声光双控灯毕业设计报告书2020.1

课题报告题目：声光双控灯

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学号：

院系：信息工程系

专业：移动通信技术

指导教师：

2020 年 3 月 2日

声光控制开关是一种当环境亮度高时，有声响灯也不亮，当环境亮度低利用人的脚步声、说话声、击掌声等声音作用使灯点亮，亮灯一定时间后能自动熄灯的自动控制照明开关。它一般采用集成电路，其基础原理是当白天的环境亮度高时，经光敏电阻的作用，电路被封锁，声音不能触发电路工作，灯泡不亮。晚上或环境亮度低时，光敏电阻阻值呈相反状态，当有声音时，声音信号由压电陶瓷片拾取，经声电转换成微弱的电信号，该信号经放大后送处理器处理，处理器经将幅度、频率不尽相同的若干声波信号转换成一次状态改变的控制信号，延时后执行机构直接控制开关，电路工作，灯泡点亮，亮灯一定间后（可根据需要设定）自动熄灭。在实际工程应用中，要注意选择灵敏度适宜，电路元件质量好的开关。有的开关灵敏度低或器件质量存在问题，必须大喊一声，或使劲跺脚、拍手，才能使灯亮起来，嗓声大，对环境影响大，不受欢迎。此外，还要注意维护，有的开关因环境光接收口被灰尘、小广告覆盖，无声响时，白天灯也自动点亮，或某个元件故障，导致晚间灯不亮，或即亮即灭等现象，影响使用。

关键词：与非门放大；光敏二极管；可控开关；延迟电路。

Sound and light control switch is a kind of brightness when the environment is high, there is sound lights do not shine, when the environmental brightness is low, the use of people's footsteps, voices, applause and other sound effects hit so that lamp lit, lighting a certain time can automatically turn off the lights after the automatic control of lighting switches. It is commonly used integrated circuits, based on principle is that when the ambient light is high during the day, after the role of photosensitive resistor, the circuit is blocked, the sound does not trigger the circuit, light bulb does not shine. At night or environmental brightness is low, the photosensitive resistor was the opposite state, when there are sound, the sound signals picked up by the piezoelectric ceramics by acoustic-electric converted into weak electrical signals, the signal after amplification evacuation processor, handling device will be amplitude, frequency, a number of different acoustic signals into a state change of the control signal, time delay after the direct control by the executive body switches, circuit work, light bulbs, lighting upon certain rooms (can be set as required) automatically switch off. In practical engineering applications, the sensitivity should be selected from suitable, good quality components, the circuit switch. Some switches or low sensitivity device quality problems must be shouted, or energetically stomping, clapping, can lights up, throat and loud voices on the environmental impact of large, unpopular. In addition, we must pay attention to maintain, and some switch I have been receiving due to ambient light dust, small advertising coverage, no sound when the lights are automatically lit during the day, or a component failure,resulting in night light does not shine, or the bright Jimie and otherphenomena affect the use.

Key words: cross-coupled nand gates amplifier, Photosensitive diode; Controllable switching; Latency circuits.

目录

1前言 (1)

1.1课题研究的目的和意义 (1)

1.2国内外概况 (1)

1.3 设计思路及优缺点 (2)

2设计方案论证 (2)

2.1题目分析 (3)

2.2设计方案 (4)

2.3方案比较 (5)

3声光双控节能灯设计 (5)

3.1方案电路原理框图 (5)

3.2声控电路 (6)

3.3整流电路 (6)

3.4光控电路 (7)

3.5延时电子开关电路 (8)

3. 6元件清单表 (9)

3.7声光控制灯的常见故障与检修 (9)

4主要元器件介绍 (10)

4.1 驻极体话筒 (10)

4.2光敏电阻 (13)

4.3 调试 (14)

4.4 CD4011芯片的结构与原理 (14)

5小结 (16)

6致谢 (16)

7参考文献 (18)