美国Next-Generation-Science-Standards-科学教学大纲-Grades-k-2年级

1.Life●AnimalsThe unit Animals helps students discover what makes animals similar and what makes them different. Understanding the diversityamong animals helps students appreciate and enjoy the uniquenessof all creatures. Topics include habitat, diet, body parts,movement, special abilities, and more.Students need to think about how they treat animals and how are they fit into the animal kingdom.●Living/Non-LivingThis unit helps students explore the important differences between the two. It also addresses topics such as: Non-livingcomponents of living things, nurse logs, sea stars, babies andparents, and cells.●PlantsThis unit helps students explore what plants require for survival, how plants grow, plant parts and their functions, howpeople and other animals use plants, special types of plants,where different kinds of plants can be found, and otherplant-related topics.Students may gain an appreciation for the amazing diversityof plant life on Earth and the extensive roles that plants playin their lives.●SensesThis unit helps students explore how and why humans use theirfive senses. It addresses the body parts used for each sense,as well as how these senses communicate with the brain to makemeaning of the incoming information. The unit also addresses howeach sense keeps us safe.It is important for students to appreciate and protect theirsenses so they can learn from the world around them and have alifetime full of rich experiences.2.Earth & Space●Earth, Moon, and SunThis unit helps students understand that Earth rotates on its axis, Earth revolves around the Sun, and the Moon revolves aroundEarth.Humans have an ever-growing understanding of how theEarth, Moon, and Sun move and interact. This understanding helpsstudents make sense of what they see in the sky, both by day andby night.An understanding of our nearby space neighborhood can also inspire future exploration deeper into space, which may somedayeven include the discovery of life on distant planets.●WeatherThis unit helps students explore weather's many different aspects, including temperature, wind, clouds, precipitation,and storms. Certain unit materials address what causes theweather to occur. The unit also draws connections between theseasons and their weather patterns.This unit provides opportunities for students to learn more about natural weather phenomena they observe in their everydaylives. Understanding the weather can also prepare us to takeprecautions that will keep us safe in the event of severe weather.●Earth’s surfaceThis unit helps students explore the land and water that make up Earth's surface. Earth's surface is shaped into variouslandforms by gravity, wind, water, and the movements of Earth'scrust. Earth's surface provides everything needed for life tothrive, including shelter, food, and water.Understanding Earth’s surface will help students appreciate theuniqueness of our planet and may encourage them to take actionto protect it.3.Physical●Doing workThis unit helps students explore the concepts of work and force.Students will learn that the amount of work required to performa task depends on the amount of force needed to move it, as wellas the distance an object will be moved.●EnergyThis unit helps students understand what energy is. Unitmaterials focus primarily on five important types of energy:light, sound, motion, heat, and electrical. Each energy type isdefined and supported with everyday examples.It’s important to understand where energy comes from, how itbehaves, and why it is valuable to us. By becoming familiar withdifferent types of energy, students can better appreciate havingthe energy sources they rely upon in daily lives.●LightThis unit helps students explore the properties of light: whereit comes from, how it moves, and how it interacts with objects.Understanding the physical properties of light helps us anticipate how light will behave as we use it and interact withit. Light also adds to the beauty and complexity of the worldaround us.●PropertiesThis unit explains how shape, color, texture, weight, state of matter, and other properties can be used to identify, describe,and compare matter. The unit also explains that we choose to makethings out of materials that have the properties we need or want.Identifying properties of objects helps us make decisions and communicate with precision. Practicing careful observation willprepare students to become successful scientists and citizens.It may also allow them to appreciate the special qualities ofthe things around them that they might normally take for granted.●MagnetsIn this unit, students will learn that magnets behave in predictable ways, making them reliable and valuable tools.●Things moveThis unit explains these forces, and it describes the movement of objects, including how forces can move things, stop them, and change their speed and direction. Knowing how and why things move allows us to work, play, get around, and complete everyday tasks.4.ProcessTools1.ThermometersThermometers are tools used for measuring temperature.By using the resources below, students will learn aboutthis important science tool and practice using it inmeaningful ways.2.Balance ScalesThermometers are tools used for measuring temperature.By using the resources below, students will learn about this important science tool and practice using it in meaningful ways.3.Length MeasurementMany scientific investigations and experiments require accurate length measurement. By using the resources below, students will learn about tools used for measuring length, including rulers, meter sticks/yardsticks, and measuring tapes.Students will also practice using these important science tools. Resources provide instruction in both metric and U.S. customary units.4.Hand LensesHand lenses are tools that assist in scientificobservation. By using the resources below, students willlearn about hand lenses and practice using this importantscience tool.Skills1.HypothesesHypotheses are statements that predict an outcome andprovide a potential explanation for an experiment, based onprior knowledge. By using the resources below, students willlearn about this important science skill and practice makinggood hypotheses.2.Data SheetsCollecting data is a crucial part of of any scientific endeavor. This mini-lesson will show students how to collect and organize their data using a data sheet.ing DiagramsIn science, using diagrams is an important way to present information. By using the resources listed below, students will learn about different types of diagrams. They will also have opportunities to practice reading and creating diagrams.4.Draw ConclusionsIn science, an investigation is not complete without drawing a conclusion. By using the resources listed below, students will learn about several important parts of a good conclusion. They will also have opportunities to practice writing and judging conclusions for sample science experiments.5.Observation vs. InferenceIn scientific study, both observations and inferences are important. By using the resources listed below, students will learn about the difference between observations and inferences. They will also have opportunities to apply what they have learned.6.Identify and Control VariablesIt is important to identify the variables in a scientific investigation and to be able to control those variables.Otherwise, it may be impossible to yield reliable results and to draw valid conclusions. This unit will help students distinguish among independent, dependent, and controlled variables.ing GraphsThroughout scientific study, students will encounter data displayed in a variety of graphs. This unit providesstudents with background and practice in interpreting and making bar and picture graphs. Students will learn about the X-axis and Y-axis, how to label each axis, and how to draw conclusions by examining graphs.欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，学习课件等等打造全网一站式需求。