2012年MBA联考英语真题及答案解析
2012考研英语二真题及答案解析
15.[A]ruined[B]commuted[C]patrolled[D]gained16.[A]paralleled[B]counteracted[C]duplicated[D]contradicted17.[A]neglected[B]avoided[C]emphasized[D]admired18.[A]stages[B]illusions[C]fragments[D]advances19.[A]With[B]To[C]Among[D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary[B]by this means[C]from the outset[D]at that pointSectionⅡReading ComprehensionText1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents,but in recent years it has been particularly scorned.School districts across the country,most recently Los Angeles Unified,are revising their thinking on his educational ritual.Unfortunately,L.A.Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses,homework may no longer count for more than10%of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework.But the policy is unclear and contradictory.Certainly,no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment.But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives,it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling:teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want.But with homework counting for no more than10%of their grades,students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards.Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework,but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework?It is quite possible that the homework helped.Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students,the policy imposes a flat,across-the-board rule.At the same time,the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework.If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’academic achievement,it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments,not make them count for almost nothing.Conversely,if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board,which is responsible for setting educational policy,looks into the matter and conducts public hearings.It is not too late for L.A.Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph1that nowadays homework_____.[A]is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homeworkB should not be associated with girls'innocenceC cannot explain girls'lack of imaginationD cannot influence girls'lives and interests27.According to Paragraph2,which of the following is true of colours?A Colors are encoded in girls'DNAB Blue used to be regarded as the color for girlsC Pink used to be a neutral color in symbolizing gendersD White is preferred by babies28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological devotement was much influenced by ________.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph4that department stores were advised________.A focuses on infant wear and older kids'clothesB attach equal importance to different gendersC classify consumers into smaller groupsD create some common shoppers'terms30.It can be concluded that girl's attraction to pink seems to be_____.A clearly explained by their inborn tendencyB fully understood by clothing manufacturersC mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenD well interpreted by psychological expertsText3In2010.a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its panies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by2005some20%of human genes were patented.But in March2010a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable.Executives were violently agitated.The Biotechnology Industry Organisation(BIO),a trade group,assured members that this was just a“preliminary step”in a longer battle.On July29th they were relieved,at least temporarily.A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer.The chief executive of Myriad,a company in Utah,said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine,the courts will remain rather busy.The Myriad case itself is probably not over.Critics make three main arguments against gene patents:a gene is a product of nature,so it may not be patented;gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it;and patents'monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's.A growing number seem to st year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests.In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case,arguing that an isolated DNA molecule“is no less a product of nature...than are cotton fibres that have beenseparated from cotton seeds.”Despite the appeals court's decision,big questions remain unanswered.For example,it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it.The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.AS the industry advances,however,other suits may have an even greater panies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain.firms are now studying how genes interact,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s panies are eager to win patents for‘connecting the dots’,explains Hans Sauer,a lawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue,brought by the Mayo Clinic,which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term.The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents.Each meeting was packed.31.It can be learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like______A.their executives to be activeB.judges to rule out gene patentingC.genes to be patentableD.the BIO to issue a warning32.Those who are against gene patents believe that_____A.genetic tests are not reliableB.only man-made products are patentableC.patents on genes depend much on innovationsD.courts should restrict access to genetic tests33.According to Hans Sauer,companies are eager to win patents for_____A.establishing disease correlationsB.discovering gene interactionsC.drawing pictures of genesD.identifying human DNA34．By saying“each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that_____A.the Supreme Court was authoritativeB.the BIO was a powerful organizationC.gene patenting was a great concernwyers were keen to attend conventions35.Generally speaking,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is_____A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText4The great recession may be over,but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning.Before it ends,It will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults.And ultimately,it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture,and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster.Many said that unemployment,while extremely painful,had improved them in some ways;they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent;they were more aware of the struggles of others.In limited respects,perhaps the recession will leave society better off.At the very least,it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses,and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part,these benefits seem thin,uncertain,and far off.In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth,the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S.,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive,and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms.Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases,as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession,but it has not shrunk in this one.Indeed,this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides,and decrease opportunities to cross them---especially for young people.The research of Till Von Wachter,the economist in Columbia University,suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed:those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times;it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age,it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society.More difficult,in the moment,is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects,the U.S.was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history,and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results.We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric.But they certainly it,and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By saying“to find silver linings”（Line1,Para.2）the author suggest that the jobless try to___.[A]seek subsidies from the government[B]explore reasons for the unemployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recession37.According to Paragraph2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyle38.Benjamin Friedman believed that economic recession may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classes39.The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to_____.[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others’[D]recover more quickly than the others40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT1.(10points)Universal history,the history of what man has accomplished in this world,is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,”wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle.Well,not any more it is not.Suddenly,Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form.This could be no more than a passing literary craze,but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past:less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain.Today,we want empathy,not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance,the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men.In1337,Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus-On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus(or virtue)of classical heroes.Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top.This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head.In The Prince, the championed cunning,ruthlessness,and boldness,rather than virtue,mercy and justice,as the skills of successful leaders.Over time,the attributes of greatness shifted.The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day,stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory.By contrast,the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers,industrialists and explores."The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help,if patient purpose,resolute working and steadfast integrity,issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character,exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself."His biographies of James Walt,Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle,who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther,Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte.These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate,but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.47.DirectionsSuppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day,Write an email to the customer service center to1)Make a complaint and2)Demand a prompt solutionYou should write about100words on ANSERE SHEET2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter,Use"zhang wei"instead.48、write an essay based on the following table.In your writing you should1)Describe the table,and2)Give your commentsYou should write at least150words(15points)2012年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解SectionⅠUse of English文章分析本文是一篇以人物介绍为中心的说明文。
2007-2012年1月MBA英语答案
2012年英语答案完形填空：1.B2.B3.A4.A5.C6.D7.C8.A9.C 10.B11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.D16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.DTEXT1：21. A 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.DTEXT2：26.A 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.CTEXT3：31.C 32.B 33.A 34.C 35.DTEXT4：36.D 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.A新题型：41-45：AFGCE翻译：发展中国家的人们担心“移民”，通常是在关注他们前往硅谷或者发达国家的医院和大学后，自己最为美好的，光明的前景会是如何。
这些移民是英国、加拿大和澳大利亚这样的国家，试图通过制定一些给予大学毕业生特权的移民政策，想要吸引的一类人群。
大量研究表明，发达国家中受过良好教育的人非常可能移民。
2004年对于印度家庭的一项大型研究表明，接近40%的移民都接受过高中以上的教育，而年龄在25岁以上的印度人当中受过高中以上教育的人只有3.3%。
这种“人才流失”长期以来困扰着贫穷国家的政策制定者，这些政策制定者担心移民会破坏他们国家的经济，流失许多急缺的技术人才，这些人才也许本应在他们的大学教书，在他们的医院工作，创造出新产品让本国的工厂来制造小作文范文：Dear Sir or Madame,As one of the regular customers of your online store, I am writing this letter to express my complaint againstthe flaws in your product—an electronic dictionary I bought in your shop the other day。
The dictionary is supposed to be a favorable tool for my study. Unfortunately, I found that there are several problems. To begin with, when I opened it, I detected that the appearance of it had been scratched. Secondly, I didnot find the battery promised in the advertisement posted on the homepage of your shop, which makes me feel that you have not kept your promise. What is worse, some of the keys on the keyboard do not work。
2012年在职教育硕士英语一联考真题与答案
2012年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考2012英语试卷—APart I Dialogue Communication (15 minutes, 15 points)Section A Dialogue CompletionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1、Speaker A:I am so glad I caught you at home. I need your help!Speaker B: ________, Robin?A. Can IB. Do youC. What’s thatD. What’s up2、Speaker A:I don’t have the slightest idea what you want to say.Speaker B: You don’t have to.________A. Forget it.B. Just follow my lead.C. I’ll say it later.D. If only you wanted to.3、Speaker A: Nobody listened to what I have to say. I feel like a fool.Speaker B: Don’t worry._______A. I’m with you.B. I like you.C. They are fools themselves.D. They are no better.4、Speaker A: Oh, hi Dr. Hill. Can I discuss my grade on my term paper with younow?Speaker B: Sure.________A. What seems to be the problem?B. That seems to be a mistake.C.I really appreciate it.D. Could I check back with you later?5、Speaker A: Mr. Jacob, you are a great help. How can I pay you back?Speaker B: OK, you buy me a coffee,________.A. and there is no problemB. and we are evenC. and you’ll feel betterD. an d I won’t say anythingSection B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections:In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the four choices given and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.6、Woman: Mr. Simpson, all the department managers are here except John.Man: Let’s get the meeting rolling.Question: What does the man mean?A. Cancel the meetingB. Start the meetingC. Put the meeting offD. Continue the meeting7、Woman: Protecting the environment should be on the agenda of every one of us.Man: You took the words right out of my mouth.Question: What did the man mean?A. He agreed with the woman.B. He didn’t believe the woman.C. The woman’s words hurt him.D. The woman was talking nonsense.8、Woman: I can’t forgive myself for that terrible mistake I have made.Man: Well, don’t be too hard on yourself. It happens to the best of us.Question: What does the man mean?A. The man should not be forgiven.B. Smart people make few mistakesC. The mistake is not seriousD. The man needn’t feel that9、Woman :Here you are. Do it by six o’clock, OK?Man: By six o’clock? Give me a break. I’m not a superman.Question: What does the man mean?A. He wants to take a break.B. He has to work like a superman.C. There is not enough time for him.D. The work is too difficult for him.10、Woman: I ’m clueless and, quite frankly, I’m getting worried about the future.Man: We’re all in the same boat.Leaving school’s a big step.Question: What’s the issue they are facing now?A. Graduation examination.B. Traveling expenses.C. Career choicesD. Personal finance.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. You’re your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.11、I was annoyed by Tom who came late for our appointment and never ______to askhow long I had been waiting.A. botherB. to botherC. botheringD. bothered12、The team members were upset when they heard that the project ______have to beabandoned.A. mightB. shouldC. needD. shall13、I’ve attached my contact information in the recommendation letter ______you havefurther questions.A. becauseB. so thatC. sinceD. in case14、As computer security systems become even more advanced, ______the methods ofthose who try to break into them illegally.A. so too doB. so much doC. as much asD. as well as15、The questions are certain to _______careful consideration before any majordecision.A. giveB. have givenC. be givenD. have been given16、This robot is supposed to save a lot of labor, but it many create new problems if itreally _______.A. isB. willC. hasD. does17、I don’t know why Mary didn’t ask me how to do it as I _______he r.A. must helpB. would helpC. should have helpedD. could have helped18、Peter and Bob both did a good job, but Peter is ______talented of the two.A. the mostB. the moreC. mostD. more19、The function of school education is not so much to teach you things ________toteach you the art of learning.A. thanB. thenC. asD. but20、Graduate school and college are similar _________you have to choose a field ofstudy and do research.A. in thatB. for thatC. for whichD. in which21、Father sometimes goes to the gym with us though he _____going there.A. enjoysB. prefersC. dislikesD. denies22、She was among the most ______players in the game ,but the car accident ruinedeverything.A. promisedB. promotedC. promisingD. promoting23、Dina ,struggling for months to get a job as a waitress, finally took a ______at a localadvertising agency.A. chanceB. positionC. stepD. challenge24、He doesn’t eat pork ,but ______that he’ll eat just about anything.A. rather thanB. no more thanC. other thanD. no longer than25、Simon finally ______to pressure from his parents to stop his tennis training beforethe exam.A. gave upB. gave inC. gave outD. gave way26、Thomas Edison was responsible for many _____in addition to the light bulb.A. inventionsB. imaginationsC. instructionsD. innovations27、Thrilled that she got her first paycheck ,Nancy immediately_______ her old cellphone with a newer model.A. replacedB. renewedC. combinedD. compared28、Advertising is a tough business because it is very difficult to ________new ideas tosell the same product.A. come up withB. get along withC. come up toD. get down to29、After thinking hard about why I did not have enough time for my schoolwork. Ibecame_______ that I watched too much TV.A. doubtfulB. worriedC. puzzledD. aware30、Following the same rules all these years, the club is _______to any from of change.A. resolvedB. resistantC. restrictedD. reservedPart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OneIt has never been easy to be a teenager , and it is particularly difficult today. The world expects us to be grown up but rarely treats us like adults; we are part of a society in which drugs are readily available but extremely dangerous; our education consists of examinations and more examinations… Is it any wonder we struggle at times?One of the biggest problems is that parents demand mature and intelligent behavior from us ,yet usually think of us as still being children .We help do a range of housework and care for sickly grandparents, but cannot watch adult movies on television. We are expected to show an interest in current affairs and get a part-time job to begin to support ourselves, but are not even allowed a say in where we go for the family holiday---never mind being allowed to holiday with our friends！Outside the home , we have to make sure our dissatisfaction does not lead us to rebellion and to the dealers who are just waiting to sell us various drugs .Older generations had to come to terms with alcohol and cigarettes; that was easy, by comparison. We go to a club, to dance, then are faced with temptations(诱惑), peer pressures and our own desire to fit in with the crowd .There is always someone there with a designer drink ,a designer smile and the latest designer drug to tempt us .Being a teenager has never been harder.Of course , it has never been so hard in school either .We have so many examinations that it is difficult to keep track: SATs, GCSEs … and the practice tests that accompany them. Homework is never ending. No teacher seems aware of how much work the others are setting , and, anyway, they would not care ,because they are all under orders to improve results or their own careers will suffer.31. What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?A. The tempting drugs that can be easily bought.B. The changing world that teenagers have to adapt to.C. School education that focuses merely on examinations.D. Various problems that teenagers have to deal with.32. Parents will most probably say no to their children if they want to _______.A. learn current affairs by watching TVB. go on vacation with friendsC. take a part time job while in schoolD. holiday with the rest of the family33.What does the author mean by saying“Being a teenager has never been harder”inParagraph 3?A. Parents are more demanding than ever before.B. Teenagers have to try harder to fit into the world.C. Teenagers are under greater pressure from peers.D. There are more and stronger temptations than before.34.As is used in Paragraph 4 , “the others ”refers to ______.A. colleaguesB. neighborsC. parentsD. students35. W hy do teachers give their students a huge lot of homework and examinations?A. They have a strong sense of responsibility.B. They intend to inspire students’ interest in learning.C. They are demanded to improve students’ scores.D. They intend to have students work harder in school.Passage TwoIf you like to take lots of vacation , the United States is not the place to work .Besides a handful of national holidays the typical American worker gets two or three precious weeks off outof a whole year to relax and see the world ---much less than what people in many other countries receive. And even that amount of vacation often comes with strings attached.So what’s going on here?A big reason for the difference is that paid time off is demanded by law in many parts of the world .Germany is among more than two dozen industrialized countries---from Australia to Japan---that require employers to offer four weeks or more of paid vacation to their workers , according to a 2009 study by the human resources consulting company Mercer. Finland , Brazil and France are the champions, guaranteeing six weeks of time off. But employers in the United States are not obliged under federal law to offer any paid vacation , so about a quarter of all American workers don’t have access to it , government figures show . That makes the U.S . the only advanced nation in the world that doesn’t guarantee its workers annual leave.Most U.S. companies , of course , do provide vacation as a way to attract and retain workers . But the fear of layoffs and the ever –faster pace of work mean many Americans are reluctant to be absent from the office ---anxious that they might loo like they’re not committed to their job . Or they worry they won’t be able to cope with a pile of work waiting for them after a vacation.Then , there ‘s the way we work .Working more makes Americans happier than Europeans , according to a study published recently in the Journal of Happiness Studies. That may be because Americans believe more than Europeans do that hard work is associated with success.So despite research documenting the health and productivity benefits of taking time off , a long vacation can be undesirable , scary , unrealistic or just plain impossible for many U.S. workers.36．According to the passage , the United States is a nation_________.A. that prefers relatively longer vacationsB. that has fewer national holidaysC. where workers do not have paid time offD. where employers are not required to offer paid vacation37.The phrase “with strings attached”(Para.1) probably means “_________”.A. with specified conditionsB. with full freedomC. with many optionsD. with work in mind38. Which of the following countries offers the longest annual leave to its workers?A. Germany .B. Japan.C. France .D. Australia.39. Many Americans are hesitant to take a vacation because they __________.A. are afraid of losing their jobsB. enjoy the fast pace of workC. are devoted to their jobsD. like the challenges in work40. According to the author , Americans’ chance of taking a long vacation is ______.A. uncertainB. slimC. goodD. promisingPassage ThreeNew research suggests that animals have a much higher level of brainpower than previously thought . If animals do have intelligence , how do scientists measure it ? Before defining animals’ intelligence , scientists defined what is not intelligence . Instinct is not intelligence . It is a skill programmed into an animal’s brain . Rote(机械记忆) conditioning is also not intelligence . Tricks can be learned by repetition , but no real thinking is involved . Scientists believe that insight(顿悟)，the ability to use tools , and communication using human language are all effective measures of the mental ability ofanimals.Scientists define insight as a flash of sudden understanding . When a young gorilla could not reach fruit from a tree , she noticed some boxes scattered about the lawn near the tree . She piled up the boxes , then climbed on them to reach her reward . The gorilla’s insight allowed her to solve a new problem without trial and error.The ability to use tools is also an important sign of intelligence . Crows use sticks to get nuts out of cracks . The crow exhibits intelligence by showing it has learned what a stick can do . Likewise , seals use rocks to crack open shells in order to get at the meat.Many animals have learned to communicate using human language . One chimp can recognize and correctly use more than 250 abstract symbols on a keyboard . These symbols represent human words. An amazing parrot can distinguish five objects of two different types . He can understand the difference between the number , color , and kind of object . The ability to classify is a basic thinking skill. He seems to use language to express his needs and emotions . When ill and taken to the animal hospital for his first overnight stay , this parrot turned to go . “Come here!”he cried to a scientist who works with him . “I love you . I’m sorry. Wanna go back?”The research on animal intelligence raises important questions . If animals are smarter than once thought , would that change the way humans interact with them? Would humans stop hunting them for sport or survival? Would animals still be used for food , clothing , or medical experimentation? Finding the answer to these tough questions makes a difficult puzzle even for a large-brained, problem-solving species like our own.41.As is mentioned in Paragraph 1 , “tricks”played by animals may be ________.A. a sign of intelligenceB. a sign of instinctC. learned through trainingD. programmed in their brain at birth42. Crows’ using sticks to get nuts out of cracks illustrates_________.A. rote learningB. the ability to use toolsC. communication skillsD. instinctive response43. The parrot’s being able to distinguish five objects of two different types indicates______.A. its ability to classifyB. its ability to countC. a grasp of human languageD. a flash of sudden understanding44. Which of the following is an example of animals’ communication through the use ofhuman language ?A. Parrots can imitate.B. Gorillas scream for help.C. A crow shouts warnings to other crows.D. Chimps use symbols that stand for words.45. The last paragraph implies that __________.A. there is no way of measuring animal intelligenceB. animals are given opportunities to display their intelligenceC. the human-animal relationship needs to be reconsideredD. some animal instincts are well beyond our knowledgePassage FourA nother kinds of distinction that can be made among works of art is whether they were originally intended as objects purely to be looked at , or as objects to be used . TheFINE ARTS , such as drawing , painting , and sculpture , involve the production of works to be seen and experienced primarily on an abstract rather than practical level . Pieces of fine art may produce emotional , intellectual , sensual , or spiritual responses in us . Those who love the fine arts feel that these responses are very valuable , and perhaps Especially so in the midst of a highly materialistic world , for they expand our awareness of the great richness of life itself.In contrast to the nonfunctional appeals of the fine arts , the first purpose of the APPLIED ARTS is to serve some useful function . Lucy Lewis , a traditional potter from Acoma Pueblo in New Mexico , has applied a visually exciting surface decoration to her water jar. But the jar’s main reason for being , however , is to hold water . Some of the people of Acoma , which may be the oldest continually inhabited city in the United States , still follow the old ways , carrying water for drinking , cooking , and washing up to their homes from natural ponds below . The forms of their water jars are therefore designed to prevent spilling and to balance readily on one’s head . The pots must also be light in weight , so Acoma water pots are some of the world’s thinnest –walled pottery . Interestingly , the languages of most Native American peoples do not include a word that means “fine art . ”While they have traditionally created pottery , basketry , and weaving with a good sense of design , these pieces were part of their everyday lives.The applied art of pottery-making , is one of the crafts , the making of useful objects by hand . Other applied art disciplines are similarly functional . Graphic designers create advertisements , fabrics , layouts for books and magazines , and so on ; Industrial designers shape the mass – produced objects used by high – tech societies , from cars , telephones , and teapots , to one of the most famous visual images in the world : the Coca –Cola bottle . Other applied arts include clothing design , interior design , and environmental design.46. What has the author probably discussed right before the passage ?A. The history of art .B. The beauty of art .C. Some distinctions among works of art .D. The definition of art in general.47. Which of the following is true ?A. Fine arts enrich our lives .B. Fine arts are associated with application .C. Products of crafts are made to be looked at .D. People in the materialistic world lacks the sense of beauty .48. The water jar mentioned in Paragraph 2 can be described as ___________.A. an example of fine artB. a product of graphic designC. a case of industrial designD. an object for practical use49. The Coca –Cola bottle mentioned in Paragraph 3 ______.A. is a product of craftsB. is an example of applied artC. produces spiritual responsesD. is an object to be looked at50. What is this passage mainly about ?A. The functions of a water jar.B. Pottery-making in North America.C. Fine and applied arts .D. Nonfunctional appeals of fine arts.Part IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark youranswer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.U. S. researchers suggest sleeping can help us remember things we have just learnt .A team from Northwestern University 51 that a 90-minute nap (小睡)can help people learn a new skill . The 52 on their research is published in the June edition of the journal Nature.The scientists say : “Information acquired during waking can be reactivated (重新激活) during sleep , 53 memory stabilization .”Test volunteers practised musical tunes before and after a short sleep . 54 the nap , the researchers played one of the tunes the volunteers had practiced . The team found that the participants made 55 errors when playing the tune that had been played while they slept .Study co-author Dr Paul J . Reuber points out the research might not work 56 learning a foreign language while you sleep . He said : “The critical 57 is that our research shows that memory is strengthened for something you’ve already learned . ”He added : “Rather than learning something 58 in your sleep , we ‘re talking about enhancing an existing memory by reactivating information recently acquired .”59 ,Dr Reuber did say there were possibilities for language learners :“If you were learning 60 to speak in a foreign language during the day , for example , and then tried to reactivate those memories during sleep , perhaps you might enhance your learning ,”he said .51. A. imagine B. learn C. report D. guess52. A. claim B. article C. statement D. lecture53. A. disturbing B. lowering C. updating D. promoting54. A. During B. Before C. At D. After55. A. more B. fewer C. less D. most56. A. with B. fo r C. by D. upon57. A. similarity B. difference C. viewpoint D. response58. A. old B. strange C. unique D. new59. A. However B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Instead60. A. when B. where C. how D. whyPart V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.We all know that the most powerful force in our lives is love . In addition to providing us with soul-warming companionship , the emotion of love is truly inspiring .Of course , the facts of our lives tell a somewhat sad story . We have a very hard time making love last . The divorce rate in the U.S. is still around 50 percent . That figure doesn’t even cover the many couples that live together without marriage and whose unions are even more likely to dissolve .Relationships fail because people have the misconception about what to expect in marriage . The fantasy is that everything will be wonderful as long as you find the perfect person –your missing half . But marriage is a team sport . It’s one team with two people , with two different minds . The difficulty is that these two people disagree all the time . They need to know nondestructive ways of expressing differences and must also be prepared for the inevitable disappointments that come from living with another person. Part VI Writing (30minutes, 15 points)Directions: You are to write in no less than 120 words on the topic of “what would you consider an ideal work environment”. You may base yourcomposition on the Chinese clues given below and put your composition on the ANSWER SHEE T .工作环境包括很多方面：空间、设施、温度、光线、噪音、人员……我想要的理想的工作环境是……理想的工作环境的效用是……参考答案：1——10：D A A A B B A D A C11——20：A A D A D D D B D A21——30：C C B C B A A A D B31——40：D B B A C D A C A B41——50：C B A D C C A D B C51——60：C B D A C B C D A CPart V Translation略Part VI Writing略。
MBA联考英语真题2012年_真题无答案
MBA联考英语真题2012年(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Millions of Americans and foreigners see G. I. Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbol of American military adventurism, but that' s not how it used to be. To the men and women who (1) in World War Ⅱ and the people they liberated, the G. I. was the (2) man grown into hero, the poor farm kid torn away from his home, the guywho (3) all the burdens of battle, who slept in cold foxholes, who went without the (4) of food and shelter, who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder. This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone well paid, (5) an average guy,up (6) the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name isn' t much. G. I. is just a militaryabbreviation (7) Government Issue, and it was on all of the articles (8) to soldiers. And Joe? A common name for a guy who never (9) it to the top. Joe Blow, Joe Palooka, Joe Magrac... a working class name. The United States has (10) had a president or vice-president or secretary of state Joe.G. I. Joe had a (11) career fighting German, Japanese, and Korean troops. He appears as a character, or a (12) of American personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of G. I. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiersPyle (13) portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14) side of the war, writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were (15) or what towns were captured or liberated. His reports (16) the "Willie" cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maul den. Bothmen (17) the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18) of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19) Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G. I. Joe was any American soldier, (20) the most important person in their lives.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.A servedB performedC rebelledD betrayedSSS_SINGLE_SEL 2.A actualB commonC specialD normalSSS_SINGLE_SEL 3.A loadedB easedC removedD boreSSS_SINGLE_SEL 4.A necessitiesB facilitiesC commoditiesD propertiesSSS_SINGLE_SEL 5.A andB norC butD henceSSS_SINGLE_SEL 6.A forB intoC fromD againstSSS_SINGLE_SEL 7.A implyingB meaningC symbolizingD claimingSSS_SINGLE_SEL 8.A handed outB turned overC brought backD passed downSSS_SINGLE_SEL 9.A pushedB gotC madeD managedSSS_SINGLE_SEL 10.A everB neverC eitherD neitherSSS_SINGLE_SEL 11.A disguisedB disturbedC disputedD distinguishedSSS_SINGLE_SEL 12.A companyB communityC collectionD colonySSS_SINGLE_SEL 13.A employedB appointedC interviewedD questionedSSS_SINGLE_SEL 14.A humanB militaryC politicalD ethicalSSS_SINGLE_SEL 15.A ruinedB commutedC patrolledD gainedSSS_SINGLE_SEL 16.A paralleledB counteractedC duplicatedD contradictedSSS_SINGLE_SEL 17.A neglectedB emphasizedC avoidedD admiredSSS_SINGLE_SEL 18.A stagesB illusionsC fragmentsD advancesSSS_SINGLE_SEL 19.A WithB ToC AmongD BeyondSSS_SINGLE_SEL20.A on the contraryB by this meansC from the outsetD at that pointSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on this educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student' s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students **plete on their own orthat they cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling; teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see very little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests **pleting their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a fiat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students' academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework matters, it should account for a significant portion of the grade. Meanwhile, this policy does nothingto ensure that the homework students receive is meaningful or appropriate to their age and the subject, or that teachers are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the schoolboard ,which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L. A. Unified to do homework right.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.It is implied in Paragraph 1 that nowadays homework ______.A is receiving more criticismB is gaining more preferencesC is no longer an educational ritualD is not required for advanced coursesSSS_SINGLE_SEL2.L. A. Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students ______.A tend to have moderate expectations for their educationB have asked for a different educational standardC may have problems finishing their homeworkD have voiced **plaints about homeworkSSS_SINGLE_SEL3.According to Paragraph 3, one problem with the policy is that it may ______.A result in students' indifference to their report cardsB undermine the authority of state testsC restrict teachers' power in educationD discourage students from doing homeworkSSS_SINGLE_SEL4.As mentioned in Paragraph 4,a key question unanswered about homework is whether ______.A it should be eliminatedB it counts much in schoolingC it places extra burdens on teachersD it is important for gradesSSS_SINGLE_SEL5.A suitable title for this text could be ______.A A Faulty Approach to HomeworkB A Welcomed Policy for Poor StudentsC Thorny Questions about HomeworkD Wrong Interpretations of an Educational PolicyText 2Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls' lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls' identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls' lives and interests.Girls' attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletli, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What' s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated will, strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children's marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children' s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothiug manufacturers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a "third stepping slime" between infant wear and older kids' clothes. It was only after"toddler" became a common shoppers' term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences--or invent them where they did not previously exist.SSS_SINGLE_SEL6.By saying "it is... the rainbow" (Para. 1), the author means pink______.A cannot explain girls' lack of imaginationB should not be associated with girls' innocenceC should not be the sole representation of girlhoodD cannot influence girls' lives and interestsSSS_SINGLE_SEL7.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?A Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.B Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.C White is preferred by babies.D Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.SSS_SINGLE_SEL8.The author suggests that our perception of children' s psychological development was much influenced by ______.A the observation of children's natureB the marketing of products for childrenC researches into children's behaviourD studies of childhood consumptionSSS_SINGLE_SEL9.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to ______.A classify consumers into smaller groupsB attach equal importance to different gendersC focus on infant wear and older kids' clothesD create **mon shoppers' termsSSS_SINGLE_SEL10.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to he______.A fully understood by clothing manufacturersB clearly explained by their inborn tendencyC mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenD well interpreted by psychological expertsText 3In 2010, a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades--by 2005 some 20% of human genes were patented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a "preliminary step" in a longer battle.On July 29th they wererelieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman' s risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad ease itself is probably not over. Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; andpatents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such asMyriad' s. A growing number seem to agree. Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule "is no less a product of nature." than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. "Despite the appeals court' s decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genomeviolates the patents of individual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.As the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even greater impact. Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules--most are already patented or in the public domain. Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug' s efficacy" Companies are eager to win patents for "connecting the dots," explains Hans Sauer, a lawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.SSS_SINGLE_SEL11.It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that the **panies would like______.A genes to be patentableB the BIO to issue a warningC their executives to be activeD judges to rule out gene patentingSSS_SINGLE_SEL12.Those who are against gene patents believe that ______.A genetic tests are not reliableB only man-made products are patentableC patents on genes depend much on innovationD courts should restrict access to genetic testsSSS_SINGLE_SEL13.According to Hans Sauer, companies are eager to win patents for______.A discovering gene interactionsB establishing disease correlationsC drawing pictures of genesD identifying human DNASSS_SINGLE_SEL14.By saying" Each meeting was packed" (Para. 6), the author means that ______.A the supreme court was authoritativeB the BIO was a powerful organisationC gene patenting was a great concernD lawyers were keen to attend conventionsSSS_SINGLE_SEL15.Generally speaking, the author' s attitude toward gene patenting is ______.A criticalB supportiveC scornfulD objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends, it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways: they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U. S. , lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them-- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist at Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; itis the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the Internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society. More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society' s character. In many respects, the U. S.was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly will reshape it, and all the more so the longer they extend.SSS_SINGLE_SEL16.By saying "to find silver linings" ( Para. 2) the author suggeststhat the jobless try to ______.A seek subsidies from the governmentB make profits from the troubled economyC explore reasons for the unemploymentD look on the bright side of the recessionSSS_SINGLE_SEL17.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people ______.A struggle against each otherB realize the national dreamC challenge their prudenceD reconsider their lifestyleSSS_SINGLE_SEL18.Benjamin Friedman believes that economic recessions may ______.A impose a heavier burden on immigrantsB bring out more evils of human natureC promote the advance of rights and freedomsD ease .conflicts between races and classesSSS_SINGLE_SEL19.The research of Till Von Wachter suggests that in the recession graduates from elite universities tend to ______.A lag behind the others due to decreased opportunitiesB catch up quickly with experienced employeesC see their life chances as dimmed as the others'D recover more quickly than the othersSSS_SINGLE_SEL20.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is______.A trivialB positiveC certainD destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.•"Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who haveworked here," wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well,not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from our forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today,we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De VirisIllustribus--On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness inconquering fortune and rising to the top. This was thebiographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on itshead. In The Prince, he championed cunning, ruthlessness, andboldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skillsof successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The **memorated the leading painters and authors of their day,stressing the uniqueness of the artist' s personal experiencerather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian authorSamuel Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthylives of engineers, industrialists and explorers. "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, ofpatient purpose, resolute working, and steadfast integrity,issuing in the formation of truly noble and manly character,exhibit," wrote Smiles," what it is in the power of each toaccomplish for himself. "His biographies of James Watt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guidethe working man through his difficult life.This was all a hit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of MartinLuther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochalfigures represented lives hard to imitate, but to beacknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Not everyone was convinced by such bombast. "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of classstruggles," wrote Marx and Engels in The Communist Manifesto.For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealthnor waged battles:" It is man, real, living man who does allthat. "And history should he the story of the masses and theirrecord of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate theeconomic realities, the social contexts and power relations inwhich each epoch stood. For: "Men make their own history, butthey do not make it just as they please; they do not make itunder circumstances chosen by themselves, but undercircumstances directly found, given and transmitted from thepast. "This was the tradition which revolutionised our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britainnurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm.History from below stood alongside biographies of great men.Whole new realms of understanding--from gender to race tocultural studies -- were opened up as scholars unpicked themultiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed publichistory too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.[A] emphasized the virtue of classical heroes.•[B] highlighted the public glory of the leading artists.•[C] focused on epochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate.•[D] opened up new realms of understanding the great men in history.•[E] held that history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle.•[F] dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders.•[G] depicted the worthy lives of engineers, industrialists and explorers.SSS_FILL21.PetrarchSSS_FILL22.Niccolo MachiavelliSSS_FILL23.Samuel SmilesSSS_FILL24.Thomas CarlyleSSS_FILL25.Marx and EngelsSection Ⅲ TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.1. When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world.2. These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates.Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate. A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25. This "brain drain" has long bothered policymakers in poor countries. 3. They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals**e up with clever new products for their factories to make.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI1.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI2.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI3.Section Ⅳ WritingPart A1.Directions:Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bough! from an online store the other day. Write an email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint, and2) demand a prompt solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei" instead.Do not write the address.SSS_TEXT_QUSTIPart B2.Directions:Write an essay based on the following table. In your writing, you should1) describe the table, and2) give **ments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI1。
2012年考研英语真题及答案解析
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Y et, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law.1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D] eliminated4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted5. [A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone7. [A]resorts [B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies8. [A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle9. [A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict10. [A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though12. [A]serve [B]satisfy [C]upset [D]replace13. [A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer14. [A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied15. [A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conceptions16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls17. [A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted18. [A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable20. [A]by all mesns [B]atall costs [C]in a word [D]as a resultSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psyc hology.” Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as[A] a supplement to the social cure[B] a stimulus to group dynamics[C] an obstacle to school progress[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should[A] recruit professional advertisers[B] learn from advertisers’experience[C] stay away from commercial advertisers[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to[A] adequately probe social and biological factors[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure[C] illustrate the functions of state funding[D]produce a long-lasting social effect24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors[A] is harmful to our networks of friends[B] will mislead behavioral studies[C] occurs without our realizing it[D] can produce negative health habits25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is[A] harmful[B] desirable[C] profound[D] questionableText 2A deal is a deal-except, apparently ,when Entergy is involved. The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in V ermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not challenge the constitutionality of V ermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its V ermont Y ankee nuclear power plant running. It’s a stunning move.The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought V ermont’s only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in V ernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plant’s license be subject to V ermont legislature’s approval. Then, too, the company went along.Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn’t foresee what would happen next. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 207 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both V ermont Y ankee’s safety and Entergy’s management–especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergy’s behavior, the V ermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do havesome regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say that V ermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in V ermont is already so damaged that it has noting left to lose by going to war with the state. But there should be consequences. Permission to run a nuclear plant is a poblic trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) review s the company’s application, it should keep it mind what promises from Entergy are worth.26. The phrase “reneging on”(Line 3.para.1) is closest in meaning to[A] condemning.[B] reaffirming.[C] dishonoring.[D] securing.27. By entering into the 2002 agreement, Entergy intended to[A] obtain protection from V ermont regulators.[B] seek favor from the federal legislature.[C] acquire an extension of its business license .[D] get permission to purchase a power plant.28. According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with its[A] managerial practices.[B] technical innovativeness.[C] financial goals.[D] business vision29. In the author’s view, the V ermont case will test[A] Entergy’s capacity to fulfill all its promises.[B] the mature of states’patchwork regulations.[C] the federal authority over nuclear issues .[D] the limits of states’power over nuclear issues.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] Entergy’s business elsewhere might be affected.[B] the authority of the NRC will be defied.[C] Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth application.[D] V ermont’s reputation might be damaged.Text 3In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound.Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.” But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.In the end, credibility “happens”to a discovery claim – a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s c onceptions of reason.”31. According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its[A] uncertainty and complexity.[B] misconception and deceptiveness.[C] logicality and objectivity.[D] systematicness and regularity.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires[A] strict inspection.[B]shared efforts.[C] individual wisdom.[D]persistent innovation.33.Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it[A] has attracted the attention of the general public.[B]has been examined by the scientific community.[C] has received recognition from editors and reviewers.[D]has been frequently quoted by peer scientists.34. Albert Szent-Györgyi would most likely agree that[A] scientific claims will survive challenges.[B]discoveries today inspire future research.[C] efforts to make discoveries are justified.[D]scientific work calls for a critical mind.35.Which of the following would be the best title of the test?[A] Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.[B]Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.[C] Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.[D]Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.Text 4If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionist s in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of America’s public-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled by unions. The teachers’unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices. Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded”public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too.John Donahue at Harvard’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the pre sident of the United States. Bankers’ fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.36. It can be learned from the first paragraph that[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members.[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant.[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.[D]the government has improved its relationship with unionists.37. Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2?[A] Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions.[B] Education is required for public-sector union membership.[C] Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions.[D]Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.38. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the state sector is[A] illegally secured.[B] indirectly augmented.[C] excessively increased.[D]fairly adjusted.39. The example of the unions in Wisconsin shows that unions[A]often run against the current political system.[B]can change people’s political attitudes.[C]may be a barrier to public-sector reforms.[D]are dominant in the government.40. John Donahue’s attitude towards the public-sector system is one of[A]disapproval.[B]appreciation.[C]tolerance.[D]indifference.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. Y ou are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41)The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century's culture machine.But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution.(42)I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of whatthey are doing.All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Y et for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43)For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. (44)Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.(45)What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of "stickiness" - creations and experiences to which others adhere.[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.[B] Applications like , which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.[C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.[D] This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading - between passive consumption and active creation - whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.[E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.[F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.[G]The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Y our translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that itmight entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too.(47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar.A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraintsGray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universalsSection III WritingPart A51. Directions:Some internationals students are coming to your university. Write them an email in the name of the Students’Union to1) extend your welcome and2) provide some suggestions for their campus life here.Y ou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address(10 points)Part B52. Directions: write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsY ou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20 points)参考答案Section I: Use of English1.B2.A3.B4.D5.C6.B7.D8.B9.A10.B11.A12.C 13.C 14.D 15.A16.C 17.A18.C 19.D 20.DSection II: Reading ComprehensionPart A21.D 22.B 23.A24.C 25.D26.C 27.D 28.A29.D 30.A31.A 32.B 33.B 34.D 35.C36.C 37.D 38.B 39.C 40.APart B41. C 42.D 43. A 44.F 45.GPart C46. 物理学中的一个理论把这种归一的冲动发挥到了极致，它探寻一种万有理论——一个关于我们能看到的一切的生成方程式。
2012年英语真题答案.doc
Section ⅠUse of English2012年的完型填空是有关美国司法官伦理和政治关系的一篇文章，出自New York Times, June, 30th , 2011的“Ethics, Politics and the Law”一文。
选材回归了2000年完型曾出过的法律类文章，而且和当年一样，也是包含几个小段落，不像以往的文章，三段或者四段论，脉络比较清晰，结构容易把握。
而且，较去年比较“平易近人”的文章，这篇法律类文章背后有一定的背景知识，比较关注时事或者对这一块儿有所了解的同学，会相应得心应手一些。
另外，20道题目中，多达13题都是在考查动词，虽然选项中基本不存在干扰项，除了15题一道考查两词的辨析之外，其他的选项含义都差别甚远，按理说值得高兴。
但是这些考查动词的题目中，许多都考查对于熟词僻义的掌握情况，往年就是08年出现了3处，今年也出现3处。
仅有2道题考查逻辑词，而且这两道题是送分题，不需要考虑太多。
一向是命题人偏爱的以“able”作后缀的形容词依然出现(19题)。
下面就真题作一个详细解析。
和以往一样，第一句话不设空，帮助同学们理解全文探讨的话题：美国高等法庭司法官的伦理道德问题。
题1选B。
maintain. 此空有赖于对后文的理解。
这直接体现了我们作完型的整体思路，也就是首先通读全文。
尤其是看到最后一段直接给出提议：希望法官和政治划清界限从而保证自己的权威性，因此全文的导向和逻辑就非常清晰了。
同时，题2答案(when)也顺势而出：如果法官们和政治家一样，法庭就不能捍卫自己作为法律卫道士的权威。
题2选A。
这里的when其实表示条件关系，即“如果……。
”题3选择weakened。
上下文语义题+词义辨析。
选项含义差别较大，要求对上下文逻辑关系掌握清楚。
Yet表示一个转折：“即使这样，还是有很多法官这样做，损害了法庭独立和公正的名声。
” 本题如果能把导向把握准，即可定位在B和D两项，D项eliminated 过于绝对，排除。
2012年管理联考及英语二真题(精细排版)
2012年管理类专业硕士学位全国联考综合试卷一、问题求解：第1-15小题，每小题3分，共45分，下列每题给出的五个选项中，A 、B 、C 、D 、E 只有一个项符合试题要求。
请在答题卡上将所选项字母涂黑。
1、某商品的定价为200元，受金融危机的影响，连续两次降价20%以后的售价为是A 、114元B 、120元C 、128元D 、144元E 、160元2、在一次捐赠活动中，某市将捐赠的物品打包成件，其中帐篷和食品共320件，帐篷比食品多80件，则帐篷的件数是A 、180B 、200C 、230D 、240E 、2603、如图1，一个储物罐的下半部分的底面直径与高均是20m 的圆柱形，上半部分（顶部）是半球形，已知底面与顶部的造价是400元/m 2，侧面的造价是300元/m 2，该储物罐的造价是（14.3=π）A 、56.52万元B 、62.8万元C 、75.36万元D 、87.92万元E 、100.48万元4、在一次商品促销活动中，主持人出示一个9位数，让顾客猜测商品价格，商品价格是该9位数中从左到右相邻的3个数字组成的3位数，若主持人出示的是513535319，则顾客一次猜中价格的概率是A 、1/7B 、1/6C 、1/5D 、2/7E 、1/35、某商店经营15种商品，每次在橱窗内陈列5种，若每次陈列的商品不完全相同，则最多可陈列A 、3000次B 、3003次C 、4000次D 、4003次E 、4300次6、甲，乙，丙三个地区的公务员参加一次测评，其人数和考分情况如下表：人数 分数地区6 7 8 9 甲10 10 10 10 乙15 15 10 20 丙 10 10 15 15三个地区按平均分由高到低的排名顺序为A 、乙、丙、甲B 、乙、甲、丙C 、甲、丙、乙D 、丙、甲、乙E 、丙、乙、甲7、经统计，某机场的一个安检口每天中午办理安检手续的乘客人数及相应的概率如下表： 乘客人数0～5 6～10 11～15 16～20 21～25 25以上 概率 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.25 0.2 0.05 该安检口2天中至少有1天中午办理安检手续的乘客人数超过15人的概率是A 、0.2B 、0.25C 、0.4D 、0.5E 、0.758、某人在保险柜中存放了M 元现金，第一天取出它的32，以后每天取出前一天所取的31，共取了7次，保险柜中剩余的现金为A 、73M 元B 、63M 元C 、632M 元 D 、M ])32(1[7-元 E 、M ])32(71[7⨯-元 9、在直角坐标系中，若平面区域D 中所有点的坐标（x ，y ）均满足：60≤≤x ，60≤≤y ，3≤-x y ，922≥+y x ，则D 的面积是A 、)41(49π+B 、9（44π-）C 、)43(9π-D 、)2(49π+ E 、)1(49π+ 10、某单位春季植物100棵，前2天安排乙组植树，其余任务由甲，乙两组用3天完成，已知甲组每天比乙组多植树4棵，则甲组每天植树A 、11棵B 、12棵C 、13棵D 、15棵E 、17棵11、在两队进行的羽毛坏对抗赛中，每对派出3男2女共5名运动员进行5局单打比赛，如果女子比赛安排在第二和第四局进行，则每队队员的不同出场顺序有A 、12种B 、10种C 、8种D 、6 种E 、4种12、若b ax x x +++23能被232+-x x 整除，则A 、a=4，b=4B 、a=—4，b=—4C 、a=10，b=—8D 、a=—10，b=8E 、a=—2，b=013、某公司计划运送180台电视机和110台洗衣机下乡，现有两种货车，甲种货车每辆最多可载40台电视机和10台洗衣机，乙种货车每辆最多可载20台电视机和20台洗衣机。
2012年MBA联考英语真题附答案（三）
Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America’s Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them ? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date. In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same. It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further. Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable. The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business. 1. By saying “Newspapers like … their own doom” (Lines 3-4, Para. 1), the author indicates that newspaper . [A]neglected the sign of crisis [B]failed to get state subsidies [C]were not charitable corporations [D]were in a desperate situation 2. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because . [A]readers threatened to pay less [B]newspapers wanted to reduce costs [C]journalists reported little about these areas [D]subscribers complained about slimmer products 3. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they . [A]have more sources of revenue [B]have more balanced newsrooms [C]are less dependent on advertising [D]are less affected by readership 4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business? [A]Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers. [B]Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper. [C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business. [D]Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews. 5. The most appropriate title for this text would be . [A]American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival [B]American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind [C]American Newspapers: A Thriving Business [D]American Newspapers: A Hopeless Story 参考答案 1．D。
MBA联考英语真题2012年_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
MBA联考英语真题2012年(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Millions of Americans and foreigners see G. I. Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbol of American military adventurism, but that' s not how it used to be. To the men and women who (1) in World War Ⅱ and the people they liberated, the G. I. was the (2) man grown into hero, the poor farm kid torn away from his home, the guywho (3) all the burdens of battle, who slept in cold foxholes, who went without the (4) of food and shelter, who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder. This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone well paid, (5) an average guy,up (6) the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name isn' t much. G. I. is just a militaryabbreviation (7) Government Issue, and it was on all of the articles (8) to soldiers. And Joe? A common name for a guy who never (9) it to the top. Joe Blow, Joe Palooka, Joe Magrac... a working class name. The United States has (10) had a president or vice-president or secretary of state Joe.G. I. Joe had a (11) career fighting German, Japanese, and Korean troops. He appears as a character, or a (12) of American personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of G. I. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiersPyle (13) portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14) side of the war, writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were (15) or what towns were captured or liberated. His reports (16) the "Willie" cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maul den. Bothmen (17) the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18) of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19) Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G. I. Joe was any American soldier, (20) the most important person in their lives.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.A servedB performedC rebelledD betrayed该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:A动词辨析。
2012年在职攻硕英语联考真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2012年在职攻硕英语联考真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Dialogue Communication 2. V ocabulary and Structure 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Cloze Test 5. Translation 6. WritingPart I Dialogue Communication (15 minutes, 15 points)Section A Dialogue CompletionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1．Speaker A: I am so glad I caught you at home. I need your help! Speaker B: ______, Robin?A．Can IB．Do youC．What’s thatD．What’s up正确答案：D解析：从说话人A罗宾的话可知，他有事求说话人B帮忙，因此选项D是对话语恰当的反应。
“What’s up?”用在口语中，尤指“(不好的事)出了什么事?”，符合该对话上下文语境，因此是正确答案。
2．Speaker A: I don’t have the slightest idea what you want to say. Speaker B: You don’t have to. ______A．Forget it.B．Just follow my lead.C．I’ll say it later.D．If only you wanted to.正确答案：B解析：从说话人B的第一句话就知，说话人A是否听明白了自己的话并不重要，因此可以排除选项C和D。
2012研究生考试英语真题及参考答案（解析）
Section I Use of English 1.【答案】B 【解析】从空后的句⼦“他们解放的⼈们”可以看出，空前的句⼦表⽰的应该是参加了第⼆次⼤战的男⼈和⼥⼈。
只有serve有“服兵役”的意思，所以选B。
其他都不符合题意。
2.【答案】B 【解析】空内信息应该是与hero“英雄”意思相对，后⾯的分句说他背井离乡，经历了很多苦难，显然这⾥应该是说由普通⼈平凡⼈(common man)成长为英雄，所以选B。
3.【答案】A 【解析】本题考查的是词语的搭配关系，承担战争带来的负担，应该⽤动词bear或shoulder，所以这⾥选A，bore。
4.【答案】A 【解析】necessities表⽰“⽣活必需品”，空外信息food和shelter(⾷物和住宿)这些就是维持⽣存最起码的条件。
Facilities 是设备设施，commodities商品，properties财产，均不符合题意。
5.【答案】C 【解析】not…but，“不是，⽽是”表转折，不是⾃愿兵，也没有⾼的报酬，⽽是⼀个普通⼈。
所以选C。
6.【答案】D 【解析】这道题主要考查介词的搭配。
根据up______(the best trained, bestequipped, fiercest, most brutal).enemies可以知道是起来反抗敌⼈，所以选D选项against。
7.【答案】C 【解析】GI。
在军事上是Government Issue 的缩略语，所以，GL。
这个符号就是象征着这个全称Government Issue。
选C。
8.【答案】A 【解析】该句意思为，GI。
这个符号出现在给⼠兵分发的所有物品上，hand out “分发，发放”符合题意。
Turn over “移交”，bring back“带回”，pass down“传承，⼀代⼀代传下来”在句意上都说不通。
9.【答案】C 【解析】空所在句⼦的语境为：Joe是个普通名词，⼀个从未爬到社会顶层的⼈的名字。
2012年MBA联考英语真题分析和阅读部分详解(陈雪峰)
2012年MBA联考英语真题分析及阅读部分详解各位亲爱的同学们，2012年MBA的联考已经结束，一切都尘埃落定了，想必又会是几家欢喜几家愁。
昨天实在太忙，今天下午抽时间做完了今年的MBA英语联考真题，我觉得只要我的学生们能把各个老师的应试方法很好的融会贯通了，问题就不会特别大，成功通过应该没有什么问题。
我仔细研究了今年英语试卷的出题特点，并比较了历年考试真题，我发现MBA英语联考又开始出现几个新的趋势，值得我们2013年的考生注意。
也值得所有考生的反思。
一、完型部分今年的完型难度总体来说不是很简单，因为技巧性比以往的考试低了很多，换言之，要猜就不是特别容易了，不过值得我们庆幸的是，有一个重要的出题原则被很好的保留了，那就是“马太效应”，今年这篇完型的80个选项，全都沿用了历年完型中出现过的单词，如果学生能够在考前能跟着我的要求，把过去6年的MBA完型真题认真的看一遍，至少是不会出现选项不认识这样的情况的，再配合我上课讲过的全文逻辑，单词联想等思路，最终得到5分以上是没有什么问题的。
而完型考试能得到5分以上的成绩就是一种成功了。
二、阅读部分考生都应该已经很熟悉“得阅读者得英语”这句话了，今年的阅读出题情况又如何呢？总体来说，文章都不是特别好懂，而且出题比较刁钻，难度较大，也发现其中有2道题争议不小。
但是难归难，如果各位考生可以很好的贯彻我们老师的思路的话，去做题，而不是去看懂文章。
得到理想的分数还是没有问题的。
同时，今年的新题型有点出人意料，考了7选5，但是难度相应的低了很多。
现在我们来进行一下细节分析。
Passage 1第一篇文章讲的是课后作业的意义和去留。
应该算是4篇文章里面第二简单的那一篇。
第一题答案：A此题的出题词是imply，是推断题，出题点是第一段Unfortunately之后（体现了我讲的3词定位原则：转折词出题）。
首先B和C都属于细节题答案，不用管，它们照抄了原文，然后可以按照陈老师的选项分析意识，将答案缩小到A和D（反义原则：两个选项是反义词就一定2选1），那么大难就可以很容易做出来了，对于作业，在一开始是受批判的（Homework is receiving more criticism）第二题答案：C此题是问原因的细节题，出题词是rule。
2012考研英语(二)真题及答案解析
2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二真题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI. Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbol of American military adventurism, but that‘s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 in World War II and the people they liberated, the GI. was the 2 man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3 all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes, who went without the 4 of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid, 5 an average guy ,up 6 the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much. GI. is just a military abbreviation 7 Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8 to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow, Joe Magrac …a working class name. The United States has 10) had a president or vice president or secretary of state Joe.GI .Joe had a 11 career fighting German, Japanese, and Korean troops. He appears as a character, or a 12 of American personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the 14 side of the war, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were 15 or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports 16 the ―willie‖ cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war, the 18 of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. 19 Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier, 20 the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilities [C]commodities [D]properties5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advances19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that point答案解析：1.【答案】B【解析】从空后的句子―他们解放的人们‖可以看出，空前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人。
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GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep.
and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best euipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries。
2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal
3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded
4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes
5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D
His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac ?a working class name.The United ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱtates has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe。
(19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives。
1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed