美国历史

Chapter 9 History

I.America in the Colonial Era

1、The first Americans:traditionally believed that were Indians,descendants of the

Mongoloid people in Asia.

2、In 1492,Christopher Columbus is believed to have discovered America.

<1>found the island of the Caribbean,and called the natives Indians.

<2>Italian navigator,Amerigo Vespucci,discovered the continent of South

America

3、The first successful English colony in North America

<1>Found at Jamestown Virginia in 1607.

<2>In 1620,the Pilgrim Fathers landed in Plymouth,Massachusetts by

Mayflower.

<3>By 1733,English settlers had occupied 13 colonies along the Atlantic

coast.

<4>the French and controlled Canada and Louisiana.

<5>After the Seven Years’War,England gained control of Canada and all of North

America east of the Mississippi in 1763.

4、The conflict in England and its colonies

<1>England imposed new taxes partly

<2>the colonies resented the taxes and resisted the quartering of soldiers.

II.The War of Independence

1、On April19,1775,some British were sent to Concord to search for weapons

and “rebelling” colonists.

2、The first shots in the American War of Independence were fired.

<1>In May 1775,the Second Continental Congress was held in

Philadelphia,acted as a provisional governmentof the 13 colony-states.

<2>Established the Continental Army and Navy.

<3>Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence.

Odopted on July4,1776.

◆Presented a public defense of the American War of Independence.

◆Explained the philosophy behind the war,”Life,Liberty and the pursuit

of happiness”.

◆“the consent of the governed”.

3、In October 1777,the Americans won a great victory at Saratoga – the turning

point of the war.

4、In 1781,the Americans won a decisive victory at Yorktown,and the British

soliders were forced to surrender.

5、In 1783,the Birtish and the Americans signed the Treaty of Paris,United

states of America won its independence.

III.The Civil War

1、The reason of slavery existed

<1>In the South,the land was abundant and suitable for farming

<2>In the North,there was a growing demand for labor to work in factories. 2、The reason of the abolition of slavery

<1>Some Northerners wanted to get slavery from the South.

<2>Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked to finance the

building of railways and roads.

3、On January1,1863, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to grant

freedom to all slaves.

IV.America in the 20th Century

1、At the start of World War I

<1>President Wailson: Neutrality on behalf of the people of US

<2>In 1917,the US entered the war.

①That submarines to England greatly injured American trade.

②Germany promised the Mexicans to regain its lost territory by going to

war against the US.

③Both sides grew weary,it’s a chance to successfully influence the result of

the war.

<3>In 1918,President Wilson proposed his Fourteen Points as the basis for