ，但在 近些年 的城市 地下工 程施工 中已很 少使用 ，在此 不再说 明。
完型中的词汇 形近词 近义词
从使用情况来看，闭胸式的使用比较 广泛。 敞开式 盾构之 中有挤 压式盾 构、全 部敞开 式盾构 ，但在 近些年 的城市 地下工 程施工 中已很 少使用 ，在此 不再说 明。
Deduce, reduce, reproduce
On the basis of evidence we _____ that he was guilty. deduce He won't _____ the rent of our house. reduce Rabbits _____quickly. reproduce
spontaneous, simultaneous
We need a _____ interpreter. simultaneous To be thoroughly enjoyed, reading must
be entirely _____. spontaneous
从使用情况来看，闭胸式的使用比较 广泛。 敞开式 盾构之 中有挤 压式盾 构、全 部敞开 式盾构 ，但在 近些年 的城市 地下工 程施工 中已很 少使用 ，在此 不再说 明。
The tax increases have affected us all. 加税已经影响了我们所有的人。
He disposed his books on the shelves. 把书籍排列在书架上。
• Propose：提议，求婚
They proposed to make arrangement beforehand. 他们提议事先做好安排。
从使用情况来看，闭胸式的使用比较 广泛。 敞开式 盾构之 中有挤 压式盾 构、全 部敞开 式盾构 ，但在 近些年 的城市 地下工 程施工 中已很 少使用 ，在此 不再说 明。
完型中的词汇 形近词 近义词
从使用情况来看，闭胸式的使用比较 广泛。 敞开式 盾构之 中有挤 压式盾 构、全 部敞开 式盾构 ，但在 近些年 的城市 地下工 程施工 中已很 少使用 ，在此 不再说 明。
Deduce, reduce, reproduce
On the basis of evidence we _____ that he was guilty. deduce He won't _____ the rent of our house. reduce Rabbits _____quickly. reproduce
spontaneous, simultaneous
We need a _____ interpreter. simultaneous To be thoroughly enjoyed, reading must
be entirely _____. spontaneous
从使用情况来看，闭胸式的使用比较 广泛。 敞开式 盾构之 中有挤 压式盾 构、全 部敞开 式盾构 ，但在 近些年 的城市 地下工 程施工 中已很 少使用 ，在此 不再说 明。
The tax increases have affected us all. 加税已经影响了我们所有的人。
《会计学专业英语》PPT课件
Accounting: Information for Decision Making
• The primary objective of accounting – to provide information that is useful for making decisions.
Users of Accounting Information
why they need the information; • Understand the types of accounting information; • Have a general idea of the professional fields of
accounting and their duties. • Learn the accounting terms in this chapter and use them
Suggestions for study
• Previewing the text is very important.
• 《An English –Chinese Dictionary of Accounting》，《英汉双解财会词典》，外 语教学与研究出版社， [英] P.H. Collin, Adrian Joliffe 编，张炜等译，2002年9 月第1版
– Company – Corporation
Definition of Accounting
• Accounting is an information system designed to record, classify and summarize systematically significant financial and other economic information about business firms, and analyses and interprets its results, with monetary unit as its main criterion.
英语专业 高级英语第11课 beauty (课堂PPT)
• His writing examined the human place in mature, the pursuit of social justice, the relation between culture and geography, and the search for a spiritual path.
Story
• “beauty” is a chapter in Scott Sanders’ book Hunting for Hope, published in 1998. In this essay, sanders makes a comparison of his daughter’s shinning beauty on her wedding day to the beauty of physics and cosmos.
18
• I can summon up hundreds of details from that radiant day, but on the day itself I was aware only of a surpassing joy.(P13)
• summon (up): to call forth; to make an effort (to recall the details of that day)
Outline
• --Warming up • 1.about the author • 2.brief introduction of text • 3.appreciation of rhetorical devices • 4.analysis of difficult sentences • Notes on the text
Story
• “beauty” is a chapter in Scott Sanders’ book Hunting for Hope, published in 1998. In this essay, sanders makes a comparison of his daughter’s shinning beauty on her wedding day to the beauty of physics and cosmos.
18
• I can summon up hundreds of details from that radiant day, but on the day itself I was aware only of a surpassing joy.(P13)
• summon (up): to call forth; to make an effort (to recall the details of that day)
Outline
• --Warming up • 1.about the author • 2.brief introduction of text • 3.appreciation of rhetorical devices • 4.analysis of difficult sentences • Notes on the text
《专业英语》课件(1)-Electrical_Network
charge increment； time increment 电荷增量；时间增量 in proportion to； proportional control 与…成比例；比例控制 resistance；inductance；capacitance 电阻；电感；电容 proportionality constant 比例常数
Translation Technique
有关专业英语的 翻译、词汇和理解
翻译大师林语堂说：翻译的艺术所 依赖的，第一是译者对于原文文字及内 容上透彻的了解；第二是译者有相当的 国文程度，能写清顺畅通的中文；第三 是译事上的训练，译者对于翻译标准及 技术问题有正当的见解。此三者之外， 绝对没有什么纪律可为译者的规范，像 英文文法之于英文作文。
Electrical and Electronic Engineering Basics
P1U1 Electrical Networks
Dictation-1(5 minutes)
From Chinese to English
From English to Chinese
闭环控制 反馈元件 过电压 带宽 总线
electricity: (n.)noun form 电 electrician: (n.) expert in setting up, repairing and operating electrical apparatus 电气技师，电气技术员 electron: (n.) subatomic particle of matter 电子, having a negative electric charge
Questions
What elements does an electrical
英语专业介绍 PPT课件
7
外国语学院的毕业生以其扎实的外语基础、较强的综 合应用能力及敬业精神深受用人单位的欢迎。很多用 人单位与我院签订了用人合作协议，毕业生的实际就 业率连年居学校首位。就业主要分布在江苏、福建、 广东、深圳及山东等沿海地区的外资企业、事业、学 校等单位。
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9
毕业生就业前景良好，就业范围广泛。 主要就要去想为国家机关外交外事部门、 外经贸部门、新闻出版单位、高校等。 还有想当一部分学生选择继续学习深造， 深造方向包括英语语言文学专业的硕士 研究生，以及相关专业硕士研究生，如 国际经济、法律、新闻、历史、中文等 专业。
言学习理论和教育学、心理学。 4.课程研究 善于发现和掌握教育教学规律，善于反思性总
结，增加创新能力。 5.具备英语教学技术能力 重新设计课程，制作课件，开发教学技能，使16
用网络资源和远程教育手段等
外企翻译员
发展方向：
第一方面是考英语专业 或者跨专业考研
另一方面，考国外大学 的研究生，预备在国外 读研究生初步定为国外 留学的目标是欧洲或者 澳大利亚
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外企英语翻译员必须具备的素质
Ⅰ．基本技能 ：一个英文翻译员最基本的还是能牢固的把
方面的良好的技巧训练，掌握一定的科研方法，
具有从事翻译、研究、教学、管理工作的业务
水平及较好的素质和较强能力
4
知识技能~
1．了解我国有关的方针、政策、法规； 2．掌握语言学、文学及相关人文和科技方面的
基础知识； 3．具有扎实的英语语言基础和较熟练的听、说、
读、写、译的能力； 4．了解我国国情和英语国家的社会和文化； 5．具有第二外国语的一定的实际应用能力； 6．掌握文献检索、资料查询的基本方法，具有
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主要就业方向
外国语学院的毕业生以其扎实的外语基础、较强的综 合应用能力及敬业精神深受用人单位的欢迎。很多用 人单位与我院签订了用人合作协议，毕业生的实际就 业率连年居学校首位。就业主要分布在江苏、福建、 广东、深圳及山东等沿海地区的外资企业、事业、学 校等单位。
8
9
毕业生就业前景良好，就业范围广泛。 主要就要去想为国家机关外交外事部门、 外经贸部门、新闻出版单位、高校等。 还有想当一部分学生选择继续学习深造， 深造方向包括英语语言文学专业的硕士 研究生，以及相关专业硕士研究生，如 国际经济、法律、新闻、历史、中文等 专业。
言学习理论和教育学、心理学。 4.课程研究 善于发现和掌握教育教学规律，善于反思性总
结，增加创新能力。 5.具备英语教学技术能力 重新设计课程，制作课件，开发教学技能，使16
用网络资源和远程教育手段等
外企翻译员
发展方向：
第一方面是考英语专业 或者跨专业考研
另一方面，考国外大学 的研究生，预备在国外 读研究生初步定为国外 留学的目标是欧洲或者 澳大利亚
17
外企英语翻译员必须具备的素质
Ⅰ．基本技能 ：一个英文翻译员最基本的还是能牢固的把
方面的良好的技巧训练，掌握一定的科研方法，
具有从事翻译、研究、教学、管理工作的业务
水平及较好的素质和较强能力
4
知识技能~
1．了解我国有关的方针、政策、法规； 2．掌握语言学、文学及相关人文和科技方面的
基础知识； 3．具有扎实的英语语言基础和较熟练的听、说、
读、写、译的能力； 4．了解我国国情和英语国家的社会和文化； 5．具有第二外国语的一定的实际应用能力； 6．掌握文献检索、资料查询的基本方法，具有
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主要就业方向
环境工程专业英语PPT教学课件
❖ Unit 17 Ion Exchange
❖ 离子交换
❖ 沉淀
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PPT教学课件
谢谢观看
Thank You For Watching
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Part 2 Atmospheric Chemistry and
Air Pollution & Control
❖ 单元8：大气污染物的种类与来源[I] ❖ 大气污染物的种类与来源[II] ❖ 单元9：室内空气质量 ❖ 气体和蒸气控制技术 ❖ 单元10：大气污染控制新技术[I] ❖ 大气污染控制新技术[II] ❖ 单元11：大气污染的影响 ❖ 氧化法控制大气污染
Communities ❖ Part 8 Environmental Sustainable Development and
Green Science and Technology
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❖ Part 4 Solid Wastes and Disposal ❖ 固体废物与处置
❖ Part 5 Other Pollution and Control Technologies
❖ 其他污染与控制技术
❖ Part 6 Environmental Management ❖ 环境管理
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❖ Part 7 the Bioshpere: Ecosystem and Biological Communities
❖ 生物圈：生态系统和生物群落
❖ Part 8 Environmental Sustainable Development and Green Science and Technology
电气工程专业-英语PPT优质课件
.
2.1 Grammar Features
3) The device includes an instrument transformation and a relay system which has two circuits in it.
The device includes an instrument transformation and a relay system with two circuits in it.
.
2.1 Grammar Features
③ 不定式
用不定式短语来替代表示目的和功能的从句或语句 (1) The capacity of individual generators is larger and larger so that the increasing demand of electric power is satisfied. The capacity of individual generators is larger and larger to satisfy the increasing demand of electric power.
专业英语（English for Special Science and Technology）
隶属于科技英语 是科技英语的一部分，以表达科技概念、理论与事实为主要 目的。遵守科技英语的语法体系和翻译方法;特别注重客观事实和真理，表达准 确、精练和正式。
是结合各自专业的科技英语 有很强的专业性，涉及的面更加狭窄，与专业内 容配合更为密切。
(3) 省略句使用频繁 (精炼) 省略成分：状语从句中的主语、全部或部分谓语；定语从句中的关系代词 which和that、从句中的助词等；还常用介词短语替代从句。
2.1 Grammar Features
3) The device includes an instrument transformation and a relay system which has two circuits in it.
The device includes an instrument transformation and a relay system with two circuits in it.
.
2.1 Grammar Features
③ 不定式
用不定式短语来替代表示目的和功能的从句或语句 (1) The capacity of individual generators is larger and larger so that the increasing demand of electric power is satisfied. The capacity of individual generators is larger and larger to satisfy the increasing demand of electric power.
专业英语（English for Special Science and Technology）
隶属于科技英语 是科技英语的一部分，以表达科技概念、理论与事实为主要 目的。遵守科技英语的语法体系和翻译方法;特别注重客观事实和真理，表达准 确、精练和正式。
是结合各自专业的科技英语 有很强的专业性，涉及的面更加狭窄，与专业内 容配合更为密切。
(3) 省略句使用频繁 (精炼) 省略成分：状语从句中的主语、全部或部分谓语；定语从句中的关系代词 which和that、从句中的助词等；还常用介词短语替代从句。
英语专业写作课件ppt
Variety in presence length and structure
Use short, medium, and long senses to create interest and momentum in your writing
Introduction, body, and conclusion
02
Plot
Setting : Describe the setting vividly, painting a mental picture for the reader
01
Poetry writing
02
Meter : Use rhyme, rhyme, and meter effectively
CHAPTER
02
Advanced English Writing
01
02
03
Results
Presents the findings and analysis
Conclusion
Wraps up the paper, summarizing the main points and implications
CHAPTER
01
Fundamentals of English Writing
Correct usage of articles
Distinguish between "a," "an," and "the" and use them appropriately in your writing
+Reorganize attention: Ensure attention flow logically and are not jumbled or out of order
英语专业介绍ppt课件
可担任大专院校英语教师、辅 导员; 中小学和幼儿教育英语 教师、班主任、管理人员,幼 儿园英语教师和管理人员,培 训机构英语教师、管理人员; 教育行政部门管理干部,外贸 行业口笔译等从业人员;旅游 等服务行业导游与翻译。
课程设置：本专业师范方向开设的主要课程有：基础英
语、高级英语、英语听力、英语口语、英语语音、英语 语法、英语写作、英美文学、英语国家概况、翻译理论 和实践、英语语言学概论、第二外语、教育学、心理学、 计算机应用基础等。主要实践性教学环节包括军事训练、 学年论文、专业见习、专业实习、社会实践调查、毕业 论文、师范技能训练等。培养规格、基本学制和学位类 别：本科、四年、文学学士。
展，适应经济社会发展，具有创 艺术、法律和其它相关领域的人 新闻、旅游、高级宾馆酒店等部
新精神和实践能力，具备熟练的 文和社会科学知识，接受系统、 门，承担商务管理、商务翻译、
英语翻译技能、厚实的英语语言 科学的英语听、说、读、写、译 外贸洽谈、经贸文秘、英语编辑、
文学专业知识和其他相关专业知 等方面的基本技能训练，掌握英 英语记者、驻外商务代理、涉外
Thank you！
本专业学生要求能够以英语专业 可从事英语翻译，外企人力资源
知识为中介工具,具有英语语言文 管理，国内涉外机构文秘，外企
学基本理论、基础知识、较强的 行政管理人员，中外合作机构和
语言表达能力、写作表达能力、 外资机构等涉外企事业单位的秘
协调管理能力，掌握现代化文字 书、公关、宣传、策划及有关的
信息处理的基本技能，能在机关、 管理工作;学校、政府部门、涉外
社会各方面需要的中高级应用型 理工作岗位的要求，能胜任口头 文员、外向型企业管理员。留学、
人才。
和书面英语交流的高级文员工作， 考研、国外就业或从事英语教学，
英语专业语言学课件
Gradable antonyms---there are often intermediate forms between the two members of a pair, e.g. old-young, hot-cold, tall-short, …
Complementary antonyms
Note
Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations; on the other hand, there are also occasions, when linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense, e.g. the morning star and the evening star, rising sun in the morning and the sunset at dusk.
Meaning should be studied in terms of situation, use, contex—elements closely linked with language behavior. Two types of contexts are recognized: Situational context: spatiotemporal situation Linguistic context: the probability of a word’s cooccurrence or collocation.
Chapter 5 Semantics
What is semantics
Complementary antonyms
Note
Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations; on the other hand, there are also occasions, when linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense, e.g. the morning star and the evening star, rising sun in the morning and the sunset at dusk.
Meaning should be studied in terms of situation, use, contex—elements closely linked with language behavior. Two types of contexts are recognized: Situational context: spatiotemporal situation Linguistic context: the probability of a word’s cooccurrence or collocation.
Chapter 5 Semantics
What is semantics
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Keyword of paragraph1： Steel structure
2
Section A Steel Structure
2-1. Steel frame building consists of a skeletal frame work which carries all loads to which the building is subjected. It is made up of separate elements - beams, columns, portals, trusses, plates, bracing, purlins, etc.
7
Section A Steel Structure
3-2. Structural engineers realized many years ago the fact that space structure requires less material than the conventional linear systems and that, if properly designed, prefabricated space structures can highly economical in cost.
Keyword of paragraph 2： elements
6
Section A Steel Structure
3-1.One of the visible changes on steel structure is the remarkable trend towards greater use of space structures; this trend is growing as a result of architectural preference. This is partly due, no doubt, to reaction from beam-column systems of previous decades, but also due to the realization of the advantages of spaces structures.
5
Section A Steel Structure
2-3.These elements must be joined together so as to be in position and carry loads without bulking out of the plane. Steel frame structures are extensively used in office, flat, industry, hospital, etc.
3
Fig.1 Steel frame structure 4
Section A Steel Structure
2-2. Beams - members carrying lateral loads in bending and shear columns-members carrying axial loads in compressing and bending, portals and trusses-members carrying lateral loads, plates-members supporting wall, bracing, together with columns and trusses, resist wind loads and stabilize the building, purlinsmembers carrying roof sheet.
English for Civil Engineering Majors
Chapter 2 New Building Structure
Section A Steel Structure
Name：Li Jiayuan Number：2 Major：Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering and Protective Engineering College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, CTGU. October ,2019
Keyword of paragraph 3：space structure
8
Fig.2 Space structure
Beijing National Stadium (Bird's Nest/Olympic Scture
(Beijing National Aquatics Center ）
1
Section A Steel Structure
1. Steel structure refers to a building in which steel plays the leading role. The early development of high-rise buildings began with structural steel framing. With the development of science and technology, the types of steel structure is growing. Steel frame building and space structure are within it.
10
Section A Steel Structure
4.There are various types of space structures, differing in their behavior under load and requiring different methods of analysis. Double-layer grids are typical examples of space structures and also one of the most popular forms of space frames; they are frequently used nowadays all over the world for covering large-span industrial buildings, sports halls, churches, and exhibition centers.
2
Section A Steel Structure
2-1. Steel frame building consists of a skeletal frame work which carries all loads to which the building is subjected. It is made up of separate elements - beams, columns, portals, trusses, plates, bracing, purlins, etc.
7
Section A Steel Structure
3-2. Structural engineers realized many years ago the fact that space structure requires less material than the conventional linear systems and that, if properly designed, prefabricated space structures can highly economical in cost.
Keyword of paragraph 2： elements
6
Section A Steel Structure
3-1.One of the visible changes on steel structure is the remarkable trend towards greater use of space structures; this trend is growing as a result of architectural preference. This is partly due, no doubt, to reaction from beam-column systems of previous decades, but also due to the realization of the advantages of spaces structures.
5
Section A Steel Structure
2-3.These elements must be joined together so as to be in position and carry loads without bulking out of the plane. Steel frame structures are extensively used in office, flat, industry, hospital, etc.
3
Fig.1 Steel frame structure 4
Section A Steel Structure
2-2. Beams - members carrying lateral loads in bending and shear columns-members carrying axial loads in compressing and bending, portals and trusses-members carrying lateral loads, plates-members supporting wall, bracing, together with columns and trusses, resist wind loads and stabilize the building, purlinsmembers carrying roof sheet.
English for Civil Engineering Majors
Chapter 2 New Building Structure
Section A Steel Structure
Name：Li Jiayuan Number：2 Major：Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering and Protective Engineering College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, CTGU. October ,2019
Keyword of paragraph 3：space structure
8
Fig.2 Space structure
Beijing National Stadium (Bird's Nest/Olympic Scture
(Beijing National Aquatics Center ）
1
Section A Steel Structure
1. Steel structure refers to a building in which steel plays the leading role. The early development of high-rise buildings began with structural steel framing. With the development of science and technology, the types of steel structure is growing. Steel frame building and space structure are within it.
10
Section A Steel Structure
4.There are various types of space structures, differing in their behavior under load and requiring different methods of analysis. Double-layer grids are typical examples of space structures and also one of the most popular forms of space frames; they are frequently used nowadays all over the world for covering large-span industrial buildings, sports halls, churches, and exhibition centers.