硕士研究生入学考试大纲-620 《基础英语》

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试自命题科目《基础英语》考试大纲一、考查目标全国硕士研究生入学统一考试自命题科目《基础英语》考试是为我校招收外国语言文学硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的考试科目。

其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生是否具备攻读该专业所必须的基本素质、一般能力和培养潜能，以选拔具有发展潜力的优秀人才入学，培养具有较强分析与解决实际问题能力的高层次、应用型、复合型外语人才。

本科目考试要求考生：1.掌握较高的英语语法知识与技能；2.掌握不少于10000个英语词汇，其中能够灵活应用的词汇应不少于5000；3.具有较强的读写能力，能够流利阅读英语国家一般媒体的政论性文章；4.具有较强的英语综合应用能力；5.具有较强的逻辑思维能力。

二、考试形式和试卷结构（一）试卷满分及考试时间试卷满分为150分，考试时间180分钟。

（二）答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试，不允许携带字典。

（三）试卷内容、题型结构与说明本科目共有以下8种题型：1. 语法与词汇选择题30题，每题1分，共30分，用时约20分钟2. 短文冠词填空（包括定冠词、不定冠词与零冠词）10题，每题1分，共10分，用时约10分钟3. 短文动词适当形式填空（包括时态与非谓语形式、个别需加情态动词或助动词）10题，每题1分，共10分，用时约12分钟4. 选词提空（从提供的单词或短语中选取合适的填入文章空缺处，无需改变词形）20题，每题1分，共20分用时约13分钟5. 联句（利用并列、从属等手段将一组简单句连成一个结构合理的复杂长句）5题，每题3分，共15分，用时约30分钟6. 阅读理解选择题（阅读4-5篇文章，回答文章后的问题）20题，每题1分，共20分，用时约35分钟7. 根据所读文章回答问题/写文章概要该题型有两种可能，一是阅读文章后回答问题，二是阅读文章后总结文章主要内容，即为文章写出概要。

每年试卷只选其一进行考查。

本题共20分，用时约30分钟。

可能一：4-5个问题，回答时需要有所说明或阐述，每题3-6分可能二：读完一篇1000字左右的文章，然后写出150字以内的文章概要。

8. 理解并翻译（将复杂长句译成汉语，重点考察是否正确理解句意）5题，每题3-5分，共20分，用时约30分钟三、考查内容1. 词汇知识及其应用2. 语法知识及其应用能力3. 阅读理解能力4. 逻辑思考能力四、参考书目《基础英语》中的语法部分的参考书目为《新编英语语法教程（学生用书）》（2013年第五版以后的版本都可以），章振邦主编，上海外语教育出版社；基础英语中词汇、阅读等不指定参考书目。

《基础英语》样卷及参考答案Part I Choose the ONE that best completes each sentence below from the four choices given. (30 points)1. I still remember the day I first met her, she ____.A. had long hairB. has long hairsC. had long hairsD. has long hair2.____, he is appointed as general manager of the company.A. Be a man ever so youngB. So young as a man ever isC. No matter he is youngD. A man ever so young3. Nothing but some chairs____in the room.A. has foundB. had foundC. were foundD. was found4. More than one company____involved in this transaction.A. wasB. wereC. to beD. /5. It is said that his father____ for several years.A. had diedB. has been deadC. diedD. has dead6. Water is to fish ____air is to man.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. how7.____trouble, I‘ll forget the whole thing.A. Rather than causedB. Than rather causedC. Than rather causingD. Rather than cause8. The football match is scheduled to be televised ________.A. liveB. livelyC. aliveD. life9. Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication ____the advertiser pays for themessage to be delivered.A. in this wayB. in thatC. in whichD. in order to10.____is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussionproduce no concrete proposals.A. AsB. ThatC. WhichD. What11. It was requested that all of the equipment ____ in the agreed time.A. erectedB. would be erectedC. be erectedD. will be erected12. The man sitting opposite me smiled dreamily, as if ____ something pleasant in the past.A. to rememberB. rememberedC. having been rememberedD. remembering13. Setting up a committee might be a way ____ the project more efficiently.A. to be doingB. doingC. to doD. being done14. It turned out that the children were not ____ for the accident.A. to blameB. to be blamedC. to be blamingD. to have been blamed15. The desegregation was achieved through a number of struggles, ____ been mentioned inprevious chapters.A. a few of whichB. a few of themC. a few of thoseD. a few of that16. His answer was so confused that I could hardly make any____of it at all.A. explanationB. meaningC. senseD. interpretation17. You should have your eyes tested every year in case the_______of your spectacles needchanging.A. lensesB. glassesC. sightsD. crystals18. The school committee hoped that their choice of play would be____with the students and theirparents.A. recognizedB. popularC. favorableD. fascinated19. By cutting down trees we_______the natural home of birds and animals.A. harmB. hurtC. injureD. damage20. Mr. Robinson knew that the most trivial chore could prove to be a____if approached withenthusiasm.A. prizeB. rewardC. refundD. bonus21. I hope you don‘t think I‘m_______ but I‘ve had the electric fire on for most of the day.A. exquisiteB. extravagantC. exoticD. eccentric22. He argued forcefully and _______ that they were likely to bankrupt the budget.A. bluntlyB. convincinglyC. emphaticallyD. determinedly23. People will be looking in to see how good we are now and whether our success has just been a______ in the pan.A. flareB. glitterC. sparkD. flash24. During the summer holiday season there are no _____ rooms in this seaside hotel.A. emptyB. blankC. desertedD. vacant25. Drive straight ahead, and then you will see a _____ to the Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway.A. signB. markC. signalD. board26 . Whenever possible, Ian _____ how well he speaks Japanese.A. shows upB. shows aroundC. shows offD. shows out27. The tenant left nothing behind except some _____ of paper, cloth, etc.A. sheetsB. scrapsC. pagesD. slices28. Shares on the stock market have _____ as a result of a worldwide economic downturn.A. turnedB. changedC. floatedD. fluctuated29. I think you can take a(n) _____ language course to improve your English.A. intermediateB. middleC. mediumD. mid30. It will take us twenty minutes to go to the railway station, _____ traffic delays.A. acknowledgingB. affordingC. allowing forD. accounting for答案： 1. A 2.A 3.D 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. A11. C 12.A 13. C 14. A 15. A 16. C 17. A 18. B 19. D 20 B21. B 22.B. 23. D 24. D. 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. D. 29. A 30. C Part II Fill in each blank with an appropriate article (including ZERO) (10 points)Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When (1) ____ reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as (2) ______ evidence began to accumulate, experts from (3) ____ Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw ―a large cat‖ only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that (4) _____ puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered. (5) ____ search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to (6) ____ bushes. Several people complained of ―cat-like noises‖at night and (7) ____ businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree. (8) _____ experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in (9) _____ possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in (10) ____ quiet countryside.答案：1. / 2. The 3. The 4. A 5. The 6. / 7. A 8. The 9. The 10. thePart III Put the verbs in brackets into proper forms, using some modal auxiliaries where necessary. (15points)One of the qualities that most people （1）_______ (admire) in others (2) ____ (be) the willingness to admit one‘s mistakes. It is extremely hard sometimes to say a simple thing like ―I was wrong about that,‖ and it is even harder to say, ―I was wrong, and you were right about that.‖I (3) ____ (have) an experience recently with someone (4) _____ (admit) to me that he had made a mistake fifteen years ago. He told me that he (5) ________ (be) the manager of a certain grocery store in the neighborhood where I (6) _____ (grow up) , and he asked me if I remembered the egg cartons. Then he related an incident and I began to remember vaguely the incident he (7) ________ (describe).I was about eight years old at the time, and I (8) _______ (go) into the store with my mother to do the weekly grocery shopping. On that particular day, I must have found my way to the dairy food department when the incident (9) _________ (take place).There (10) _________ (be) a special sale on eggs that day because there was an impressive display of eggs in dozen and half-dozen cartons. The cartons (11) __________ (stack) three or four feet high. I must have stopped in front of a display to admire the stacks. Just then, a woman came by, pushing her grocery cart, and knocked off the stacks of cartons. For some reason, I decided it was up to me to put the display back together, so I went to work.The manager heard the noise and came (12) ________ (rush) over to see what had happened. When he appeared, I was on my knees (13) ________ (inspect) some of the cartons to see if any of the eggs (14) _______ (break), but to him it looked as though I was the culprit. He severely reprimanded me and wanted me to pay for any (15) _______ (break) eggs. I protested my innocence and tried to explain, but it did no good. Even though I quickly forgot all about the incident, apparently the manager did not.答案：（1）admire (2) is (3) had (4) admitting (5) had been (6) grew up (7) was describing (8) had gone (9) took place (10) must have been (11) were stacked (12) rushing (13) inspecting (14) were broken (15) brokenPart IV Read the following passage closely and then choose a proper word for each numbered gap from the words provided in the box above the passage. (20Education is not an end, but a (1) _______ to an end. In other words, we do not educate children only for the purpose of educating them; our purpose is to (2) ______ them for life. As soon as we realize this fact, we will understand that it is very important to choose a good way of education (3) _______ will really (4) ________ children for life.In many modern countries it has for some time been fashionable to think that, by (5) _______education for all ---- whether rich or poor, clever or stupid ---- one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect (6) ________. But we can already see that free education for all is not enough: we find in such countries a large number of people with university (7) ________ than there are jobs for them to (8) _________. Because of their degree, they refused to do what they think ―low‖work; and in fact, work (9) _________ han d s is thought to be dirty and (10) ___________ in such countries.But we have to understand that the work of a completely (11) __________ farmer is more important than that of a professor (12) _______ a way: we can live (13) _________ education, but we die if we have no food. If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we (14) __________ get terrible diseases in our towns. In countries where there are no servants because nobody is (15) ___________ to do such work, the professors have to waste (16) _________ of their time doing housework.In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to fit us for life, it means that we must be educated in (17) _________ a way that, firstly, each of us can do whatever job is suited to his (18) _________ and ability, and secondly, that we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society, and that it is very bad to be (19) ____________ to do one‘s work, or to laugh at someone else‘s. Only such a type of education can be called (20) ____________ to society.答案：(1) means (2) fit (3) which (4) prepare (5) free (6) nation (7) degrees(8) fill (9) with (10) shameful (11) uneducated (12) in (13) without (14) should (15) willing (16) much (17) such (18) brain (19) unwilling (20) valuablePart V Combine each group of sentences into a single sentence, using coordination, subordination or both. (15 points)1. For many years London has been a business center.The business center has hotel accommodation.The hotel accommodation is for visiting businessman.It is also for other well-to-do travelers.It is completely inadequate for the swarms of short-stay visitors.They land at Heathrow.They disembark at Dover.2. Mr. Wood ran up the stairs.He was panting for breath.He stood at his neighbor‘s door.He knocked again and again.Then someone opened the door.3. John was covered with mud.He was shivering.He sat hunched over a bowl of hot broth.The broth had been prepared by his father to drive off the chill.4. Almost every summer night the cooling northeast wind swept through our bedroom windows.It made air conditioning unnecessary.It made a light blanket welcome5. Bertrand Russell was one of the very few persons.The very few persons have received the Order of Merit（功绩勋章）.They have received the Nobel Prize for literature,The British government conferred the Order of Merit on Bertrand Russell.It was conferred in 1949.The Nobel Prize was conferred in Norway.It was conferred in 1950.答案：1. For many years London has been a business center with hotel accommodation for visitingbusinessmen together with well-to-do travelers but completely inadequate for the swarms of short-stay tourists landing at Heathrow or disembarking at Dover.2. Panting for breath after running up the stairs, Mr. Wood stood at his neighbour‘s door andknocked again and again till someone opened it.3. Mud-covered and shivering, John sat hunched over（俯身）a bowl of hot broth prepared by his father to drive off the chill.4. Almost every summer night the cooling northeast wind swept through our bedroom windows, making air conditioning unnecessary and a light blanket welcome. /Sweeping through our bedroom windows almost every summer night, the cooling northeast wind made air conditioning unnecessary and a light blanket welcome.5. Bertrand Russell was one of the very few persons who have received both the Order of Merit, which was conferred on him by the British government in 1949, and the Nobel Prize for literature, conferred in Norway in 1950.Part VI Read the following passages carefully and decide on the BEST one for each question from the four choices given. (20 points)TEXT ALet children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time; if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the languages he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people. In the same way, when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught-to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle---compare those performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can‘t find the way to get the right answer. Let‘s end this nonsense of grades, exams, marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must someday learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.Let them get on with this job in the way that seems sensible to them. Teachers can help then if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one‘s life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, ―But suppose they fail to learn something essential they will need to get in the world?‖ Don‘t worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it.1. What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things?A. by copying what other people do.B. by making mistakes and having them corrected.C.by listening to explanations from skilled people.D.by asking a great many questions.2. What does the author think teachers do which they should not do?A.They give children correct answers.B.They point out children‘s mistakes to them.C.They allow children to mark their own work.D.They encourage children to mark to copy from one another.3. The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are_______.A. not really important skills.B. more important than other skills.C. basically different from learning adult skills.D. basically the same as learning other skills.4. Exams, grades, and marks should be abolished because children’s progress should only be estimated by__________.A. educated persons.B. the children themselves.C. teachers.D. parents.5. The author fears that children will grow up into adults while being__________.A. too independent of others.B. too critical of themselves.C. incapable to think for themselves.D. incapable to use basic skills.TEXT BOn a nondescript block south of New York‘s Union Square‘ up a dreary staircase and through a black-barred gate, there is a long, narrow room that might be mistaken for a very small museum of literary counterculture. On one wall hangs two rows of iconic posters：a print of Che Guevara's proud head; a photograph of the authors Jean Genet, William S. Burroughs, and Allen Ginsberg marching at the 1968 Democratic National Convention ;a portrait of Bobby Kennedy. Ixiose-leaf binders of correspondence with groundbreaking authors line floor-to-ceiling bookshelves. Beside the bookcases, Samuel Beckett peers out of a black-and-white photograph with a fierce crow'sgaze. Next to him in the picture stands a shorter, milder-looking man named Barney Rosset.Rosset‘s publishing house, Grove Press, was a tiny company operating out of the ground floor of Rosset‘s brownstone when it published an obscure play called Waiting for Godot in 1954. By the time Beckett had won the Nobel Prize in 1969‘ Grove had become a force that challenged and changed literature and American culture in deep and lasting ways. Its impact is still evident——from the Che Guevara posters adorning college dorms to the canonical status of the house's once controversial authors. Rosset is less well known—but late in his life he is achieving some wider recognition.The story of Rosset‘s life is essentially one of creative destruction. He found writers who wanted to break new paths, and then he picked up a sledge-hammer to help them whale away at the existing order.Rosset saw many crises. He or his company was forever going broke, being attacked, breaking the law. In his legal battles, Rosset made his most enduring impact. Before Rosset challenged federal and slate obscenity laws, censorship was an accepted feature of publishing. His victories in high courts helped to change that. Rosset believed that it was impossible to represent life in the streets and in the dark recesses of the heart and mind honestly without using language that in the mid-20th century was considered ―obscene‖—and therefore illegal to sell or mail. To a significant extent, the books he published convinced others that this was true.Rosset wasn‘t the only publisher who took risks, but he was one of the most visible and uncompromising. Not everything he published was high-minded. Some of it aimed below the belt, and he was uncompromising about that too. His stubbornness made his achievements possible, but it also helped to undo him. At the end of the 60s, Grove moved into fancy offices, into film, and, to some extent, away from books. The repression of the 50s and freewheeling openness of the 60s were over, and other houses, now free from fear of censorship, took more chances. The left splintered. The feminist movemenl attacked him. Grove began to drift. But Rosset, as always, kept doing what he wanted, everything else be damned.6.Which of the following statements contains a metaphor?A. …with a fierce crow‘s gaze. (Paragraph One)B. He or his company was forever going broke ...(Paragraph Four)C. Some of it aimed below the belt ... (Paragraph Five)D. ―The feminist movement attacked him. (Paragraph Five)7. What does "creative deBtmclion" (Paragraph Three) mean?A. Rosset caused various types of damage.B. Rosset broke rules to bring about good changes.C. Rosset picked out creative writer to destroy.D. Rosset needed writers of powerful influence.8. According to the passage, the biggest achievement Rosset has made is _________A. publishing Waiting for Godot.B. defeating all the crisis.C. winning the case of censorship.D. producing successful films.9. Which of the following can best describe Barney Rosset?A. He‘s the only publisher who dares to take risks.B. He‘s an uncompromising man who favors obscenity books.C. He‘s a stubborn man who doesn‘t care others‘ opinion.D. He‘s a Nobel-prize winning American publisher.10. The purpose of the writer in writing this passage is to _________A. describe the changes Rosset bring to American publishing.B. introduce Bamey Rosset, an American publisher.C. show the development of Grove Press.D. analyze what helps Rosset to be successful.TEXT CA bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the café of his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned. Bbylonian, a while palace with ten thousand lights. It towered above the other building like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand lights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farming, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress( five feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen life to the table in the far corner. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such as the gigantic teashop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were al there. It seemed with humanity. The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, whre an orchestra, led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls, scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, s sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever h ope to be, who murmured deferentially: ― For one, sir? This way, please,‖ Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.11. That “behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel” suggests that__________A. modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café..C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.D. the café was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.12. The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPT________A. ―…turned Babylonian‖.B. ―perhaps a new barbarism‖.C. ―acres of white napery‖.D. ―balanced to the last halfpenny‖.13. In its context the statement th at “the place was built for him” means that the café wasintended toA. please simple people in a simple way.B. exploit gullible people like him.C. satisfy a demand that already existed.D. provide relaxation for tired young men.14. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?A. The café appealed to most senses simultaneously.B. The café was both full of people and full of warmth.C. The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside.D. It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.15. The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPTthat__________A. the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.B. the orchestra is compared to a magnet.C. Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.D. the interior of the café is compared to warm countries.16. The author’s attitude to the café is__________A. fundamentally critical.B.slightly admiring.C.quite undecided.pletely neutral.TEXT DNow elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe‘s last pristine wilderness. But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can‘t do anything about. But the truth is, once you‘re off the beat-en paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they‘re all bad, so Iceland‘s natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhabitants. For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited—the mindset being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the ―Mona Lisa.‖When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter, those who had been dreaming of something like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world‘s richest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy. But the project‘s advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country‘s century upon c entury of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially had ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a sod hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegetation and livestock, all spirit—a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one‘s sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the。