翻译常用经济社会类词汇总结

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社会政治和经济类热点词汇翻译总结

Deepening reform and opening up 深化改革扩大开放The theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics建设有中国特色的社会主义理论The theory on the initial stage of socialism 社会主义初级阶段的理论One focus, two basic points 一个中心，两个基本点Focus on economic construction 以经济建设为中心Adhere to the four cardinal principles 坚持四项基本原则Adhere to reforms and opening to the outside world 坚持改革开放Seizing the opportunity, deepening the reform, opening 抓住机遇，深化改革，wider to the rest of the world, promoting development, maintaining stability扩大开放，促进发展，保持稳定Whether it would be beneficial to developing socialist productive forces是否有利于发展社会主义生产力Whether it would be benefic ial to enhancing the overall strength of the country是否有利于增强综合国力Whether it would be beneficial to raising people’s living standard是否有利于提高人民生活水平Taking the socialist public ownership as the mainstay 以社会主义公有制为主体Common development of multi-economic sectors 多种经济成分共同发展Establishment of socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济的建立Deepening economic reform 深化经济改革Relationships among reform, development and stability 改革发展和稳定的关系Deepening of reform and promotion of development 深化改革与促进发展Economic growth and social progress 经济增长与社会进步Strengthen the position of agriculture 加强农业的基础地位Science and technology are the primary productive forces 科学技术是第一生产力Strengthen the socialist legal system 加强社会主义法制A series of policies and measures 一系列政策措施Reform and opening up policy 改革开放政策Reform measures 改革措施Speed up reform 加快改革Reform of economic system 经济体制改革Reform of state-owned enterprises 国有企业改革Strengthen the management of state-owned property 加强国有资产管理Reform of management of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改革Reform of property rights system 产权制度改革Reform of commodity circulation 商品流通体制改革Reform of foreign trade system 外贸体制改革Reform of personnel system 人事制度改革Reform of social security system 社会保险制度改革Reform of housing system 住房制度改革Planning system 计划管理体制Transferring the function of government 转换政府职能Open door policy 开放政策Open economy 开放经济Open-door to the outside world 对外开放Opening up 扩大开放Open domestic market 开放国内市场Introduce foreign capital, advanced technology and 引进外国的资金，先进技术和managerial experiences 管理经验Economic and technical development zone 经济技术开发区Special economic zones in coastal areas 沿海经济特区One country, two systems 一国两制Special administrative region 特别行政区Contract responsibility system with remuneration linked 家庭联产承包责任制to the householdNarrowing the gap between the rich and poor 缩小贫富差距Eliminate poverty 消除贫困Common prosperity 共同富裕ECONOMY AND MARKET ECONOMY经济和市场经济Socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济Socialist sector of economy 社会主义经济成分State-owned economy 国有经济Non-state economy 非国有经济Collective economy 集体经济Individual economy 个体经济Coexistence of various economic composition 多种经济成分共存Sustained, rapid and sound economic development 持续，快速和健康的经济发展National economic budget 国民经济预算Comprehensive development of economy 经济综合发展Strategy for economic development 经济发展战略Theory of macroeconomic policy 宏观经济政策理论Macroeconomic decision 宏观经济决策Microeconomic phenomenon 微观经济现象Traditional planned economy 传统的计划经济Stimulate economic development 刺激经济发展Commodity economy 商品经济Market economy 市场经济Free market economy 自由市场经济Developed market economy 发达的市场经济Developing market economy 发展中的市场经济Emerging market economy 新兴市场经济Mature market economy 成熟市场经济Market economy country 市场经济国家Extensive economy 粗放型经济Intensive economy 集约型经济Transform the extensive economic 粗放型经济转变为mode into intensive one 集约型经济Mixed economy 混合经济Regional economy 地区经济Internal-oriented economy 内向型经济Closed economy 闭关自守经济Economic growth point 经济增长点Economic growth mode 经济增长方式Economic growth rate 经济增长率Economy measure 经济手段Diversified economy 多种经济，多样化经济Economic situation 经济形势Economic cycle 经济周期Economic fluctuation 经济波动Economic miracle 经济奇迹Economic take-off 经济起飞Economic recovery 经济复苏Economic potential 经济潜力Economic sanction 经济制裁Global economy 全球经济Economic globalization 经济全球化Integration of world economy 世界经济一体化International economic integration 国际经济一体化New international economic order 国际新经济秩序Multi-polarization of world economy 世界经济多极化Economic community 经济共同体MACRO-CONTROL 宏观调控Strengthen macro-control 加强宏观调控Soft landing 软着路Macro-economic situation 宏观经济形势Macro control and micro invigoration 宏观控制与微观搞活Control of overall volume and economic restructuring 总量控制与经济结构调整Tight control on investment in fixed assets 紧缩固定资产投资控制Tight financial and monetary policy 从紧的金融货币政策Moderately tight monetary policy 适度从紧的货币政策Moderately tight credit policy 适度从紧的信贷政策Loosening tight monetary policy 放松紧缩的货币政策Adequate amount of the money supply 适度货币供应量Excessive amount of currency issue 过度货币发行量Maintain monetary stability 保持货币稳定Cheap money policy 低息货币政策Adjustment of interest rate 利率调整Cut interest rate 降低利率Control of interest rate 利率控制Deflation policy 紧缩政策Market intervention 市场干预State intervention 国家干预Administrative interference 行政干预Administrative intervention 行政干预Administrative measure 行政措施Economy measure 经济手段Risk-control mechanism 风险控制机制Overheated economy 过热的经济Consumer price index 消费品价格指数Commodity price index 商品物价指数Retail price index 零售物价指数A verage price index 平均物价指数Cost-of-living index 生活费用指数Control of inflation 通货膨胀控制Demand-pull inflation 需求拉动的通货膨胀Double digit inflation 两位数字通货膨胀Excessive inflation 过度的通货膨胀Galloping inflation 恶性通货膨胀Hyperinflation 极度通货膨胀Hidden inflation 隐性通货膨胀Structural inflation 结构性通货膨胀Stagflation 经济停滞型的通货膨胀Inflation factor 通货膨胀因素Inflation of credit 信用膨胀Inflation rate 通货膨胀率Inflationary pressure 通货膨胀压力Curb inflation 抑制通货膨胀Curb the real estate craze 抑制房地产热Development zone craze 开发区热Overall demand and supply 总需求和总供给Balance between supply and demand 供需平衡Supply and demand relation 供求关系Supply over demand 供过于求Supply exceeds demand 供过于求Economic crisis 经济危机Economic depression 经济萧条MANAGEMENT OF STA TE-OWNED PROPERTY国有资产管理Establish a system for the management, supervision 建立国有资产管理，监督和营运体系and operation of State assetsReform of management of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改革Clearly defining property rights, specifying rights and 产权清晰，责权明确，政企分开，responsibilities, separating ownership from daily 管理科学management and adopting scientific managementRegulation on the supervision and management 国有企业监督管理条例of the state-owned enterprisesLaws and regulations on the administration of 国有资产管理法律法规state-owned propertyOperate independently, assume sole responsibility 自主经营，自负盈亏，自我发展，for its profits and losses, seek self-development 自我约束and self-relianceUphold the principle of separating the functions of 坚持政企分开的原则，转变政府government from those of enterprises and alter the 经济管理职能government’s role in economic management Safeguard state property 保卫国有资产Preserve and increase value and prevent losses 保值增值防止流失Prevent the drain of State-owned property 防止国有资产流失Reform of property rights system 产权制度改革Definition of property rights 产权界定Clarification of property rights 明晰产权Registration of property rights 产权登记Annual checks of the registration of property rights 产权登记年检Certificate of title 产权证书Change of registration 变更登记Change of title 产权变更Transfer of property rights 产权转让Transaction of property rights 产权交易Property rights transfer agency 产权交易机构Inspection of assets 资产清查Re-evaluation of fixed assets 固定资产重估Asset appraisal 资产评估Productive assets 经营性资产Non-productive assets 非经营性资产Return on assets 资产收益Balance sheet 资产负债表Consolidated balance sheet 合并资产负债表Reform of State-Owned Enterprises国有企业改革Step up efforts to reform State-owned enterprises 加大国有企业改革力度Readjust and reorganize State-owned enterprises to 调整改组国有企业促进资产重组promote re-arrangement of assets and raise the 提高国有经济的总体素质overall quality of the State sector of the economyConcentrate on rejuvenating State-owned large 集中力量抓好国有大型企业和enterprises and enterprises groups 企业集团Develop trans-regional and inter-trade enterprise 发展跨地区跨行业的企业集团groupsReform, reorganization and upgrading 改革，改组和改造Re-organization, association, merger, joint 改组，联合，兼并，股份合作制partnership, leasing, contract operation 租赁，承包经营和出售and sell-offManage well large enterprises and adopt a flexible 抓好大的，放活小的policy towards small onesGive small State-owned enterprises greater freedom 放活国有小企业Standardize bankruptcy procedures, encourage 规范破产程序，鼓励企业兼并，merging of enterprises and promote re-employment 促进再就业Allow money-losing enterprise to merger 允许亏损企业兼并或破产or go bankruptDispersion of redundant employees 分流富余人员Re-employment funds 再就业基金Conscientiously strengthen the operation and 切实加强企业经营管理management of enterprisesStrengthen financial management of enterprises 强化企业财务管理Tighten control over extrabudgetary funds 加强预算外资金管理Increase capital and reduce debts through various 多渠道增资减债channelsStrive to help enterprises eliminate losses and 抓好企业扭亏增盈increase profitsDevelop various modes of operation and marketing 发展多种营销方式Alleviate enterprises’social burdens 减轻企业的社会负担By tapping the potential and upgrading the 通过挖潜改造technologyMechanism for selecting the superior and eliminating 优胜劣汰机制the inferiorEnjoy more decision-making power 享有更多的决策权Allow employees to hold some shares 允许职工持股Give more productive enterprises the power to engage 给更多的生产企业自营出口权in export independentlyProtect the interests of the working class 保护工人阶级利益Technological upgrading 技术改造Reform of state-owned enterprises 国有企业改革Deepening of the reform of State-owned enterprises 深化国有企业改革Modern enterprise system 现代企业制度Reorganization of state-owned enterprises 国有企业重组Transform the enterprises’ management mechanismsof State-owned enterprises 转换国有企业经营机制Adjustment of industrial structure 行业结构调整Industrial policy 产业政策Support and develop large enterprises and release smallenterprises 支持发展大企业放开小企业Large and medium-sized State-owned enterprises can beturned into corporate enterprises 大中型企业可转变为股份公司Smaller enterprises can become shareholding co-operatives 小企业可转变为股份合作制Readjust the asset-liability ratio of state-owned enterprises 调整国有企业资产负债比State-owned independent accounting industrial enterprises 国有独立核算企业Pioneer enterprise 试点企业Enlarge the right of self-management 扩大自主权Optimize capital structure 优化资本结构Optimize resource allocation 优化资源配置Optimize investment structure 优化投资结构Recapitalization 调整资本结构Capital reorganization 资本重组Promote rational flow of property right 促进产权合理流动Reduce staff to improve efficiency 减员增效Investment risk mechanism 投资风险机制Project capital system 项目资本金制度Legal person responsibility system 法人责任制Responsibility for one’s own profit and loss 自负盈亏Enterprise contract management responsibility system 企业承包责任制Unreasonable economic structure 不合理的经济结构Unreasonable product structure 不合理的产品结构Repeated construction 重复建设Repeated introduction of foreign equipment and technology 外国设备和技术的重复引进Regional and departmental protectionism 地区和部门保持主义Government supervision 政府监督Operating strategy 经营战略Out-dated management styles 落后的管理方式Backward in management 管理落后Relying on government subsidy 依赖政府补贴Heavy social subsidy 沉重的社会补贴Heavy social burdens 沉重的社会负担Excessive production capacity 过剩的生产能力Merger and acquisition 兼并与收购Encourage merger 鼓励兼并Preferential policy for bankruptcy and merger 对破产和兼并企业的优惠政策Standardize bankruptcy procedure 规范破产程序Prevent false bankruptcy 防止假破产Construction of a multi-layer social security system 建立多层次的社会保障制度Re-employment projects 再就业工程Re-employment of redundant workers 富余职工再就业Laid-off workers 下岗职工ENTERPRISE AND COMPANY企业和公司Central enterprise 中央企业Local enterprise 地方企业Backbone enterprise 骨干企业Large and medium enterprise 大中型企业State-owned enterprise 国有企业Enterprise solely funded by the State 国有独资企业State-owned firm 国有公司，国有企业Corporate enterprise 股份制企业Collective enterprise 集体企业Collective firm 集体企业，合作企业Township enterprise 乡镇企业Partnership enterprise 合伙企业Individual enterprise 个体企业Foreign-funded enterprise 外资企业Top 500 enterprises 最大500家企业Small business 小企业Primary industry 第一产业Secondary industry 第二产业Tertiary industry 第三产业Corporate Law 公司法Township Enterprise Law 乡镇企业法Independent legal entities 独立法人Board of directors 董事会Board of supervisors 监事会Shareholders conference 股东大会Entrepreneur 企业家Firm 公司，企业Company 公司Incorporation 公司Corporation 股份公司Group of enterprises 企业集团Conglomerate 企业集团，综合性大企业Company limited by shares 股份有限责任公司Controlling company 控股公司Holding company 控股公司Bank holding company 银行控股公司Company with limited liability 有限责任公司State-owned holding company 国家控股公司Public company 上市公司Private company 非上市公司Listed company 上市公司Overseas-listed company 境外上市公司Parent company 母公司Subsidiary company 子公司Group company 集团公司Large-scale industrial group 大型工业集团International conglomerate 跨国企业集团International corporation 跨国公司Multinational corporation 跨国公司Multinational market group 跨国市场集团Banking institution 金融机构Banking sector 银行部门Intermediary bank 中介银行Development bank 开发银行Commercial bank 商业银行Investment bank 投资银行Credit bank 信贷银行Cooperative bank 合作银行Mortgage bank 抵押银行Clearing bank 清算银行Credit union 信用社Non-bank financial institution 非银行金融机构Financing corporation 金融公司Securities company 证券公司Underwriting company 担保公司Loan and trust company 信托公司Insurance company 保险公司Life insurance company 人寿保险公司Utility company 公共事业公司MERGER AND ACQUISITION 兼并与收购Reorganization 重组Association 联合Merger 兼并Acquisition 收购Joint stock partnership 股份合作Leasing 出租Contract operation 承包经营Auction 拍卖Develop trans-regional and trans-industry enterprise groups 发展跨地区跨行业的企业集团Strategic acquisition 战略性收购Combination of enterprise 企业合并Concentric acquisition 集中收购Conglomerate merger 集团企业合并Consolidation by lease 租赁式合并Consolidation by merger 兼并式合并Leveraged buy-out (LBO’s) 杠杆收购Stock merger 股票兼并V ertical acquisition 纵向收购V ertical merger 纵向兼并V ertical consolidation 纵向合并V ertical integration 纵向合并Horizontal merger 横向兼并Horizontal acquisition 横向收购Horizontal combination 横向合并，同行业合并Horizontal integration 横向联合Acquisition cost 收购成本Acquiring enterprise 收购方企业Corporate reorganization 公司重组Bankruptcy Law 破产法Bankruptcy code chapter 7--- liquidation 破产法第七章清算Bankruptcy code 11 --- reorganization 破产法第十一章重组Act of bankruptcy 破产法案Antitrust Law 反托拉斯法Bankruptcy court 破产法庭Bankruptcy debtor 破产债务人Bankruptcy notice 破产公告Bankruptcy petition 要求宣布破产Declaration of bankruptcy 宣告破产Arrangement in bankruptcy court 破产法庭内的协调Arrangement out of bankruptcy court 不经破产法庭的协调Creditor’s equity 债权人权益Bankruptcy trustee 破产受托人Creditor’s meeting 债权人会议Creditor of bankruptcy 破产债权人MARKET AND COMPETITION 市场和竟争Commodity market 商品市场Securities market 证券市场Bond market 债券市场Stock market 股票市场Futures market 期货市场Options market 期权市场Property rights market 产权市场Capital market 资本市场Free market 自由市场Labour market 劳动力市场Flea market 跳蚤市场Bear market 股票市场的熊市Bull market 股票市场的牛市Market competition 市场竟争Market development 市场开发Market forecast 市场预测Market potential 市场潜力Market risk 市场风险Market share 市场份额Seller’s market 卖方市场Buyer’s market 买方市场Market abroad 海外市场Marketability 市场能力Marketable 销路好的Marketing channel 销售渠道Marketing strategy 销售战略Competition market 竟争市场Perfect competition 完全竟争Imperfect competition 不完全竟争Low-level competition 低水平竟争Monopolistic competition 垄断竟争Competitor 竟争对手Natural monopoly 自然垄断International monopoly 国际垄断Market 市场bear market 股票市场的熊市bond market 证券市场bull market 股票市场的牛市capital market 资本市场emerging market economic 新兴市场经济majority market economic 成熟市场经济market abroad 海外市场market analysis 市场分析market approach to fair market value 求得公平市场价值的市场法market competition 市场竟争market demand price 市场需求价格market development 市场开发market economy country 市场经济国家market factor 市场因素market forecast 市场预测market index 市场指数market information 市场信息market investigation 市场调查market potential 市场潜力market quotation 市场行情market replacement cost 市场重置成本market research 市场调查，市场研究market risk 市场风险market share 市场份额，市场占有率market value method 市价法market-oriented 面向市场的market-to-cost method 市价成本法property right market 产权市场seller’s market 卖方市场social market economy 社会主义市场经济stock market 股票市场Marketing 营销，市场销售marketing channel 销售渠道，市场渠道marketing cost 销售成本marketing manager 市场销售经理markrting strategy 市场经营战略marketing system 市场体系relationship marketing 关系营销Asset, Liability And Equity 资产,负债和权益Asset management 资产管理Tangible assets 有形资产Intangible assets 无形资产Physical assets 实物资产Fixed assets 固定资产Current assets 流动资产Current asset losses in suspense 待处理流动资产损失Deferred assets 递延资产Other assets 其它资产Total assets 总资产Net assets 净资产Book value of the assets 资产的账面值Non-ledger assets 帐外资产Asset account 资产账户Asset disposal 资产处置Asset depreciation 资产折旧Asset inventory shorts 资产盘亏Asset inventory surplus 资产盘盈Asset retirement 资产报废Asset revaluation 资产重估Capital assets 资本资产Monetary assets 金融资产Mortgage assets 抵押资产Long-term assets 长期资产Liability 负债Liability account 负债账户Direct liability 直接负债Current liability 流动负债Liability out of book 账外负债Long-term liability 长期负债Book debt 账面负债Asset liability ratio 资产负债比Owner’s equity 所有者权益Equity account 权益账户Stockholders’equity 股东权益Preferred stock equity 优先股权益Cumulative preferred stock 积累优先股Non-cumulative preferred stock 非积累优先股Convertible preferred stock 可转换优先股Participating preferred stock 参加优先股Non-Participating preferred stock 非参加优先股Callable preferred stock 可赎回优先股Common stock equity 普通股权益Total equity 权益总额企业评价指标Assets Liabilities Ratio 资产负债率Quick Ratio 速动比率Current Ratio 流动比率P/E ratio 市盈率Current Liabilities to Net Worth 流动负债比净资产Total Liabilities to Net Worth 总负债比净资产Fixed Assets to Net Worth 固定资产比净资产Inventory Turnover Ratio 存货Assets to SalesSales to Net Working Capital 销售收入比流动资金净值Accounts Payable to Sales 应付帐款比销售收入Return on Sales(profit Margin)Return on Assets 资产收益率Return on Total Assets 总资产收益率Return on Shareholder’s Equity 股东权益收益率Return on Investment 投资收益Return on Net Worth(Return on Equity) 净资产收益率收益表INCOME STA TEMENT销售收入Sales Revenue减：销售折扣与折让Deduct: Sales Discount & Allowance销售收入净值Net Sales Revenue减：销售税金Deduct: Tax on Sales销售成本Coat of Sales销售毛利Gross Profit from Sales减：管理费用Deduct: Administration Expenses财务费用Financial Expenses销售利润Profit from Sales加：其它业务利润Plus: Profit from Other Operations营业利润Operating Profits加：投资收益Plus: Investment Income营业外净收入Non-Operating Revenue以前年度利润调整Adjustment of Earning of Prior Y ears利润总额Total Profits(Before Tax)减：所得税Deduct: Income Tax净利润Net Profits合并资产负债表CONSOLIDA TED BALANCE SHEET资产Assets流动资产Current Assets长期应收帐款Long-term Receivable长期投资Long-term Investment固定资产Fixed Assets 原值Original Coat减：累计折旧Deduct: AccumulatedDepreciation净值Net Worth在建工程Construction in-progress其它资产Other Assets资产总额Total Assets负债和权益Liabilities & Equity负债Liabilities流动负债Current Liabilities长期负债Long-term Liabilities负债合计Total Liabilities少数股东权益Minority Interests权益Equity实收资本Paid-in Capital资本公积Capital surplus保留盈利Retained Earnings权益合计Total Equity负债和权益总额Total Liabilities & Equity BALANCE SHEET 资产负债表ASSETS 资产Cash and Equivalents 现金和视同现金Accounts Receivable 应收帐款Inventories 存货Other Current Assets 其它流动资产Total Current Assets 流动资产总计Gross Prop.,Plant & Equip. 财产，场房和设备原值Accumulated Depreciation 累计折旧Net property, Plant & Equip. 财产，场房和设备净值Other Assets 其它资产Total Assets 总资产LIABILITIES & EQUITY负债和权益Debt in Current Liabilities 流动负债Accounts Payable 应付帐款Income Taxes Payable 应付所得税Other Current Liabilities 其它流动负债long-term Debt 长期负债Deferred Taxes 递延税金Other Liabilities 其它负债Minority Interest 少数股东权益Total Liabilities 总负债Preferred Stock Equity 优先股权益Common Stock Equity 普通股权益Total Stockholders’Equity 股东权益总计Total Liabilities and Equity 负债权益总计Economic经济的economic analysis 经济分析economic and technical development zone 经济技术开发区economic base 经济基础economic community 经济共同体economic cooperation zone 经济协作区economic crisis 经济危机economic cycle 经济周期economic depression 经济萧条economic efficiency 经济效益economic entity 经济实体economic forecast 经济预测economic foundation 经济基础economic growth rate 经济增长率economic integration 经济一体化economic miracle 经济奇迹economic order 经济秩序economic policy 经济政策economic potential 经济潜力economic prospect 经济展望economic recovery 经济复苏economic sanctions 经济制裁economic situation 经济形势economic system 经济体制，经济制度economic value 经济价值East Asia Economic Rim 东亚经济圈Economics 经济学economics of industry 工业经济学economics of management 管理经济学economics of scale 规模经济学Economy 经济closed economy 闭关自守经济commodity economy 商品经济economy measure 经济手段economies of scale 规模经济market economy 市场经济mixed economy 混合经济planned economy 计划经济Enterprise企业Entrepreneur 企业家Enterpreneurial 企业家的enterpreneurial courage 企业家的胆略enterpreneurial spirit 企业家精神Enterprise 企业backbone enterprise 骨干企业central enterprises 中央企业collectively-owned enterprises 集体企业combined enterprise 联合企业enterprise accounting 企业会计enterprise development fund 企业发展基金enterprise law 企业法enterprises’management mechanisms 企业管理机制foreign-funded enterprises 外资企业large and medium-size enterprises 大中型企业local enterprises 地方企业modern enterprise system 现代企业制度money-lossing enterprises 亏损企业state-owned enterprises 国有企业township enterprises 乡镇企业Accountant会计师Certified Public Accountant (CPA) 注册会计师chief accountant 总会计师cost accountant 成本会计certified management accountant (CMA) 注册管理会计师certified public accountant (CPA) 注册会计师Accounting会计，会计学accounting classification 会计科目分类accounting cycle 会计周期accounting equation 会计方程式accounting firm 会计事务所accounting information 会计信息accounting principles for business enterprise 企业会计原则accounting statement 会计报表accounting system 会计系统accounting year 会计年度accrual basis accounting 权责发生制会计方法记帐cash basis accounting 现金会计方法记帐All-purpose financial statement 通用财务报表American Institute of Certified Public Accountants 美国注册会计师协会（AICPA) certified copy 正式核准的副本certified financial statement 经会计师证明的财务报表certified invoice 证实发票certified management accountant (CMA) 注册管理会计师certified public accountant (CPA) 注册会计师annual accounting 年度决算annual audit 年度审计annual balance sheet 年终决算表annual budget 年度预算annual financial report 年度财务报告annual summary 年度汇总表summary balance sheet 资产负债汇总表Audit审计annual audit 年度审计audit certificate 审计证书Audit Law 审计法audit of financial statement 财务报表审计external audit 外部审计legally required audit 法定审计Auditing firm 审计公司Auditor 审计师Account帐户，会计科目accounting classification 会计科目分类account balance 帐户余额account payable 应付帐款account receivable 应收帐款accumulation account 累积帐户assets account 资产帐户bank account 银行帐户capital account 资本帐户cash account 现金帐户checking account 支票帐户clearing account 清算帐户，结算帐户commission account 佣金帐户cost account 成本帐户deposit account 存款帐户doubtful account 可疑帐户equity account 股本帐户expenses account 开支帐户foreign currency account 外汇帐户frozen account 冻结帐户group account 集团帐户inventory account 存货帐户investment account 投资帐户journal account 日记帐ledger account 分类帐帐户liability account 负债帐户overdrawn account 透支帐户property account 财产帐户savings account 储蓄帐户accrued expenses payable 应计未付费用accrued income 应计收入accrued interest on bonds 应计债券利息accrued interest on investment 应计投资利息accured interest patable 应计未付利息accrued liability 应计负债accrued profit 应计利润accrued taxes 应计税款accumulated amount 累计额accumulated earnings 累计收益accumulated funds 公积金accumulated net income 累计净收益accumulated profit 累计利润accumulating capital 累计资本accumulating losses 累计损失Acid ratio 流动比率actual assets 实际资产actual cash value 实际现金价值actual capital 实际资本actual cost 实际成本actual depreciation 实际折旧actual value 实际价值Adjusted 调整后的adjusted acquisition cost 调整后购置成本adjusted base 调整后基数adjusted book balance 调整后的帐面余额adjusted gross income 调整后的净收入adjusted net profit 调整后的净利润Adjustment 调整adjustment account 调整帐户Advance 预付advance account 预付帐户advance charge 预付费用advance payment 预先付款advance received 暂收款Allocated cost 已分摊成本Allocated cost of fixed assts 固定资产折旧Allocation 分配，分摊allocation of market 市场分配allocation of purchase price 购置价格分摊（指成套设备）allocation of quota 配额分配allocation of resources 资源分配allocation of shares 股金分配allocation optimum 最优配置allocations to accounting periods 会计期间内的分摊Allotment 拨款Amendment 修改amendment of register 变更登记American Society of Appraisers (ASA) 美国评估师协会Amortization 摊销，摊还amortization fund 偿债基金amortization of bond issued expense 债券发行费摊销amortization of fixed asset 固定资产摊销amortization of loan 分期偿还贷款amortization schedule 摊销表Amount 数量，总额，合计amount guaranteed 担保额amount of investment 投资额amount of sales 销售额financial statement analysis财务报表分析analysis of assets changes 资产变动分析analysis of balance sheet 资产负债表分析balance sheet evaluation 资产负债表评价analysis of business profit 企业利润分析analysis of capital changes 资本变动分析analysis of changes in financial position 财务状况变动分析balance sheet 资产负债表balance sheet audit 资产负债表审计balance sheet classification 资产负债表分类certified financial statement 经会计师证明的财务报表classified balance sheet 分类资产负债表current account balance sheet 流动资产负债表current account balance sheet 流动资产负债表analysis of variance 方差分析gross profit analysis 毛利分析investment analysis 投资分析market analysis 市场分析macro analysis 微观分析qualitative analysis 定性分析quantitative analysis 定量分析ratio analysis 比率分析return analysis 回报分析sales analysis 销售分析Analytical model 分析模型bad account 坏帐，呆帐bad debt loss 坏帐损失bad debt recovey 呆坏帐收回bad title 失效产权Balance 余额，结余，差额，平衡adverse balance 收支逆差balance budget 平衡预算balance of international trade 国际贸易差额balance of payment 国际收支closing balance 期末差额credit balance 贷方余额foreign currency balance 外汇余额keep balance 保持平衡loss balance 失去平衡negative balance 逆差retained balance from foreign exchange revenue 外汇收入留成余额book depreciation 帐面折旧book-entry securities 记帐证券book inventory 帐面库存book of account 帐簿book profit 帐面利润book value per share 每股帐面价值Cash 现金cash account 现金帐户cash assets 现金资本cash audit 现金审计cash balance 现金余额cash equivalent 视同库存现金cash flow analysis 现金流量分析cash in bank 银行现金cash in hold 库存现金cash payment 现金支付cash purchase 现金购买cash transaction 现金交易free cash flows 活动现金流Certified 注册的，合格的certified appraiser 注册评估师certified copy 正式核准的副本certified financial statement 经会计师证明的财务报表certified invoice 证实发票certified mortgage 证实抵押finance charges 财务费用Classification 分类，科目classification item 分类项目classification of accounts 帐户分类classification of assets 资产分类classification of property 财产分类classification schemes 分类表Classified 分成类的classified balance sheet 分类资产负债表classified depreciation 分类折旧coding of account 帐户代码coding of assets 资产代码Closing 结算，结帐，收盘closing account 结帐，结算closing cost 成交价closing inventory 期末存货Consolidated 合并的，综合的consolidated balance sheet 合并资产负债表consolidated financial statement 合并决算表consolidated income statement 合并损益表，综合损益表consolidated profit and loss statement 汇总损益表consolidated retained earning 合并留存收益consolidated statement 汇总报表Cost 成本，费用acquisition cost 购置成本actual cost 实际成本anticipated cost method 预期成本法average cost 平均成本borrowing- cost 借债成本carrying cost 维持成本cost account 成本帐户cost accounting 成本会计cost allocation 成本分摊cost analysis 成本分析cost and benefit analysis 成本收益分析cost approach to fair market value 求得公平市场价值的成本法cost control 成本控制cost distribution 成本分摊cost free 免费cost method 成本法cost objective 成本目标cost of capital 资金成本cost of investment 投资成本cost of management 管理费cost of marketing 营销成本cost of replacement 重置成本法cost of reproduction less depreciation 重置成本减折旧cost of sales 销售成本cost-benefit analysis 成本收益分析cost-effectiveness 成本效益cost-of-living index 生活费指数cost plus 成本加价indirect cost 间接成本marginal cost 边际成本material cost 材料成本opportunity cost 机会成本ordering cost 订货成本sunk costs 沉没成本variable costs 变动成本。

（完整版）常见翻译词汇（专题篇）

（完整版）常见翻译词汇（专题篇）六级翻译词汇经济篇:宏观经济macro economy社会主义市场经济socialist market economy知识经济knowledge economy网络经济Internet-based economy经济规律law of economy大规模生产mass production生产力productive forces生产关系relations of production公有制public ownership私有制private ownership国有企业state-owned enterprises (SOEs)私营企业private bus in ess民营企业privately-r un bus in ess中小企业small and medium enterprises (SMEs) 连锁企业fran chise / cha in bus in ess 国民生产总值Gross National Product (GNP) 国内生产总值Gross Domestic Product (GDP)实际增长率growth rate in real terms年均增长率average growth rate per annum可持续增长susta in able growth经济效益economic returns投资回报率rate of return on investment衰退recession宏观调控macro control提高经济效益enhance economic performanee扭亏为盈turn a loss-mak ing bus in ess into a profitable one 优化经济结构optimize economic structure扩大内需expa nd domestic dema nd国计民生national interest and people ' s livelihood 经济特区special economic zones十二五规划“the 12th FiveYear Plan for Nationaland Econo mic and Social Developme nt风险投资venture investment经济繁荣economic boom发达国家developed countries不发达国家underdeveloped countries发展中国家developing countries经济交流economic exchange跨国公司mult in ati onal corporati on利用外资utilization of foreign capital知识产权intellectual property rights版权copyright专禾U pate nt商标trademark互通有无mutual exchange of needed products法治rule of law平等互禾U equality and mutual ben efit电子商务e-bus in ess信用卡credit card信息时代information age科教兴国rejuvenate the country through scienee and educati on研究开发research and development高新技术inno vative and high tech no logy 创新innovation 尖端科技state-of-the-art tech no logy 普及率popularizing rate 六级翻译高频词汇之社会篇小康社会a well-to-do society人民生活people ' s livelihood生活水平living standards生活质量quality of life住房条件housing conditions文化程度educati on al level就业率employment rate人均收入average in come per capita年平均工资average annual pay奖金bonus生活费用cost of living消费价格指数consumer price index环境污染指数environment pollution index衣食住行food, clothing, sheltering and means of traveli ng 购买力purchasing power 贫困家庭the needy family 贫困地区poverty-stricken region 下岗be laid off 小康relative affluenee 安居乐业live a good life 共同富裕shared prosperity 社会保险social in sura nee 助学金grant-in-aid 人口population 人口分布population distribution 流动人口transient population 城市人口urban population 农业人口agriculture population出生率birth rate自然增长率natural growth rate负增长率negative growth rate普查census户口册household register计划生育family planning优生优育en sure good pren atal and post natal care自治区autonomous region民族ethnic groups。

经济类英语专业词汇汇总

经济类英语专业词汇汇总常用经济类词汇：economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods 资本货物reserve 预备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds 资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,预备金reserve fund 预备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给bank 银行current account 经常帐户(美作:checking account)current-account holder 支票帐户(美作:checking-account holder) cheque 支票(美作:check)bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook) endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币(美作:bill)to pay (in) cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币exchange rate 汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率free exchange rates 自由汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃securities business 证券市场stock exchange 股票市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange 证券交易所,股票交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 股票投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 股票经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行股票par value 股面价格, 票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull 盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街short term loan 短期贷款long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴cost 成本,费用expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overhead costs 营业间接成本overheads 杂项开支,间接成本operating costs 生产费用,营业成本operating expenses 营业费用running expenses 日常费用,经营费用miscellaneous costs 杂项费用overhead expenses 间接费用,治理费用upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用,养护费用transport costs 运输费用social charges 社会负担费用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用apportionment of expenses 分摊费用income 收入,收益earnings 利润,收益gross income, gross earnings 总收入,总收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额net income 纯收益,净收入,收益净额average income 平均收入national income 国民收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率yield 产量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值duty 税taxation system 税制taxation 征税,纳税fiscal charges 财务税收progressive taxation 累进税制graduated tax 累进税value added tax 增值税income tax 所得税land tax 地租,地价税excise tax 特许权税basis of assessment 估税标准taxable income 须纳税的收入fiscality 检查tax-free 免税的tax exemption 免税taxpayer 纳税人tax collector 收税员国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product)人均国民生产总值per capita GNP产值output value鼓励give incentive to投入input宏观控制exercise macro-control优化经济结构optimize the economic structure 输入活力bring vigor into改善经济环境improve economic environment 整顿经济秩序rectify economic order有效地控制通货膨胀effectively control inflation 非公有成分non-public sectors主要成分dominant sector实在的tangible全体会议plenary session解放生产力liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces 引入歧途lead one to a blind alley举措move实事求是seek truth from facts引进、输入importation和平演变peaceful evolution试一下have a go (at sth.)精华、精粹、实质quintessence家庭联产责任承包制family-contract responsibility system搞活企业invigorate enterprises商品经济commodity economy基石cornerstone零售retail发电量electric energy production有色金属nonferrous metals人均收入per capita income使负担be saddled with营业发达的公司going concerns被兼并或挤掉annexed or forced out of business善于接受的receptive增额、增值、增长increment发展过快excessive growth抽样调查data from the sample survey扣除物价上涨部分price increase are deducted(excluded) 实际增长率actual growth rate国际收支international balance of payments流通制度circulation system总工资total wages分配形式forms of distribution风险资金risk funds治理不善poor management农业farming林业forestry畜牧业animal husbandry副业sideline production渔业fishing第一产业primary industry第二产业secondary industry第三产业tertiary industry生产资料means of production生活资料means of livelihood/subsistence生产关系relations of production生产力productive forces公有制public ownership私有制private ownership全民所有制ownership by the entire/whole people社会主义集体所有制socialist collective ownership厉行节约，反对浪费to practice strict economy and combat waste 外资企业foreign-funded enterprise合资企业joint venture合作企业cooperative enterprise独资企业wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points资本主义和社会主义并不是以计划经济和市场的多少来划分的。

英语中常见的商务和经济词汇有哪些

英语中常见的商务和经济词汇有哪些？
英语世界中有许多常见的商务和经济词汇，涵盖了各个领域和行业。

以下是一些常见的示例：
1. 供应链（Supply Chain）：指涉及产品或服务从原材料供应商到最终消费者的所有环节和流程。

2. 市场营销（Marketing）：指通过各种营销活动和策略来推广和销售产品或服务的过程。

3. 投资（Investment）：指将资金投入到股票、债券、房地产等资产中以获取回报的行为。

4. 股票（Stocks）：指公司发行的股份，代表股东在公司中的所有权和利益。

5. 利润（Profit）：指企业或个人在销售产品或服务后，扣除成本和费用后所获得的剩余金额。

6. 市场份额（Market Share）：指企业在特定市场中所占的销售额或销售量的比例。

7. 经济增长（Economic Growth）：指国家或地区经济总产出在一段时间内的增加。

8. 通货膨胀（Inflation）：指货币供应量增加导致物价普遍上涨的现象。

9. 贸易（Trade）：指国家或地区之间买卖商品和服务的交换活动。

10. 企业战略（Corporate Strategy）：指企业在长期发展中制定的目标和计划，以实现竞争优势和增长。

这些只是一些常见的英语世界的商务和经济词汇示例，每个领域和行业都有独特的专业术语和词汇。

了解和掌握这些商务和经济词汇是提高英语水平和深入了解商业世界的重要一环。

MBA翻译重点词

MBA翻译重点词汇总结1经济类：按时付款honor a payment in due time补偿贸易compensation trade尝试性订购trial / try-out order撤消资本折旧率deregulation of capital depreciation rates出口创汇能力capacity to earn foreign exchange through exports出口加工区export processing zones到岸加佣金价Cost , Insurance , Freight and Commission (C.I.F.C.) 全额退款 a full refund底盘floor offer定金down payment独家经销代理exclusive selling agency独立核算工业企业independent accounting unit (enterprise)对外商投资实行国民待遇grant national treatment to foreign investors分享权利与义务share rights and obligations取得丰厚的经济回报yield fat economic returns付款方式way of payment关税壁垒customs barrier ; tariff wall管理知识managerial expertise宏观经贸macroeconomics and trade互补互惠的合作关系complementary and mutual beneficial partnership 回佣return commission季节性折扣seasonal discount建立业务关系enter into business relations with进出口商会chamber of import and export trade进出口商品交易会Import and Export Commodities Fair进口渗透import penetration吸引外商直接投资attract foreign direct investment经营范围line / scope of business净利润net profit开/收盘价 opening / closing price可兑换货币convertible currency库存有限limited stock离岸加运费价Cost and Freight (C&F)加岸价Free On Board (F.O.B.)利润分配distribution in profits share零售价retail price批发价wholesale price贸易索赔business claim目的港船边交货价Free Over Side (F.O.S.)潜在市场potential market三资企业three kinds of foreign-invested enterprises or ventures 中外合资Sino-foreign joint ventures中外合作Sino-foreign cooperative businesses外商独资exclusively foreign-owned enterprises商业界business community实/虚盘 firm/non-firm offer实施市场多元化战略implement the strategy of market diversification使之受到法律和经济手段的制约get it under both legal and economic control受同一种规章制度的制约be subject to the same regulations or constraints 双边贸易 bilateral trade双赢战略 win-win strategy随行就市 be subject to market fluctuation缩小沿海地区与中西部地区的经济差距narrow the economic disparities between the coastal regions and the central and w estern provinces讨价还价bargain投资比重share of investment投资热the rising investment fever投资意向an investment proposal违约breach of the contract / agreement现/期货价 spot / forward price现货spot goods现金结算 cash settlement信用证结算 payment by letter of credit (L/C)形成一批有势力的跨国公司和知名品牌bring about a number of srtong multionational enterprises and brand names续约 extend the contract索赔 claim for a compensation稳妥的速度和规模 (at) a moderate rate and a safe scale易货贸易 barter trade有利可图 profitable / lucrative诱人的投资政策 attractive investment policies招标投标制 the system of public bidding for projects招商引资 attract / bid for / invite investments (from overseas )鉴于实际情况 in consideration of the actual conditions装运港船边交货价 Free Alongside Ship (F.A.S.)最大程度发挥双方优势 maximize the strengths of both parties经济组织Economic Organizations国际商会 International Chamber of Commerce国际海洋运输保险协会 International Union of Marine Insurance花旗银行 National City Bank of New York欧洲投资银行 European Intestment Bank (EIB)米兰银行 Midland Bank,Ltd.汇丰银行 Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation经济合作与开发组织 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (D ECD)美中贸易全国理事会 National Council for US-China Trade日中经济协会 Japan-China Economic Association日本协力银行 Japan Bank For International Cooperation (JBIC)英国国际贸易促进委员会 British Countil for the Promotion of International Trade纽约证券交易所 New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)伦敦股票市场 London Stock Market欧洲经济共同体 European Economic Community (EEC) ; European Common M arket欧洲自由贸易联盟 European Free Trade Association (EFTA)欧洲集团 Eurogroup加勒比共同市场（加勒比自由贸易联盟）Caribbean Common Market (CCM)石油输出国组织 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)英联邦特惠区 Commonwealth Preference Area中国人民银行People’s Bank of China中国银行 Bank of China国际复兴开发银行 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBR D)世界银行 World Bank欧洲经济与货币同盟 European Economic and Monetary Union国际结算银行 Bank for International Settlements (BIS)中国国际贸易促进委员会 China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CC PIT)亚太经济合作组织Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)APEC工商咨询理事会 APEC Business Advisory Council便利化，责任性，一致性，透明性和简单化facilitation , accountability , consistency , transparency and simplification单边行动计划 individual action plan地区能源合作工作组 Regional Energy Cooperation Working Group电子数据交换 electronic date interchange (EDI)东盟自由贸易区 ASEAN Free Trade Area东南亚国家联盟 Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN)非关税措施 non-tariff measures海洋资源保护 marine resource conservation集体行动计划 collective action plans加速关税自由化 accelerated tariff liberalization可持续发展经济区域性一体化regional integration for sustainable economies劳动和社会保障 labor and social protection劳动市场信息 labor market information贸易促进工作组 Trade Promotion Working Group贸易投资委员会 Committee on Trade and Investment贸易投资自由化和便利化 trade and investment liberalization and facilitation名人小组 Eminent Persons Group平等互利，协商一致，求同存异，自主自愿equality and mutual benefit , reaching consensus through consultation , seeking co mmon grounds while putting aside differences , initiative and free will南太平洋地区经济贸易合作协定South Pacific Regional Trade Economic Cooperation Agreement人口和经济持续增长对粮食，能源，和环境的冲击impact of expanding population and economic growth on food , energy and the env ironment人力资源开发human resources development太平洋经济合作理事会Pacific Economic Cooperation Council投资专家组 Investment Exp erts’ Group互相承认 mutual recognition协调的单边行动 concerted unilateral action信息技术协定 Information Technology Agreement行政和预算委员会 Budget and Administrative Committee亚太工商网 Asia-Pacific Business Network亚太经合组织部长会议 APEC Ministerial Meeting亚太经合组织工商咨询理事会会议APEC Business Advisory Council Meeting亚太经合组织经济领导人会议APEC Economic Leaders Meeting亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议Informal Meeting of APEC Leaders亚太经合组织商业论坛 APEC Business Forum亚太经济社会理事会 Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific Regio n亚太旅游协会 Pacific Asia Travel Association亚太能源中心 Asia-Pacific Energy Research Center亚太中小型企业技术交流与培训中心APEC Center for Technology and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises与贸易有关的知识产权协定Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property争端调解专家组Dispute Mediation Experts’ Group政府采购 government procurement世界贸易组织World Trade Organization (WTO)《北美自由贸易协定》 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)北美自由贸易区 North American Free Trade Area布雷顿森林体系 Bretton Woods System常设机构 standing body垂直兼并 vertical merger东部和南部非洲共同市场 Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMES A)反倾销措施 anti-dumping measures反补贴税 countervailing duty交叉报复 cross retaliation海关完税价值 customs values环保型技术 environmentally-sound technology (EST)出口实绩 export performance出口补贴 export subsidy灰色区域措施 gray area measuresWTO最不发达国家高级别会议WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs非配额产品 quota-free products非生产性投资 investment in non-productive projects风险管理/评估risk management / assessment国际收支平衡 balance of international payments非洲，加勒比和太平洋国家集团（洛美协定）African , Caribbean and Pacific Group (ACP)上诉机构 appeal body基础税率 base tariff level国际收支条款 Balance-of-payments (BOP) Provisions既定日程 built-in agenda约束水平 bound level（欧盟）共同农业政策 Common Agriculture Pulicy规避 circumvention关贸总协定 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)乌拉圭回合 Uruguay Round永久正常贸易关系 permanent normal trade relation (PNTR)国际清算 international settlement横向兼并 horizontal merger进口环节税 import linkage tax进口许可 import licensing垃圾融资 junk financing慢性萧条 chronic depression贸易和投资自由化和便利化trade and investment liberalization and facilitation (TILF) 全球配额 global quota弱势群体 disadvantaged group市场准入的行政管理措施 Administrative Aspects of Market Access (AAMA)生产补贴 production subsidy消费膨胀 inflated consumption协调制度（商品名称及编码协调制度）Harmonized System (Harmonized Commodity and Coding System )争端解决机构 dispute settlement body《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DS U)诸边协议 plurilateral agreement祖父条款 grandfather clause最初谈判权 Initial Negotiating Rights (INRs)保护主义 protectionism闭关自守 closed door policy畅通工程 Smooth Traffic Project初级成分 primary sector粗放式管理 extensive management从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy盗用公款 embezzlement地方财政包干制 system whereby local authorities take full responsibility for the ir finances地区差异 regional disparity短平快项目 a project yielding quick returns with a relatively low investment 短线产品 products in shorts supply二元经济 dual economy发展不平衡 disparate development发展民族经济 develop the national economy发展是硬道理 Development is of overriding importance ./ Development is the absolute need翻两番 quadruple放宽经营条件限制 relax business restrictions扶贫 helping the poor改善投资环境 improve the investment environment工商局 industrial and commercial administration公共部门；公共成分 public sector关税总水平 general tariff level管制经济 controlled economy规模经济 economy of scale国产化率import substitution rate ; localization rate of parts and componen ts国际商业社会 the global business community国家粮食库存the state grain reserves国民生产总值gross national product (GNP)国内生产总值gorss domestic product (GDP)合理引导消费guide rational consumption宏观调控macro-control混合经济mixed economy基本国情fundamental realities of the country积极的财政政策proactive fiscal policy集体经济collective economy集中精力把经济建设搞上去go all out for economic development计划经济planned economy计划调节regulation through state planning讲诚信，反欺诈honor credibility and oppose cheating解放生产力emancipate the productive forces经济波动economic fluctuation经济复苏economic recovery经济杠杆economic levers经济平衡economic balance经济趋势economic trend经济渠道economic channels经济全球化economic globalization经济失调指数misery index经济衰退economic depression经济腾飞economic take-off /boom(有)经济头脑的人 commercially minded (people); (people with) business sense 控股公司holding company拉动经济增长fuel economic growth理顺straightening out家庭联产承包责任制the household contract responsibility system停职留薪retain the job but suspend the salary乱收费，乱摊派，乱罚款arbitary charges , fund-raising quotas and fines配套政策supporting policies贫富悬殊polarization of rich and poor求得公平合理的解决seek a fair and reasonable solution三步走战略the three-step development strategy社会热点问题hot spots of society涉外经济foreign-related business实体经济the real economy实现零的突破achieve the zero breakthrough实用，有效，廉价，方便practical ,efficient , economical and convenient for use市政当局municipality适度从紧的财政政策moderately tight fiscal policy私营成分，私营部门private sector停滞；萧条 stagnation通货紧缩deflation (of currency )统筹安排comprehensive arrangement统一市场single market托管制度trusteeship网络经济cybereconomy伪劣商品赔还法lemon law温饱工程project for adequate food and clothing效益农业profitable agriculture新兴经济emerging economies养老金pension以经济建设为中心focusing on the central task of economic construction以质量求生存，求发展，求效益strive for survival , development and efficiency on the basis of quality优化结构和提高效益 optimized structure and better economic returns优税待遇 preferential taxation treatment有中国特色的社会主义市场经济体制socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics与国际市场接轨 integrate with the world market ; become integrated into the global market中国经济景气检测中心 China Economic Monitoring Center中国新经济峰会 China New Economy Summit主体经济 the mainstay of the economy专属经济区 exclusive economic zone追赶型和跨越式发展 pursuant and leap-forward development资源配置 the distribution / allocation of resources自由经济 liberal economy政治经济学 political economy官方表述Official Statements社会秩序良好，人民安居乐业People will enjoy a sound public order and live and work in peace and contentmen t深化分配制度改革，健全社会保障体系deepen the reform of the income distribution system and improve the social securit y system失业保险制度和城市居民最低生活保障制度the systems of unemployment insurance and subsistence allowances for urban resi dents同经济发展水平相适应的社会保障体系a social security system compatible with the level of economic development国民经济National Economy按劳分配distribution according to one’s performance摆脱贫穷和落后shaking off poverty and backwardness保持国民经济持续，快速，健康发展maintain sustained , rapid and sound development of the national economy保持国民经济发展的良好势头maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy边际报酬 marginal return变相涨价 disguised price hikes不正之风 bad/harmful practice ; unhealthy tendency财政经济状况 financial and economic conditions财政收支平衡 fiscal balance（产品）分销 sub-underwriting ; distribution草根农业 grass-roots industry产粮大省 granary province朝阳产业 sunrise industry传销 multi-level marketing ;pyramid selling打假 crack down on counterfeit goods弹性工资 flexible pay等外品 off-grade goods ; rejects第一产业 primary industury第二产业 secondary industry第三产业 tertiary industry恶性通货膨胀 hyperinflation恶性循环 vicious circle二次创业 start a new undertaking浮动工资 floating wages ; fluctuating wages高科技板块 high-tech sector根本好转 fundamental turn for the better工薪阶层 salariat ; state employee ; salaried person公司分立与解散 separation and dissolution of a company国家利益 interest of the state红包（中）red envelope containing money as a gift ; (贬) bribe ; kickb ack积压产品 overstocked commodities / inventories技术产权交易所 technology equity market ; technology property right exchang e技术下乡 spread technological knowledge to farmers加班 work extra shifts ; work overtime家族企业 family firm假日经济 holiday firm尖端产品 highly sophisticated products解困基金 anti-poverty funds进口减免税 import tax exemptions and reduction精品 competitive products敬业精神 professional dedication ; professional ethics连带责任 joint liability良性循环 virtuous circle劣等品 shoddy goods ; substandard goods ; lemon (口语)冒充包装 copycat packaging耐用消费品 durable consumer items / goods年同比 year-on-year ; on an annual basis扭转局面 reverse the tide ; turn the table农村富余劳动力 surplus rural labor农村劳动力合理有序流动 the rational and orderly flow of rural labor皮包公司 bogus company票贩子 ticket scalper ; ticket tout瓶颈制约“bottleneck” restrictions情感消费 emotional consumption区位商业 location-based commerce全优工程 all-round excellent project拳头产品 competitive products ; knock-out products ; blockbuster商品交易所 Commodity Exchange商品条码 bar code商务所commercial counsellor’s office市场疲软 sluggish market市场准入 market access适销对路的产品 readily marketable products甩卖 clearance sale ; be on sale双边和多边经济合作 bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation跳蚤市场 flea market投资成本回收 recover investments脱贫致富 cast /shake / throw off poverty and set out on a road to prospe rity无形资产 intangible assets向钱看 mammonism ; put money above all效益工资 achievements-related wages ; wages based on benefits一级市场 primary market重复建设 duplication of similar projects转嫁负担 shifting losses to国有企业改革Reform of State-owned Enterprises (SOE)摆脱困境 be extricated from their predicament包工包料 contract for labor and materials层层转包和违法分包 multi-level contracting and illegal sub-contracting产品结构 product mix产权清晰，权责分明，政企分开，科学管理clearly established ownership , well defined power and responsibility , separation of enterprise from administration , and scientific management产销直接挂钩 directly link production with marketing产业的升级换代 upgrading of industries产业高地 industrial leading position产业关联性 production-related association产业结构优化升级 optimize and upgrade the industrial structure厂长负责制system under which the factory director assumes full responsibil ity承包经营 contract operation持续提高公司的竞争能力achieve a lasting upturn in the company’s ability to com pete初步建立现代企业制度implement a preliminary modern enterprise system促销merchandising大型企业集团large enterprise group带薪分流assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing the m to retain their original rank and benefits待岗await job assignment ; post-waiting待业job-waiting待业人口population waiting for employment地域优势geographical advantage调节经济运行regulate the operation of the economy调整产品结构readjust the product mix董事会领导leadership of the board of directors对符合条件的企业实行债转股carry out debt-to-equity swap programs in enterprises where conditions permit对外承包工程overseas contracted engineering projects防范和化解经融风险prevent and defuse financial risks分流企业富余人员redirect surplus employees of enterprises富有献身精神，积极性高涨的员工队伍a highly motivated and committed workforce改革国有资产管理体制reform the state property management system改善国有企业负债结构improve the asset-liability ratios of state-owned enterprise s高中级工程技术人员senior and intermediate-level engineers and technologists搞活企业invigorate enterprises革新重组realignment个体，私营等非公有制经济the non-public sector including selfemployed and private businesses工业产值 the industrial output公司法人责任制 the corporate legal person responsibility system公有制的多种实现形式 various forms for realizing public ownership股份合作制 joint stock-holding partnership ; the joint stock cooperative syste m股份制 the shareholding system骨干企业 key enterprise规范监事会制度 standardize the board of supervisors system规范破产 standardize bankruptcy procedures国家财政收入 total national revenue国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises国有控股企业 state holding enterprise国有资产流失 the devaluation of state assets合同管理制 the contract management system红帽子企业 red cap enterprise宏观管理体制 the macro-control system货币政策 monetary policy技术创新technological innovation家用电器产业the home electric appliances industry价格性能比price versus performance ratio兼并破产merger and bankruptcy减少对市场变化做出反应的时间shorten the response time to market changes减员增效downsizing for efficiency ; cut payroll to improve efficiency揭牌典礼an official business launch街道企业neighborhood enterprise紧密型企业集团tightly-knit groups of enterprises竞争有序orderly competition竞争择优select only the best of competing offers开工不足enterprises running under their production capacity亏损企业loss-making enterprises亏损企业脱困losing enterprises in the black again扩大内需expand domestic demand来料加工process materials supplied by clients ; accept customers’materia ls for processing劳动合同制labor contract system理顺/正确处理改革，发展，稳定的关系appropriately balance reform , development and stability流通体制the circulation system龙头 a leader内联企业enterprises with internal connections扭亏增赢reduction of loss and increase of profits培育统一开放，竞争有序的市场体系cultivate a unified and open market with orderly competition培育新的消费热点foster new consumption growth areas激励机制和约束机制incentive and restraint mechanisms企业文化corporate culture强化管理，“严”字当头 tighten up management and put strict observance above all else强化社区服务功能strengthen the function of community强强联合association between strong enterprises全面提高劳动者素质improve the overall quality of the workforce全球销售服务网络the global sales and after-sales service network融中国现代产业于世界经济主流integrate China’s modern industry with the mainstream of the world’s economy三无企业three-no-enterprises商检局Commodity Inspection Bureau商业运作business dealings深化流通体制改革deepen the reform of the distribution system生物医药产业the bioengineering and pharmaceutical industry石油化工产业the petrochemical industry实行投资主体多元化Sources of investment must be diversified时常多元化战略market diversification strategy售后服务 after-sales service树立企业良好形象 foster a good company image统筹规划，突出重点，分步实施a comprehensive plan that should focus on key areas and be carried out in a step -by-step manner投身于变化的过程中 be committed to the process of change完善法人治理结构 improve the corporate government西部大开发 the large-scale development strategy in west China下岗分流 redirect laid-off workers下海 go in for business兴建南水北调工程 build the south-to-north water diversion project虚拟经济和实体经济 virtual economy and real economy养老，失业，医疗保险金 old-age , unemployment and medical insurance premiums 一刀切 impose uniformity in all cases ; allow no flexibility一体化生产 integrated production以市场为导向 taking the market as the orientation以质取胜 implement the strategy of success through quality引入竞争机制 introduce competition mechanisms优化结构 optimize structure优化生产过程 optimize production processes优化组合 optimization grouping ; optional regrouping优势互补 take advantage o f each other’s strength再就业服务中心 re-employment service center再就业工程 re-employment programs在业人口 working population政府搭台，部门推动，企业唱戏Governments set up the stage , various departments cooperate and enterprises put in the show支柱产业 pillar industries知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive projects中心环节 the pivotal point抓大放小 invigorate large enterprises while relaxing control over small one s;focus on the restructuring of major enterprises and leave minor ones to fend for t hemselves转化机制 shift to new management mechanisms转化经营机制 change operating mechanism装备精良 state-of-the-art equipment资金技术密集型产业 capital-and-technology-intensive industries劳动密集型产业 labor-intensive industries自负盈亏 be responsible for their own profits and losses财政金融Finance保理业务factoring business保税区the low-tax , tariff-free zone ; bonded area比较完整的金融市场体系 a relatively complete financial market system变现sell off财务报告分析 analysis of financial statement财务成本 financial cost财务丑闻 accounting scandal财政法 fiscal law财政收入/支出financial revenue / expenditure财政转移支付 transfer payment from the exchequer搀水股票 water-down stocks (ordinary stocks that can be bought by perso ns inside a stock company or a business at a cost lower that their face value )筹资融资 fund and financing城乡信用社 credit cooperatives in both urban and rural areas存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits呆帐 bad loan贷款无力偿还 loan defaults地区货币集团 regional corrency blocks电子银行 e-banking电子应用系统 e-application对冲基金 hedge fund二板时常：创业板市场second board (on the country’s stock market)防范金融风险 prevent financial risks费改税 transform administrative fees into taxes分拆上市 A subsidiary company of a corporation is listed on the stock ma rket .分期付款 installment payment分税制 system of tax distribution风险管理 risk management风险投资 risk investment风险资本 venture capital封闭式基金 close-ended fund辐射全国，影响深远 radiate its profound influence across the country高增长，低通胀 high growth and low inflation公积金 public accumulation funds ; public reserve funds公司犯罪 corporate crime国际清算银行 international clearing banks国有商业银行 state-owned commercial banks国债专项资金 special fund for treasury bond核心/非核心资产core/ non-core assets汇率机制 exchange-rate regime货币化 monetization货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation货到付款 cash on delivery技术转让 technology transfer假帐 accounting fraud虚报盈利 inflate profits监视会 supervisory board结售汇制度 the system of exchange , settlement and sales 金本位 gold standard金边债券 gilt-edged bonds金降落伞 golden parachute金融电子化 computerize financial services金融重组 financial reorganization债务人持有资产 debtor-in-possession (DIP)金税工程 Golden Tax Project金银买卖市场 a bullion trading market可支配收入 disposable income客户关系管理 customer relationship management (CRM)宽限期 grace period垃圾债券 junk bond利改税 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery内部风险管理 the internal risk management内部自律控制机制 internal control system欧洲单一货币 the single European currency盘活存量资产 tap the idle assets疲软股票 soft stock骗汇，逃汇，套汇 obtain foreign currency at false pretenses , not turn over for eign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage企业资源计划 enterprise resource planning (ERP)全球金融体系 global financial architecture全天候交易 24-hour trading operations融资渠道 financing channels三角债 chain debt上市融资 seek financing by listing on the stock market设置严密的警戒线 throw a tight cordon申请破产保护 file for bankruptcy protection生产要素 essential factor of production直销 non-store selling网上银行业 online-banking在线金融 online-finance实行许可证制 implement a license system收购公司 acquiring company现金流量表 chart of cash flow首席运营官 Chief Operating Officer (COO)首席财务官 Chief Finance Officer (CFO)首席商务官 Chief Business Officer (CBO)首席技术官 Chief Technology Officer (CTO)首席信息官 Chief Information Officer (CIO)首席沟通官 Chief Government Officer (CGO)授信额度 line of credit税前/税后收入 pretax/after-tax income上市/被摘牌公司 listed / delisted company上调税申报制度 personal income declaration system顺差 trade surplus特许税 franchise tax粘现市场 discount market通存通税 the banking procedure where deposits and withdrawals are proce ssed at any branch bank统一税 flat tax ; consolidated tax偷税，骗税，逃税，抗税 tax evasion , tax fraud , and refusal to pay taxes投资信心 investor confidence财务报表 financial statement外国基准货币 the foreign base currency外汇储备 foreign exchange reserve外汇市场 a foreign exchange market外资财务公司 foreign-funded financial companies外资银行 foreign-funded banks金融交易安全 financial transaction security无息和低息贷款 loans with no or low interest物价涨幅 the margin of price rise吸收游资 absorb idle fund消费信贷 consumer credit services信贷风险 credit risk信贷支持 credit aid信用紧缩 credit crunch信用危机 credit crisis虚拟银行 virtual bank电子转帐 wire transfer延期还本付息 delayed repayment of capital and interest业绩报表 earning report金融违规行为 financial irregularities / improprieties证券交易委员会 Securities Exchange Commission (SEC)一式两联 (receipt or invoice)in duplicate营业税 turnover tax ; business tax增发长期国债 issue additional long-term treasury bonds债权转股权/债转股debt-for-equity swap帐面收益 paper profit有形资产 physical assets项目资本金制度 project fund system资产重组 recapitalize中国外汇交易中心 Chinese Foreign Exchange Trading Service中国财政赤字 state financial deficits转手贸易 switch trade（银行的）交易 transact原始股 initial offerings新股发行 initial public offerings (IPO)智力资本 intellectual capital投资回收期 investment payoff period资产保值增值 maintain and increase the value of assets ; maintenance and appreciation of assets资产负债比例管理 exercise management over the liability rate on assets资产负债表 balance sheet自由兑换 free convertibility ; be freely converible自助银行 self-service bank证券Securities保证金 margin ; collateral成分指数 component index承销商 underwriter发行人 issuer封闭式证券投资基金 closed-end securities investment fund开放式证券投资基金 open-end securities investment fund 基金托管银行 fund custodian bank散户 retail ; private investor股本 share capital ; equity capital国库券 treasury bond红利；股息 dividend货币市场 monetary market机构投资者 institutional investor建/平仓open /close a position可流通股份 negotiable share可转换债券 convertible bond控股股份 controlling shareholder蓝筹股 blue chips流通性 liquidity内幕交易 insider trading / dealing配股 allotment of shares评级机构 rating agency企业债券 corporate bond清算；结算 clearing and settlement券商 broker ; dealer认股权证 warrant融券 securities loan金融衍生产品 financial derivatives申购 subscribe市场操纵 market manipulation市值 market capitalization收购兼并 merger and acquisition信息披露 information disclosure信用交易credit trading债券bond ; debenture中介机构intermediary资本市场capital market综合指数composite index房产Real Estate按揭贷款mortgage loan拆迁计划resettlement plan地段plot都市峡谷urban canyon房产开发公司real estate developer房屋总面积gross area高层楼房high-rise buildings高密度立体城市high density vertical city公告地价government-estimated land price绿地面积greenland area ; landscaping space棚户shacks ; family that live in shacks平面设计师graphic designer期房forward delivery housing乔迁之喜Best wishes for your new home人均住房per-capita housing ; average living space商品房空置的现象the vacancy problem in commercial housing使用面积floorage ; usable floor area室内面积carpet area四合院an old siheyuan (a compound with traditional Chinese house of g rey bricks and tiles built around a courtyard )筒子楼tube-shaped apartment危旧房old and dilapidated houses物业管理real estate management。

口译经济常用词汇

经济贸易国民经济常用语中央计划经济centrally planned economy指令性经济mandatory plan网络经济Internet-based economy实证经济学positive economy外向型经济export-oriented economy实体经济the real economy规模经济economies of scale规模不经济diseconomy of scale经济规律laws of economics看不见的手the invisible hand发挥市场调节作用give play to the regulatory role of the market经济和法律的杠杆economic and legal leverages经济计划和市场调节相结合combine economic planning with market regulation 优化资源配置optimize allocations of scale规模经营优势advantage of economies of scale比较优势comparative advantage新凯恩思主义new Keynesian货币主义者monetarist供给学派supply-side economist企业集团business conglomerate全民所有制ownership by the whole people集体所有制collective ownership国有企业state-ownership enterprises(SOEs)集体企业partnership enterprises私营企业private businesses民营企业privately-run businesses中小企业small and medium enterprises(SMEs) 三资企业three forms of foreign-invested enterprises连锁企业franchise/chain businesses下游企业down-stream enterprises高附加值high added value主要经济指标major economic indicator人均国内生产总值GDP per capita工农业总产值gross output value of industry and agriculture 工业增加值industrial added value实际增长率growth rate in real terms年均增长率average growth rate per ammum可持续增长sustainable growth出口导向型增长export-led growth投资驱动增长investment-driven growth增额；增加值increment经济效益economic returns/business performance社会商品零售总额total retail sales百分点percentage point按原口径计算calculate at the base line按不变价格计算calculate at constant price按可比价格计算calculate at comparable price投资回报率rate of return on investment外贸进出口总额total foreign trade value外贸顺差foreign trade surplus逆差deficit实际利用外资foreign investment in place资金到位fully funded财政收入tax revenue国民收入national income总需求曲线aggregate demand curve总供给曲线aggregate supply curve总支出曲线aggregate expenditures curve消费价格指数consumer price index(CIP)零售价格指数retail price index(CPI)生活费用价格总指数total price index of living cost生活费用income available for living expenses扣除物价因素in real terms居民储存存款domestic savings恩格尔系数（食品开支比例）Engel coefficient基尼系数（地区差别）Gini coefficient科斯定理Coase’s theorem购买力平价法purchasing power parity(PPP)片面追求发展速度excessive pursuit of growth经济增长减速slowdown of economic growth泡沫经济bubble economy经济过热overheating of economy炒房地产热frenzied and speculative trading in the property market 三角债chain debts/interenterprise arrears结构失调structural imbalance结构性矛盾突出acute structural imbalance优化结构structural optimization供大于求oversupply供不应求short supply需求拉动的通货膨胀demand-pull inflation恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation滞胀stagflation菲律普曲线（失业与货胀）Phillips cure经济紧缩crunch不景气slump/sluggish衰退recession大萧条great depression负增长negative depression高息集资raise funds by offering high interest超前消费deficit spending收益递减diminishing returns边际效用递减diminishing marginal utility财政赤字（盈余）budget deficit(surplus)瓶颈制约bottleneck constrains双头垄断duopoly提高经济效益enhance economic performance/increase economic returns社会效益beneficial social effect充分就业full employment实现持续，稳定，协调的发展bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development培育新的经济增长点foster new sectors economic growth拉动经济增长fuel economic growth扭亏为盈turn a loss-making business into a profitable one放权让利decentralization and interest concessions深化改革intensify reform/deepen one’s commitment to reforms配套改革supporting (concomitant) reforms配套资金counterpart funds/local funding of改革试点pilot for reform放松管制deregulation权利下放decentralization杠杆率leverage ratio杠杆收购leveraged buyout利改税substitution of tax payment for profit delivery费改税transform administrative fees into taxes债转股debt-to-equity swap充分发挥货币政策的作用give full play to the role of monetary policy事实积极的财政政策follow a pro-active fiscal policy向银行增发国债，扩大投资The government issued additional treasury bonds to banks to increase investment再注资recapitalization放松银根to ease monetary policy收紧银根tighten up monetary policy通货紧缩deflation适度从紧的财政政策moderately tight fiscal policy信用紧缩credit crunch启动民间投资attract investment from the private sector加速国民经济信息化develop information-based economy/accelerate IT application in economy实现经济增长方式的转变effect change in the main source of economic growth (from investment expansion to performance gains)优化经济结构optimize economic structure输入活力bring vigor into扩大内需expand domestic demand改善居民心理预期inspire the general public’s confidence in the future needs鼓励增加即期消费encourage more immediate consumption整顿经济秩序rectify economic order市场潜力转化为现实的购买Market potential turns into tangible purchasing power 基本适度broadly appropriate平衡发展balanced development平稳回升steady recovery普遍回升broad-based recovery软着陆soft landing复式预算制capital and current budgetary account工业成本利润率profit-to-cost ratio规范行为regularize behavior国计民生national interest and people’s livelihood基础设施投资investment in infrastructure基本经济要素economic fundamentals（银行资金）头寸宽裕（头寸紧缺）in an easy position(tight position)招标投标制the system of public bidding for project适销对路的产品the right products/readily marketable products经济特区special economic zones(SEZs)“十五”计划The 10th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development劳动密集型labor intensive技术，智力，资本密集型technology knowledge or capital intensive高附加值的深加工down-stream processing with high added-value技术入股technology appraised as capital stock风险投资venture investment生产资料capital goods固定资产投资investment in fixed assets折旧费depreciation cost关系国计民生的产品products vital to national economy and people’s livelihood朝阳产业sunrise(emerging) industry承包经营contract for business management承包责任制system for contracted responsibility计件工资制度piece-rate system最高限价price ceiling鼓励give incentive to非公有成分non-public sectors主要成分dominant sector引进；输入importation搞活企业invigorate enterprises经济繁荣economy boom中国现代化三步走战略the three-step development strategy of China’s modernization drive1990年国民生产总值比1980年翻一番GNP91990) doubles that of 19802000年人均国内生产总值比1980年翻两番，人民生活达到小康水平GDP of 2000 guadruples that of 1980;people live a fairy comfortable life.到21世纪中期，达到中等发达国家水平21st century, the lever of development is expected to be a par with the mid-ranking developed countries.新兴工业化国家newly industrialized countries(NICs)商务谈判用语贸易谈判这是我们的价目表This is our price list.您觉得这个报价如何？What did you think about that offer?这些价格是你们的国内价吗？Are these prices for your domestic customers as well. 这些价格也同样使用于海外We apply these prices to overseas customers as well.我们可以还价We may make a counteroffer.市场条件依国家不同而异Market conditions vary from country to country.您应该知道，本地市场竞争很激烈As you may know, the market here is very competitive.换句话说，我们需要较低的价格In other words, we need lower prices.您可以报一个更合适的价格吗？Could you make a more favorable offer?价格因数量而有所不同Prices depend on volume.您对市场怎么预测？What is your estimate of the market?你们的价格高的太离谱了Your prices are much too high.我可以降到70美元，这是最低价了I am prepared to go to 70 US dollars, but no further.那我们暂定在70美元Then, let us shake on 70 US dollars.假如今天下定单，什么时候可以收货？When could I expect to get the supply if I gave you an order today?您可以确定发货日期吗？Could you confirm the dispatch date?产品怎样包装，运输？How are the products packaged and shipped?您打算怎样付款？How would you propose to pay?我们通常在发货后40天内用支票付款We always pay by check 40 days after dispatch..我们必须有信用证才能出货We always ask for a letter of credit before dispatch.贵公司可以做我们的经销商，但不是代理商，同意吗？Your company can become our distributor, but not agent. Do you agree?经销商指的是贵公司可以自行出货，并以合理的差价卖出By distributor, I mean that your company may buy the products on your own account, and resell them with a reasonable markup.代理商指的是贵公司以抽佣金方式卖我们公司的产品By agent, I mean that your company may sell the products on behalf of my company and receives commission. 合资经营谈判下一步，假如该产品畅销，我们可以考虑在本地直接生产Thinking ahead, assuming that the product sells well, we may consider the possibility of producing it here.我们公司必须对这样的合资企业拥有控股权Our company must have a controlling interest in such joint venture.股权比例可以商量，不排除各占50 的合资We are flexible about the ownership ratio and do not rule out a 50/50 JV.我认为，50对50的投资比例行不通I do not believe a 50/50 venture is workable. 我建议可以考虑采取合伙制形式I suggest we consider the form of partnership.如何确定股权价值How would the value of equity be determined?该合资企业有什么负责人？What kind of officers does the JV have?由谁来提名这些负责人？Who would nominate the officers?总裁任期时间多久？What is the duration of the term of CEO?我方已有几个总裁人选We have a few CEO candidates in mind.由于总部开会都用汉语，总裁如果是中国人，沟通就比较方便Since meetings are held at our head office and carried out in the Chinese language, it would facilitate communication if the CEO is a Chinese.某些重要的管理事项必须有董事或股东一致同意Some important items regarding the management shall be effected only by unanimous consent of all the board members or shareholders.如果事情经过讨论还无法解决，则由合资公司母公司会议决定If it is still unresolved after discussion, the case shall be referred to a meeting of the presidents of the parent company for a final decision.我方认为，成功的关键之一在于确保不断地更新换代We believe that one of the keys to success is to ensure an on-going updating and upgrading.协议书谈判现在该讨论协议书了吧Perhaps it is time to discuss the agreement.如果一切都令人满意，我们可以起草一份合同If everything is satisfactory, we can draw up a formal contract.我想概括一下双方商定的要点If I may, I would like to summarize the points we agreed upon.如果您同意，我提议由我方草拟草案I propose we prepare the draft if you agree. 我们有一些参考资料We have some documents as model.我们回根据这个标准合同准备一份草案We prepare a draft according to this standard contract.是否请双方律师出席下次会议？Should both of us have our lawyers present in our next meeting?实际上我方已经请了一家知名的律师事物所着手起草了In fact we have asked a reputable law firm to start drafting.我想请您说明几个问题Could I ask you to clarify a few points?请问合同中的“吨”是怎么界定的？How is the term “ton” defined in the proposed contract?哪一方有权终止合同？Which party has the ultimate right to terminate the contract? 这一条跟您的说明并不一致I think this clause and your explanation are at odds with each other.我方找不到“不可抗力”条款We cannot find a force majeure clause.我们疏忽遗漏了，非常抱歉We must have slipped. I apologize for the oversight.但我们确实不是故意的But I assure you it was not intentional.我想更具体的商议一下担保条件I would like to discuss the terms of warranty in more detail.我方认为，合同书里不应该写上这么模糊的条款We do not think we should leave such an ambiguous clause in the contract.这一条并没有表达我的观点I am afraid this clause does not address the points I raised.坦率地说，第8段对我方并不公平Frankly speaking, I do not think Paragraph 8 is fair to us.贵方的改动同双方商定的条件有很大的出入The revision you present is far from the terms we agreed upon.除非恰当地加上…，否则我们无法再谈下去We cannot proceed any further unless you properly incorporate.我们得想方设法就这个遗留问题达成共识We need to make a renewed effort to come to some accord on this remaining issue.如果贵方接受我方的第二款的意见，我方愿意对第三款作让步We are wiling to bend on clause 3 if you can accept our position on clause 2.我们认为，我方已对贵方的条件采取了折中的办法We believe we have met your terms halfway.对这个条件，我们已经没有回旋的余地了We have no room for maneuver on this term.按我们公司政策规定，这一条只能如此Our company’s policy dictates that this clause has to be as it is.只剩下一个问题没解决，我得向我们公司领导层汇报，请他们研究There is only one pending issue. I must report to our management for their deliberation.今晚加把劲，完成协议书文本，我们明天就可以签约If we work a little harder tonight to finish the text of the agreement, we can be ready for signing tomorrow.对外经济合作经济交流economic exchange对外经济交流economic cooperation(business partnership) concerning foreign interests“引进来”strategy of “Attracting Foreign Investment”“走出去”strategy of “Going Global”国家标准化组织International Organization for Standardization(ISO)闭关政策“closed-door” (exclusion) policy闭关自守cut oneself off from the outside world实行全方位开放All regions and sectors are open up.大经贸战略strategy of broadly-based foreign trade and economic cooperation营造良好的投资环境forest a favorable investment climate软环境intangible infrastructure扩大对外投资的开放领域expand the scope for FDI取消或进一步放宽外商投资限制eliminate or future relax restrictions on foreign investment鼓励外资的税收政策tax incentives for attracting foreign investment出口退税制度system of refunding taxes on exported goods保证金台账制度deposit account system for processing trade免二减三exemption for income tax for the first 2 years of making profit and 50% tax reduction for the following 3 years积极引进外来资金，技术，人才和管理经验actively introduce capital, technology, competent professionals and managerial expertise from outside国际竞争性招标international competitive bidding跨国公司multinational corporation实行国民待遇grant national treatment to可行性研究feasibility study投资协议金额contracted foreign direct investment实际利用外资foreign investment in actual use利用外资utilization of foreign capital吸收外资foreign capital intake合作方式approach to cooperation外商独资经营wholly foreign-owned operation外商控股controlling foreign equity合资经营equity joint合作经营contractual joint venture合营期限contract term of a joint venture三来一补three-forms of OEM and compensation trades 来料加工processing with materials来件装配processing with given samples来样加工assembling supplied components专有技术know-how统包工程turn-key project租赁leasing优惠条件concessional/favorable terms减免税收tax reduction and exemption投资重点investment priority现汇spot exchange实物investment in kind工业产权industrial property外资企业本地化naturalization of foreign enterprise外资企业国有化nationalization of foreign enterprise零部件国产化比率rate of local contents of components 外债external debt国际通行做法universal practice公开招标open bidding招标call for bid/tender invitation招标文件tender documents协议招标negotiated bidding投标保证金tender bond投标bid for/submission of tender document标价bid price/quotation投标策略tender’s tactics评标tender assessment开标tender opening定标award of contract废标rejection of all bids中标win a tender/a bidding接受外方股东担保accept guarantee provided by foreign shareholders外汇质押foreign exchange collateral securities中国外汇指定银行designates Chinese bank dealing in foreign exchange business 涉外经济法律foreign-related economic law世界贸易组织前身关税及经贸总协定General Agreement of Tariff and Trade(GATT)缔约方contracting parties正式而言，关贸总协定是法律文书Officially GATT was a legal text.关贸总协定管的只是货物贸易GATT dealt only with trade in goods.乌拉圭回合The Uruguay Round, the largest trade negotiation under GATT throughout the world.性质及对比关贸总协定世界贸易组织是世界上独一无二的处理国家之间贸易规则的世界性组织，其核心是世贸协议The World Trade Organization(WTO) is the only international body dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements. 世界贸易组织及世贸协议是永久性的The WTO and its agreements are permanent.成员的立法机构批准了世贸协议Members have ratified the WTO agreements.协议本身描述了世贸的运作The agreements themselves describe hoe the WTO is to function.世贸还管服务贸易和知识产权The WTO covers services and intellectual property as well.世贸争端解决体系更迅速，更主动The WTO dispute settlement system is faster, more automatic.其裁决不受阻挠Its rulings cannot be blocked.国民待遇-给予外国人和本国人一样的待遇national treatment-giving others the same treatment as one’s own nationals宗旨使贸易尽可能自由流动help trade flow as freely as possible作为一个贸易谈判的论坛serve as a forum for trade negotiations争端解决settle disputes原则非歧视without discrimination更利于欠发达国家more beneficial for less developed countries组织结构总理事会General Council货物贸易理事会Council for Trade in goods与贸易有关的知识产权理事会Council for Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights服务贸易理事会Council for Trade in service仲裁小组Dispute Settlement Panel上诉法庭Appellate Body最不发达国家高级别会议High-lever Meeting for LDCs有关术语诸边协议（几个世贸成员之间）Plurilaterals(signed by only a few WTO membersthan all)最惠国待遇most-favored-nation treatment免费搭车者free-rider多边贸易体系multilateral trade system行业谈判sectoral negotiations最初谈判权initialing rights(INRs)《识产权协议》Agreement on Intellectual Property Rights自然人流动presence of natural person加入议定书Protocol on the Accession国营贸易产品products subjects to state trading指定经营产品products subjects to designating trading（农业）黄箱政策yellow box policy（农业）综合支持总量total aggregate measurement of support(Total AMS) （农业）微量支持水平deminimis level市场准入market access非关税措施取消时间表non-tariff measures subject to phased elimination需逐步取消的补贴subsidies to be phased out关税配额tariff quotas优惠关税preferential tariff非关税减让non-tariff concessions进口配额import quota非配额产品quota-free products进口渗透import penetration基础税率base tariff level进口环节税import linkage tax反补贴税countervailing规避circumvention倾销dumping sales反倾销措施anti-dumping measures against交叉报复cross retaliate透明度transparency更明确的产品安全标准规定clearer criteria for regulations dealing with the safety standards of products比较优势产业industries with comparative advantage《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes妥善解决争端resolve disputes peacefully and constructively上诉机构appeal body《北美自由贸易协定》North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA)东盟自由贸易区ASEAN Free Area东部和南部非洲共同市场Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa(COMESA)对外贸易外贸量quantum of foreign trade转口贸易entrepot trade有行贸易visible trade无形贸易invisible trade无纸贸易electronic data interchange记账贸易trade with payment open account零沽交易odd lots trading出口替代政策export substitute policy《国际贸易标准分类》Standard International Trade Classification(SITC)知识产权贸易trade of intellectual-property非货物贸易non-merchandise trade建筑工程服务construction engineering service贸易差额balance of trade贸易顺差trade surplus贸易逆差trade deficit入超excess of foreign imports出超excess of foreign exports外销上升strong export sales减缓增幅sluggish increase互通有无mutual exchange of needed products国际分工international division of labor布雷顿林体系Bretton Woods System关税的初高点initial height of the tariff关税减让tariff concession关税升级tariff escalation关税优惠tariff preference关税自主tariff autonomy关税最高限额tariff ceiling对外贸易仲裁委员会Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission贸易自由化trade liberalization多边贸易体系multilateral trading system进口许可证制度import license system外贸管制foreign trade control进出口经营权power to engage in import and export trade掠夺性倾销predatory dumping外贸国家垄断制foreign trade under state monopoly法治rule of law入世accede to WTO与世界经济的联系更密切be more closely linked to the world economy适应市场经济需要的法律体系还不够健全The regulatory and legal system is not well established to the demand of market economy.经济管理体制可能会出现一些不适应THE economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes.一些行业和企业可能会受到一些冲击Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected.苛刻的条件harsh terms立足中国国情，发挥自身优势processed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play扬长避短，趋利弊害，迎接经济全球化的挑战foster strengths, circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization深化国有企业改革intensify reform on state-owned enterprises增强技术创新能力increase capability of technological innovation增强市场竞争能力enhance competitiveness on the market增强抗风险能力improve risk management统一政策，放开经营，平等竞争unified policy, liberalized operation, equal completion自负盈亏，工贸结合，推行代理制responsibility for one’s own profits and losses, integration of industry and foreign trade, and promotion of agent system守约，保质，薄利，重信observe agreement, guarantee quality, make small profits and value good faith外汇存留retention of foreign exchange保税仓库bonded warehouse互惠合同reciprocal contract国际结算international settlements国际收支条款BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions出口收汇核销单paper for verification of export earnings出口许可证制export license system出口波动补偿资助compensatory financing出口信贷国家担保制export credit guarantee system出口市场多样化diversification of overseas market出口退税foreign export rebate(drawback)出口提单export bill of landing《国际贸易术语解释通则》International of Trade Terms/Incoterms国际商会International Chamber of Commerce习惯做法course of dealing工厂交货EX works (EXW)船边交货free alongside ship(FCA)船上交货free on board(FOB)成本加运费cost and freight(CFR)许可证，其他许可和手续license, authorization and formalities 到岸价格cost, insurance and freight(CIF)运费，保险费付至carriage and insurance paid to(CIP)边境交货delivered at frontier(DAF)目的港船上交货delivered ex ship (DES)目的港码头交货delivered ex quay(DEQ)未完税交货delivered duty unpaid(DDU)清关customs clearance对外承包工程contracted projects in other countries对外经济援助economic-aid to other countries经济援助项目economic-aid to projects援款协议financial-aid受援国recipient countries专家组specialist groups实物援助assistance in kind电子商务身份认证authentication认证机构certification authority(CA)支付前通知advance notification of payment装运前通知advance shipment notice(ASN)自动交换中心automated clearing houses(ACH)自动取款机automated teller machine(ATM)条形码bar coding伪签名blind signature网关gateway资金集中与支付cash concentration and disbursement(CCD) 审查芯片clipper chip消费者电子数据交换consumer EDI永续更新continuous replenishment(CR)公司交易支付corporate trade payments(CTP)电子数据交换成本costs of EDI数据编码加密标准data encryption standard(DES)计账卡debit card支付服务disbursement services非居间化disintermediation重复付款double spending电子数据交换银行联合网络EDIBANX电子数据交换网关EDI gateways电子数据交换集线路EDI hubs电子数据交换翻译软件EDI translation software消费者有效应答efficient consumer response(ECR)电子商品目录e-catalog电子商务标准设定electronic commerce standard-setting 财政预算财政预算fiscal budget临时预算extraordinary budget预算收入budgetary revenue预算支出budgetary expenditure预算赤字budgetary deficit预算盈余budgetary surplus外汇收入earnings from foreign exchange行政管理费administrative costs自筹投资项目self-financed projects税收税收政策tax policy税收征收管理法Law on Tax Collection and Administration 分税制revenue-sharing税收管理权限划分division of tax administration power流转税turnover tax增值税value-added tax(V AT)汇总所得税consolidated income tax土地增值税land appreciation tax房地产交易税real estate transaction tax城镇土地使用税urban land use tax公路通行税road toll人头税poll tax不动产税real estate tax印花税stamp duty亏损依前扣除loss carry back亏损依后扣除loss carry forward销项税额output V AT进项税额input V AT应纳税额tax payable扣税凭证tax credit document完税凭证tax payment certificate组成计税价格composite value起征点taxable threshold法定税率legal tax rate名义税率nominal tax rate实际税率effective tax rate边际税率marginal tax rate累进税率progressive tax rate扣除额deductibles加成征税mark-up重复征税cascading taxation共享收入按入库级次分管Shared revenue will be administered at different levels according to where they are remitted to the treasury按次纳税pay tax on a transaction basis固定资产投资方向调节税tax on investment in fixed assets to rationalize such investment国有土地有偿使用收入income from the use of the state-owned land估税员tax assessor税收裁定adjudication of tax企业所得税corporate income tax个人所得税personal income tax税率tax rate偷税defraud revenue滞纳金late payment penalties货币流通货币circulating medium流通额circulation发行货币issue currency货币回笼withdrawal of currency from circulation电子货币electronic currency信用货币credit currency假钞票counterfeit (bogus) money自由兑换货币convertible currencies货币贬值currency devaluation货币升值currency appreciation融资金融机构financial institution储蓄银行savings bank银行支行sub-branch bank信用社credit cooperative银行保险基金Bank Insurance Fund银行抵押业务mortgage banking储蓄存款savings deposit定期存期time deposit活期存期demand deposit本金principal利息interest个人理财personal financing家庭银行home banking汇款remittance国际金融市场international financial market借贷市场loan market风险资本risk capital/venture capital存款保证金guaranty money for deposits不动产real estate商业贷款commercial loan住房抵押贷款residential mortgage loan学生贷款student loan无息贷款interest-free loan金融监管与国际市场接轨integrate with the world market整顿金融秩序reorganize financial order规范金融、保险业to regulate finance and insurance industries 金融诈骗financial fraud亚洲金融危机Asian financial crisis (1997---1998)管理机制不健全unsound internal governance mechanism风险管理risk management坚持严格的贷款标准maintain strong underwriting standards银行挤兑run on bank保险保险费premium保单分红方法method of policy dividend allocation理赔claim settlement索赔claim for compensation保险责任终止termination of coverdepositor forgery bond 存款票据伪造保证保险mortgage insurance 抵押保险endowment with term insurance 定期保障养老保险workmen’s compensation insurance 工人工伤（血养) 保险cargo marine insurance 海上货物运输保险navigation risk insurance 航行风险保险aviation accident insurance 航空意外事故保险Homeowner’s A Policy 家主A种保险inland marine insurance 陆海运输保险ticket stub insurance 旅客意外伤害保险endowment (life) insurance 人寿定期保险life insurance with dividend 人寿分红保险exchange risk insurance 外汇风险保险out-servant insurance 外勤人员保险universal life insurance 万能寿险casualty accident insurance 意外伤害保险life annuity insurance 终生年金保险证券股票default-free securities 安全证券non-negotiable securities 非流通证券debenture (UK) 债券treasury bill (T-bills) 短期国库券treasury bond 长期国库券mortgage bond 抵押债券redeemable bond 可回赎债券share options 股票期权nominal partner 挂名股东speculate in the stock market 炒股preferred stock (US) 优先股convertible stock 可转换股票letter stock 非公开上市股票private placement 配售high-tech share 高科技股price-earnings ratio (PE) 市盈率bonus stock 红利股票gilt-edged securities 金边证券seasoned securities 稳妥的股票blue chip 蓝筹股margin stock 差额股票cat and dogs 底价值股票barometer stock 晴雨表股票scrip 准股票NASDAQ 纳斯达克高技术企业板go public 公开上市go on a road show 巡回推荐公司quoted company 上市公司prospectus 招股书gross margin 毛利balance sheet 资产负债表portfolio 资产组合paid-up capital 实收资本return on equity (ROE) 股本收益率interest coverage ratio 盈息率provisions 准备金underwrite securities 承销nominal value 面值stock code 股票代码stock clearing corp 股票交割公司over-subscription 超额认购Nikkei Index 日经指数Reuter’s Index 路透商品行情指数stockbroker 证券经纪人quotating 证券行情board lot 上牌指数current rate knock down price 成交价odd-lot trading 碎股交易bull market 牛市jump 暴涨limit up 涨停板ballooning 上涨corner the market 大量买进股票afternoon buyer 趁跌吸进的人liquidating market 大量抛出long stock 看涨时买下的股票close-out 收盘pyramiding 金字塔式控股futures trading 期货交易futures-physical ratio 期货-现货比率manipulation of securities market 操纵证券市场China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) 中国证监会manipulation on stock exchange 证券交易投机活动principle of good faith 诚信原则non-executive director (NED)非执行董事sponsor 保荐人hedge fund 对冲基金Global Depository Receipts (NED) 全球存拖凭证disclosure 信息披露insider dealing 内幕交易商品labor-intensive product 劳动密集型商品up-stream product 上游商品technology-intensive product技术密集型商品certified goods 正品choice goods 精品brandnames 品牌货knock-out product 拳头产品the right product 适销对路产品run-of-the-mill goods 大路货dull goods 冷门货smuggled goods 水货articles of daily use 日用百货non-staple food 副食品marine product 海货fair-price goods 平价商品export goods withdrawn for sale on home market 出口转内销商品semi-finished articles 半成品end product 成品inventory 库存parity rate 比价merchandiser 贸易商价格wholesale price 批发价administered price 内定价net price 实价concluded price 成交价fluctuations 大涨大落special offer 酬宾价closing price 收盘价state-listed price 国营牌价monopolized sector 垄断行业price monitoring 物价监控price ceiling 价格上限procurement price 采购价nominal price 虚价clearance price 清仓价spiral 盘旋上升spurt 突然高涨price has tobogganed 突然下降销售market conditions 行情market potential 市场潜在需求量institutional purchasing power 集团购买力market access 市场准入market segmentation 市场分割market feeling 市场人心find inroad into the market 打入市场outlets 销售点sales on a commission basis 代销dealer 经销商be on the sale行销gross margin on sales 市场毛利net profit 净利lackluster sales 销售平淡sluggish market 萧条市场brisk trading 交投活跃shotgun approach 突击销售法sell on domestic market 内销tied sale 搭售be reluctant to sell out 惜售turnover 周转hire purchase 分期付款total contract 成交总额profiteer 倒爷scalp 倒买倒卖企业管理zero-defect control 零缺陷管理theory of throng relationship 人群关系论duality theory 对偶理论business econometrics 计量经济学operational research 运筹学contingency theory 权变理论cybernetics 控制论。

MBA翻译重点词汇总结(齐辙)

MBA翻译重点词汇总结1经济类：按时付款honor a payment in due time补偿贸易compensation trade尝试性订购trial / try-out order撤消资本折旧率deregulation of capital depreciation rates出口创汇能力capacity to earn foreign exchange through exports出口加工区export processing zones到岸加佣金价Cost , Insurance , Freight and Commission (C.I.F.C.) 全额退款 a full refund底盘floor offer定金down payment独家经销代理exclusive selling agency独立核算工业企业independent accounting unit (enterprise)对外商投资实行国民待遇grant national treatment to foreign investors分享权利与义务share rights and obligations取得丰厚的经济回报yield fat economic returns付款方式way of payment关税壁垒customs barrier ; tariff wall管理知识managerial expertise宏观经贸macroeconomics and trade互补互惠的合作关系complementary and mutual beneficial partnership 回佣return commission季节性折扣seasonal discount建立业务关系enter into business relations with进出口商会chamber of import and export trade进出口商品交易会Import and Export Commodities Fair进口渗透import penetration吸引外商直接投资attract foreign direct investment经营范围line / scope of business净利润net profit开/收盘价 opening / closing price可兑换货币convertible currency库存有限limited stock离岸加运费价Cost and Freight (C&F)加岸价Free On Board (F.O.B.)利润分配distribution in profits share零售价retail price批发价wholesale price贸易索赔business claim目的港船边交货价Free Over Side (F.O.S.)潜在市场potential market三资企业three kinds of foreign-invested enterprises or ventures 中外合资Sino-foreign joint ventures中外合作Sino-foreign cooperative businesses外商独资exclusively foreign-owned enterprises商业界business community实/虚盘 firm/non-firm offer实施市场多元化战略implement the strategy of market diversification使之受到法律和经济手段的制约get it under both legal and economic control受同一种规章制度的制约be subject to the same regulations or constraints 双边贸易 bilateral trade双赢战略 win-win strategy随行就市 be subject to market fluctuation缩小沿海地区与中西部地区的经济差距narrow the economic disparities between the coastal regions and the central and w estern provinces讨价还价bargain投资比重share of investment投资热the rising investment fever投资意向an investment proposal违约breach of the contract / agreement现/期货价 spot / forward price现货spot goods现金结算 cash settlement信用证结算 payment by letter of credit (L/C)形成一批有势力的跨国公司和知名品牌bring about a number of srtong multionational enterprises and brand names续约 extend the contract索赔 claim for a compensation稳妥的速度和规模 (at) a moderate rate and a safe scale易货贸易 barter trade有利可图 profitable / lucrative诱人的投资政策 attractive investment policies招标投标制 the system of public bidding for projects招商引资 attract / bid for / invite investments (from overseas )鉴于实际情况 in consideration of the actual conditions装运港船边交货价 Free Alongside Ship (F.A.S.)最大程度发挥双方优势 maximize the strengths of both parties经济组织Economic Organizations国际商会 International Chamber of Commerce国际海洋运输保险协会 International Union of Marine Insurance花旗银行 National City Bank of New York欧洲投资银行 European Intestment Bank (EIB)米兰银行 Midland Bank,Ltd.汇丰银行 Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation经济合作与开发组织 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (D ECD)美中贸易全国理事会 National Council for US-China Trade日中经济协会 Japan-China Economic Association日本协力银行 Japan Bank For International Cooperation (JBIC)英国国际贸易促进委员会 British Countil for the Promotion of International Trade纽约证券交易所 New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)伦敦股票市场 London Stock Market欧洲经济共同体 European Economic Community (EEC) ; European Common M arket欧洲自由贸易联盟 European Free Trade Association (EFTA)欧洲集团 Eurogroup加勒比共同市场（加勒比自由贸易联盟）Caribbean Common Market (CCM)石油输出国组织 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)英联邦特惠区 Commonwealth Preference Area中国人民银行People’s Bank of China中国银行 Bank of China国际复兴开发银行 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBR D)世界银行 World Bank欧洲经济与货币同盟 European Economic and Monetary Union国际结算银行 Bank for International Settlements (BIS)中国国际贸易促进委员会 China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CC PIT)亚太经济合作组织Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)APEC工商咨询理事会 APEC Business Advisory Council便利化，责任性，一致性，透明性和简单化facilitation , accountability , consistency , transparency and simplification单边行动计划 individual action plan地区能源合作工作组 Regional Energy Cooperation Working Group电子数据交换 electronic date interchange (EDI)东盟自由贸易区 ASEAN Free Trade Area东南亚国家联盟 Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN)非关税措施 non-tariff measures海洋资源保护 marine resource conservation集体行动计划 collective action plans加速关税自由化 accelerated tariff liberalization可持续发展经济区域性一体化regional integration for sustainable economies劳动和社会保障 labor and social protection劳动市场信息 labor market information贸易促进工作组 Trade Promotion Working Group贸易投资委员会 Committee on Trade and Investment贸易投资自由化和便利化 trade and investment liberalization and facilitation名人小组 Eminent Persons Group平等互利，协商一致，求同存异，自主自愿equality and mutual benefit , reaching consensus through consultation , seeking co mmon grounds while putting aside differences , initiative and free will南太平洋地区经济贸易合作协定South Pacific Regional Trade Economic Cooperation Agreement人口和经济持续增长对粮食，能源，和环境的冲击impact of expanding population and economic growth on food , energy and the env ironment人力资源开发human resources development太平洋经济合作理事会Pacific Economic Cooperation Council投资专家组Investment Experts’ Group互相承认 mutual recognition协调的单边行动 concerted unilateral action信息技术协定 Information Technology Agreement行政和预算委员会 Budget and Administrative Committee亚太工商网 Asia-Pacific Business Network亚太经合组织部长会议 APEC Ministerial Meeting亚太经合组织工商咨询理事会会议APEC Business Advisory Council Meeting亚太经合组织经济领导人会议APEC Economic Leaders Meeting亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议Informal Meeting of APEC Leaders亚太经合组织商业论坛 APEC Business Forum亚太经济社会理事会 Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific Regio n亚太旅游协会 Pacific Asia Travel Association亚太能源中心 Asia-Pacific Energy Research Center亚太中小型企业技术交流与培训中心APEC Center for Technology and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises与贸易有关的知识产权协定Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property争端调解专家组Dispute Mediation Experts’ Group政府采购 government procurement世界贸易组织World Trade Organization (WTO)《北美自由贸易协定》 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)北美自由贸易区 North American Free Trade Area布雷顿森林体系 Bretton Woods System常设机构 standing body垂直兼并 vertical merger东部和南部非洲共同市场 Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMES A)反倾销措施 anti-dumping measures反补贴税 countervailing duty交叉报复 cross retaliation海关完税价值 customs values环保型技术 environmentally-sound technology (EST)出口实绩 export performance出口补贴 export subsidy灰色区域措施 gray area measuresWTO最不发达国家高级别会议WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs非配额产品 quota-free products非生产性投资 investment in non-productive projects风险管理/评估risk management / assessment国际收支平衡 balance of international payments非洲，加勒比和太平洋国家集团（洛美协定）African , Caribbean and Pacific Group (ACP)上诉机构 appeal body基础税率 base tariff level国际收支条款 Balance-of-payments (BOP) Provisions既定日程 built-in agenda约束水平 bound level（欧盟）共同农业政策 Common Agriculture Pulicy规避 circumvention关贸总协定 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)乌拉圭回合 Uruguay Round永久正常贸易关系 permanent normal trade relation (PNTR)国际清算 international settlement横向兼并 horizontal merger进口环节税 import linkage tax进口许可 import licensing垃圾融资 junk financing慢性萧条 chronic depression贸易和投资自由化和便利化trade and investment liberalization and facilitation (TILF) 全球配额 global quota弱势群体 disadvantaged group市场准入的行政管理措施 Administrative Aspects of Market Access (AAMA)生产补贴 production subsidy消费膨胀 inflated consumption协调制度（商品名称及编码协调制度）Harmonized System (Harmonized Commodity and Coding System )争端解决机构 dispute settlement body《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DS U)诸边协议 plurilateral agreement祖父条款 grandfather clause最初谈判权 Initial Negotiating Rights (INRs)保护主义 protectionism闭关自守 closed door policy畅通工程 Smooth Traffic Project初级成分 primary sector粗放式管理 extensive management从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy盗用公款 embezzlement地方财政包干制 system whereby local authorities take full responsibility for the ir finances地区差异 regional disparity短平快项目 a project yielding quick returns with a relatively low investment 短线产品 products in shorts supply二元经济 dual economy发展不平衡 disparate development发展民族经济 develop the national economy发展是硬道理 Development is of overriding importance ./ Development is the absolute need翻两番 quadruple放宽经营条件限制 relax business restrictions扶贫 helping the poor改善投资环境 improve the investment environment工商局 industrial and commercial administration公共部门；公共成分 public sector关税总水平 general tariff level管制经济 controlled economy规模经济 economy of scale国产化率import substitution rate ; localization rate of parts and componen ts国际商业社会 the global business community国家粮食库存the state grain reserves国民生产总值gross national product (GNP)国内生产总值gorss domestic product (GDP)合理引导消费guide rational consumption宏观调控macro-control混合经济mixed economy基本国情fundamental realities of the country积极的财政政策proactive fiscal policy集体经济collective economy集中精力把经济建设搞上去go all out for economic development计划经济planned economy计划调节regulation through state planning讲诚信，反欺诈honor credibility and oppose cheating解放生产力emancipate the productive forces经济波动economic fluctuation经济复苏economic recovery经济杠杆economic levers经济平衡economic balance经济趋势economic trend经济渠道economic channels经济全球化economic globalization经济失调指数misery index经济衰退economic depression经济腾飞economic take-off /boom(有)经济头脑的人 commercially minded (people); (people with) business sense 控股公司holding company拉动经济增长fuel economic growth理顺straightening out家庭联产承包责任制the household contract responsibility system停职留薪retain the job but suspend the salary乱收费，乱摊派，乱罚款arbitary charges , fund-raising quotas and fines配套政策supporting policies贫富悬殊polarization of rich and poor求得公平合理的解决seek a fair and reasonable solution三步走战略the three-step development strategy社会热点问题hot spots of society涉外经济foreign-related business实体经济the real economy实现零的突破achieve the zero breakthrough实用，有效，廉价，方便practical ,efficient , economical and convenient for use市政当局municipality适度从紧的财政政策moderately tight fiscal policy私营成分，私营部门private sector停滞；萧条 stagnation通货紧缩deflation (of currency )统筹安排comprehensive arrangement统一市场single market托管制度trusteeship网络经济cybereconomy伪劣商品赔还法lemon law温饱工程project for adequate food and clothing效益农业profitable agriculture新兴经济emerging economies养老金pension以经济建设为中心focusing on the central task of economic construction以质量求生存，求发展，求效益strive for survival , development and efficiency on the basis of quality优化结构和提高效益 optimized structure and better economic returns优税待遇 preferential taxation treatment有中国特色的社会主义市场经济体制socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics与国际市场接轨 integrate with the world market ; become integrated into the global market中国经济景气检测中心 China Economic Monitoring Center中国新经济峰会 China New Economy Summit主体经济 the mainstay of the economy专属经济区 exclusive economic zone追赶型和跨越式发展 pursuant and leap-forward development资源配置 the distribution / allocation of resources自由经济 liberal economy政治经济学 political economy官方表述Official Statements社会秩序良好，人民安居乐业People will enjoy a sound public order and live and work in peace and contentmen t深化分配制度改革，健全社会保障体系deepen the reform of the income distribution system and improve the social securit y system失业保险制度和城市居民最低生活保障制度the systems of unemployment insurance and subsistence allowances for urban resi dents同经济发展水平相适应的社会保障体系a social security system compatible with the level of economic development国民经济National Economy按劳分配distribution according to one’s performance摆脱贫穷和落后shaking off poverty and backwardness保持国民经济持续，快速，健康发展maintain sustained , rapid and sound development of the national economy保持国民经济发展的良好势头maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy边际报酬 marginal return变相涨价 disguised price hikes不正之风 bad/harmful practice ; unhealthy tendency财政经济状况 financial and economic conditions财政收支平衡 fiscal balance（产品）分销 sub-underwriting ; distribution草根农业 grass-roots industry产粮大省 granary province朝阳产业 sunrise industry传销 multi-level marketing ;pyramid selling打假 crack down on counterfeit goods弹性工资 flexible pay等外品 off-grade goods ; rejects第一产业 primary industury第二产业 secondary industry第三产业 tertiary industry恶性通货膨胀 hyperinflation恶性循环 vicious circle二次创业 start a new undertaking浮动工资 floating wages ; fluctuating wages高科技板块 high-tech sector根本好转 fundamental turn for the better工薪阶层 salariat ; state employee ; salaried person公司分立与解散 separation and dissolution of a company国家利益 interest of the state红包（中）red envelope containing money as a gift ; (贬) bribe ; kickb ack积压产品 overstocked commodities / inventories技术产权交易所 technology equity market ; technology property right exchang e技术下乡 spread technological knowledge to farmers加班 work extra shifts ; work overtime家族企业 family firm假日经济 holiday firm尖端产品 highly sophisticated products解困基金 anti-poverty funds进口减免税 import tax exemptions and reduction精品 competitive products敬业精神 professional dedication ; professional ethics连带责任 joint liability良性循环 virtuous circle劣等品 shoddy goods ; substandard goods ; lemon (口语)冒充包装 copycat packaging耐用消费品 durable consumer items / goods年同比 year-on-year ; on an annual basis扭转局面 reverse the tide ; turn the table农村富余劳动力 surplus rural labor农村劳动力合理有序流动 the rational and orderly flow of rural labor皮包公司 bogus company票贩子 ticket scalper ; ticket tout瓶颈制约“bottleneck” restrictions情感消费 emotional consumption区位商业 location-based commerce全优工程 all-round excellent project拳头产品 competitive products ; knock-out products ; blockbuster商品交易所 Commodity Exchange商品条码 bar code商务所commercial counsellor’s office市场疲软 sluggish market市场准入 market access适销对路的产品 readily marketable products甩卖 clearance sale ; be on sale双边和多边经济合作 bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation跳蚤市场 flea market投资成本回收 recover investments脱贫致富 cast /shake / throw off poverty and set out on a road to prospe rity无形资产 intangible assets向钱看 mammonism ; put money above all效益工资 achievements-related wages ; wages based on benefits一级市场 primary market重复建设 duplication of similar projects转嫁负担 shifting losses to国有企业改革Reform of State-owned Enterprises (SOE)摆脱困境 be extricated from their predicament包工包料 contract for labor and materials层层转包和违法分包 multi-level contracting and illegal sub-contracting产品结构 product mix产权清晰，权责分明，政企分开，科学管理clearly established ownership , well defined power and responsibility , separation of enterprise from administration , and scientific management产销直接挂钩 directly link production with marketing产业的升级换代 upgrading of industries产业高地 industrial leading position产业关联性 production-related association产业结构优化升级 optimize and upgrade the industrial structure厂长负责制system under which the factory director assumes full responsibil ity承包经营 contract operation持续提高公司的竞争能力achieve a lasting upturn in the company’s ability to com pete初步建立现代企业制度implement a preliminary modern enterprise system促销merchandising大型企业集团large enterprise group带薪分流assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing the m to retain their original rank and benefits待岗await job assignment ; post-waiting待业job-waiting待业人口population waiting for employment地域优势geographical advantage调节经济运行regulate the operation of the economy调整产品结构readjust the product mix董事会领导leadership of the board of directors对符合条件的企业实行债转股carry out debt-to-equity swap programs in enterprises where conditions permit对外承包工程overseas contracted engineering projects防范和化解经融风险prevent and defuse financial risks分流企业富余人员redirect surplus employees of enterprises富有献身精神，积极性高涨的员工队伍a highly motivated and committed workforce改革国有资产管理体制reform the state property management system改善国有企业负债结构improve the asset-liability ratios of state-owned enterprise s高中级工程技术人员senior and intermediate-level engineers and technologists革新重组realignment个体，私营等非公有制经济the non-public sector including selfemployed and private businesses工业产值 the industrial output公司法人责任制 the corporate legal person responsibility system公有制的多种实现形式 various forms for realizing public ownership股份合作制 joint stock-holding partnership ; the joint stock cooperative syste m股份制 the shareholding system骨干企业 key enterprise规范监事会制度 standardize the board of supervisors system规范破产 standardize bankruptcy procedures国家财政收入 total national revenue国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises国有控股企业 state holding enterprise国有资产流失 the devaluation of state assets合同管理制 the contract management system红帽子企业 red cap enterprise宏观管理体制 the macro-control system货币政策 monetary policy技术创新technological innovation家用电器产业the home electric appliances industry价格性能比price versus performance ratio兼并破产merger and bankruptcy减少对市场变化做出反应的时间shorten the response time to market changes减员增效downsizing for efficiency ; cut payroll to improve efficiency揭牌典礼an official business launch紧密型企业集团tightly-knit groups of enterprises竞争有序orderly competition竞争择优select only the best of competing offers开工不足enterprises running under their production capacity亏损企业loss-making enterprises亏损企业脱困losing enterprises in the black again扩大内需expand domestic demand来料加工process materials supplied by clients ; accept customers’ materia ls for processing劳动合同制labor contract system理顺/正确处理改革，发展，稳定的关系appropriately balance reform , development and stability流通体制the circulation system龙头 a leader内联企业enterprises with internal connections扭亏增赢reduction of loss and increase of profits培育统一开放，竞争有序的市场体系cultivate a unified and open market with orderly competition培育新的消费热点foster new consumption growth areas激励机制和约束机制incentive and restraint mechanisms企业文化corporate culture强化管理，“严”字当头 tighten up management and put strict observance above all else强化社区服务功能strengthen the function of community强强联合association between strong enterprises全面提高劳动者素质improve the overall quality of the workforce全球销售服务网络the global sales and after-sales service network融中国现代产业于世界经济主流integrate China’s modern industry with the mainstream of the world’s economy三无企业three-no-enterprises商检局Commodity Inspection Bureau商业运作business dealings深化流通体制改革deepen the reform of the distribution system生物医药产业the bioengineering and pharmaceutical industry石油化工产业the petrochemical industry实行投资主体多元化Sources of investment must be diversified时常多元化战略market diversification strategy售后服务 after-sales service树立企业良好形象 foster a good company image统筹规划，突出重点，分步实施a comprehensive plan that should focus on key areas and be carried out in a step -by-step manner投身于变化的过程中 be committed to the process of change完善法人治理结构 improve the corporate government西部大开发 the large-scale development strategy in west China下岗分流 redirect laid-off workers下海 go in for business兴建南水北调工程 build the south-to-north water diversion project虚拟经济和实体经济 virtual economy and real economy养老，失业，医疗保险金 old-age , unemployment and medical insurance premiums 一刀切 impose uniformity in all cases ; allow no flexibility一体化生产 integrated production以市场为导向 taking the market as the orientation以质取胜 implement the strategy of success through quality引入竞争机制 introduce competition mechanisms优化结构 optimize structure优化生产过程 optimize production processes优化组合 optimization grouping ; optional regrouping优势互补 take advantage of eac h other’s strength再就业服务中心 re-employment service center再就业工程 re-employment programs在业人口 working population政府搭台，部门推动，企业唱戏Governments set up the stage , various departments cooperate and enterprises put in the show支柱产业 pillar industries知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive projects中心环节 the pivotal point抓大放小 invigorate large enterprises while relaxing control over small one s;focus on the restructuring of major enterprises and leave minor ones to fend for t hemselves转化机制 shift to new management mechanisms转化经营机制 change operating mechanism装备精良 state-of-the-art equipment资金技术密集型产业 capital-and-technology-intensive industries劳动密集型产业 labor-intensive industries自负盈亏 be responsible for their own profits and losses财政金融Finance保理业务factoring business保税区the low-tax , tariff-free zone ; bonded area比较完整的金融市场体系 a relatively complete financial market system变现sell off财务报告分析 analysis of financial statement财务成本 financial cost财务丑闻 accounting scandal财政法 fiscal law财政收入/支出financial revenue / expenditure财政转移支付 transfer payment from the exchequer搀水股票 water-down stocks (ordinary stocks that can be bought by perso ns inside a stock company or a business at a cost lower that their face value ) 筹资融资 fund and financing城乡信用社 credit cooperatives in both urban and rural areas存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits呆帐 bad loan贷款无力偿还 loan defaults地区货币集团 regional corrency blocks电子银行 e-banking电子应用系统 e-application对冲基金 hedge fund二板时常：创业板市场second board (on the country’s stock market)防范金融风险 prevent financial risks费改税 transform administrative fees into taxes分拆上市 A subsidiary company of a corporation is listed on the stock ma rket .分期付款 installment payment分税制 system of tax distribution风险管理 risk management风险投资 risk investment风险资本 venture capital封闭式基金 close-ended fund辐射全国，影响深远 radiate its profound influence across the country高增长，低通胀 high growth and low inflation公积金 public accumulation funds ; public reserve funds公司犯罪 corporate crime国际清算银行 international clearing banks国有商业银行 state-owned commercial banks国债专项资金 special fund for treasury bond核心/非核心资产core/ non-core assets汇率机制 exchange-rate regime货币化 monetization货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation货到付款 cash on delivery技术转让 technology transfer假帐 accounting fraud虚报盈利 inflate profits监视会 supervisory board结售汇制度 the system of exchange , settlement and sales 金本位 gold standard金边债券 gilt-edged bonds金降落伞 golden parachute金融电子化 computerize financial services金融重组 financial reorganization债务人持有资产 debtor-in-possession (DIP)金税工程 Golden Tax Project金银买卖市场 a bullion trading market可支配收入 disposable income客户关系管理 customer relationship management (CRM)宽限期 grace period垃圾债券 junk bond利改税 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery内部风险管理 the internal risk management内部自律控制机制 internal control system欧洲单一货币 the single European currency盘活存量资产 tap the idle assets疲软股票 soft stock骗汇，逃汇，套汇 obtain foreign currency at false pretenses , not turn over for eign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage企业资源计划 enterprise resource planning (ERP)全球金融体系 global financial architecture全天候交易 24-hour trading operations融资渠道 financing channels三角债 chain debt上市融资 seek financing by listing on the stock market设置严密的警戒线 throw a tight cordon申请破产保护 file for bankruptcy protection生产要素 essential factor of production直销 non-store selling网上银行业 online-banking在线金融 online-finance实行许可证制 implement a license system收购公司 acquiring company现金流量表 chart of cash flow首席运营官 Chief Operating Officer (COO)首席财务官 Chief Finance Officer (CFO)首席商务官 Chief Business Officer (CBO)首席技术官 Chief Technology Officer (CTO)首席信息官 Chief Information Officer (CIO)首席沟通官 Chief Government Officer (CGO)授信额度 line of credit税前/税后收入 pretax/after-tax income上市/被摘牌公司 listed / delisted company上调税申报制度 personal income declaration system顺差 trade surplus特许税 franchise tax粘现市场 discount market通存通税 the banking procedure where deposits and withdrawals are proce ssed at any branch bank统一税 flat tax ; consolidated tax偷税，骗税，逃税，抗税 tax evasion , tax fraud , and refusal to pay taxes投资信心 investor confidence财务报表 financial statement外国基准货币 the foreign base currency外汇储备 foreign exchange reserve外汇市场 a foreign exchange market外资财务公司 foreign-funded financial companies外资银行 foreign-funded banks金融交易安全 financial transaction security无息和低息贷款 loans with no or low interest物价涨幅 the margin of price rise吸收游资 absorb idle fund消费信贷 consumer credit services信贷风险 credit risk信贷支持 credit aid信用紧缩 credit crunch信用危机 credit crisis虚拟银行 virtual bank电子转帐 wire transfer延期还本付息 delayed repayment of capital and interest业绩报表 earning report金融违规行为 financial irregularities / improprieties证券交易委员会 Securities Exchange Commission (SEC)一式两联 (receipt or invoice)in duplicate营业税 turnover tax ; business tax增发长期国债 issue additional long-term treasury bonds债权转股权/债转股debt-for-equity swap帐面收益 paper profit有形资产 physical assets项目资本金制度 project fund system资产重组 recapitalize中国外汇交易中心 Chinese Foreign Exchange Trading Service中国财政赤字 state financial deficits转手贸易 switch trade（银行的）交易 transact原始股 initial offerings新股发行 initial public offerings (IPO)智力资本 intellectual capital投资回收期 investment payoff period资产保值增值 maintain and increase the value of assets ; maintenance and appreciation of assets资产负债比例管理 exercise management over the liability rate on assets资产负债表 balance sheet自由兑换 free convertibility ; be freely converible自助银行 self-service bank证券Securities保证金 margin ; collateral成分指数 component index承销商 underwriter发行人 issuer封闭式证券投资基金 closed-end securities investment fund开放式证券投资基金 open-end securities investment fund 基金托管银行 fund custodian bank散户 retail ; private investor股本 share capital ; equity capital国库券 treasury bond红利；股息 dividend货币市场 monetary market机构投资者 institutional investor建/平仓open /close a position可流通股份 negotiable share可转换债券 convertible bond控股股份 controlling shareholder蓝筹股 blue chips流通性 liquidity内幕交易 insider trading / dealing配股 allotment of shares评级机构 rating agency企业债券 corporate bond清算；结算 clearing and settlement券商 broker ; dealer认股权证 warrant融券 securities loan金融衍生产品 financial derivatives申购 subscribe市场操纵 market manipulation市值 market capitalization收购兼并 merger and acquisition信息披露 information disclosure信用交易credit trading债券bond ; debenture中介机构intermediary资本市场capital market综合指数composite index房产Real Estate按揭贷款mortgage loan拆迁计划resettlement plan地段plot都市峡谷urban canyon房产开发公司real estate developer房屋总面积gross area高层楼房high-rise buildings高密度立体城市high density vertical city公告地价government-estimated land price绿地面积greenland area ; landscaping space棚户shacks ; family that live in shacks平面设计师graphic designer期房forward delivery housing乔迁之喜Best wishes for your new home人均住房per-capita housing ; average living space商品房空置的现象the vacancy problem in commercial housing使用面积floorage ; usable floor area室内面积carpet area四合院an old siheyuan (a compound with traditional Chinese house of g rey bricks and tiles built around a courtyard )筒子楼tube-shaped apartment危旧房old and dilapidated houses物业管理real estate management。

catti 单词本

catti 单词本以下是CATTI二三笔必备词汇（注：这里列出的只是部分单词，全套CATTI单词表可到官方网站查询或购买相关书籍）：1. 通用词汇：政府治理：governance全球化：globalization可持续发展：sustainable development城市化：urbanization绿色发展：green development法治：rule of law公共服务：public service社会管理：social management生态文明：ecological civilization人文关怀：humanistic care2. 外交词汇：主权国家：sovereign state国际法：international law联合国：United Nations (UN)安理会：Security Council国际关系：international relations外交政策：foreign policy外交途径：diplomatic channel国际组织：international organization国际合作：international cooperation国际条约：international treaty3. 经济词汇：市场经济：market economy国有企业：state-owned enterprise (SOE)外资企业：foreign-funded enterprise (FFE)私有企业：private enterprise经济全球化：economic globalization跨国公司：multinational corporation (MNC)对外贸易：foreign trade国际贸易：international trade关税壁垒：tariff barriers世界贸易组织：World Trade Organization (WTO) 区域经济一体化：regional economic integration 自由贸易区：free trade area (FTA)4. 社会文化词汇：社会福利：social welfare教育公平：fair education医疗卫生：medical and health care文化多样性：cultural diversity非物质文化遗产：intangible cultural heritage (ICH)知识产权保护：intellectual property protection (IPP)公共文化服务体系：public cultural service system (PCSS) 媒体融合：media convergence信息社会：information society。

社会发展英语词汇大全了解社会发展现象的关键词

社会发展英语词汇大全了解社会发展现象的关键词社会发展是一个多层次、多领域的复杂过程，涵盖了经济、政治、文化、技术等各个方面。

了解并熟悉社会发展的关键词汇，有助于我们深入理解社会的变革与进步。

本文将通过介绍一些社会发展的关键词汇，来帮助大家更好地了解社会发展现象。

一、经济发展相关词汇1. GDP（Gross Domestic Product）国内生产总值：一国所有在一定时间内创造的全部物质财富的总和，是衡量经济发展水平的重要指标。

2. 就业率（Employment rate）：衡量劳动力市场就业状况的指标，表示就业人数占劳动力总数的比例。

3. 贸易顺差（Trade surplus）：指一个国家出口商品和服务的价值超过进口的价值，表示这个国家在国际贸易中盈余。

4. 科技创新（Technological innovation）：通过研究和应用新的科学知识和技术手段，创造出新产品、新工艺、新服务等，推动经济发展和社会进步。

二、社会政治相关词汇1. 民主（Democracy）：一种政治制度，强调政治决策应在广泛参与和平等竞争的基础上进行。

2. 社会公平（Social equity）：指社会资源的合理分配，使每个人都能享受到基本权利和机会，减少贫富差距。

3. 和谐社会（Harmonious society）：指人民内部团结、和睦相处，社会各方面关系协调稳定的社会状态。

4. 基层治理（Grassroots governance）：强调通过基层组织和居民自治，解决社会问题、维护社会稳定的治理方式。

三、文化发展相关词汇1. 文化多样性（Cultural diversity）：指不同社会群体在文化价值观、习俗、语言、文学艺术等方面的差异与多样性。

2. 文化遗产（Cultural heritage）：国家或地区的历史、文化、艺术、社会制度等方面具有重要价值的遗存和传统。

3. 文化创意产业（Cultural and creative industries）：以文化和创意为核心，以文化产品和服务为基础，融合了经济、艺术、传媒、设计等多个领域的产业。

经济英语词汇大全掌握经济领域的专业术语

经济英语词汇大全掌握经济领域的专业术语经济英语词汇大全——掌握经济领域的专业术语经济英语是专门用于描述经济领域的语言。

掌握经济英语词汇对于从事经济学、国际贸易、金融等相关工作的人来说至关重要。

本篇文章将为您提供一个经济英语词汇大全，帮助您扩充经济领域的专业术语。

一、宏观经济学（Macroeconomics）宏观经济学研究整体经济活动，包括国家的经济增长、通货膨胀率、失业率等。

在宏观经济学中，以下术语是必须掌握的：1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)：国内生产总值，衡量一个国家或地区在一定时期内生产的所有最终产品和服务的市场价值。

2. Inflation：通货膨胀，指货币流通量增加，导致商品和服务价格普遍上涨的现象。

3. Unemployment Rate：失业率，表示劳动力市场上正在找工作但找不到工作的人口所占的比例。

4. Fiscal Policy：财政政策，指政府通过调整税收和政府支出来影响经济活动的手段。

5. Monetary Policy：货币政策，指中央银行通过调整货币供应量和利率来控制经济增长和通货膨胀的手段。

二、国际贸易（International Trade）国际贸易是指不同国家之间的商品和服务交换活动。

了解以下国际贸易的专业术语可以帮助您更好地理解相关领域的内容：1. Import：进口，指从外国购买商品或服务并引入本国。

2. Export：出口，指本国商品或服务的销售给其他国家。

3. Trade Balance：贸易平衡，指一个国家或地区进口和出口之间的差额。

4. Tariff：关税，是对进口货物征收的税费。

5. Free Trade Agreement：自由贸易协定，是为促进成员国之间贸易自由化而签订的协议。

三、金融（Finance）金融领域涉及金融市场、投资、风险管理等综合性经济活动。

以下是一些金融方面常用的经济英语词汇：1. Stock Market：股票市场，指股票的买卖和交易所的场所。

口译笔译分类词汇-经济金融词汇

口译笔译分类词汇－经济金融词汇(一)第一产业（农业）agriculture (primary industry)第二产业（工业）manufacturing industry (secondary industry)第三产业（服务业）service industry (tertiary industry)主要经济指标major economic indicators国内生产总值GDP gross domestic product （商品和劳务币值总和，不包括海外收入支出）国民生产总值GNP gross national product（商品和劳务币值总和，包括海外收入支出）不景气slump （衰退recession）二板市场the second board market中国创业板China Growth Enterprise Market首次上市IPOs (initial public offering)市场资本总额market capitalization法人股institutional shares内部股（非上市招股）private company shares牛市bull market法律风险legal risk风险管理risk management口译笔译分类词汇－经济金融词汇(二)坚持严格的贷款标准maintain strong underwriting standards六大风险risks in 6 key areas (U.S. Federal Reserve criterion)信用风险credit risk供给学派supply-side economist按不变价格计算calculate at constant price人均国内生产总值GDP per capita宏观经济macro economy互助基金mutual fund扩大内需expand domestic demand改善居民心理预期inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs 鼓励增加即期消费encourage more immediate consumption长期国债long-term treasury bonds支付国债利息to service treasury bonds财政赤字和债务deficits and the national debt按原口径计算calculate on the base line口译笔译分类词汇－经济金融词汇(三)抵押贷款collateralised loans住房抵押贷款residential mortgage loan货币主义者monetarist计划经济planned economy指令性计划mandatory plan按不变价格计算calculate at constant price按可比价格计算calculate at comparable price列入财政预算支出listed in the fiscal budget结售汇制度the system of exchange, settlement and sales经常项目顺差favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account开办人民币业务engage in Renminbi (RMB) business出口退税制度the system of refunding taxes on exported goods保证金台帐制度Deposit account system for processing trade分期付款pay by installment保值储蓄inflation-proof bank savings口译笔译分类词汇－经济金融词汇(四)招商银行China Merchants Bank技术密集型technology intensive大规模生产mass production经济林cash tree跟踪审计follow-up auditing流动性风险liquidity risk操作风险operational risk内部审计internal audit抛售bear sales配套政策supporting policies中国人民银行（中央银行）The People’s Bank of China（central bank）四大国有商业银行4 major state-owned commercial banks中国银行Bank of china中国工商银行Industrial and Commercial Bank of China中国建设银行Construction Bank of China中国农业银行Agricultural Bank of China口译笔译分类词汇－经济金融词汇（五）生活费用income available for living expenses片面追求发展速度excessive pursuit of growth泡沫经济bubble economy经济过热overheating of economy通货膨胀inflation疲软股票soft stock配股allotment of shares实际增长率growth rate in real terms年均增长率average growth rate per annum投资回报率rate of return on investment外贸进出口总额total foreign trade value经济规律laws of economics消费价格指数consumer price index (CPI)零售价格指数retail price index （RPI）生活费用价格总指数total price index of living cost口译笔译分类词汇－经济金融词汇（六）issuer 发行人issuing bank, opening bank 开证银行Joint Account 联合账户joint venture bank 合资银行journal, day-book 日记帐，流水帐junk bond 立即债券land bank 土地银行Last Trading Day 最后交易日letter of credit 信用证Liquidation 清仓industrial and commercial bank 工商银行industrial bank 实业银行information disclosure 信息披露insider trading/dealing 内幕交易Insider 内幕人Institution 机构投资者institutional investor 机构投资者intermediary 中介机构international balance of payment 国际收支international monetary system 国际货币制度investment bank 投资银行口译笔译分类词汇－经济金融词汇（七）land-use right 土地使用权laws of economics 经济规律leverage buyout 杠杆收购leverage ratio 杠杆率long-term development targets 远景计划macro economy 宏观经济macro-control 宏观调控mandatory plan 指令性计划market economy 市场经济mass production 大规模生产intellectual property 知识产权Internet-based economy 网络经济investment in fixed assets 固定资产投资investment in infrastructure 基础设施投资investment-driven growth 投资驱动型增长invigorate enterprises 搞活企业IPRs (Intellectual property rights) 知识产权ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 国际标准化组织knowledge capital 知识资本knowledge economy 知识经济knowledge-intensive 知识密集labor intensive 劳动密集型。

英语笔译常用词汇3-经济

26.经济技术开发区
economic and technological development zone
27.经济结构战略性调整
strategic restructuring of the economy
28.经济开发区
economic development zone
29.经济圈和经济带
economic rim and belt
成本收益分析
11.cost-of-living index
生活费指数
12.cross-border takeover
跨国并购
13.currency depreciation\appreciation
通货贬值、升值
14.domestic funds
国内配套资金
15.E-commerce\E-business
随行就市
27.gross output value of industry and agriculture
工农业总产值
28.2-hour economic zone
两小时经济圈
29.import\export quota
进出口配额
30.investment in fixed assets
固定资产投资
application of scientific and technological achievements in production
39.可支配收入
disposable income
40.扩大内需，刺激消费
increase domestic demand and stimulate consumption
30.经济实力
economic strength

关于经济的常用词汇

关于经济的常用词汇经济是我们日常生活中经常提及的重要领域，无论是在工作中还是在社交场合中，我们都会遇到各种与经济有关的词汇。

熟悉并理解这些常用词汇对我们了解经济发展的趋势，参与经济活动，以及进行经济分析都至关重要。

本文将介绍一些关于经济的常用词汇。

一、宏观经济1. GDP（Gross Domestic Product）国内生产总值：衡量一个国家或地区经济活动价值的总和。

2. 通货膨胀（Inflation）：指货币供应量增加，导致商品价格普遍上涨的经济现象。

3. 通货紧缩（Deflation）：相对于通货膨胀，通货紧缩指商品价格普遍下降的经济现象。

4. 就业率（Employment Rate）：用于衡量某一地区或国家劳动力的就业状况。

5. 失业率（Unemployment Rate）：指劳动力市场中正在寻找工作但尚未找到的人数占劳动力总数的比例。

二、货币和金融1. 汇率（Exchange Rate）：表示一种货币可以按照指定比例兑换成另一种货币的汇率。

2. 利率（Interest Rate）：指金融机构借贷资金所收取的利息。

3. 货币政策（Monetary Policy）：由中央银行制定和实施，影响货币供应量、利率和金融市场的政策。

4. 资本市场（Capital Market）：指投资者购买和出售长期债务和股权工具的市场。

5. 银行保证金（Bank Reserve）：商业银行需要向中央银行存放一定比例的资金作为储备。

三、国际贸易1. 自由贸易（Free Trade）：指国家之间无限制地进行商品和服务的交易，并消除关税和其他贸易壁垒。

2. 关税（Tariff）：国家对进口货物征收的税费。

3. 贸易逆差（Trade Deficit）：指一个国家出口货物和服务额低于进口货物和服务额的差额。

4. 贸易顺差（Trade Surplus）：相对于贸易逆差，贸易顺差指一个国家出口货物和服务额高于进口货物和服务额的差额。

社会政治与经济类英语热点词块翻译（3）

社会政治与经济类英语热点词块翻译(3)EEarning 收益，收入，工资accumulated earnings 积累收益annual earnings 年收益earning assets 盈利资产earning capacity 盈利能力earning of capital 资本收益earnings after tax 税后收益earnings before interest and income tax (EBIT) 税前收益earnings per share (EPS) 每股平均收益earnings rate 收益率earnings ratio 收益率earnings target 收益目标gross earnings 毛利，毛收益real earnings 实际收益retained earnings 留存收益Economic 经济的economic analysis 经济分析economic and technical development zone 经济技术开发区economic base 经济基础economic community 经济共同体economic cooperation zone 经济协作区economic crisis 经济危机economic cycle 经济周期economic depression 经济萧条economic efficiency 经济效益economic entity 经济实体economic forecast 经济预测economic foundation 经济基础economic growth rate 经济增长率economic integration 经济一体化economic miracle 经济奇迹economic order 经济秩序economic policy 经济政策economic potential 经济潜力economic prospect 经济展望economic recovery 经济复苏economic sanctions 经济制裁economic situation 经济形势economic system 经济体制，经济制度economic value 经济价值East Asia Economic Rim 东亚经济圈Economics 经济学economics of industry 工业经济学economics of management 管理经济学economics of scale 规模经济学Economy 经济closed economy 闭关自守经济commodity economy 商品经济economy measure 经济手段economies of scale 规模经济market economy 市场经济mixed economy 混合经济planned economy 计划经济Effective 有效的，实际的effective exchange rate 实际汇率effective liability 实际负债Efficiency 效率，有效性efficiency in operation 经营效率Efficient 高效率的，有效的efficient market 有效市场efficient portfolio 高效率投资Eligible 合格的，合法的eligible bidders 合格的投标商eligible products 合格产品Emergency loan 紧急贷款Emerging 新兴的emerging industry 新兴产业emerging market economy 新兴市场经济emerging nation 新兴国家Employee 职员，雇员employee benefits 职工福利employee pensions 职工养老金employee retirement fund 职工退休基金employee stock ownership plan 职工持股计划employee’s association 职工联合会employee’s insurance fund 职工保险基金employees’ representative 职工代表employee’s rights 职工权力Employer 雇主employer’s association 雇主联合会Employment 就业，职业employment agency 职业介绍所employment application 就此申请employment certificate 就业证明employment contract 就业合同employment opportunities 就业机会full employment 充分就业Encourage 鼓励encourage investment 鼓励投资Endowment 养老金，捐赠endowment insurance 养老保险Energy 能源energy crisis 能源危机Enforcement 强制执行enforcement measure 强制措施Engineer 工程师Engineering 工程Enhance 加强，提高Enlarge 扩大enlarge the right of self-management 扩大自主权Entrepreneur 企业家Enterpreneurial 企业家的enterpreneurial courage 企业家的胆略enterpreneurial spirit 企业家精神Enterprise 企业backbone enterprise 骨干企业central enterprises 中央企业collectively-owned enterprises 集体企业combined enterprise 联合企业enterprise accounting 企业会计enterprise development fund 企业发展基金enterprise law 企业法enterprises’ management mechanisms 企业管理机制foreign-funded enterprises 外资企业large and medium-size enterprises 大中型企业local enterprises 地方企业modern enterprise system 现代企业制度money-lossing enterprises 亏损企业state-owned enterprises 国有企业township enterprises 乡镇企业Entertainment 娱乐，交际entertainment duty 筵席税，娱乐税Environment 环境environment protection 环境保护Equal 同等的，相同的equal employment opportunity 同等就业机会Equally competition 平等竟争Equipment 设备equipment leasing 设备租赁equipment trust bond 设备信托债券Equity 权益，股本，资产净值equity account 权益帐户equity capital 自有资本，股权资本equity capital transaction 产权资本转让equity capital turnover 产权资本周转率equity earnings 参股收益，股本盈利equity financing 产权筹资equity investment 股本投资equity market 权益市场equity ownership 资本所有权equity security 股票equity share 普通股票equity stock 股票，产权股票equity to assets ratio 权益对资产比率equity to debt ratio 权益对债务比率equity transaction 净值交易Establishment 建立establishment of socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济的建立Estate 不动产，房地产，财产，遗产estate tax 遗产税bankrupt’s estate 破产者财产Estimate 预算，估算estimate budget 概算Estimated 预计的，估计的estimated cost 估计成本estimated tax 估计税额Estimation 估计，鉴别European Currency Unit 欧洲货币单位European common market 欧洲共同市场European Monetary Unit 欧洲货币联盟Evaluation 估价，评价evaluation of performance 业绩评价evaluation principle 估价原则evaluation sheet 估价单Evaluator 评估员Even 公平的，偶数even bargain 公平交易even exchange 公平交换Evidence 证明，证据，证人evidence of title 所有权证明Examination 检查，审查examination of title 审查所有权Exceptional 例外的，特别的exceptional case 例外情况exceptional court 特别法院Excess 额外的，余额，超额excess profit 超额利润Excessive 过多的，过度的excessive growth 过度增长excessive inflation 过度通货膨胀excessive production capacity 过剩的生产能力excessive profit 超额利润Exchange 交换，交易exchange control 外汇控制free exchange rate 自由汇率stock exchange regulation 股票交易规定Exclusive 独家的，专营的exclusive agency 独家代理exclusive sale 专营，包销Executive 执行的executive board 董事会executive committee 执行委员会Exempt 豁免，免除exempt from taxation 免税exempt income 免税收入Expected 预期的expected capacity 预计生产能力expected earning 预期收益expected profit 预期利润expected return 语期收益Expenditure 支出，费用expenditure on capital account 资本帐户支出gross domestic expenditure 国内支出总额Expense 支出，费用depreciation expenses 折旧费entertainment expenses 交际费，招待费expense budget 费用概算expenses of bankruptcy proceedings 破产手续费research and development expenses 研究开发费travel expenses 差旅费Export 出口，输出export of capital 资本输出export subsidy 出口补贴export tax 出口税Extensive 粗放的extensive management 粗放经营External 外部的external debt 外债Extra 额外的extra cost 额外成本extra profit 额外收入FFace 表面，票面face amount of bond 债券票面金额face interest rate 债券票面利率face value of share 股票票面价值Facility 设施，设备，服务机构facility charge 设备费facility cost 设备成本Factor 要素，因子factor analysis 因素分析factor of production 生产要素Factory 工厂factory overhead 工厂费用Fail 丧失支付能力，破产Failure 破产，倒闭，失败，无支付能力debtor’s failure 债务人破产Fair 交易会，公平的，合理的fair and reasonable price 公平合理价格fair dealing 公平交易fair market competition 公平市场竟争fair market value 公平市场价格fair rate of profit 公平利润率fair rate of return 公平收益率fair trade registration 公平交易法规fair valuation 合理估价fair-price shop 平价商店FallFallingFalse 假的false account 假帐false bill 假单据false tax 瞒税Family 家庭，家族family business 家族企业family company 家族公司family economy 家庭经济family farm 家庭农场Famous 有名的famous-brand products 名牌产品Farm 农场farm population 农业人口farm surplus 剩余农产品Farmer 农民，农场主Farming 农业Favorable 有利的，赞成的favorable interest rate 优惠利率favorable trade balance 贸易顺差Feasibility study 可行性研究Federal 联邦的Federal Agency 联邦政府机构Federal Fund Rate 美国联邦基金利率federal income tax 联邦所得税Federal Reserve Board 联邦储备局Federal Trade Commission 联邦贸易委员会FIFO (first in first out) 先进先出Final 最后的final account 决算帐户final date 截止日期final dividend 期末股息final settlement 决算Finance 财政，金融finance company 财务公司，金融公司Financer 金融家Financial 财政的，金融的，财务的all-purpose financial statement 通用财务报表certified financial statement 经会计师证明的财务报表consolidated financial statement 合并财务报表Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计标准委员会financial advisor 财务顾问financial aid 财政补助financial budgeting 财务预算编制financial crisis 财政危机financial future 金融期货financial group 财团financial institution 金融机构financial lease 融资租赁financial leverage 财务杠杆financial market 金融市场financial position 财务状况financial statement 财务报表financial status 财务状况financial system 金融体系，金融制度financial year 财政年度non-bank financial instititions 非银行金融机构Financing 筹资，融资，提供资金bank financing 银行融资financing corporation 金融公司financing cost 融资成本financing mix’s risk and reward 融资组合的风险和回报Financially troubled company 财政遇到困难的公司Fire 解雇，火灾Firm 公司，企业，商号collective firm 合作企业private firm 非上市公司，私有企业state-owned firm 国有企业state-run firm 国有企业Fiscal 财务的，财政的fiacal burden 财政负担fiscal capital 金融资本fiscal fuction 财政功能fiscal measure 财政措施Fixed 固定的fixed assets accounting 固定资产核算fixed assets cost 固定资产成本fixed assets depreciation rate 固定资产折旧率fixed assets investment 固定资产投资fixed assets losses in suspense 待处理固定资产损失fixed assets ratio 固定资产比率fixed deposit 定期存款fixed exchange rate 固定汇率fixed mortgage 定期抵押，固定抵押fixed transfer price 固定转让价格investment in fixed assets 固定资产投资Flea market 跳蚤市场Flexible 弹性的，灵活的flexible budget 弹性预算flexible job system 弹性工作制度flexible working hours 弹性工作时间Floating 流动的floating assets 流动资产floating debt 短期债务，流动负债floating exchange rate 浮动汇率floating liability 流动负债floating rate of interest 浮动利率Flow 流动，流量flow of funds analysis 资金流转分析Fluctuation 波动，涨落economic fluctuation 经济波动fluctuation in exchange 汇率涨落Focus 专一化Forecast 预测Forecasting 预测Foreign 外国的foreign currency account 外汇帐户foreign currency balance 外汇平衡foreign exchange loss 外汇对换损失foreign exchange rate 汇率foreign exchange reserve 外汇储备foreign funded enterprise 外资企业foreign government loans 外国政府贷款Fortune 500 美国幸运杂志每年评出的全球500家最大企业Forward 未来的，期货forward buying 期货收购forward contract 期货合同forward dealing 期货交易forward market 期货市场forward exchange rate 远期汇率forward transaction 期货交易Fractional share 不足一股的零碎股票Free 自由的，免除的free competition 自由竟争free exchange rate 自由汇率free from debt 免除债务free from encumbrances 放弃债权free from taxes 免税free market economics 自由市场经济free port 自由港，免税港free on board 离岸价格free territory 免税区free trade zone 自由贸易区Friedman 佛里德曼Frozen 冻结的frozen account 冻结帐户frozen assets 冻结资产frozen capita 冻结资金frozen loan 冻结贷款frozen price 冻结价格frozen wage 冻结工资Full 全面的，完全的full costing 完全成本计算full employment 充分就业fullfaith and credit bond 市政信用债款Function 功能，职能，函数function of supervision 监督职能Functional 功能的，职能的functional authority 职权，职能functional department 职能部门functional organization 职能机构Fund 基金，专款benevolent fund 慈善基金fund accounting 基金会计fund assets 基金资产fund flow analysis 资金流量分析fund management 基金管理fund raising cost 筹资成本leverage fund 平衡基金，杠杆基金mutual fund 共同基金pension fund 养老基金trust fund 信贷基金Fundamental accounting equation 基本会计恒等式Futures 期货交易，远期交易dealings in futures 期货交易futures exchange 期货交易所futures market 期货市场futures price 期货价格GGain 获得，得到，收益gain or loss 损益Galloping inflation 恶性通货膨胀Gamble 投机，赌博gamble in stock 股票投机Gambler 投机商，赌徒Gap 间隙，间隔gap of wealth 贫富差距narrowing the gap between the rich and poor 缩小贫富差距General 总的，普通的General accepted accounting principles (GAAP)General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT) 关税贸易总协定general contractor 总承包商general expense 日常开支，一般费用general fund 普通基金general index 总指数general journal 普通日记帐general ledger 总帐，普通分类帐general obligation bond 一般义务债款Generalized preferential system （贸易）普遍优惠制Generation 一代人generation gap 代沟generation-skipping transfer 隔代资产转移Geographical 区域的，地理的geographical specialization 地区专业化Gift 礼品，赠与gift coupons 礼品卷gift tax 赠与税Gilt-edged bond 金边债券Glamor stock 热门股票Global 全球的，全面的，总的global economy 全球经济global society 国际社会Globalization 全球化economic globalization 经济全球化GNP 国民生产总值GNP at constant prices 按固定价格计算的国民生产总值GNP at market prices 按市场价格计算的国民生产总值Go public 股票上市Gold 黄金gold and foreign exchange reserves 黄金外汇储备gold bonds 黄金债券gold bullion market 黄金市场gold crisis 黄金危机Good title 有效所有权Goodwill 信誉Government 政府government agency 政府机构government bond 公债，政府债券government control 政府控制government directed 国家指导的government employee 政府雇员government enterprise 政府企业government intervention 政府干预government loan 政府贷款government official 政府官员government operated business 国营企业government property 政府财产government supervision 国家监督government transfer payment 政府转移支付Grace period 债务宽限期Graft 受贿，贪污Grant 专用拨款，赠款grant-in-aid for agriculture 农业财政拨款grant-in-aid fund 财政补贴基金Gross 毛重，总重，总额gross assets 总资产Gross Domestic Product(GDP) 国内生产总值Gross National Product(GNP) 国民生产总值Norminal GNP 名义GNPReal GNP 实际GNPgross margin 毛利gross profit 毛利润gross profit margin 毛利润率gross retail sales 零售总额Group 集团，团体，组group company 集团公司group of enterprises 企业集团Group of Seven (G-7) 七国集团Grouped by 按...划分grouped by ownership 按所有制划分grouped by sector 按行业划分Growth 增长growth funds 增长基金growth potential 增长潜力growth rate of earnings 收益增长率Guarantee 担保，保证Guaranteed 有保证的，有担保的guarenteed bond 有信用担保的债券guaranteed investment contract 担保投资合同guaranteed mortgage 担保抵押guaranteed security 担保证券Guaranty 保证金，保证Guide price 指导价Guidline 指导原则HHard 硬的hard currency area 硬通货地区hard money 硬通货，硬币Hardware 硬件hardware store 五金商店Head office 总行，总公司Headquarters 总部Health 健康health care 医疗health insurance 医疗保险Heavy 沉重的heavy debts 沉重的债务heavy industry 重工业heavy social burdens 沉重的社会负担Hidden 隐蔽的，隐藏的hidden assets 帐外资产，隐匿资产hidden inflation 隐性的通货膨胀hidden tax 隐蔽税High 高high added-value 高附加值high technology 高技术High yield bond funds 高收益债券基金high-efficiency 高效的high-quality 高质量的high-tech stock 高技术股票high-yield 高产的Higher bid 竟卖较高价格Highlight 重点Hire 雇，租Holder of stock 股票持有人Holding 持有，占有的holding bank 控股银行holding company 控股公司，母公司holding corporation 控股公司Horizontal 水平的，横向的horizontal acquisition 横向收购horizontal combination 横向合并，同行业合并horizontal integration 横向联合horizontal merger 横向兼并Hospital benefits 医疗福利费Housing 住房，住房建设housing add 住房补贴housing allowance 住房津贴housing distribution 住房分配housing reform 住房改革public housing funding system 住房公基金制度Human 人human capital 人力资本human relation 人际关系human resource 人力资源human rights 人权Hypothecary 抵押的hypothecary credit 抵押信贷hypothecary debt 抵押债务Hypothecated assets 抵押财产IIdle 闲置的idle capacity 闲置生产能力idle facility 闲置设备idle fixed assets 闲置固定资产idle fund 闲置资金idle production equipments 闲置生产设备Illegal 不合法的illegal dealings 非法交易illegal dividend 非法分红illegal income 不合法收入Illicit 非法的，禁止的illicit bankruptcy 违法的破产Image advertising 形象广告Impairment 亏损Imperfect 不完全的imperfect competition 不完全竟争imperfect market 不完全市场Import 进口，输入import of capital 资本输入import tax 进口税In line with 与...相一致in line with international practices 与国际贯例接轨Income 收入，收益gross income 收入总额income account 收益帐户income approach to fair market value 求得市场公平价格的收益法income before tax 税前收入income from investments 投资收益income gap 收入差距income property 收益财产income statement 收益表income tax law 所得税法income tax return 所得税申报表income to net worth ratio 净值收益率Inconvertible 不可转换的Incorporation 公司articles of incorporation 公司章程Increment tax 增值税Incumbrance 财产抵押权Index 指数，索引cost-of living index 生活费用指数index number of consumer price 消费品价格指数index number of stock price 股票价格指数index of social peogress 社会进步指数physical quality of life index 物质生活质量指数Indicator 指标Indirect 间接的indirect charge 间接费用indirect cost 间接成本Individual 单个的，个体的，单独的individual economy 个体经济individual enterprise 私人企业individual labour 个体劳动者individual operation 个体经营individual ownership 个体所有individual retirement account 个人退休金帐户Industrial policy 产业政策Industrial 工业的industrial revolution 产业革命Industrialization 工业化Industry 产业，行业aircraft industry 航空业automobile industry 汽车业banking industry 银行业basic industry 基础工业coal and mining industry 煤炭开采业construction industry 建筑业information industry 信息产业high-technology industry 高技术产业materials industry 材料业primary industry 第一产业secondary industry 第二产业service industry 服务业steel industry 钢铁业tertiary industry 第三产业transportation industry 交通运输业Inefficient operation 低效运营Inflation 通货膨胀inflation factor 通货膨胀因素inflation indexed security 通货膨胀指数债券inflation of credit 信用膨胀inflation rate 通货膨胀率Inflationary pressure 通货膨胀压力Information 信息information highway 信息高速公路information disclosure 信息披露information sources 信息资源infotmation system 信息系统Initial 初始的，最初的initial credit balance 初期贷方余额initial inventory 期初存货initial investment 期初投资initial public offering 股票首次公开上市initial stage 初级阶段Inland 内陆，国内，内地inland country 内陆国家inland industry 内陆工业inland provice 内陆省Innovation 革新Input 输入，投入input-output analysis 投入产出分析input-output model 投入产出模型input-output ratio 投入产出比率Inspection 检查，检验Installation expenses 安装费Instalment 分期付款Institute 研究所，学院，协会Institution 学会，协会，机构Institutional reform 体制改革，制度改革Insurance 保险credit insurance 信用保险insurance company 保险公司insurance coverage 保险范围insurance fund 保险基金insurance industry 保险业Intangible 无形的intangible assets 无形资产intangible capital 无形资本intangible property 无形财产Integration 企业合并，一体化integration of world economy 世界经济一体化Intellectual property rights 知识产权Intensive 集约的，精细的labour intensive industry 劳动密集型产业knowledge intensive industry 知识密集型产业Interest 利息，股利interest free deposit 无息存款interest free loan 无息贷款interest income 利息收益interest on principal 本息interest rate on deposits 存款利率interest rate risk 利率风险interest-rate cuts 利率下调interest-rate reductions 利率下调Intermediary 中间的intermediary agency 中介机构，中间机构intermediary bank 中介银行intermediary commerce 中介贸易intermediary market 中介市场Intermediate 中间的，半成品intermediate body 中介机构intermediate debt 中期负债intermediate term credit 中期信贷Internal 内部的internal audit 内部审计internal transfer price 内部转让价格internal-oriented economy 内向型经济internal rate of return(IRR) 内部收益率International 国际的international accounting standard 国际会计标准international balance of payment 国际收支差额international bidding 国际招标international bond market 国际债券市场international capital market 国际资本市场international competitive ability 国际竟争能力international corporation 跨国公司international credit 国际信贷international economic integration 国际经济一体化international economic order 国际经济秩序international finance center 国际金融中心international financial market 国际金融市场international loans 国际贷款International Monetary Fund(IMF) 国际货币基金组织international monotary crisis 国际货币外危机international multilateral loans 国际多边贷款Internationalization 国际化internationalization of capital 资本国际化production internationalization 生产国际化Intervention 干预intervention by government 政府干预market intervention 市场干预state intervention 国家干预Introduction 介绍，引进introduction of foreign capital 引进外资introduction of foreign technology 引进外国技术Inventory 库存inventory account 库存帐inventory cost 库存成本inventory loss 盘亏，库存损失inventory shortage and overage 盘亏与盘盈inventory ahortage and apoilage 盘亏与毁损inventory turnover 存货周转just in time inventory 即时库存Investment 投资investment abroad 国外投资investment and trust company 投资信托公司investment enviroment 投资环境investment fund 投资基金investment in capital construction 基本建设投资investment in enterprise 对企业投资investment in outside unit 对外单位投资investment in stock 投资股票investment intention 投资意向investment pool 联合投资组织investment portfolio 投资证券组合investment strategy 投资战略investment target selection criteria 投资目标选择标准Invisible 无形的，帐外的，未列帐的invisible assets 帐外资产invisible capital 无形资本invisible loss 无形损失Invitation 招标，招待，邀请invitation for bid 招标Invoice 发票Issue 发行，签发issue a loan 发放贷款issue at par 按票面发行issue at the market price 按市价发行issue of government bonds 发行公债JJob 职业工作job opportunity 就业机会job security 工作保障job shop 加工车间Jobless 失业jobless rate 失业率Joint 共同的，联合的joint administration 联合管理joint creditor 连带债权人joint debtor 连带债务人joint enterprise 合办企业joint liability 共同债务，连带责任joint property 共同财产joint stock 合资，合股joint stock company 股份公司joint stock system 股份制joint tanancy 合伙租赁l joint venture 合资企业l Journal 日记帐，杂志l cash receipts journal 现金收入帐l journal entries 分类帐l ledger type journal 分类日记帐l The Wll Street Journal 华尔街日报l Judgment 审判，判决Junk bond 拉圾债券Justified price 合理价格KKeeping expenses 保管费Key 钥匙，重点的，关键的basic industries and key industries 基础产业和关键产业key project 重点项目Keynes 凯恩斯Keynesian economics 凯恩斯经济学Knowledge intensive industry 知识密集产业LLabour 劳动力，人工labour cost 劳务成本，人工成本labour contract 劳动合同labour efficiency 劳动效率labour force 劳动力labour intensive products 劳动密集型产品labour intensive project 劳动密集型项目labour market 劳动力市场labour representative 工人代表labour trouble 劳资纠纷labour union 劳动工会Lack 缺乏lack of capital 缺乏资金lack of labor 劳动力缺乏Land 土地land contract 土地合同land development 土地开发land expropriation 土地征用land law 土地法land owner 土地所有者land registration 土地登记land rent 地租land tax 土地税Large-scale 大型的large-scale enterprise 大型企业large-scale industrial group 大型工业集团Last in first out 后进先出Latent 潜在的latent assts 潜在资产latent capital 潜在资本latent demand 潜在需求latent productive capacity 潜在生产能力Law 法律，法规administrative law 行政法articles of law 法律条款bankruptcy law 破产法company law 公司法law agent 法定代理人law of increasing costs 成本递增规律law of supply and demand 供需法则Lawful 合法的lawful money 法定货币lawful share 合法股份Lawsuit 法律诉讼Lawyer 律师Layoff 解雇Lay-offs 下岗人员Leader price 大户价，领导价Leading 领先的leading indicators 领先指标leading industr 领先行业leading share 主要股份Lease 租赁capital lease 资本租赁lease financing 租赁融资operating lease 经营融资Leased 租借的，租赁的leased assets 租赁资产leased equipment 租赁设备Leasehold 租赁营业leasehold mortgage 租借抵押leasehold property 租赁财产Leasing 租赁leasing assets 出租资产leasing company 租赁公司leasing industry 租赁业leasing trade 租赁贸易Least 最少，最小least developed counrty 最不发达国家least developed developing counrty 最不发达的发展中国家least square regression method 最小平方回归法Ledger 分类帐，总帐ledger account 分类帐户general ledger 总分类帐Legal 合法的，法定的legal act 法律行为legal assets 法定资产legal capital 法定资本legal document 法律文件legal entity 法人，法律实体legal force 法律效力legal form 法律形式legal holiday 法定假日legal investment 会法投资legal list 会法证券legal name 依法登记的名称legal obligation 法律责任legal owner 法定所有人legal person responsibility system 法人责任制legal possession 法定所有权legal property 法人财产legal representative 法定代理人legal right 法律权力legal rule 法律规定legal title 合法所有权Legislation 法规，立法Legislative 法制的，立法的legislative authority 立法权legialative body 立法机构legislative control 法律监督legislative series 法律汇编Lend 放款，贷款Lender 放款人，贷方，出租人Lending 贷款，借贷lending bank 贷款银行lending country 贷款国lending market 信贷市场lending rate 放款利率Less developed country 欠发达国家Letter 证书，信件letter of credit 信用证letter of intent 意向书letter of license 许可证letter of stock 未注册股票Leverage 杠杆作用，借贷机会Leveraged buy-out (LBO’s) 杠杆收购Leveraged lease 杠杆租赁Liability 负债，债务current liability 短期负债direct liability 直接债务fixed liability 长期负债liability account 负债帐户liability dividend 债务股利liability out of book 帐外负债License 许可证，执照license fee 许可证费Licensing system 许可证制度Life-cycle 寿命周期Limited 有限的limited competition 有限竟争limited liability company 有限责任公司limited partnership 有限合伙企业Line 直线，作业线production line 生产线Linear 线性的linear depreciation 线性折旧linear programming(LP) 线性规划linear regression 线性回归Liquid 流动的，流体的liquid assets 流动资产liquid ratio 流动比率Liquidate 清算liquidated account 清算帐户liquidated obligation 已偿清的债务Liquidation 清算，偿还liquidation of debts 清偿债务liquidation value 清算价值Liquidity 流动性，流动资金liquidity ratio 流动比率,偿债能力比Listed 上市的，登录的listed bond 上市债券listed company 上市公司listed security 上市证券listed stock 上市股票Litigation 诉讼Living 生活的living cost 生活费living standard 生活标准Loan 贷款，借贷，借款loan bank 贷款银行loan capital 借贷资本loan financing 贷款筹措loan fund 贷款基金loan guarantee 贷款担保loan interest 贷款利息loan receivable 应收贷款loan-deposit ratio 贷款存款比率Local 地方的，本地的local authority 地方当局local court 地方法院local government 地方政府local government at various levels 各级地方政府local tax 地方税Long-lived assets 长期资产Long-term 长期的long-term assets 长期资产long-term contract 长期合同long-term debts 长期债务long-term investment 长期投资long-term liability 长期负债long-term stability 长期稳定Loosening tight monetary policy 放松紧缩的货币政策Loss 损失，亏损consolidated loss 合并亏损loss and gain 损益loss money 亏本loss of assets 资产损失loss-making 亏损Lowest bid 最低报价MMachine 机械，机器Machinery 机械，机器Macro 宏观，巨大的macro approach 宏观方法macro analysis 宏观分析macro forecast 宏观预测Macroeconomic 宏观经济的macroeconomic analysis 宏观经济分析macroeconomic decision 宏观经济决策macroeconomic model 宏观经济模型macroecnomic phenomenon 宏观经济现象macroeconomic policy 宏观经济政策Maintain 保持maintain a balance between receipts and payments 保持收支平衡maintain monetary stability 保持货币稳定Maintenance 维修，保养maintenance and repair 维护和修理maintenance cost 维修成本maintenance funds 维修基金maintenance of value 保值Major 重点的，主要的major industries 主要行业major project 重点工程major repair depreciation expenses 大修折旧费major repair fund 大修基金Majority 大多数majority required 规定多数majority shareholding 占有多数股权majority statutory 法定多数majority of votes 表决多数，投票过半数Make 制造，定价，使成为make a deal 成交make money 赚钱make profit 获利Man 人man day 人天man hour 人时man month 人月man year 人年Manage 管理，经营Managrd 管理的，经营的Management 管理central management 集中管理enterprise’s management 企业管理management accounting 管理会计management by objectives (MBO) 目标管理management decision 管理决策management function 管理职能management qualitymanagement information system 管理信息系统personnel management 人事管理Manager 经理，管理人员，经营者accounting manager 会计主管assistant general manager 助理，副总经理general manager 总经理Managerial 管理的managerial decision-making process 管理决策程序managerial economics 管理经济学managerial know-how 管理专门知识Manpower 劳动力manpower market 劳动力市场manpower resource 人力资源Manufacture 制造，制品Manufactured 已加工好的，已制成的manufactured inventory 产成品库存Manufacturing 生产的，制造的manufacturing cost 生产成本manufacturing expenses 制造费用manufacturing industry 制造业manufacturing right 生产权Margin 毛利，边际，定金margin account 保证金帐户margin of profit 边际利润margins desired 期望的毛利Marginal 边际的marginal revenue 边际收益marginal utility 边际效用Market 市场bear market 股票市场的熊市bond market 证券市场bull market 股票市场的牛市capital market 资本市场emerging market economic 新兴市场经济majority market economic 成熟市场经济market abroad 海外市场market analysis 市场分析market approach to fair market value 求得公平市场价值的市场法market competition 市场竟争market demand price 市场需求价格market development 市场开发market economy country 市场经济国家market factor 市场因素market forecast 市场预测market index 市场指数market information 市场信息market investigation 市场调查market potential 市场潜力market quotation 市场行情market replacement cost 市场重置成本market research 市场调查，市场研究market risk 市场风险market share 市场份额，市场占有率market value method 市价法market-oriented 面向市场的market-to-cost method 市价成本法property right market 产权市场seller’s market 卖方市场social market economy 社会主义市场经济stock market 股票市场Marketing 营销，市场销售marketing channel 销售渠道，市场渠道marketing cost 销售成本marketing manager 市场销售经理markrting strategy 市场经营战略marketing system 市场体系relationship marketing 关系营销Mass production 大规模生产Matching 配比Material 原材料material account 材料帐户material cost 材料成本material stock 材料库存Matrix 矩阵matrix analysis 矩阵分析matrix equation 矩阵方程matrix organization 矩阵组织结构Mature 到期的，成熟的mature market economy 成熟的市场经济。

财经类词汇翻译

一、财经类词汇1.扶贫工作poverty alleviation work2.海洋经济the marine economy3.主体功能区战略main functional regions4.区域协调发展balanced development between regions5.现代产业体系the modern industrial system6.产业核心竞争力the core competitiveness of industries7.社会主义现代化建设socialist modernization drive8.扩大内需战略the policy of boosting domestic demand9.农业现代化rural modernization10.综合国力comprehensive/overall national strength11.混合所有制经济the economic sector of mixed ownership12.大企业集团conglomerate13.保税区tax-free zone/ bonded area/ the low-tax14.做大经济蛋糕make the economic pie bigger15.裙带经济crony economy16.做假账falsified accounts17.预算外资金extra budgetary funds18.逃税tax evasion19.骗税tax fraud20.税务抵免tax credit21.焦土政策scorched-Earth plan22.金砖国家BRICS countries23.经济刺激方案economic stimulus bill24.经济封锁economic blockade25.经济复苏economic resurgence26.经济特区SEZ=special economic zone27.经济一体化economic integration28.直辖市municipality29.经贸摩擦economic and trade frictions30.会计电算化accounting computerization31.离岸价格free on board32.贸易顺差/逆差trade surplus/deficit33.市场疲软sluggish market34.市场准入market access35.试点计划pilot programme36.售后服务after-sale services37.人头税poll tax38.弹性预算discretionary budget39.通商口岸trading port40.限购property-purchasing limitations41.闲散基金scattered founds42.印花税stamp duty/tax43.消费税consumer price index44.中外合资企业Sino- foreign joint venture45.注册资本registered capital46.边际效益marginal benefit47.补偿贸易compensatory trade48.次区域合作sub-regional cooperation49.垂直贸易vertical trade50.非关税壁垒non-tariff trade barriers51.反倾销措施anti-dumping measures52.产粮大省granary province53.反倾销税countervailing duty54.服务外包service outsourcing55.风险投资venture capita/risk investment56.不锈钢stainless steel57.软实力和巧实力soft power and smart power58.品牌定位brand positioning59.清产核资asset and capital verification60.假冒伪劣商品counterfeit and substandard products61.农业特产税taxes on special agricultural products62.价格听证会public price hearings63.价格弹性price elasticity64.技术依托technical backstopping65.技术有偿转让transfer of technology with compensation66.灰色收入grey income67.灰色经济grey economy68.积压产品overstocked commodities69.回头客returned customer70.货币回笼withdrawl of currency from circulation71.货币留成制度currency retention scheme72.既得利益集团vested interest groups73.活期存款利率demand deposit interest rate74.上市公司listed companies75.货币操纵国currency manipulator二、缩略语1.香港廉政专员署ICAC=independent commission against corruption2.伦敦国际金融期货和期权交易所LIFFE=London International FinancialFutures and Options Exchange3.中国人民解放军PLA =People's Liberation Army4.国家航空航天局NASA=National Aeronautics and Space Administration5.欧洲安全与合作组织OSCE=Organization Security and Cooperation in Europe6.非营利性组织NPO=Not-for-Profit Organization7.国家物价局SACP=State Association of Community Prices8.英中了解协会SACU=Society for Anglo-Chinese Understanding。

经济类英语专业词汇汇总

经济类英语专业词汇汇总1. GDP (Gross Domestic Product) - 国内生产总值2. Inflation - 通货膨胀3. Deflation - 通货紧缩4. Unemployment rate - 失业率5. Consumer Price Index (CPI) - 居民消费价格指数6. Interest rate - 利率7. Exchange rate - 汇率8. Balance of trade - 贸易差额9. Stock market - 股市10. Bond market - 债券市场11. Fiscal policy - 财政政策12. Monetary policy - 货币政策13. Supply and demand - 供求关系14. Economic growth - 经济增长15. Recession - 经济衰退16. Depression - 经济萧条17. Entrepreneurship - 创业精神18. Capitalism - 资本主义19. Socialism - 社会主义20. Market economy - 市场经济21. Planned economy - 计划经济22. Globalization - 全球化23. Tariff - 关税24. Subsidy - 补贴25. Monopoly - 垄断26. Oligopoly - 寡头垄断27. Economic inequality - 经济不平等28. Economic development - 经济发展29. Foreign direct investment (FDI) - 外商直接投资30. Macroeconomics - 宏观经济学31. Microeconomics - 微观经济学32. Economic indicators - 经济指标34. Net exports - 净出口35. Gross profit - 毛利润36. Free trade - 自由贸易37. Market equilibrium - 市场均衡38. Demand curve - 需求曲线39. Supply curve - 供给曲线。

经济术语及翻译

绝对优势：Absolute advantage无政府主义者：Anarchists套利机会: Arbitrage opportunity以物易物：Barter黑市：Black market债券：Bond举债/入不敷出：Borrowing 、dissaving预算赤字：Budget deficits经济周期：Business cycle/ boom-bust cycle 可赎回债券：Callable bonds资本消耗：Capital consumption资本品：Capital goods资本主义：Capitalism抵押物：Collateral计划经济：Command economic比较优势：Comparative advantage竞争：Competition互补品：Compiements消费品与服务：Comsumergoods and services 消费价格指数：Comsumer pricei ndex公司股票：Corporate stock腐败：Corruption反周期政策：Countercyclical policies信用卡：credit card信用记录：Credit history信用额度：credit limit信用风险：Credit risk信用中介：Credit intermediary信用评分：Credit score挤出效应：Crowding out信用交易：Credit Transaction贬值：Debasement违约：Default拖欠债务：Delinquencies需求：Demand需求曲线：Demand curve需求表：Demand schedule储户：Depreciation折旧：Depreciation直接交换：Direct exchange折现：Discount非均衡：Disequilibrium股息：Dividend劳动分工：Division of labor禁毒：Druge prohibition经济民主：Economic democracy经济问题：Economic problem规模经济：Economic of scale企业家：entrepreneur均衡：Equilibrium汇率：Exchang rate预期：Expectations开支：Expenses出口：Exports债券的票面价值：Face value of a bond美联储：Federal Reserve法定货币：Fiat money固定费用：Fixed costs流量：Flow variable上市：Going public累进所得税：Graduated income tax毛利：Gross profit通货膨胀：Inflation首次公开募股：Initial public offering制度：Institution利息：Interest利率风险：Interest rate risk干预主义：Interventionism投资：Investment发行债券：Issuing debt发行股票：issuing stock凯恩斯主义经济学：Keynesian economics 劳动力：Labor需求定理：law of demand供给定理：law of supply宏观经济：macro-economics货币通胀：Monetary Inflation货币利润：Monetary profit货币亏损：Monetary loss按揭:Mortgage国债：National debt净利润：Net profit偏好：Preferences最高限价：Price ceiling价格管制：Price controls最低限价：Price floor价格通胀：Price Inflation价格支持：price support私有财产权：Private property。

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经济社会类词汇保险业 The i nsurance i ndustry保证重点支出 Ensure f unding f or p riority a reas被兼并或挤掉 annexed o r f orced o ut o f b usiness补发拖欠的养老金 Clear u p p ension p ayments i n a rrears不良贷款 Non—performing l oan层层转包和违法分保 Multi-‐level c ontracting a nd i llegal s ubcontracting产值 output v alue城乡信用社 Credit C ooperative i n b oth u rban a nd r ural a reas城镇居民最低生活保障 A m inimum s tandard o f l iving f or c ity r esidents城镇职工医疗保险制度 The s ystem o f m edical i nsurance f or u rban w orkers抽样调查 data f rom t he s ample s urvey出口信贷 Export c redit初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。

to e stablish a t a p reliminary l evel a n ewsystem o f s ocialist p lanned c ommodity e conomy.贷款质量 Loan q uality贷款质量五级分类办法 The f ive-‐category a ssets c lassification f or b ank l oans第二产业 secondary i ndustry第三产业 tertiary i ndustry第一产业 primary i ndustry独资企业 wholly f oreign o wned/funded e nterprise发电量 electric e nergy p roduction发挥市场的调节作用 to g ive p lay t o t he r egulatory r ole o f t he m arket发展过快 excessive g rowth防范和化解金融风险 Take p recautions a gainst a nd r educe f inancial r isks防洪工程 Flood-‐prevention p roject非法外汇交易 Illegal f oreign e xchange t ransaction非公有成分 non-‐public s ectors非贸易收汇 Foreign e xchange e arnings t hrough n on t rade c hannels非银行金融机构 Non-‐bank f inancial i nstitutions费改税 Transform a dministrative f ees i nto t axes分配形式 forms o f d istribution风险资金 risk f unds副业 sideline p roduction改革是"社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展"。

Reform i s "the s elf-‐perfection a ndself-‐development o f t he s ocialist s ystem."改革重点转移到城市 the f ocus o f r eform i s s hifted t o t he c ities改善经济环境 improve e conomic e nvironment搞活企业 invigorate/ r evitalize/ r ejuvenate e nterprises各尽所能，按劳/需分配。

from e ach a ccording t o h is a bility, t o e ach a ccordingto h is w ork/needs.跟踪审计 Follow-‐up a uditing工程监理制度 The m onitoring s ystem f or p rojects公有制 public o wnership鼓励 give i ncentive t o管理不善 poor m anagement国际收支 international b alance o f p ayments国家保障国有经济的巩固和发展。

The s tate e nsures t he c onsolidation a nd g rowthof t he s tate e conomy.国家的根本任务是，集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设 The b asic t ask o f t he n ationis t o c oncentrate i ts e fforts o n s ocialist m odernization.国民生产总值 GNP (Gross N ational P roduct)国内生产总值 GDP (Gross D omestic P roduct)国有经济，即社会主义全民所有制经济，是国民经济中的主导力量。

The s tate e conomyis t he s ector o f s ocialist e conomy u nder o wnership b y t he w hole p eople; i t i sthe l eading f orce i n t he n ational e conomy.国有资产安全 The s afety o f s tate-‐owned a ssets过度开垦 Excess r eclamation合同管理制度 The c ontract s ystem f or g overning p rojects合资企业 joint v enture合作企业 cooperative e nterprise和平演变 peaceful e volution宏观控制 exercise m acro-‐control机电产品 Electromechanical p roducts积极的财政政策 Pro-‐active f iscal p olicy基本生活费 Basic a llowances基石 cornerstone计划经济和市场调节相结合的机制 a mechanism that combines planned economy and market r egulation家庭联产责任承包制 family-‐contract r esponsibility s ystem结售汇制度 The s ystem o f e xchange s ettlement a nd s ales解除劳动关系 Sever l abor r elations解放生产力 liberate/unshackle/release t he p roductive f orces金融监管责任制 The r esponsibility s ystem f or f inancial s upervision经济安全 Economic s ecurity经济和法律的杠杆 economic a nd l egal l everages经济计划和市场调节相结合 to c ombine e conomic p lanning w ith m arket r egulation经济结构改革。

reform i n e conomic s tructure经营机制 operative m echanism精华、精粹、实质 quintessence举措 move靠扩大财政赤字搞建设 To i ncrease t he d eficit t o s pend m ore o n d evelopment扣除物价上涨部分 price i ncrease a re d educted (excluded)扩大国内需求 The e xpansion o f d omestic d emand拉动经济增长 Fuel e conomic g rowth厉行节约，反对浪费 to p ractice s trict e conomy a nd c ombat w aste粮食仓库 Grain d epot粮食收储企业 Grain C ollection a nd s torage e nterprise粮食收购资金实行封闭运行 Closed o peration o f g rain p urchase f unds粮食销售市场 Grain s ales m arket劣质工程 Shoddy e ngineering林业 forestry零售 retail流通制度 circulation s ystem乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款 Arbitrary c harges, f und-‐raising, q uotas a nd f ines农业 farming骗汇、逃汇、套汇 Obtain f oreign c urrency u nder f alse p retenses, n ot t urn o verforeign c urrency o wed t o t he g overnment a nd i llegal a rbitrage取消国家对农产品的统购统销 to c ancel t he s tate's m onopoly o n t he p urchase a ndmarketing o f a gricultural p roducts全民所有制 ownership b y t he e ntire/whole p eople全体会议 plenary s ession人均国民生产总值 per c apita G NP人均收入 per c apita i ncome融资渠道 Financing c hannels善于接受的 receptive商品经济 commodity e conomy商业信贷原则 The p rinciples f or c ommercial c redit社会保险机构 Social s ecurity i nstitution生产关系 relations o f p roduction生产力 productive f orces生产资料 means o f p roduction生活资料 means o f l ivelihood/subsistence剩余劳动力。

翻译常用经济社会类词汇总结

社会政治和经济类热点词汇翻译总结

（完整版）常见翻译词汇（专题篇）

经济类英语专业词汇汇总

英语中常见的商务和经济词汇有哪些

MBA翻译 重点词

口译经济常用词汇

MBA翻译重点词汇总结(齐辙)

catti 单词本

社会发展英语词汇大全了解社会发展现象的关键词

经济英语词汇大全掌握经济领域的专业术语

口译笔译分类词汇-经济金融词汇

英语笔译常用词汇3-经济

关于经济的常用词汇

社会政治与经济类英语热点词块翻译（3）

财经类词汇翻译

经济类英语专业词汇汇总

经济术语 及翻译

MBA翻译重点词

经济术语及翻译