2005-2010中石油职称英语考试真题词汇汇编

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2005-2013中石油职称英语考试真题翻译汇编

05Translation (20 points)The chemical industry depends very heavily on petroleum and natural gas as sources of raw materials. It is likely that in excess of 80% of the literally thousands of different basic organic chemicals employed today are derived from these sources.The petrochemical industry has grown with the petroleum industry. As is the case with the latest trends in changing crude oil types, it must also evolve to meet changing technological and humanitarian needs.The manufacture of chemicals from petroleum and natural gas constituents is an excellent example of the conversion of such materials to more valuable products. The individual chemicals made from petroleum and natural gas numerous and include industrial chemicals, household chemicals and paints, as well as intermediates for the manufacture of products, such as synthetic rubber and plastics. The processing of petroleum hydrocarbon to yield materials that are, essentially, the building blocks of other chemicals industries, is now very extensive.The classification of materials such as petrochemicals is used to indicate the source of the chemical compounds, but it should be remembered that many common petrochemicals can be made form other sources, and the terminology is therefore a matter of source identification., Petrochemicals are generally chemical compounds derived from petroleum either by direct manufacture or by indirect manufacture as by-products from the variety of processes that are used during the refining of petroleum. Gasoline, fuel oils, lubricating oils, waxes, asphalts, and the like are excluded from the definition of petrochemicals, since they are not, in the true sense, chemical compounds but are in fact intimate mixtures of hydrocarbons.B级The chemical industry depends very heavily on petroleum and natural gas as sources of raw materials. It is likely that in excess of 80% of the literally thousands of different basic organic chemicals employed today are derived from these sources.The petrochemical industry has grown with the petroleum industry. As is the case with the latest trends in changing crude oil types, it must also evolve to meet changing technological and humanitarian needs.The manufacture of chemicals from petroleum and natural gas constituents is an excellent example of the conversion of such materials to more valuable products. The individual chemicals made from petroleum and natural gas numerous and include industrial chemicals, household chemicals and paints, as well as intermediates for the manufacture of products, such as synthetic rubber and plastics. The processing of petroleum hydrocarbon to yield materials that are, essentially, the building blocks of other chemicals industries, is now very extensive.06IV. Translation（2004版32课Energy in Transition）Supplying energy in 1970 required the harvesting, processing and combustion of some three billion metric tons of coal, some 17 billion barrels of oil, more than a trillion cubic meters of natural gas and perhaps two billion cubic meters of fuel wood. It entailed the use of dirty coal as well as clean; undersea oil as well as terrestrial; deep gas as well as shallow; mediocre hydroelectric sites as well as good ones; and deforestation as well as sustainable fuel wood harvesting.Except for the huge pool of oil underlying the Middle East, the cheapest oil and gas are already gone. Some scientists believe there is a lot more to be found. But even if a few more giant oil fieldsare discovered, they will make little differe nce, against consumption on today’s scale. Oil and gas will have to come increasingly as imports from countries with very unstable economic conditions.There are a variety of other energy resources that are more abundant than oil and gas. Coal, solar energy, wind energy, and fission and fusion fuels are the most important ones. But they all require elaborate and expensive transformation into electricity or liquid fuels in order to meet society’s need None has very good prospects for delivering large qu antities of electricity at costs comparable to those of the cheap coal-fired and hydropower plants of the 1960’s. It appears, then, that expensive energy is a permanent condition, even without allowing for its environmental costs. 71~Except for the huge pool of oil underlying the Middle East,/the cheapest oil and gas arc alrcaci5 gone. Some scientists believe there is a lot more to be found. But even if a few more giant oil fields are discovered, they will make little difference against consumption on today’s scale. Oil and gas will have to come increasingly as imports from countries with very unstable economic conditions.There are a variety of other energy resources that are more abundant than oil and gas. Coal, solar energy, wind energy, and fission and fusion fuels are the most important ones. But they all require elaborate and expensive transformation into electricity or liquid fuels in order to meet society’s need. They may never be capable of delivering large quantities of electricity at cos ts comparable to those of the cheap coal-fired and hydropower plants of the 1960’s. It appears, then, that expensive energy is a permanent condition, even without allowing for its environmental costs.译文：70年能源供应需要开采、加工和燃烧大约30亿公吨的煤和褐煤，大约170亿桶的石油，一万多亿立方米的天然气和大约20亿立方米的木柴。

中石油职称英语词汇

中石油职称英语词汇中石油职称英语词汇是指与中国石油公司职称相关的英语词汇。

作为中国最大的石油和化工企业，中国石油公司拥有众多的职称，涵盖了各个职能部门和岗位。

掌握中石油职称英语词汇对于从事石油行业的人员来说，是一种必备的能力。

以下是一些与中石油职称相关的英语词汇：1. Petroleum Engineer（石油工程师）: A professional who specializes in the exploration, extraction, and production of oil and gas.2. Geologist（地质学家）: A scientist who studies the origin, history, and structure of the Earth's crust, with a focus on identifying potential oil and gas reservoirs.3. Reservoir Engineer（油藏工程师）: A specialist in the evaluation and management of oil and gas reservoirs, including optimizing production methods and estimating reserves.4. Drilling Engineer（钻井工程师）: An expert in planning and overseeing the drilling of oil and gas wells, ensuring safe and efficient operations.5. Production Engineer（生产工程师）: A professional responsible for optimizing oil and gas production processes, including managing equipment and troubleshooting production issues.6. Pipeline Engineer（管道工程师）: An engineer who designs, constructs, and maintains pipelines for transporting oil and gas over long distances.7. Refinery Operator（炼油厂操作员）: A technician responsible for operating and maintaining equipment in oil refineries, ensuring the efficient conversion of crude oil into various petroleum products.8. Safety Inspector（安全检查员）: A professional who conducts inspections and audits to ensure compliance with safety regulations and procedures in the oil and gas industry.9. Environmental Specialist（环境专家）: An expert in environmental regulations and practices, responsible for assessing and mitigating the environmental impact of oil and gas operations.10. Project Manager（项目经理）: A professional who oversees the planning, execution, and control of oil and gas projects, ensuring they are completed on time and within budget.11. Finance Analyst（财务分析师）: An expert in financial analysis and planning, responsible for evaluating the financial performance of oil and gas projects and providing recommendations for improvement.以上只是中石油职称英语词汇中的一部分，涵盖了石油行业的各个方面。

职称英语词汇汇总(中石油职称英语考试复习)

职称英语词汇汇总1．abide by (=be faithful to; obey) 忠于；遵守2．be absent from.... 缺席，不在3．absence or mind (=being absent-minded) 心不在焉4．absorb (=take up the attention of) 吸引……的注意力（被动语态）；be absorbed in 全神注贯注于……近；be engrossed in; be lost in; be rapt in; be concentrated on; be focused on; be centered on5．(be) abundant in (be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于，富有6．access(to) （不可数名词）能接近，进入，了解7．by accident (=by chance, accidentally) 偶然地，意外。

Without accident (=safely) 安全地8．of one’s own accord ( =without being asked; willingly; freely) 自愿地，主动地9．in accord with 与……一致out of one’s accord with 同……不一致10．with one accord (=with everybody agreeing) 一致地11．in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照，根据12．on one’s own account1）为了某人的缘故，为了某人自己的利益2）(=at one’s own risk) 自行负责3）(=by oneself) 依靠自己on account 赊账；on account of 因为；on no account 不论什么原因也不；of ……account 有……重要性。

中石油职称英语考试历年真题

中石油职称英语精华资料汇总2005-2010中石油职称英语真题词汇汇编2005I.Vocabulary(20points)1.Within days he became paralyzed,and people feared that he might die.But he_________.a.absorbedb.dissolvedc.discoveredd.recovered2.Tilden,the other presidential______,actually received more votes.a.advocateb.candidatec.sponsord.opponent3.An Olympic runner wins a_______.a.medalb.modelc.modled.modest4.To find out how the bees managed to tell time,an unusual experimentwas_______four years ago.a.carried onb.carried awayc.carried outd.carried out5.Every society has its own peculiar custom and_____of acting.a.waysb.behaviorc.attituded.means6.They______their knowledge in the exploding world of ideas.a.modernizeb.supplyc.updated.upgrade7.I should like to rent a house,modern,comfortable and______in aquiet neighborhood.a.all in allb.above allc.after all d over all8.It’s difficult to divine what constitutes an______tip in any country.a.appropriateb.thoughtfulc.considerabled.sufficient9.Shipbuilders would not_____their money unless they knew that they could make a profit.a.investb.invent d.involve d.invite10.At the end of four years,these six extra hours of each year____ twenty-four hours,or one full day.a.add up tob.make up fore up withd.put up with11.Don’t______this news to the public until we give you the go-head.a.releaseb.relievec.related.retain12.Earth is one of nine planets which______around the sun.a.spinb.rollc.rotated.revolve13.“No sense in you getting us both killed!”I yelled_____him.a.atb.withc.tod.out14.What you have done is______doctor’s orders.a.attached tob.responsible toc.resistant tod.contrary to15.I want to express the_____of all of us,for this wonderfully warm welcome.a.appreciationb.enjoyment d.evaluation d.reputation16.We hire and______people mainly for their ability to do business.a.proceedb.progressc.promised.promote17.According to government mandate in the Lion City,tipping is not ______.a.admittedb.remittedc.permittedd.emitted18.The environmental costs were regarded more as temporary inconveniences than as_____liability.a.imaginativeb.peculiarc.persistentd.original19.Scientists predict that the world’s known oil resources will_____ early in the next century.a.run offb.run outc.run upd.run over20.Now a person works for a certain amount of money_____he can pay for food and clothing.a.in caseb.so thatc.as tod.such as06I.Vocabulary1.They remained full of hope and determination______their repeated failures.大纲6--8A.in spite ofB.instead ofC.in search ofD.because of2.People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their cars,and this______creates further problems.大纲3--9A.in turnB.in caseC.after allD.in time3.The football player is hoping to______to another club.大纲4--2A.transferB.transmitC.transformD.transport4.I wish my son would stop______and do something realistic.大纲5--12A.hanging onB.hanging on toC.hanging aboutD.hanging up5.He was______by the external examiner.04版－7课A.feltB.loseC.failedD.defeated6.A trap is one of the five essential______for a commercial accumulation of oil or gas.04版－20课A.acquisitiveB.quietC.acquaintancesD. requisites7.The Saudis are also afraid that releasing too much oil could prompt a sudden price______.04版－50 A.deposit B.crash C.dump D.collapse8.The largest______ever to attend a soccer match was at the World Cup final on July16,1950.（04－44） A.crowd B. swarm C.herd D.flock9.If you travel______,you see new customs,eat new foods,do new things,and come back home with a broader mind.04版－21A.aboardB.abroadC.overseaD. domestic10.The special education class contained the slow learners,those with______or mental disabilities,or those whose behavior made it hard for them to learn.04版－31A.physicalB.practicalC.naturalD.behavior11.By one______,almost one billion people watched the1982championship game on television.04－44 A.guess B.estimate C.predict D.expect12.Petrochemicals are generally chemical______derived frompetroleum.04版－46poundsplexbinedplicated13.American pencil makers______their product by the millions.04版－40A.turn outB.turn downC.make ofD.make out14.Washington Roebling was a cripple______he lived.04版－60A.as soon asB.as long asC.as much asD.as far as15.The Buick driver,a former convict,had been______from theOklahoma county jail only a week before.04版－54A.relaxedB.releasedC.relayedD.relieved16.Lincoln pulled Grigsby off,raised him shoulder high and threw him aside______he were a sack of meal.04版－25A.even thoughB.just becauseC.now thatD.as though17.Gene technology is already being used in a______of fields.04版－42A.varietyB.variousC.variantD.scarcity18.The oil under the surface of the earth______in the distant past.04版－45A.manufacturedB.generatedC.originatedD. estimated19.The costs may be so high that no company will______the work,04版－45A.undergoB.underweightC.understandD. undertake20.If President Jackson______of a paper,he would write“all correct”on it.04版－59A.consentedB.admittedC.approvedD. agreed07I.VocabularyDirections:There are20incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.1.Your speech class will give you an opportunity to____confidence.A.rewardB.winC.gainD.earn分析：翻译：你的演讲课会给你一次获得信心的机会。

中石油职称英语词汇讲义

中石油系统职称英语词汇讲义中石油职称英语词汇讲义VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Practice 1（2012年真题）1. Being able to save and accumulate wealth is not automatic.A. considerateB. considerableC. consciousD. careful2. Wonderful of nature are all around us.A. appearanceB. experienceC. phenomenaD. philosophy3. The whole county with little red hearts on Valentine’s Day.A. breaks inB. breaks intoC. breaks offD. breaks out4. If I were the president of a university I should a compulsory course in “How to Use Your Eyes”.A. escapeB. establishC. estateD. elapse5. The statement that oil originated in the sea is by a glance at a map showing the chief oilfield of the world.A. confinedB. confessedC. conformedD. confirmed6. Almost 70 percent of all non-food purchases in supermarkets are generated by in-store .A. decidedB. decisiveC. decideD. decisions7. I believe that truth and justice are to an enduring social order.A. fundamentalB. fountainC. formationD. friction8. Some of these “upside down” airmail stamps are now over $6,000.A. worthyB. worthedC. worthD. worthwhile9. The early pioneers had to many hardships to settle on the new land.A. go intoB. go along withC. go back onD. go through10. Remember that customers don't about prices in that city.A. disputeB. bargainC. consultD. discuss11. Difficulties and hardships have the best qualities of the young geologist.A. brought aboutB. brought inC. brought upD. brought out12. Do you know where the pictures on money ?A. resulted fromB. removed fromC. came fromD. fell from13. I often about how quickly time flies.A. complainB. complaintC. compileD. conceive14. I'm with computer programs that correct spelling through the use of built-in dictionaries.A. commonB. familiarC. knownD. friendly15. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death from heart disease than non-smoking males.A. rateB. priceC. speedD. degree16. With winter here you can these skirts till you need them again next summer.A. get rid ofB. give awayC. do away withD. put away17. The good service at the hotel the poor food to some extent.A. made forB. made outC. made up forD. mad use of18. Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply .A. appliedB. appreciatedC. approvedD. appealed19. Inflation is the first problem that the new government will have to .A. revolveB. graspC. seizeD. tackle20. Few people who of high school will be rich.A. run downB. check inC. drop outD. check outPractice 2（2009年真题）1. The Chinese nation has significantly to the progress of human civilization.A. relatedB. contributedC. ownedD. attached2. The bees out of their hive.A. flockedB. swarmedC. packedD. crowded3. The school cannot give much practical training in living, because most of the students' time is spent in classes, studying lessons.A. normalB. ordinaryC. regularD. commonly4. He showed me how to turn on the lights and the air-conditioner.A. adjustB. adoptC. treatD. remedy5. I was exhausted when I reached home, and I flung myself down on the front steps to .A. discoverB. recoverC. dissolveD. retreat6. Travel and were changed when the steamship was invented.A. transportationB. traditionC. transmissionD. transformation7. Mr. Smith finally lost his and fouled Lincoln by grinding his foot with a boot heel.A. mindB. temperC. moodD. passion8. Ants don't carry calendars around with them, but they show amazingaccuracy the day of the year.A. in caseB. such asC. so thatD. as to9. Schlesinger's task was to meld all headquarters, field, and staff programs into a unified department.A. initialB. initiativeC. initiateD. initiation10. all we have learned from space flights, the moon is still a riddle from the distant past.A. In stead ofB. In spite ofC. In search ofD. Because of11. The first step is to your problem and go to work on it.A. recognizeB. revengeC. recollectD. receive12. I into the dark, sure that I would finally reach the hospital.A. work outB. set outC. make outD. put out13. Smoking also the heart and blood vessels.A. inclinesB. affectsC. effectsD. surplus14. I believe in the worth of the individual and in his right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.A. superiorB. surplusC. supremeD. suppress15. By November 1973 oil supplies were critically low, creating the most shortages of energy since World War II.A. rigidB. acuteC. denseD. urgent16. There is one suggestion that the footsteps of crowds walking the streets in major cities could energy.A. assembleB. gatherC. generateD. yield17. I am unable to what he is saying.A. concentrate onB. concentrate inC. finish withD. finish off18. America's early were attracted by the fertile land and varied climates it offered for farming.A. settlersB. inherentsC. residentsD. lodgers19. The U.S., generally acknowledged to be a step Britain on biofuel, has an estimated 600 stations that offer E85 (a fuel made of 85 percent bioethanol).A. in excess ofB. in advanceC. ahead ofD. in front of20. Your speech class will make your nervousness work for you against you.A. other thanB. rather thanC. more thanD. less thanPractice 3（2010年真题）1. It is possible to predict how much energy and water a building willconsume, how much _______ will be needed.A. matterB. thingsC. materialD. substance2. They found that the positive thinkers sold 37 percent more insurance than did the_______ thinkers.A. negativeB. positiveC. activeD. passive3. In labs around the world, bad bugs are undergoing the ultimate rehabilitation, being _______ from life-threatening viruses and bacteria into lifesaving therapeutic agents.A. translatedB. transportedC. transformedD. transmitted4. The fresh air is sometimes humid from the _______rainfall of this area.A. numerousB. abundantC. plentyD. substantive5. We know that many animals _______ the deep seas at pressures of 15,000 pounds per square inch.A. live onB. live inC. live throughD. live up to6. Speakers and writers of the Germanic languages _______for a great deal of the world's output in everything from economics to literature to military to science and technology.A. accountB. allowC. applyD. arrange7. _______of the great state of Illinois, let me express my deepest gratitude for the privilege of addressing this convention.A. On accountB. In honorC. In placeD. On behalf8. The companies that are finding ways to hang on to their older workers _______ from an intangible commodity: wisdom.A. obtainB. earnC. developD. benefit9. I raced to_______ Jill.A. keep onB. keep up withC. come up withD. come up to10. Managers need to monitor inflation trends so they can make good _______.A. decisiveB. decisionsC. decideD. decided11. Fluency can be _______ defined as "being able to communicate ideas without having to stop and think too much about what one is saying."A. simpleB. simplyC. similarD. simplify12. The number of vehicles has been steadily increasing. _______, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide that exceed legally established limits.A. ContinuouslyB. ConsequentlyC. ConstantlyD. Consistently13. A(An) _______ is better than the text and may make the point clear.A. interpretationB. representationC. illustrationD. draw14. Some of the world's best mountain _______ is available within the 500-kilometer long chain of the Southern Alps.A. sceneB. sceneryC. scarceD. scare15. After a through research, the police __ most of the missing jewels.A. retreatedB. refreshedC. recoveredD. reminded16. A gold-rated building is estimated to have reduced its environmental impact by 50% compared with a(an) __ conventional building.A. equivalentB. alikeC. uniformD. likely17. When pessimists __ in their first attempt, they usually say, "I can't do this."A. feelB. failC. defeatD. lost18. Six years __ before she got another note from Teddy.A. went intoB. went aroundC. went byD. went on19. The company owns a large number of _______ stores.A. exportB. bargainC. retailD. trade20. The cost of self-education has fallen with the multitude of sources of knowledge and information _______ on CD-ROMs and the Internet.A. preferableB. readyC. availableD. considerablePractice 4（课文重点句子练习）1. Your speech class will give you an opportunity to _ _ confidence.A. rewardB. winC. gainD. earn2. Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only marginally reduce, not eliminate the_ _.A. inconveniencesB. hazardsC. harmoniesD. hatreds3. New environmental taxes on cars, gasoline, and wood products were_ _.A. reposedB. imposedC. importedD. exposed4. Many students find that if they try to speak fast, they make more mistakes. So, how do we balance __ and fluency in spoken English?A. accuracyB. emergencyC. frequencyD. efficiency5. Unfortunately war __ in the Middle East on October 6, 1973.A. broke outB. broke offC. broke throughD. broke away6. Anyone who refuses too often to listen to the other side of a question risks becoming __ minded.A. thinB. narrowC. thickD. sorrow7. __ is the mother of invention.A. NegligibleB. NeedlessC. NecessityD. Necessarily8. With an area of approximately 255,212 square miles, __ to 661,000 squarekilometers, Alberta is the fourth largest province in Canada.A. alikeB. likelyC. equivalentD. uniform9. A complete refining installation must include all necessary__.A. facultiesB. fragmentsC. facilitiesD. fairly10. As life is full of strife and __, we need friends to support and help us out of difficulties.A. confirmB. conflictC. conformationD. confinement11. My mother has lived __ since my father died 20 years ago.A. singleB. aloneC. soleD. lonely12. Let us start a long march together on different roads __ the same goal.A. referring toB. turning toC. belonging toD. leading to13. Today three out of four Americans __ towns, cities or suburbs.A. live throughB. live inC. live up toD. live on14. Geologists, __ some nongeologists, believe that knowledge of the concepts of geology can help to find petroleum.A. in reply toB. in contrast toC. in proportion toD. in relation to15. Americans __ a lot of alcohol in the form of cocktails.A. consumeB. swallowC. disposeD. exhaust16. The __ in Alberta is pleasant, particularly in summer.A. climateB. weatherC. seasonD. space17. Love makes the world__.A. go byB. go forC. go afterD. go around18. Washington was __ by French architect Pierre L'Enfant in the late 18th century.A. laid downB. laid outC. laid asideD. laid off19. __ all of your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality.A. In honor ofB. In place ofC. On behalf ofD. On account of20. We feel we are happiest when we __ and exchange ideas with one another.A. chartB. chatterC. chaseD. chatPractice 5（课文重点句子练习）1. They remained full of hope and determination ______ their repeated failures.A. in spite ofB. instead ofC. in search ofD. because of2. People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their cars, and this______ creates further problems.A. in turnB. in caseC. after allD. in time3. The football player is hoping to ______ to another club.A. transferB. transmitC. transformD. transport4. I wish my son would stop ______ and do something realistic.A. hanging onB. hanging on toC. hanging aboutD. hanging up5. He was ______ by the external examiner.A. feltB. loseC. failedD. defeated6. A trap is one of the five essential ______ for a commercial accumulation of oil or gas.A. acquisitiveB. quietC. acquaintancesD. requisites7. The Saudis are also afraid that releasing too much oil could prompt asudden price ______.A. depositB. crashC. dumpD. collapse8. The largest ______ever to attend a soccer match was at the World Cup finalon July 16, 1950.A. crowdB. swarmC. herdD. flock9. If you travel ______ , you see new customs, eat new foods, do new things,and come back home with a broader mind.A. aboardB. abroadC. overseaD. domestic10. The special education class contained the slow learners, those with ______ or mental disabilities, or those whose behavior made it hard for them to learn.A. physicalB. practicalC. naturalD. behavior11. By one ______, almost one billion people watched the 1982 championshipgame on television.A. guessB. estimateC. predictD. expect12. Petrochemicals are generally chemical ______ derived from petroleum.A. compoundsB. complexC. combinedD. complicated13. American pencil makers ______ their product by the millions.A. turn outB. turn downC. make ofD. make out14. Washington Roebling was a cripple ______ he lived.A. as soon asB. as long asC. as much asD. as far as15. The Buick driver, a former convict, had been ______ from the Oklahomacounty jail only a week before.A. relaxedB. releasedC. relayedD. relieved16. Lincoln pulled Grigsby off, raised him shoulder high and threw him aside______ he were a sack of meal.A. even thoughB. just becauseC. now thatD. as though17. Gene technology is already being used in a ______ of fields.A. varietyB. variousC. variantD. scarcity18. The oil under the surface of the earth ______ in the distant past.A. manufacturedB. generatedC. originatedD. estimated19. The costs may be so high that no company will ______ the work.A. undergoB. underweightC. understandD. undertake20. If President Jackson ______ of a paper, he would write “all correct” on it.A. consentedB. admittedC. approvedD. agreedPractice 6（课文重点句子练习）1. Within days he became paralyzed, and people feared that he mightdie. But he _________.A. absorbedB. dissolvedC. discoveredD. recovered2. Tilden, the other presidential ______, actually received more votes.A. advocateB. candidateC. sponsorD. opponent3. An Olympic runner wins a _______.A. medalB. modelC. modleD. modest4. To find out how the bees managed to tell time, an unusual experiment was _______ four years ago.A. carried onB. carried awayC. carried outD. carried out5. Every society has its own peculiar custom and _____ of acting.A. waysB. behaviorC. attitudeD. means6. They ______ their knowledge in the exploding world of ideas.A. modernizeB. supplyC. updateD. upgrade7. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and ______ in a quiet neighborhood.A. all in allB. above allC. after all D over all8. It’s difficult to divine what constitutes an ______ tip in any country.A. appropriateB. thoughtfulC. considerableD. sufficient9. Shipbuilders would not _____ their money unless they knew that they could make a profit.A. investB. inventC. involveD. invite10. At the end of four years, these six extra hours of each year ____ twenty-four hours, or one full day.A. add up toB. make up forC. come up withD. put up with11. Don’t ______ this news to the public until we give you the go-head.A. releaseB. relieveC. relateD. retain12. Earth is one of nine planets which ______ around the sun.A. spinB. rollC. rotateD. revolve13. “No sense in you getting us both killed!” I yelled _____ him.A. atB. withC. toD. out14. What you have done is ______ doctor’s orders.A. attached toB. responsible toC. resistant toD. contrary to15. I want to express the _____ of all of us, for this wonderfully warm welcome.A. appreciationB. enjoymentC. evaluationD. reputation16. We hire and ______ people mainly for their ability to do business.A. proceedB. progressC. promiseD. promote17. According to government mandate in the Lion City, tipping is not ______.A. admittedB. remittedC. permittedD. emitted18. The environmental costs were regarded more as temporary inconveniences than as _____ liability.A. imaginativeB. peculiarC. persistentD. original19. Scientists predict that the world’s known oil resources will _____ early in the next century.A. run offB. run outC. run upD. run over20. Now a person works for a certain amount of money _____ he can pay for food and clothing.A. in caseB. so thatC. as toD. such as参考答案12345678910 Practice 1B C D B D D A C D B Practice 2B B B A B A B D A B Practice 3C A C B B A D D B B Practice 4C B B A A B C C C B Practice 5B A A C C D D A B A Practice 6D B A C A C B A A A11121314151617181920 Practice 1A C A B A D C B D C Practice 2A B B C B C A A C B Practice 3B B C B C A B C C CPractice 4B D B B A A D B C D Practice 5B A A B B D A C D C Practice 6A D A D A D C C B B。

中石油职称英语试题及答案完整版

中石油职称英语试题及答案完整版2008年中石油职称英语试题及答案完整版(试卷类型 24)英语, 中石油, 试题, 试卷, 职称英语, 中石油, 试题, 试卷, 职称英语水平考试试卷类型:24答卷注意事项1、请各位考生拿到试卷以后首先检查试卷类型(在本页右上角)是否和自己的准考证号末两位一致，如不一致请立即要求监考教师更换，否则将影响成绩。

2、本次考试包括试卷一和试卷二，考试时间为9:00-11:00。

试卷一为客观选择题，在标准答题卡上用2B铅笔将所选答案划出。

试卷二为翻译题，将译文写在答题纸上，填上单位、姓名、准考证号、考场号、考点，以备核对总分。

3、试卷一为标准化考试，所有答案必须在标准化答题卡上划出，若答在试卷上不予评分，后果自负。

4、在填写被准话答题卡时应注意:1)在填写“姓名、单位、准考证号”等栏目时，应用钢笔或圆珠笔。

在填涂准考证号时，一律用2B铅笔划横线。

注意准考证号不要漏涂或涂错，否则客观题部分将无成绩，责任由考生自负。

2)试卷一答题时一律用2B铅笔，若用钢笔或圆珠笔答题均无效，请按答题卡上“正确填涂”的示范划横线，横线长度和宽度以方框为准，若划“?、?、,、,”等符号均为无效。

3)答题卡四角应保持平整，不应折角或皱卷，以免影响阅卷机工作。

4)如需更改答案时，应先用橡皮擦净后，再划线答题。

5、试卷二为翻译试题，请根据参加考试的级别选择一段翻译。

一律用钢笔或圆珠笔答在答题纸上。

字迹应尽量工整，用字规范，以免影响阅卷。

6、考场内考生只允许带2B铅笔、橡皮、尺子、钢笔或圆珠笔，其他词典、书本、资料和电子词典、BP机、手机、掌上电脑等工具一律不准带入场内。

7、遵守考场纪律，不得有交头接耳、左顾右盼、抄带纸条等作弊行为，一经发现，立即清除出场，并由人事部门严肃处理。

2008试卷一I. VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentencethere are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the ONE answerthat bestcompletes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. Being able to save and accumulatewealth is not automatic.A. considerateB. considerableC. consciousD. careful2. Wonderfulof nature are all around us.A. appearanceB. experienceC. phenomenaD. philosophy3. The whole countyw ith little red hearts on Valentine’s Day.A. breaks inB. breaks intoC. breaks offD. breaks out4. If I were the president of a university I should a compulsory course in “How to Use Your Eyes”.A. escapeB. establishC. estateD. elapse5. The statement that oil originated in the sea is by a glance at a map showing thechief oilfield of the world.A. confinedB. confessedC. conformedD. confirmed6. Almost 70 percent of all non-food purchases in supermarkets are generated byin-store .A. decidedB. decisiveC. decideD. decisions7. I believe that truth and justice areto an enduring social order.A. fundamentalB. fountainC. formationD. friction8. Some of these “upside down” airmail stamps are nowover $6,000.A. worthyB. worthedC. worthD. worthwhile9. The early pioneers had tomany hardships to settle on the new land.A. go intoB. go along withC. go back onD. go through10. Remember that customers don't about prices in that city.A. disputeB. bargainC. consultD. discuss11. Difficulties and hardships have the best qualities of the young geologist.A. brought aboutB. brought inC. brought upD. brought out12. Do you know where the pictures on money?A. resulted fromB. removed fromC. came fromD. fell from13. I oftenabout how quickly time flies.A. complainB. complaintC. compileD. conceive14. I'm with computer programs that correct spelling through the use of built-indictionaries.A. commonB. familiarC. knownD. friendly15. Male cigarette smokers have a higher deathfrom heart disease than non-smoking males.A. rateB. priceC. speedD. degree16. With winter here you canthese skirts till you need them again next summer.A. get rid ofB. give awayC. do away withD. put away17. The good service at the hotel the poor food to some extent.A. made forB. made outC. made up forD. mad use of18. Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply .A. appliedB. appreciatedC. approvedD. appealed19. Inflation is the first problem that the new government will have to .A. revolveB. graspC. seizeD. tackle20. Few people whoof high school will be rich.A. run downB. check inC. drop outD. check outII. Grammatical Structure Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence thereare four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completesthe sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. 21. The young receptionist doesn't permitin the exhibition center.A. smokingB. to smokeC. smokeD. to have smoked22. I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.A. whatB. whomC. thatD. which23. More than two thousands work in this refinery.A. RussiasB. RussianC. RussiansD Russia24. The ancient Egyptians believed all illnesses were related towas eaten.A. whatB. whichC. itD. that25. If all the continents and mountains were bulldozed fiat, the earthby water more than 12,000 feet deep.A. could have been coveredB. might had been coveredC. is coveredD. would be covered26. Since 1939, numerous scientific studies to determine whether smoking is a health hazard.A. have been conductedB. are conductedC. is conductedD. being conducted27. All the money , we started looking for work.A. has been spentB. have been spentC. being spentD. having been spent28. One main branch of sea science, , holds enormous unanswered questions.A. physical oceanographyB. is physical oceanographyC. called physical oceanographyD. what is physical oceanography29. Ancrowd is awaiting the arrival of the famed statesman.A. exciteB. excitedlyC. excitedD. exciting30. Therea lot ofon the roads yesterday.A. were...trafficB. was...trafficC. were...trafficsD. was...traffics31. China and America are separated by .A. Pacific OceanB. a Pacific OceanC. the Pacific OceanD. Pacific Oceans32.to completely cut off its oil supply, it would badly damage its own economy.A. If Iran wasB. Was IranC. If Iran isD. Were Iran33.in 1943the harmful smog made its appearance in Los Angeles.A. Only...thatB. It was...thenC. That it was...whenD. It was...that34. The population of Beijing is three times that of Qingdao.A. so large asB. as large toC. as large asD. as larger than35. Hehis office for there was no one to answer the phone.A. must have leftB. must leaveC. may have leftD. can have left36. Jane's family couldn't agree on where to spend vacation.A. hisB. herC. itsD. their37. I will leave him a notehe will know where we are.A. so thatB. thatC. in orderD. in case38. The teacher thinks that Tomfor the accident and instead we should try to comfort him.A. doesn't blameB. is to blameC. isn't to blameD. isn't blamed39. When I pulled into her driveway, she by the door with her coat on.A. is waitingB. was waitingC. waitsD. waited40. The clerk asked Robeylater in the day.A. returningB. to returnC. returnD. to be returnedIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by4questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on theAnswer Sheet.Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:One of the most interesting paradoxes in America today is that Harvard University,the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, is now engaged in a serious debate about what a university should be, and whether it is measuring up.Like the Roman Catholic Church and other ancient institutions, it is asking—still inprivate rather than in public—whether its past assumptions about faculty, authority,admissions, courses of study, are really relevant to the problems of the 1990's.Should Harvard—or any other university—be an intellectual sanctuary, apart from thepolitical and social revolution of the age, or should it be a laboratory for experimentation with these political and social revolutions; or even an engine of the revolution? This is what is being discussed privately in the big clapboard houses offaculty members around the Harvard Yard.The issue was defined by Waiter Lippmann, a distinguished Harvard graduate, severalyears ago.“If the universities are to do their work," he said, "they must be independent and theymust be disinterested...They are places to which men can turn for judgmentswhich are unbiased by partisanship and special interest. Obviously, the moment theuniversities fall under political control, or under the control of private interests, or the moment they themselves take a hand in politics and the leadership of government,their value as independent and disinterested sources of judgment is impaired...”This is part of the argument that is going on at Harvard today. Another part is the argument of the militant and even many moderate students: that a university is thekeeper of our ideals and morals, and should not be “disinterested” but activist inbringing the nation's ideals and actions together.Harvard's men of today seem more troubled and less sure about personal, political and academic purpose than they did at the beginning. They are not even clear about how they should debate and resolve their problems, but they are struggling with them privately, and how they come out is bound to influence American universities andpolitical life in the 1990's.41. The issues in the debate on Harvard's goals are whether the universities shouldremain independent of our society and its problems, and whether they should .A. overcome the widespread drug dependencyB. take an active part in solving society's illsC. fight militarismD. support our old and established institutions42. The word “paradox” in paragraph 1 is .A. an abnormal conditionB. a parenthetical expressionC. a difficult puzzleD. a self-contradiction43. The word “sanctuary” in paragraph 3 is .A. a temple or nunnery of middle ageB. a certain place you can hide in and avoid mishapsC. a holy place dedicated to a certain godD. an academy for intelligent people44. In the author's judgment, the ferment going on at Harvard .A. will soon be over, because times are bound to changeB. is of interest mostly to Harvard men and their friendsC. will influence future life in AmericaD. is a sad symbol of our general bewildermentQuestions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:Scientists now believe that many, if not all, living things are born with some type of hidden clock. These clocks are sometimes set by the number of hours of light ordarkness in a day, by the rhythm of the tides or by the seasons.One of the most remarkable of nature's living clocks belongs to the fiddler crab, that familiar beach-dweller with tile overgrown claw. Biologists have long known that the crab's shell is darkest during the day, grows pale in late afternoon, then begins todarken again at daybreak. This daytime darkening is valuable for protection against enemies and sunlight, and for many years it was thought to be a simple response by the crab to the sun--just as if we were to get a tan during the day and lose it at night.But when an enterprising scientist placed a fiddler crab in darkness, be was amazed to find that the color of the crab's shell kept tickingoff the time with the same accuracy.Yet another startling fact was revealed: the crab's shell reachedthe darkest color about 50 minutes later each day. There was a second clock inside the crab, for the tides also occur 50 minutes later fromday to day. Moreover, even when the crabs were taken from the beach and put back in the dark, they continued their tidal rhythm.More research disclosed that a crab from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, reached itsdarkest color four hours earlier than the one taken from a beach ona neighboring island. The tides on the nearby island were found to be exactly four hours later thanthe Cape Cod tides.Ants don't carry calendars around with them any more than fiddler crabs possess real wrist watches. But ants show amazing accuracy as tothe day of the year. Each year, an ant nest sends out winged, young queens on mating flights. Hundreds of them mayfly out of a single nest in the soil. Last summer, at the crest of my mountain, I watched an ant city prepare to send forth its young queens. At the precise moment that they took wing, a colony of the same species that my wife was watching near the bottom of the mountain, also sent its queen on a wedding flight. There was, of course, no way could the two colonies have checked take off time with each other.Entomologist Albro T. Gaul once jotted down in his notebook that a particular the same time! This split-second timing is not always the rule. However, most flights takeplace within a definite period of time.Birds also have built-in timepieces which send them off on fall and spring migrations. What the birds really have is a clock like mechanism which allows them to time hoursof darkness or light in each day.But what sends birds northward again in the spring? New research by Dr. Albert Wdifson of Northwestern University seems to indicate that the timing of return flight is extraordinarily complex. In the fall of the year the short days and long nights causethe "clocks" in migratory birds to undergo a kind of "winding" in preparation for their spring return and breeding. Then during the late fall and winter as the clock "ticks", certain physiological changes occur in the bird. The length of each day during thewinter determines how fast the clock will run, and hence when the "alarm" will ring for the spring migration. The clock continues to run through breeding time, thenstops—to be re-wound again the next fall.45. The alarm clock that determines the activity of certain living things is governedby ____.A. hours of daylightB. the time of day in their native environmentsC. the moonD. something we don't understand completely46. The fiddler crab seems to darken his color according to ____.A. time of sunriseB. its backgroundC. amount of daylightD. time of tides47. The reported activity of the ant colony occurred in relation to ____.A. the position of the sunB. the day of the yearC. the temperatureD. the geographical location48. What controls the migration of birds seems to be ____.A. dark, cloudy days and bright, sunny daysB. direction of migrationC. time between sunrise and sunsetD. breeding habitsQuestions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:Medicine comes in many forms. In its liquid form, medicine affects the body very quickly. But the effects of liquid medicine aren't usually long lasting. That is whypills and capsules are also used.The pills and capsules being sold today aren't perfect, either.Pills dissolve in the stomach. The medicine in the pills is released when the pills dissolve. But often, thepills dissolve too quickly.Scientists have been trying to develop a pill that can release medicine slowly over along period of time. They have applied their knowledge of plants to produce the“osmotic (渗透的) pump pill”.The cell walls of plants are made of cellulose (纤维素). Celluloseis a very poroussubstance. There are millions of tiny holes, or pores, in the cellulose walls of plants.These holes are big enough to allow water through the cell walls. As water enters a cell, pressure builds up in the cell. The pressure pumps other substances out of the cell. These substances leave the cell through the cellulose wall. This slow, steadyprocess is called osmosis.The osmotic pump pill is coated with synthetic cellulose. Liquid medicine is contained in the pill. The holes in the cellulose coating ofthe pill are big enough to allow water in the pill. As water from the body enters the pill, pressure builds up andthe medicine is then slowly pumped out of the pill.49. The passage implies that the osmotic pump pill is better than other pills andcapsules because____.A. it releases medicine slowly over a long period of timeB. the coating doesn't dissolve in the stomachC. the medicine in the pill can affect the body quicklyD. it helps to build pressure in the body50. The way that the osmotic pump pill works is based on a process called ____.A. celluloseB. osmosisC. pressureD. synthesis51. The passage implies that medicine in an osmotic pump pill will leave the pillwhen ____.A. the pill is swallowedB. the cellulose coating is dissolvedC. enough pressure builds up in the pillD. the medicine is dissolved with water from the body52. The passage implies that cellulose is a very porous substance because it contains____.A. millions of tiny holesB. a substance that dissolves itC. a substance that creates pressureD. liquid medicineQuestions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The pricesystem of the United States is a very complex network composed ofthe prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services,including labor, professional transportation, and public-utility services. Theinterrelationships of all these prices make up the "system" of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices inwhich everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals todefine "price", many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words, that price is the money value of a product orservice as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiarwith not only the money amount, but also with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that supply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms return privileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total "package" being exchanged for the asked amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.53. According to the passage, the price system is related primarily to ____.A. labor and educationB. transportation and insuranceC. utilities and repairsD. products and services54. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a factor in completeunderstanding of price?A. Instructions that come with a product.B. The quantity of a product.C. The quality of a product.D. Warranties that cover a product.55. In the last sentence of the passage, the word "they" refers to____.A. return privilegesB. all the factorsC. buyer and sellerD. money56. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses ____.A. unusual ways to advertise productsB. types of payment plans for serviceC. theories about how products affect different levels of societyD. how certain elements of a price "package" influence its market value2007中石油职称英语考试试题(含答案及分析)英语, 中石油, 试题, 职称, 考试英语, 中石油, 试题, 职称, 考试声明:这是友人所答～错误之处请见谅试卷类型:17I. VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choicesmarked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answeron the Answer Sheet.1. Your speech class will give you an opportunity to __ confidence.A. rewardB. winC. gainD. earn答案为C分析:翻译:你的演讲课会给你一次获得信心的机会。

2005-2010中石油职称英语考试真题完形汇编(附答案)

Cloze (10 points)Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They ______ that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the _______ man. But they insisted that its ______ results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the _______of the English population. _______ contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650-1750, when England was still a _______ agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.This view, _____ , is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists _______ history and economics, have ______ two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was _______ by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace (平民).61. a. admitted b. believed c. claimed d. predicted62 a. plain b. average c. mean d. normal63. momentary b. prompt c. instant d. immediate64. bulk b. host c. gross d. magnitude65. In b. With c. For d. By66. a. broadly b. thoroughly c. generally d. completely67. a. however b. meanwhile c. therefore d. moreover68. a. at b. in c. about d. for69. a. manifested b. approved c. shown d. speculated70. a. noted b. impressed c. labeled d. marked05年参考答案：61-65 BBDAA 66-70 DABBASection BDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Foreign visitors to England often ask 61 for a good restaurant but when their hosts suggest one to them, it is usually Italian or French or Indian - in short, 62 English. The truth is that English people enjoy their own cooking at home but are often ashamed of it in public. Even the experts who write articles on food 63 to use the French word “cuisine”, which suggests that “cooking” is inferior.In fact, English cooking is not 64 as people think. The trouble with it, in my opinion, is that the most appetizing typical dishes do not go with wine. At home, English people usually drink either water or beer or even (strange as it may seem) tea with their meals; in restaurants they sometimes think they had better order wine for the 65 of appearances.66 a number of exclusive restaurants in Britain are trying to develop a “national cuisine”. But their main criterion 67 appears to be to search 68 in ancient cookery books and give the results names like “Mutton Winchester” - it’s amazing how snobbery survives in the imitation French name, with the objective after the noun. Why couldn’t they have called it “Winchester Mutton”? At 69 of the scale, there are restaurants in London where you can have regional working-class specialties. Personally I would rather avoid the two extremes and go to a pub. Most pubs serve food that goes well with beer and, 70, who could ask for anything better?61. A. advices to people B. advices peopleC. people for adviceD. people advices62. A. anything not B. anything butC. nothing exceptD. nothing but63. A. like better B. are in favourC. would ratherD. prefer64. A. so much bad B. worseC. the worstD. nearly so bad65. A. good B. reasonC. needD. sake66. A. In this moment B. In this timeC. PresentlyD. At present67. A. at doing that B. by doing like thisC. on doing thusD. in doing so68. A. recipes B. receiptsC. for receiptsD. for recipes69. A. another end B. another sideC. the other endD. the other side70. A. being English beer what it isB. English beer being what is itC. being English beer what is itD. English beer being what it is06年参考答案：61-65 CBDCD 66-70 DDDCDSection BDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.“Cambridge" has been described as the loveliest city in England. It is the seat of one of the two oldest universities of the British Isles. The first 6l came in 1209 from Oxford, but it was not 62 1284 that the first college, Peterhouse, was founded. 63 colleges founded in the14th, 15th and 16th 64 . Then no more were founded until the 19th century 65 new colleges 66 two for women. The 20th century has 67 more new colleges, and some of the old ones have become 68 (that is, they admit men and women).Perhaps the finest single building in the city is King's College Chapel built between 1446 and 1515 in "late perpendicular" style. Also not to be missed are the Backs, the loveliest grounds next to the River Cam, behind some of the colleges. Cambridge people, who are often a bit 69 that Oxford is 70 more ancient, sometimes say "the backs at Cambridge are better than the fronts of Oxford!"61. A. scholars B. university C. name D. family62. A. during B. before C. in D. until63. A. More B. Less C. Some D. Other64. A. decades B. centuries C. tents D. anniversary65. A. then B. some C. and D. when66. A. took B. concluded C. included D. excluded67. A. witnessed B. see C. build D. founded68. A. constitutional B. ultimate C. frivolous D. co-educational69. A. interested B. embarrassed C. dismayed D. annoyed70. A. measurably B. slightly C. little D. bit07年参考答案：61-65 BDABB 66-70 CDDCBSection BDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.In1772, Goethe went as a young lawyer to Wetzlar, where he fell in love with the fiancte of his close friend Kestner. 61 he returned to Frankfurt and later discovered that Kestner had killed himself. These events formed the 62 of his beautiful novel The Sorrows of Young Werther, which is the most important literary work of the early romantic period.In 1786, Goethe 63 Italy, and this had a strong 64 on his work, 65 him to 66 his earlier romantic style with the classic ideas to Greece and Rome.His masterpiece, “Faust”, published in 1831, was the67 of 50 years of work. It is the greatest dramatic poem in the German language.Goethe died at Weimar in 1832. These days, his 68 as one of Europe's most famous poets is stronger than 69 . And the town Frankfurt is always 70 with his name throughout the world.61. A. Mournfully B. Happily C. Deceived D. Broken-hearted62. A. greatness B. condition C. basis D. reasons63. A. went B. arrived C. toured D. came64. A. resultant B. gear C. modify D. influence65. A. permitted B. allowing C. making D. convincing66. A. associate B. connect C. combine D. develop67. A. result B. consequence C. ending D. product68. A. reproach B. remainder C. reputation D. latter69. A. forehead B. ever C. usual D. others70. A. associated B. joined C. resulted D. connected08年参考答案：61-65 DCCDB 66-70 CDCBDSection BDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, comprise the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words_ 61_ which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we learn, that is to say, from the _62_ of our own family and from our familiar associates, and which we should know and use _63_ we could not read or write. They concern the common things of life, and are the stock-in-trade(惯用言辞) of all who _64_ the language. Such words may be called "popular", since they belong to the people _65_ and are not the exclusive possession of a limited class.On the other hand, our language includes a multitude of words which are comparatively_66_ used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little _67_ to use them at home or in the market-place. Our first acquaintance with them comes not from out mother's lips or from the talk of our school-mates, _68_ from books that we read, lectures that we hear, or the more formal conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular _69 _in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual level of everyday life. Such words are called "learned", and the _70_ between them and the "popular" words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process.61. A. at B. through C. with D. by62. A. relatives B. members C. mates D. fellows63. A. in spite of B. even C. despite D. even if64. A. say B. practice C. apply D. speak65. A. in public B. at most C. at best D. at large66. A. frequently B. seldom C. irregularly D. much67. A. occasion B. prospect C. way D. reason68. A. besides B. but C. and D. or69. A. theme B. problem C. topic D. question70. a. comparison B. contrast C. distinction D. similarity09年参考答案：61-65 CBDDA 66-70 BABCCSection BDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Land pollution involves many kinds of wastes. For many years, all wastes were dumped 61 sanitary (卫生的) landfills. Sanitary landfills are large pits where garbage is buried under layers of dirt. When hazardous wastes are put in these landfills, toxic (有毒的) substances can seep into the groundwater and enter the food chain. Hazardous wastes are those kinds of wastes that are 62 or dangerous to the environment. They can be poisonous, corrosive (腐蚀性的), flammable, explosive, or radioactive (放射性的). They can pollute the air or 63 fires or explosions. These wastes can also cause 64 problems for humans and animals. For these reasons, it is important to dispose 65 hazardous wastes in secured landfills where they cannot leak. A secured landfill is located on clay ground, and the pits are lined with plastic and nylon sheets to 66 the hazardous wastes in the pit.One kind of hazardous wastes, radioactive waste, involves a special disposal problem. Radioactive waste is created by industries and nuclear power plants 67 use radioactive materials. Radioactive materials 68 off energy as their atoms change. This energy is invisible, but very powerful. It can harm 69 tissues in plants and animals. Radioactive waste can remain hazardous for over 100 years. They must be stored in containers that can hold them without leakage for at least 70 amount of time.61. A. by B. with C. of D. into62. A. destructive B. smelly C. poisonous D. healthy63. A. make B. lead C. cause D. take64. A. lung B. living C. health D. water65. A. of B. by C. to D. with66. A. help B. remain C. keep D. guard67. A. those B. who C. that D. what68. A. come B. give C. take D. put69. A. living B. live C. lively D. alive70. A. an B. one C. that D. these10年参考答案：61-65 DACCA 66-70 CCBAC。

中石油职称英语语法及词汇

1. I could just see a car in the distance, but I couldn't make out what color it was.2. The application of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually make jobs easier to do.3. He mumbled something and blushed as though a secret had been exposed 。

4. Mr. Morgan can be very sad in private _, though in public he is extremely cheerful.5 . You should throw away__ these tables and buy new ones.6. _ In regard to _ their suggestions, we will discuss them fully at the next meeting.7. The medicine which the doctor gave her can only relieve _ 'her temporarily from pain.8. On cloudy nights it is not possible to see the stars with naked _ eye.9. Many new _ opportunities _ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.10. The weather is highly _ variable _ at this time of the year and it is hard to know what to wear.11. When you go to a new country, you must _ adapt _ yourself to new manners and customs.12. I found myself completely carried away by his vivid performance.13. These safety measures will result in _ the reduction of accidents.14. Some discussion has _ arisen _ about who should be put in charge of this project.15. _ In the light of _ these changes we must revise our plan.16. Although the examination he had passed was unimportant, his success encouraged him in his later s tudy.17. More and more cheaper materials are being_ substituted _ for the better, more expensive kind in production.18. We are taking _ up __ a collection to buy flowers for John because he is in the hospital.19. This is _ by no means __ the first time you have been late.20. The taxi had to pull up because the traffic light had turned red.II. Grammatical Structure21. So frightened was the girl __ in darkness that she did not dare to move an inch.22. It was not until then that I came to know that knowledge comes from practice.23. Everything depends on _ whether _ we have enough time.24. I'd just as soon you didn't speak __ rudely to her.25. While you may be right, 1 can't altogether agree.26.--I must have eaten something wrong. I feel like _ throwing up _--I told you not to eat at a restaurant. You'd better eat at home.27. His response was _ such _ that he didn't say yes and he didn't say no.28. There being nothing more to discuss, the CEO got to his feet, said goodbye and left the meeting room.29. I went to my adviser to ask him what courses _ to take。

中石油职称英语考试大纲单词(全)

中石油职称英语词汇a/anart．一，—个；任何—个，每一；n.字母Aabandonn.放任，狂热；vt.放弃，遗弃abilityn.能力，才干ableadj.能…的，有才能的，能干的，能够的abnormaladj.反常的，变态的aboardadv.prep.在船（飞机、车）上，上船（飞机、车）aboutadv.附近，大约，转向，左右，周围；prep.在附近，关于，在…周围，忙于aboveadj.上面的，上述的，上文的；adv.在上面；prep.在…上方，过于，超出abroadadv.往国外，海外，到处，广泛，差得远，心里没有谱absencen.不在场，缺席，缺乏，没有absentadj.不在的，缺席的，缺少的；vt.缺席absoluteadj.完全的，绝对的，纯粹的，肯定的absolutelyadv.完全地，绝对地，纯粹地，肯定地absorbvt.吸收，吸引，使专心abstractadj.抽象的，理论上的，难解的；n.摘要，抽象物，提取物；vt.摘要，使抽象化，提取，抽取abundantadj.丰富的，充裕的，丰富，盛产，富于abusen.滥用，虐待，辱骂，陋习，弊端；v.滥用，辱骂academicadj.学院的，理论的，学术性的；n.大学教师，学者academyn.（高等）专科院校，研究院，学会，学院acceleratev.加速，促进accelerationn.加速度accentn.重音，口音，腔调，重音符acceptvi.同意，承认；vt.接受，认可，承担，承兑acceptableadj.可接受的，合意的acceptancen.接受，承认，赞同，认可，承兑accessn.通路，访问，入门；vt.存取，接近accessoryadj.附属的，补充的，副的，同谋的；n.附件，零件，附加物，从犯，同谋者accidentn.意外事件，事故accidentaladj.意外的，偶然的，附属的accommodatevt.供应，供给，使适应，调节，和解，向…提供住宿，容纳，调和；vi．适应accommodationn.住处，膳宿，（车，船，飞机等的）预订铺位，（眼睛等的）适应性调节，（社会集团间的）迁就融合accompanyvt.陪伴，伴奏accomplishvt.完成，达到，实现accordn.一致，符合，调和，协定；vt.一致，给予；vi.符合accordancen.一致，和谐accordinglyadv.因此，从而，相应地accountn.账目，报道，客户，理由；vi．说明，认为，得分；vt.认为accumulatev.积聚，堆积accuracyn.精确性，正确度accurateadj.正确的，精确的accusevt.控告，谴责，非难accustomvt.习惯于accustomedadj.通常的，习惯的，按照风俗习惯的achen.疼痛；vi.觉得疼痛，渴望achievevt.完成，达到achievementn.成就，功绩acidadj.酸的，讽刺的，刻薄的；n.[化]酸，（俚）迷幻药acknowledgevt.承认，答谢，告知收到（某物）acquaintancen.相识，熟人acquirevt.获得，学到acren.英亩acrossadv.横过，交叉地，在对面；prep．越过，交叉，在…的那边，在…对面那边actn.法案，法令，动作，举动，节目，（戏剧的）一幕；vi.行动，产生…的效果，担当，表演，假装，表现，见效；vt.扮演，装作actionn.动作，作用，战斗，行动，举动，行为，（戏剧或书中）的情节，诉讼activatev.刺激，使活动，激活，使产生放射性activeadj.积极的，有活动能力的，[语法]主动的；n.[语法]主动语态activityn.活跃，活动性，行动，行为，[核]放射性actorn.男演员actressn.女演员actualadj.实际的，真实的actuallyadv.实际上，事实上acuteadj.敏锐的，严重的，灵敏的，[医.]急性的adn.广告adaptvi.适应；vt.使适应，改编addvi.加，增添，做加法；vt.增加，添加，计算…总和，补充说additionn.加，加起来，增加物，另外，加法additionaladj.另外的，附加的，额外的additiveadj.附加的，加成的，添加的；n.添加剂addressn.地址，演讲vt.向…致辞，演说，写姓名地址，称呼adequateadj.适当的，足够的，可以胜任的adhere[ad'hia]vt.粘附，胶着，坚持adjacentadj.邻近的，接近的adjustvt.调整，调节，校准，使适合adjustmentn.调整，调节administrationn.管理，经营，施政，行政部门admirev.赞美，钦佩，羡慕admissionn.允许进入，承认，供认，入场费admitv.容许，承认，接纳adoptvt.采用，收养，采纳adultadj.成人的，成熟的；n.成年人advancen.前进，提升，预付款；v.前进，提前，预付；adj.前面的，预先的advancedadj.高级的，年老的，先进的advantagen.优势，有利条件，利益adventuren.冒险，冒险的经历；v.冒险adverbn.副词adverseadj.不利的，敌对的，相反的advertisev.做广告，登广告，宣扬advertisementn.广告advicen.忠告，建议，[商]通知advisableadj.可取的，明智的advisevt.劝告，忠告，建议advocaten.提倡者，鼓吹者，辩护人；vt.提倡，鼓吹，拥护aeroplanen.飞机affairn.事务，事件，（尤指关系不长久的）风流韵事affectvt.影响，感动，侵袭，假装，爱好affection.友爱，爱情，影响，疾病，倾向affirmv.断言，确认，肯定affordvt.担负得起，买得起，花得起，有能力担负；提供，给予afraidadj.害怕，担心African.非洲Africann.非洲人；adj．非洲的afteradv. prep. conj.在…之后，在…后面，模仿，与…一致，以…命名，后来的，后面的afternoonn.午后，下午afterwardadv.然后，后来againadv.又，再次，此外，再一次againstprep.相反，反对，逆着，靠着，倚着agen.年龄，使用年限，限定年龄，时代；v.变老，上年纪，成熟agencyn.代理处，行销处，代理，中介agentn.代理（商），作用剂，原动力aggressiveadj.好斗的，敢做敢为的，有闯劲的，侵略性的agoadv.以前的，以往的agonyn.苦恼，极大的痛苦agreevi.同意，赞成…的意见，与…一致，承认，适合；vt.同意agreementn.同意，一致，协定，协议agriculturen.农业，农艺，农学aheadadj. adv.在前，向前，提前aidn.帮助，援助，有帮助的事物；vt.资助，援助，帮助aimn.目标，目的，瞄准；v.对…瞄准，打算airn.空气，天空，空中，气氛；vt.晾干，使通风，宣扬，aircraftn.航行器，飞机airlinen.定期航线，航空公司airmailn.航空邮件airplanen.飞机airportn.（美>民用机场，航空站alarmn.警报，惊慌，警告器；vt.恐吓，警告alcoholn.酒精，酒alertadj.提防的，警惕的；n.警惕，警报；v.使…保持警觉alienn.外侨；adj.外国的，相异的，不同的alignvi.排列；vt.使结盟，使成一行alikeadj.相同的，相似的；adv.以同样的方式，类似于aliveadj.活着的，活泼的alladj.全部的，所有的，整个的；adv.完全；n.一切alliedadj.联合的，同盟的，与…同属一系allocatevt.分派，分配allowvt.允许，承认allowancen.津贴，补助，宽容，允许alloyn.合金；vt.使成合金，减低成色almostadv.几乎，差不多aloneadj.单独的，独一无二的，孤独的，独自的；adv.独自地alongadv.往前，向前；prep.顺着，沿着aloudadv.大声地alphabetn.字母表alreadyadv.已经alsoadv.也，同样alterv.改变alternateadj.交替的，轮流的，预备的；v.交替，轮流，改变alternativen.二中择一，可供选择的办法，事物adj.选择性的，二中择一的alternativelyadv.作为选择，二者选一地althoughconj.虽然，尽管altituden.（尤指海拔）高度，高处（海拔甚高的地方）altogetheradv.完全地，总而言之aluminiumn.[化]铝；adj.铝的alwaysadv.总是，永远，始终amateurn.业余爱好者，业余艺术家amazevt.使吃惊ambitionn.野心，雄心ambulancen.战时流动医院，救护车American.<美）美国，美洲（包括北美和南美洲）Americann.美国人，美洲人；adj.美国的，美洲的amongprep.在…之中，…之一amongstprep.在…中间，在…之中amountn.数量；vt.总计，等于amperen.安培ampleadj.充足的，丰富的amplifyv.放大，增强，扩大amplituden.广阔，丰富，振幅（物理学名词）amusevt.使发笑，使愉快analogousadj.类似的，相似的，可比拟的analogyn.类似，类推analysen.分析；vt.分析，分解analysisn.分析，分解analyticadj.分析的，解析的analyzevt.分析，分解ancestorn.祖先，祖宗anchorn.锚；v.抛锚，锚定ancientadj.远古的，旧的andconj.和，并且，而且，于是，同时，然后，因而angeln.天使，完善可爱的人angern.怒，愤怒；v.恼火anglen.[数]角，角落；vi.钓鱼，曲解，按某一角度转动angryadj.生气的，愤怒的，狂暴的（风雨等）animaln.动物；adj.动物的anklen.[解]踝anniversaryn.周年纪念announcevt.宣布，通告announcern.广播员，告知者，报幕员annoyvt.使苦恼，骚扰annualn.一年生植物，年刊，年鉴；adj.一年一次的，每年的，一年生的anotheradj.另外的，又一，不同的；prep.另一个，另一个人，同类的东西answern.答案，回答，答辩，抗辩；v.回答说，答复说，符合，反响，响应antn.蚂蚁antennan.天线，（动>触角anticipatevt.预期，预见，预订，期望，过早使用，先人一着，占先anxietyn.忧虑，焦急，渴望，热望anxiousadj.观念的，担忧的，渴望的，盼望的anyadj.任何的，任何一种，所有的；pron.无论那一个，任何anybodypron.任何人，重要人物anyhowadv.无论如何，总之anyonepron．任何一个anythingpron.任何事anywayadv.无论如何，总之anywhereadv.无论何处apartadv.分离，分成零件，分别地，分离着apartmentn.（美）公寓住宅，单元住宅，房间apologizevi.道歉，辩白apologyn.（为某种思想，宗教，哲学等）辩解，道歉apparatusn.器械，设备，仪器apparentadj.显然的，外观上的appealn.请求，呼吁，上诉，吸引力，要求；vi.求助，诉请，要求；vt.控诉appearvi.出现，看来，似乎，公开露面，出版，发表appearancen.出现，露面，外貌，外观appendixn.附录，附属品，[解]阑尾appetiten.食欲，胃口，欲望，爱好applen.苹果，似苹果的果实appliancen.用具，器具applicableadj.可适用的，可应用的applicationn.请求，申请，申请表，应用，运用，施用，敷用，应用程序，应用软件applyvt.申请，应用；vi．申请，适用appointvt.约定，指定（时间，地点），任命，委任appointmentn.约会，指定，任命，选派appreciableadj.可感知的，可评估的appreciatevi.增值，涨价；vt.赏识，鉴赏，感激approachn.接近，逼近，走进，方法，步骤，途径，通路；vt.接近，动手处理；vi.靠近appropriateadj.适当的approvaln.赞成，承认，正式批准approvev.赞成，满意，批准，通过approximateadj.近似的，大约的；v.近似，接近approximatelyadv.近似地，大约Apriln.四月（略作Apr）aptadj.易于…的，有…倾向的，灵敏的，灵巧的，适当的Arabianadj.阿拉伯的，阿拉伯人的arbitraryadj.任意的，武断的，独裁的，专断的arcn.弧，弓形，拱archadj.主要的；n.拱门，弓形结构，拱形；v.（使）弯成弓形architecturen.建筑，建筑学，体系机构arean.范围arguevi.争论，辩论；vt.说服argumentn.争论，辩论，论据，论点arisevt.出现，发生，起因于，起来arithmeticn.算术，算法armn.臂，臂状物，衣袖，海湾，武器；vi.武装起来；vt.供给，提供，武装，装备armyn.陆军，军队，大群，大军aroundadv.周围，四周，到处，大约，左右；prep.在…周围，四处arousevi.睡醒；vt.唤醒，唤起，鼓励，引起arrangeyi.筹划，安排；vt.排列，整理，安排，布置，改编arrangementn.排列，安排arrayn.排列，编队，军队，盛装，大批；vt.部署，穿着，排列arrestn.逮捕，拘留；vt.逮捕，拘留，吸引arrival [a'raival]n.到来，到达，到达者arrivevi.到达，抵达arrown.箭，箭头记号artn.艺术，艺术品，技术，巧妙，美术articlen.文章，论文，物品，商品，项目，条款，冠词artificialadj.人造的，假的，非原产地的，虚假的artistn.艺术家，画家artisticadj.艺术的，有美感的，风雅的asadv.同样地，被看作，像；prep.当作；conj.像…一样，如同，当…时，因为，尽管，如此…以致ascendvi.攀登，上升ascertainvt.确定，探知vt.分配，指派，赋值assignmentn.分配，委派，任务，（课外）作业assistvt.援助，帮助assistancen.协助，援助，补助，（英>国家补助assistantadj.辅助的，助理的；n.助手，助教associateadj.副的；n.合作人，同事；vt.使发生联系，使联合；vi.交往，结交associationn.协会，联合，结交，联想assumevt.假定，设想，采取，呈现assumptionn.假定，设想，担任，承当，假装，作态assurancen.确信，断言，保证，担保assurevt.断然地说，确告，保证，担保astonishvt.使惊讶astronautn.太空人，宇航员atprep.在，于，向，对准，在…方面athleten.运动员，运动选手Atlanticadj.大西洋的；n.大西洋atmospheren.大气，空气，气氛atmosphericadj.大气的atomn.原子attachv.缚上，系上，贴上，配属，隶属于attachment n.附件，附加装置，配属attackn.进攻，攻击，（用语言）抨击，批评，疾病发作，侵袭；vt.攻击，抨击，动手处理（某事）；vi.攻击attainv.达到，获得；到达attemptn.努力，尝试，企图；vt.尝试，企图attendvi.专心于，留意；vt.出席，参加，照顾，护理，注意attendantn.服务员；adj.伴随的，服侍的，附带的attentionn.注意，关心，关注，注意力，（口令）立正！attentiveadj．注意的，专心的，留意的attituden.姿势，态度，看法，意见attractvi.有吸引力，引起注意；vt.吸引attractionn.吸引，吸引力，吸引人的事物attractiveadj.吸引人的，有魅力的attributen.属性，品质，特征；vt.加于，把…归于，归因于…audiencen.听众，观众，接见，拜见Augustn.八月（略作Aug）august口巧．令人敬畏的，威严的auntn.姑妈，伯母，舅妈，阿姨auraladj.听觉的Australian.澳洲，澳大利亚Australianadj.澳洲的，澳大利亚的，澳大利亚人的；n.澳大利亚人authorn.作家，创造者authorityn.权威，威信，权威人士，权力，职权，典据，著作权威automaticadj.自动的，无意识的，机械的；n.自动机械automationn.自动控制，自动操作automobilen.（美>汽车（=(英) motorcar，car）autumnn.秋天，成熟期，渐衰期auxiliaryadj.辅助的，补助的；n．辅助者，助手availableadj.可用到的，可利用的，有用的，有空的，接受探访的avenuen.林荫道，大街，方法，途径，路averageadj.一般的，通常的，平均的；n.平均，平均水平，平均数；vi.买进，卖出；vt.平均为，均分，使平衡，达到平均水平aviationn.飞行，航空，航空学，航空术avoidvt.避免，消除awaitvt.等候awakeadj.警觉的，醒着的，意识到；vi.醒，觉醒领会，觉悟；vt.唤醒awardn.奖，奖品；vt.授予，判给awareadj.知道的，明白的，意识到的awayadv.在远处，到远处，离去awfuladj.可怕的，威严的，（口）极度的，糟糕的awfullyadv非常，很，十分awkwardadj.难使用的，笨拙的axn.斧头，战斧；vt.削减axisn.轴B．C．adj.公元前babyn.婴孩backadj.后面的，在后面，已过去的；adv.向后地；n.背部，后面；v.后退，支持backgroundn.背景，后台，不重要或不引人注目的地方或位置backwardadv.adj.向后地（的），相反地（的），追溯，退步，由好变坏bacterian.细菌badadj.劣质的，有害的，坏的，不利的，不健康的，严重的badgen.徽章，证章badlyadv.严重地，恶劣地badmintonn.羽毛球bafflevt.困惑，阻碍，为难；n.隔板bagn.袋子，猎获物baggagenn行李，[军]辎重bakev.烘焙，烤，烧硬balancen.秤，天平，平衡，[商]收支差额，结余，余额，资产平衡表；v.平衡，称，权衡，对比，结算balln.球，球状物，舞会，尽情地玩balloonn.气球bananan.香蕉bandn.带子，镶边，波段，队，乐队；v.联合，结合bangn.重击，突然巨响；v.发巨响，重击bankn.银行，堤，岸，沙洲，浅滩，一堆（土），（云）层，储藏所（库）；vt.存（款）于银行，储蓄，（车或飞机）倾斜转弯bankruptadj.破产了的，完全丧失的；n.破产者;n.使破产bannern.旗帜，横幅，标语barn.条，棒（常用作栅栏，扣栓物），横木，酒吧间，栅，障碍物；vt.禁止，阻挡，妨碍，把门关住barbern.理发员，理发师bareadj．赤裸的，无遮蔽的，空的；vt.使赤裸，露出barelyadv.仅仅，刚刚，几乎不能bargainn.契约，合同，成交商品，便宜货；v.议价barkn.树皮，吠声；v.吠，咆哮barnn．[农]谷仓，畜棚，畜舍，机器房barrel['baeral]n.桶，一桶之量，枪管barriern.（阻碍通道的）障碍物，栅栏，屏障baseadj.卑鄙的，低级的；n.底部，基础，根据地，基地，本部，基数，（运动）出发点；vt.以…作基础，基于…basementn.地下室，墙脚basicadj.基本的，碱性的；n.基本，要素，基础；n.[计]BASIC语言，基本高级语言basicallyadv.基本上，主要地basinn.盆，盆地，水池basisn.基础，基本，根据，主要成分（或要素），（认识论中的）基本原则或原理basketn.篮，一篮basketballn.篮球，篮球运动batn.蝙蝠，球棒；vt.用球棒击球bathn.沐浴，浴室bathen.洗澡；v.沐浴，洗，（光线）充满bathroomn.浴室，盥洗室batteryn.电池，炮组，一组battlen.战役（指大规模会战），战争；vi.作战，战斗，搏斗，斗争bayn.海湾，狗吠声，月桂树；vf．吠；vt.吠，使走投无路beprep.是，在，存在；abbr.[域]Belgium，比利时BE =Bank of England 英格兰银行[英]beachn.海滩beadn.珠子，水珠beamn.梁，桁条，（光线的）束，柱，电波，横梁；v.播送beann.豆，豆形果实bearn.熊；v.负担，忍受，带给，挤beardn.胡须bearingn.轴承，关系．方面，意义，方向，方位beastn.兽，畜牲，人面兽心的人beatn.敲打，拍子，巡逻区域；v.打，打败beautifuladj.美丽的，很好的beautyn.美，美景，美好的东西，美人becauseconj.adv.因为becomevi.变成，成为，变得；vt.适合，相称bedn.床，基础，路基，河底，海底，一堆，一层；vi．上床，分层been.蜜蜂beefn.牛肉beern.啤酒beforeadv.在前，以前；conj.在…之前，与其…宁可；prep.在…之前beforehandadv.预先begv.请求，乞求beggarn.乞丐beginV.开始，首先beginnern.初学者beginningn.开始behalfn.利益behavevi.举动，举止，运转，行为表现behaviorn.举止，行为behaviourn.行为，举止，习性behindadv.在后；prep.在…之后beingbe的现在分词；n.存在，生命，人，本质beliefn.信任，信心，信仰believev.有坚定的宗教信仰，相信，信任，认为，想belln.铃，钟belongvi.处在，该在，( to)属于belovedadj.心爱的；n.所爱的人，爱人belowprep.在…下面，adv.在较低处，到下面beltn.带子，地带，腰带benchn.长椅子，法官bendn.弯曲；v.弯曲，专心于，屈服beneathadv.在…之下；prep.在…之下beneficialadj.有益的，受益的，[法律]有使用权的benefitn.利益，好处；1，f．受益；vt，有益于，有助于berryn.浆果besideprep.在旁边，和…比较besidesadv.此外；prep.除…之外bestadj.最好的；adv.最好地，最，极；n.最佳的状态或作品，最好的东西betn.赌，打赌；v.赌，赌钱betrayvt.出卖，背叛，泄露（秘密），露出…迹象betteradj.较好的；adv.更好，更多，更佳；n.较好的人（东西）；v.改善，胜过betweenprep.在…之间，连接…，由…协力合作；adv.在其间，当中beyondadv.在远处；prep.在（到）…较远的一边，超过，那一边Biblen.圣经bicyclen.脚踏车，自行车；v.骑自行车bidn.出价，投标；vt.出价，投标，祝愿，命令，吩咐，支付bigadj.大的，重要的，量大的，重要的biken.脚踏车，自行车billn.账单，钞票，票据，清单，议案，法案，广告；vt.用海报宣传，把…列成表，给…开账单billionadj.（美、法）十亿（的），（英、德）万亿（的）；n.（美、法）十亿（的），（英、德）万亿（的）；bindv.绑，镶边，装订，凝固，约束biologyn.生物学，生物（总称）birdn.鸟，（俚）人birthn.出生，产生，出身birthdayn.生日biscuitn.饼干，小点心bitn.小块，少量，片刻，钻头，刀头，辅币，[计]位，比特biten.咬，咬伤，一口，刺痛；v.咬，刺痛bitter adj.苦的，痛苦的，怀恨的bitterlyadv.苦苦地，悲痛地，厉害地blackadj.黑色的，弄脏了的，忧郁的；n.黑色，黑颜料，黑人；vt.（使）变黑，涂黑blackboardn.黑板bladen.刀刃，刀片blamen.过失，责备；vt.责备，谴责blankadj.空白的，空着的，失色的，没有表情的；n.空白，（美>表格blanketn.毯子；vt.覆盖blastn.一阵（风），一股（气流），爆炸，冲击波；vt.爆炸，毁灭，使枯萎，损害blazen.火焰，光辉，情感爆发；vi.燃烧，照耀，激发；vt.公开宣布bleedv.使出血，放血blendn.混合物；vt.混合blessvt.祝福，保佑，（口）哎呀！我的天哪！blindadj.瞎的，盲目的；vt.使失明，缺乏眼光或判断力；n.窗帘，欺瞒，掩饰，隐蔽处blockn.木块，石块，块，街区，印版，滑轮，阻滞，（一）批；vt.妨碍，阻塞bloodn.血，血液，血统；v.使（某人）先取得经验bloomn.花，旺盛，青春；v.（使）开花，（使）繁盛blossomn.花（尤指结果实者），花开的状态，兴旺期；vi.开花，兴旺，发展blueadj.蓝色的，忧郁的，沮丧的；n.蓝色blown.殴打，突然的打击；v.风吹，吹气于，叫，烧断boardn.木板，（供特殊用途的）木板，甲板，膳食费用，会议桌，部；vt.用板盖上，包伙食，提供膳食，上（船、飞机等）boastn.自夸，值得夸耀的事物；v.自夸，以有…而自豪boatn.小船，艇；v.划船bodyn.身体，肉体，人，尸体，主要部分，团体，大量；vt.赋以形体boiln.沸点，沸腾，疖子；v.煮沸，激动boilern.煮器（锅，壶的统称），汽锅，锅炉boldadj.大胆的，粗体的，冒失的，显眼的boltn.门闩，螺钉，闪电，跑掉；v.上门闩，囫囵吞下，逃跑bombn.炸弹；vt.投弹于，轰炸bondn.结合（物），黏结（剂），联结，公债，债券，合同；v.结合bonen.骨；v.剔除bookn.书，书籍，卷，篇，账簿，名册，工作簿；v.登记，预订，控告boomn.繁荣，隆隆声；v.发隆隆声，兴隆bootn.<美>（长统）靴，靴子，引导启动程序boothn.货摊，售货亭，棚bordern.边界，国界，边，边沿，边境；vt.与…接壤，接近，近似bore[b3：]n.令人讨厌的人，怒潮，枪膛，孔；v.使烦扰，钻孔bornadj.天生的，原本的，天生就…的；vbl.出生borrowv.借，借人，借用bosomn.胸部，胸，胸怀，内心，内部，中间，任何温暖、舒适而熟悉的地方bossn.老板，上司；vt.指挥bothadj.两者，双方的；pron.双方，两者bothern.麻烦，烦扰;vi.烦恼，操心;vt.烦扰，打扰bottlevt．烦恼，操心；vt．烦扰，n.瓶子；vt.用瓶装bottomadj.底部的；n.底，底部，尽头，末端；vt.装底，查明真相，测量深浅；vi.到达底部，建立基础boughn.大树枝，主枝bouncen.（球）跳起，弹回；v.（使）反跳，弹起，（指支票）被银行退票，弹跳boundadj.正要启程的，开往…去的，被束缚的，装订的；n.进，跳，范围，限度；v.跳跃，限制boundaryn.边界，分界线bown.弓，乐弓，弓形，鞠躬，船首；v.鞠躬，弯腰bowln.碗，碗状物，木球；v.滚，（板球）投球boxn.盒子，箱，包厢，岗亭，一拳；v.装…入盒中，打耳光，拳击boyn.男孩，儿子，孩子气的人，男仆brainn.脑，头脑braken.闸，刹车；v.刹车branchn.枝，分枝，分部，分店，（学科）分科，部门，支流，支脉；v.出现分歧brandn.商标，牌子，烙印；vt.打烙印brandyn.白兰地酒brassn.黄铜，黄铜制品braveadj.勇敢的breadn.面包，生计breadthn.宽度，（布的）幅宽，（船）幅breakn.休息，暂停，破裂，突变；v.打破，违犯，折断，削弱，超过，突变breakfastn.早餐；vi.进早餐breastn.胸部，乳房，胸怀，心情；vt.以胸对着，对付breathn.呼吸，气息，气味breathev.呼吸，发出，低语breedn.品种，种类；v.（使）繁殖，教养，抚养breezen.微风，煤屑，轻而易举的事，小风波；vi.吹微风，逃走brickn.砖，砖块，砖形物（如茶砖，冰砖等）bridgen.桥，舰桥，鼻梁，桥牌；vt.架桥，渡过briefn.摘要，大纲；adj.简短的，短暂的；vt.摘要，（军事）下达简令brightadj.明亮的，辉煌的，欢快的，聪明的，伶俐的brightenv.（使）变亮，（使）愉快brilliantadj.灿烂的，闪耀的，有才气的brimn.（杯，碗等）边，边缘，（河）边；vi.满溢；vt.注满，使满溢bringvi．停下；vt.拿来，带来，产生，引起，提出（诉讼）briskadj.敏锐的，凛冽的，轻快的，活泼的bristlen.刚毛，猪鬃；vi.（毛发等）竖起，发怒；adj.长满硬毛的，易发怒的Britainn.英国，不列颠Britishadj.大不列颠的，英国的，英国人的；n.英国人brittleadj.易碎的，脆弱的broadadj.宽的，阔的，广泛的，明朗的，显著的，主要的；n.湖沼地区broadcastn.广播，播音；v.播撒（种子），（无线电或电视）广播，播送，播放brokenadj.坏掉的，患病的，被制服的，断掉的；vbl.break的过去分词bronzeadj.青铜色的；n.青铜（铜与锡合金），铜像broodn.（动物中鸟或家禽的）一窝，（同种或同类的）一伙；vt.沉思brookn.小溪；vt.容忍broomn.扫帚，[植]金雀花；vt.扫除brothern.兄弟brown.眉毛，额，（面部）表情brownn.褐色adj.褐色的，棕色的；v.（使）成褐色，晒黑bruisen.瘀伤，擦伤；v.打伤，撞伤brushn.刷子，毛刷，画笔；vt.刷，掸，拂bruteadj.残忍的，畜生般的；n.残忍的人，畜生bubblen.泡沫，幻想的计划；vi.起泡，潺潺地流bucketn.桶，一桶的量，[桶状物]铲斗budn.芽，蓓蕾；vi.发芽，萌芽budgetn.预算；vi.做预算，编人预算buildn.构造，体格，体形；v.建造，建筑buildingn.建筑物，营造物（如房屋，大楼，工厂，船等）bulbn.鳞茎，球形物，电灯泡bulkn.大小，体积，大批，大多数，散装；vt.显得大，起重大作用；adj.大批的bull[bul]n.[动]公牛，粗壮如牛的人，（股票）多头bulletn.子弹bunchn.串，束；v.捆成一束bundlen.捆，束，包；v.捆扎burdenn.担子，负担；v.负担bureaun.办公桌，衣柜，<美>局，办公署burn[n.烧伤，灼伤；v.烧，烧焦，点（灯），使感觉烧热burstn.突然破裂，爆发，脉冲；v.爆裂，炸破，急于，爆发buryvt.埋葬，掩埋，隐藏busn.公共汽车bushn.矮树丛，灌木businessn.商业，买卖，交易，生意，事情，事物，营业，商行busyadj.忙碌的，热闹的butadv几乎，仅仅；conj.而是，但是；prep.除…以外butchern.屠夫，屠户；vt.屠宰，屠杀buttern.黄油，牛油；vt.涂黄油于…上butterflyn.[动]蝴蝶，蝶泳buttonn.纽扣，[计]按钮；v.扣住，扣紧buyn.廉价品，合算的买卖；v.买byadv.通过，经过，附近；prep.在附近，在旁边，经，由，依据，按照，通过，用cabbagen.[植]甘蓝，卷心菜cabinn.小屋，船舱cabinetadj.（美）内阁的，小巧的；n.（有抽屉或格子的）橱柜，（美）内阁cablen.电缆，海底电报，缆，索；v.拍电报cafen.咖啡馆，小餐馆cafeterian.自助餐厅cagen.笼，槛，（矿井）贯笼caken.蛋糕，饼，饼状物calciumn.[化]钙（元素符号Ca）calculatev.计算，考虑，计划，打算；v.（美）以为，认为calculationn.计算，考虑calculatorn.计算机，计算器calendarn.日历，历法calibratev.校准calibrationn.标度，刻度，校准calln.喊声，叫声，命令，号召，访问，叫牌，通话，必要；v.呼叫，召集，称呼，认为，命名，打电话calmadj.（天气、海洋等）静的，平静的，镇静的，沉着的；v.（使）平静，（使）镇定，平息cameln.骆驼cameran.照相机campn.露营地，阵营；vi.露营，扎营campaignn.[军]战役，（政治或商业性）活动，竞选运动；vi.参加活动，从事活动，作战campusn.<美）校园，大学教育canconj.能，可以；n.罐头，铁罐；vt.装进罐中，把食品装罐Canadan.加拿大Canadianadj.加拿大的；n.加拿大人canaln.运河，小道，导管，槽，沟渠；vt.开运河cancelvt.取消，删去cancern.癌，毒瘤candidaten.候选人，报考者candlen.蜡烛candyn.糖果，冰糖；v.蜜饯，糖煮（水果）cannonn.大炮，加农炮；v.炮轰canoen.独木舟，轻舟canteenn.小卖部，食堂，餐厅，饭盒，（军用）水壶canvasn.帆布，油画capn.帽子，军帽，（瓶）帽，（笔）帽；vt.覆盖，胜过capabilityn.（实际）能力，性能，容量，接受力capableadj.有能力的，能干的，有可能的，可以…的capacityn.容量，生产量，容量，智能，才能，能力，接受力，地位capitaladj.资金的，重要的，死罪的，大写的；n.首都，首府，大写字母，资本，资金，资产captainn.队长，首领，船长，机长，（空军，海军）上校，（陆军）上尉；v.指挥，统帅captiveadj.被俘的，被迷住的；n.俘虏，被美色或爱情迷住的人capturen.捕获，战利品；vt.俘获，捕获，夺取carn.汽车，小汽车，车辆，客车，[铁]车厢carbonn.[化]碳（元素符号C），（一张）复写纸carbonaten.[化]碳酸盐；vt.使变成碳酸盐，使充满二氧化碳，碳化cardn.纸牌，卡片，信用卡caren.注意，照料，烦恼，忧虑，由…转交；vi.关心，顾虑，照顾，喜爱；vt.在意careern.（原意：道路，轨道）事业，生涯，速度carefuladj.小心的，仔细的carelessadj.粗心的，疏忽的cargon.船货，（车、船、飞机等运输的）货物carpentern.木匠carpetn.地毯carriagen.马车，客车，运费，（机械）车架carriern.运送者，邮递员，带菌者，（自行车等）行李架，搬运器，航空母舰；[电]载波（信号）carrotn.胡萝卜carryn.进位，射程，运载；vi.被携带，能达到；vi.携带，运送，支持，支撑，传送，意味cartn.大车，手推车；vt.用车装载carvev.雕刻，切开casen.事，病例，案例，情形，场合，讼案，容器，（语法）格cashn.现金；vt.兑现casingn.罩，壳，套，管cassetten.盒子，盒式磁带castn.投掷，铸件，脱落物，一瞥，演员表；v.投，抛，浇铸，计算，派（角色）castlen.城堡casualadj.偶然的，不经意的，临时的catn.猫catalogn.目录，目录册；v.编目录catalystn.催化剂catchn.捕捉，捕获物，（窗）钩；v.捕获，赶上（车船等），发觉，感染（疾病），抓住，燃着categoryn.种类，别，[逻]范畴cathedraln.大教堂cattlen.牛，家养牲畜causen.原因，导致某事发生的人或事，动机，理由，根据，目标，理想，事业；vt.引起，惹起，使（发生），促成cautionn.小心，谨慎，警告；vt.警告caven.洞穴，窑洞；vi．凹陷，投降；vt.挖洞，使凹陷ceasev.停止，终了ceilingn.天花板，最高限度celebratev.庆祝，祝贺，表扬，赞美，举行celln.单元，细胞，蜂房，（尤指监狱或寺院的）单人房间，电池cellarn.地窖，地下室，酒窖，藏酒室cementn.水泥，接合剂；vi.粘牢；vt.接合，用水泥涂，巩固centn.（货币单位）分，分币centigradeadj.分为百度的，百分度的，摄氏温度的centimetren.厘米，公分centraladj.中心的，中央的，重要的，主要的，中枢的，走中间道路的centren.中心，中央，中心区；v.集中centuryn.世纪，百年，板球中的一百分ceremonyn.典礼，仪式，礼节certainadj.确定的，某一个，无疑的，必然的，可靠的；pron.某几个，某些certainlyadv.的确，（口语）当然，行certaintyn.确定，确实的事情，确定性certificaten.证书，证明书；vt.发给证明书，以证书形式授权给…chainn.链（条），镣铐，一连串，一系列vt.用链条拴住chairn.椅子，教授职位，主席位，讲座；vt.担任主席（主持人）chairmann.席，会长chalkn.笔，白垩；vt.粉笔写，和以白垩challengen.挑战；vt.向…挑战chambern.室，房间，议院，会所，卧室championn.冠军，拥护者，战士；vt.拥护，支持chance]adj.偶然的；n.机会，可能性，偶然性，运气；v.碰巧，偶然发生，冒…的险changen.改变，变化，转变，找回的零钱，找头，辅币；vt.改变，变革，改造，兑换channeln.海峡，水道，沟，路线，信道，频道；vt.引导，开导，形成河道chaptern.（书籍）章charactern.（事物的）特性，性质，特征（的总和），（人的）品质，字符，性格，特征，人物characteristicadj.特有的，表示特性的，典型的；n.特性，特征characterizevt.表现…的特色，刻画的…性格chargen.负荷，电荷，费用，主管，掌管，充电，充气，装料；v.装满，控诉，责令，告诫，指示，加罪于，冲锋，收费charityn.慈善，施舍，慈善团体charmingadj.迷人的，娇媚的chartn.海图，图表；vt.制图chartervt.租，包（船、车等）；n.宪章chasen.追赶，追击；vt.追赶，追逐，雕镂cheapadj.便宜的，不值钱的cheatn.欺骗，骗子；v.欺骗，骗取checkn.阻止，制止，控制，阻止物，支票，检讫的记号，饭馆的账单；vi.证明无误，核对无误，逐项相符，[象棋]将军；vt.检查，制止，核对，寄存，托运cheekn.颊，厚颜，类似颊的事物cheern.愉快，欢呼；v.（使）快活，（对……）欢呼cheerfuladj.愉快的，高兴的cheesen.干酪，乳酪chemicaladj.化学的；n.化学制品，化学药品chemistn.化学家，药剂师chemistryn.化学chequen.支票cherryn.樱桃，樱桃树，如樱桃的鲜红色chessn.国际象棋chestn.胸腔，胸膛，箱，柜chewv.咀嚼，认真考虑chickenn.小鸡，鸡肉，胆小鬼chiefn.首领，领袖，酋长，长官，主要部分，最有价值的部分；a主要的，首要的，首席的，主任的childn.孩子，儿女，子孙childhoodn.孩童时期childishadj.孩子气的，幼稚的chilladj.寒冷的；n.寒意，寒战，寒心；v.使冷，变冷，冷藏chimneyn.烟囱，灯罩chinn.下巴，下颚chinan.陶瓷，瓷器，瓷料Chinan.中国Chineseadj.中国的，中国人的，中国话的，汉语的；n.中国人，中国话，汉语，中文chipn.碎片，筹码，芯片；v.削成碎片，碎裂chloriden.[化]氯化物chocolaten.巧克力，巧克力色choiceadj.精选的，上等的，挑三拣四的，可选的，宠爱的，爱惜的；n.选择，抉择，精选品，选择机会，选择权choken.窒息，阻气门；v.窒息，哽住，使呼吸困难，阻塞choosev.选择，选定chopn.．砍，排骨，官印，商标；vt.剁碎，砍，（风浪）突变Christiann.基督徒，信徒；adj.基督教的，信基督教的Christmasn.（纪念耶稣基督诞生的节日，12月25日）圣诞节churchn.教堂，礼拜堂，教会，教派，[宗]礼拜cigaretten.香烟，纸烟cineman.电影院，电影circlen.圆周，圆形物，派系，循环；v.围，环绕，盘旋circuitn.电路，一圈，周游，巡回circularadj.圆形的，循环的；n.函件，通知circulatev.（使）流通，（使）运行，（使）循环，（使）传播circulationn.循环，流通，发行额circumferencen.圆周，周围circumstancen.环境，详情，境况citevt.引用，引证，提名表扬citizenn.市民，公民cityn.城市，都市，全体居民，城邦civiladj.全民的，市民的，公民的，国民的，民间的，民事的，根据民法的，文职的，有礼貌的civilizationn.文明，文化，文明社会，文明，一个著名游戏的名称。

2010油气工程(英语)

中国石化集团公司2010年高级（含教授级）任职资格外语考试试卷英语（油气工程）（120分钟内完成）一、阅读理解（阅读短文，用英语简要回答问题，共25分）短文1（12.5分）Young people in Britain tend to stay with their family longer these days as accommodation is expensive but, when they move away to a job or college, they rent a room in someone’s house. They can also get a bed-sitting room. They can share a rented flat or house with a group of young people. When young people get married or have a steady income, they often buy a house. They do this by taking out a mortgage with a building society or bank. They are the official owners and the mortgage is a financial loan for anything up to 100% of the value of the house, repayable over twenty to forty years. People can find it difficult to repay their mortgage, but at least they know that in the end the house will be theirs.If people cannot afford to buy their own house, they can rent property from a private landlord. In city areas the problem has been made worse by the bad condition that a lot of council property is in. High-rise flats, for example, have developed structural faults.Unfortunately, homelessness is an increasingly serious problem all over Britain. It affects all ages; single people, couples with children, even old-age pensioners. In 1984, 83190 households, a term that covers families and singlepeople, were officially listed as homeless. In one year, 170190 households applied to be put on the list, but thousands were turned down although they were probably living in overcrowded conditions or in housing that badly needed repairing and improving.Questions:1.What conditions are new blocks of council flats in?2.What does the number, 83190 listed in 1984, show?3.What do young people these days often do in order to have a place to live in?4.If one has a mortgage, what does the company he borrowed money from do to him?5.Why does the author think homelessness is an increasingly serious problem all over Britain?短文2（12.5分）The ultimate goal of economic developments is to improve the well-being of people. The building of factories, the terracing of land and the training of engineers are but means toward that end; enhancing the reputation or wealth of political leaders and increasing the prestige or power of nation states are irrelevant. Improving the health of people is fundamental to improving their well-being. This being so, it is important to know what “health” means. Health has long been defined by the 155 member states of the World Health Organization(WHO) as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” The ultimate goal of development can therefore be said to be health, in this broad sense, for all the people of the world. It is simple as that —and as complex.It is complex because when it comes to defining health policies, assigning priorities, allotting funds and planning and operation programs to give effect to the policies, it is not easy for political leaders or technical experts in either theunderdeveloped or the developed countries to keep in mind the centrality of human development. There are two conventional ways to view the relation between health and development. One sees health as a prerequisite for development. The other sees health as a concomitant of development. Both views are supported by evidence and both can motivate human development programs. They are not even mutually exclusive; rather they are mutually supportive.Health is indeed a prerequisite for economic and social advance. Human energy is the fuel that drives development, the source not only of physical work and other economic activity but also of hope for the future, social awareness and the ability to absorb and apply new knowledge, all of which are essential to development. Genuine measures to improve health are likely to contribute to general socioeconomic advance.Questions:1.Wh at’s essential to improving the well-being of people?2.Wh at’s the definition of health by WHO?3.Why is it complex to achieve the ultimate goal of development?4.What are the two views on the relation between health and development?5.What’s the purpose of this passage?二、英译汉（将下列短文译成汉语，共45分）短文1（20分）From a recent survey, it can be seen that the consumption of water all over the world has been remarkably raised compared with that of last year. Statistics also show that a lot of water resources such as lakes, rivers and oceans have been polluted seriously. As a result, there is less and less space for people to obtain enough healthy water. With the economic development and the increase of thepopulation, we are faced with the lack of water supply. So it is high time for us to find a solution to the problem.There are two main ways to solve the problem. First, with the development of high technology new resources may be found and the present ones can be preserved effectively. Second, measures should be taken to restrain the increase of water consumption. For example, we can advocate the recycling of water in industry.Being one of those whose life has been threatened by the crisis, I would like to do something helpful, such as not wasting water in daily life and spreading the idea of protecting environment. As long as we take it seriously, we will definitely overcome this difficulty.短文2（25分，A、B两篇，只翻译一篇，任选其一）A A better measure of the cost of oil，or any energy source，is the amount of energy required to produce it．Just as we evaluate a financial investment by comparing the size of the return with the size of the original expenditure，we can evaluate any project that generates energy by dividing the amount of energy the project produces by the amount it consumes．Economists call this quantity the “energy return on investment” or E.R.O.I．The E.R.O.I for petroleum has been falling for decades．The trend is most advanced in United States production，where petroleum resources have been exploited the longest and drillers have been forced to look for ever-smaller and ever-deeper pools of oil.This basic trend can be seen around the globe with many energy sources．We’ve most likely already found and tapped the biggest,most accessible and highest E．R．0．I．oil and gas fields，just as we’ve already exploited the best rivers for hydropower．Now，as we're extracting new oil and gas in more extreme environments—in deep water far offshore, for example—and as we're turning to energy alternatives like nuclear power andconverting tar sands to gasoline，we’re spending steadily more energy to get energy．For example，the tar sands of Alberta，likely to be a prime energy source for the United States in the future，have an E．R．0．I．of around 4 to 1，because a huge amount of energy(mainly from natural gas) is needed to convert the sands' raw bitumen into useable oil．B More than 35 years ago, an offshore drilling rig spilled approximately three million gallons of oil into the waters near Santa Barbara．A massive slick covered hundreds of square miles , the white beaches of California turned black with crude．The Santa Barbara spill was a galvanizing event that raised support for the first Earth Day，hastened the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency and led to state and federal moratoriums on new drilling．Today，drilling for oil and gas is barred off 90 percent of America's coastlines；it is allowed，mainly，in the Gulf of Mexico. The offshore moratoriums, along with a ban oil drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, are regarded as triumphs of the environmental movement．As politicians in the White House and Congress are pushing again for exploration in coastal waters and drilling in ANWR, it is worth reconsidering the changes won by the environmental movement, but not only for the supply-enhancing reasons cited by advocates of extracting oil wherever it may be found．The latest battle has not touched upon a depressing fact：every barrel of oil that is not extracted from America must be drilled from someone else's backyard，often with little regard for the consequences．Because our appetite for energy has grown over the decades，new drilling，along with the damage it tends to create，has not been halted；it has been outsourced．三、汉译英（将下列句子、段落译成英语，共30分）1. 句子翻译（10分）（1）在当今的市场，成功的海外业务有助于国内的商业活动。

中石油职称英语等级考试资料大全

第一部分词汇知识通过分析总结历年中石油职称英语考试的词汇试题，我们发现中石油职称英语考试词汇部分考查的重点是：动词在上下文语义环境中的选择，动词短语在上下文语义环境中的选择，同一动词所组成的短语辨析，近义词短语辨析；名词在上下文语义环境中的选择，名词所组成的固定搭配，名词近义词辨析；形容词在上下文语义环境中的选择，形容词所组成的固定搭配；同一词根词汇辨析；常见名言名句考查等。

中石油职称英语试题考查的多是这些词汇项目的常见用法，详细内容请看《中石油2010职称英语考试大纲词汇部分》。

由于形容词、名词考查范围较广，考生最好的复习方式是多做模拟题库中词汇练习部分，在此不做具体解析。

下面我们将对本课重点部分--动词的高频考点一一解析。

动词考纲解读能够在真实的语言环境中恰当使用意义相近的动词、动词短语或固定搭配中的动词。

在动词和动词短语的测试中，几乎绝大多数为基础动词的考查，高的词有：get, tur n, make, put, go, give, break, cut, look, keep, bring, show, pick, hold, fall, carry, pill, catch, call, take等。

我们应该把动词和动词短语的区别放在鲜活的语境中。

(*考生切记：经编者认真考察，每年真题词汇部分必有选择题选自选读课本原文片段或经稍加改变，考生应认真阅读，了解选读文章，具体例子详见试题分析。

)命题趋势动词及其短语的灵活运用是英语的特色之一，也是考生学习中的重点，因此每年均为测试的重点，今后也将继续对其考查。

考查重点将集中在以下几点：1. 易混的基础动词及其短语。

2. 与汉语习惯有出入的动词用法的考查。

3. 部分基础动词及其短语的较高级用法。

突破方法平时要进行大量阅读，在阅读中理解动词及其动词词组的新意义。

知识点解读一•常用动词辨析1. advice, advise, persuade, suggest(1)advice是名词，与动词advise只是一个字母之差，不可混淆。

中石油职称英语通用选读单词解读版

1.Six Golden Rules for Meeting Management <NEW>[ˈɡəuldən]黄金'ru:lz] [ˈmi:tiŋ]会议[ˈmænidʒmənt]管理主持会议六大准则If you are asked to chair a meeting, remember the following six golden rules for meeting management.邀请…主持，椅子[ˈfɔləuiŋ如果要求你主持一个会议，记住以下有关主持会议的六大准则。

1.Always start the meeting on time. If you begin on time, group members who show up late will realize the value of time. [ɡru:p] [ɡru:p] [ˈriəlaiz] [ˈvælju]按时团体晚到实现，意识到价值Beginning on time reflects skill as an effective time manager and sets a precedent for others to follow.[riˈflekt] [skil] [iˈfektiv] [ˈmænidʒə] ˈpresɪdənt] [ˈfɔləu反射，反应技巧有效的干事，经理先例跟随1.总要准时开会。

如果你准时开始，晚到的与会者意识到时间的价值。

准时开始反应了一位善于掌握时间的人的技巧，也给其他人树立了榜样。

2.Assign a note-taker or arrange to have the meeting audiotaped. You may need to refer back to an issue that wasəˈsain] [nəut [ˈteɪkə(r)] [əˈreindʒ] [ˈmi:tiŋ] ['ɔ:dɪəʊˌteɪp] [riˈfə: bæk tu:] [ˈisju:分派记录人整理，改编安排录音重新提到discussed during the meeting at a later date. Good record-keeping is a sign of a good meeting manager as well.[disˈkʌs] [ˈdjuəriŋ] [sain讨论在…中良好的记录记号，签名，特点2.安排一位会议记录或给会议录音。

2005-2010中石油职称英语考试真题语法汇编

05-10年真题语法汇编动词时态(10) 27. Henry and Tom ____ to the parties at the Trade Union every Saturday.A. used to goB. were used to goC. are used to goD. use to go(10) 28. The crewman switched on portable flashlights as the engineer ____ the scene.A. has surveyedB. surveysC. was surveyingD. is surveying(10) 34. It seems oil ____ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take machine apart to put it right.A. had leakedB. is leakingC. leakedD. has been leaking(10) 36. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ____ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A. are to challengeB. have been challengedC. may be challengedD. are challenging（09）21. My husband's arm got hurt the iron tower.（92年四级）a. while we were climbing upb. while he is climbing upc. while he climbed upd. while we climbed up（09）23. The world's supplies of petroleum .（第6套大纲模拟题，32题）a. are gradually exhaustedb. are being gradually exhaustedc. have been gradually being exhaustedd. have gradually exhausted（09）24. The police the records of all those involved in the crime.（考研）a. looking intob. being looked intoc. is looking intod. are looking into（09）40. I decided to go to the concert as soon as I .（四级）a. finish what I didb. finished what I was doingc. would finish what I was doingd. finished what I did（08）26. Since 1939, numerous scientific studies to determine whether smoking is a health hazard.（吸烟与癌症）A. have been conductedB. are conductedC. is conductedD. being conducted （08）39. When I pulled into her driveway, she by the door with her coat on. （我生命中的另一个女人）A. is waitingB. was waitingC. waitsD. waited（07）32. Cooperation should __ for mutual benefit in energy development and utilization.A. be enhancedB. enhanceC. have enhancedD. to be enhanced（07）37. The President declared that the nation's energy demands __ so rapidly since 1968.A. have grownB. had grownC. growsD. has grown（06）35. We shall start at seven if it __ by that time.A. will stop rainingB. has stopped rainingC. will have stopped to rainD. stop to rain （05）22. The oil industry of India ______ two World Wars and withstood the economic, social and political upheavals of a particularly troubled century.a. survivedb. has survivedc. was survived tod. has been surviving（05）28. Between 1890 and 1970 the monetary costs of supplying energy _____ more or less constant or declined.a. to stayb. was stayedc. stayedd. has stayed（05）39. It was something we ________.a. never hear ofb. have never heard ofc. never heard ofd. had never heard of被动语态(10)36. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ____ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A. are to challengeB. have been challengedC. may be challengedD. are challenging （09）23. The world's supplies of petroleum .（第6套大纲模拟题，32题）a. are gradually exhaustedb. are being gradually exhaustedc. have been gradually being exhaustedd. have gradually exhausted（08）26. Since 1939, numerous scientific studies to determine whether smoking is a health hazard.（吸烟与癌症）A. have been conductedB. are conductedC. is conductedD. being conducted （08）38. The teacher thinks that Tom for the accident and instead we should try to comfort him.A. doesn't blameB. is to blameC. isn't to blameD. isn't blamed（07）32. Cooperation should __ for mutual benefit in energy development and utilization.A. be enhancedB. enhanceC. have enhancedD. to be enhanced（06）26. The existence of oil wells ______ for a long time. 04版－45A. been knownB. was knownC. had been knownD. has been known动词不定式（09）26. We regret you that the computers you ordered are out of stock.（05年专升本）a. informing b. to inform c. having informed d. have informed（08）40. The clerk asked Robey later in the day.A. returningB. to returnC. returnD. to be returned（07）31. Devotion means __ our heart on one thing at a time and give up all other thoughts. A. setting B. set C. to set D. that setting（07）39. It's time __ you __ relax.A. for, toB. to, forC. for, forD. to, to（06）21. I would rather ______ here than go home.A. to stayB. stayedC. stayD. staying（06）31. I saw him ______.A. to danceB. dancesC. danceD. being dance独立主格(10)35. ____ nothing more to discuss, the CEO got to his feet, said goodbye and left the meeting room.A. There wasB. BeingC. There beingD. As there being（09）33. All flights because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.（考研）a. had been canceledb. have been canceledc. were canceledd. having been canceled （08）27. All the money , we started looking for work.A. has been spentB. have been spentC. being spentD. having been spent（07）23. The students __ the exercises, the teacher went on to explain the text.A. doingB. didC. having doneD. to do（06）22. The test ______, we began our holiday.A. finishingB. having finishedC. finishedD. being finished现在分词(10)29. ____ W AP technology, people can do their work anywhere anytime.A. UseB. UsingC. Being usedD. Used（09）34. What's the matter? I smell something .（第5套大纲模拟题，24题）a. burnb. burnsc. burningd. being burned（07）29. I hope to hear more about the activities __ there.A. being happenedB. to be happenedC. going onD. being gone on（06）29. Not ______ any letter from him, I gave him a call.A. receiveB. receivingC. receivedD. have received（06）39. Since ___, he had to postpone his departure for Europe.A. he was illB. his illC. being illD. ill（05）25. _______ his arms over his head, Linco ln declared he was the “big buck of the lick.”a. Wave b. Waving c. Waved d. Been waved（05）29. The water ________ Manhattan has been very important to New York.a. surroundb. is surroundedc. surroundingd. surrounded过去分词(10)33. ____ he was a regular customer, the boss allowed 10% discount off the prices of the goods.A. GivingB. Giving thatC. Given thatD. To give that（09）39. in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing.（四级a. Looked atb. To look atc. Looking atd. To be looked at（08）29. An crowd is awaiting the arrival of the famed statesman.A. exciteB. excitedlyC. excitedD. exciting（07）30. The playing cards we use today are much like those __ for hundreds of years. （扑克—手中的历史）A. were usedB. usedC. been usedD. using（05）35. An air ship _______ by energy from the sun has been suggested.a. poweringb. to powerc. is poweredd. powered动名词(10)37. She apologized for ____ the meeting.A. her being able not to attendB. her being not able to attendC. not her being able to attendD. her not being able to attend（09）37. The habit of regular hours is of extreme importance to successful learning.a. keepb. keepingc. to keepd. kept（08）21. The young receptionist doesn't permit in the exhibition center.A. smokingB. to smokeC. smokeD. to have smoked（07）36. While he was in the office, he preferred __ something __nothing.A. to do, to doB. to do, doingC. doing, to doD. doing, to doing（06）30. This room needs ______.A. cleanB. to cleanC. being cleanD. cleaning（06）38. You’ll soon get used to __ a large breakfast in England. 大纲5-35A. eatB. eatingC. it that you eatD. you eat（06）40. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed __A. to be caughtB. to caughtC. caughtD. being caught（05）24. Man uses the energy for everything from flying to the moon to ______ about it.a. thinkb. thoughtc. thinkingd. will think倒装（09）27. Not until the game had began at the sports ground.（2000年四级）a. had he arrivedb. he have arrivedc. he should arrived. did he arrive（07）21. The reward was not always given to everyone, nor __ to those who deserved it most.A. was it givenB. it was givenC. given itD. was given it（06）34. Not till he got home ______ that he had lost his keys.A. he realizedB. did he realizeC. realized heD. he did realize（05）27. The reward was not always given to everyone, nor _____ to those who deserved it most.a. it was not givenb. was it givenc. it was not given nord. was not it given强调（09）28. The medical record shows that it was the drug, not the disease, killed him several years ago.a. thatb. whichc. the effects of itd. the effects of which（08）33. in 1943 the harmful smog made its appearance in Los Angeles.A. Only...thatB. It was...thenC. That it was...whenD. It was...that定语从句(10)23. The residents, ____ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A. all of whose homesB. all of their homesC. all their homesD. all that homes(10)32. The course normally attracts 20 students per year, ____ up to half will be from overseas.A. in whichB. for whomC. with whichD. of whom（09）30. Liquid water changes to vapor, is called evaporation.a. whichb. whatc. thatd. it（08）22. I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.A. whatB. whomC. thatD. which（07）24. If we study day after day, there is nothing __ cannot be achieved.A.thatB. whichC. whomD. we（07）34. Carbon, __ is a very important part of living things on the earth, is rare on the moon. （月球---来自远古之谜）A. whatB. thatC. whichD. it（06）27. Soccer is a fast sport ______ demands strong, hard play.A. whatB. whichC. whereD. in which（05）26. ______ retire are still able to receive pension that they have paid into the social security system during their working days.a. Most peopleb. since most peoplec. Most people ared. Most people who （05）30. The assumption _____ human cloning rests is that all genetic cells contain exact copies of the original set of genetic instructions.a. on whichb. on thatc. at whichd. which状语从句(10)21. Put things back ____you found them.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. since(10)25. Gorillas are quiet animals, ____ they are able to make about twenty different sounds.A. howB. in spite ofC. even thoughD. because of(10)26. ____ the size and nature of a business, its main goal is to earn a profit.A. WhateverB. WhicheverC. WhereasD. Because（08）37. I will leave him a note he will know where we are.A. so thatB. thatC. in orderD. in case名词性从句(10)24. In some countries ____is called "equality" does not really mean equal rights for all people.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. one（09）38. brings us together is we have common interest which transcend those differences.a. That, thatb. That, whatc. What, whatd. What, that（09）40. I decided to go to the concert as soon as I .（四级）a. finish what I didb. finished what I was doingc. would finish what I was doingd. finished what I did（08）24. The ancient Egyptians believed all illnesses were related to was eaten.A. whatB. whichC. itD. that（07）33. __ is not clear.A. That he will comeB. He will comeC. Whether he will comeD. If he will come （06）23. I’m not sure ______.A. why did she refused theft invitationB. why would she refused their invitationC. why have she refused their invitationD. why she refused their invitation（06）32. It was very reluctant ______ she agreed to help.A. forB. whatC. thatD. to（05）36. Most scientists agree _______ was hot for at least a time.（月球---来自远古之谜）a. some of the moon thatb. some of the moon itc. that some of the moond. while some of the moon（05）38. _______ hearing is really produced in all animals by the effect of pressure is not definitely known by scientists.a. If or notb. Whether or notc. have never heard ofd. had never heard of并列结构（09）36. My grandfather has decided to make me go back to college immediately, study my lessons carefully, and .（四级）a. attain my master's degreeb. a master's degree must be attainedc. must attain my master's degreed. to my master's degree I have to attain（05）24. Man uses the energy for everything from flying to the moon to ______ about it.a. thinkb. thoughtc. thinkingd. will think虚拟语气(10)39. ____ right now, she would get there on Sunday.A. Would she leaveB. If she leaveC. Were she to leaveD. If she had left(10)40. I wish I ____ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A. could have sleptB. sleptC. might have sleptD. have slept（09）31. If I you, I would go to look for him.（大纲例句）a. wasb. werec. would bed. am（08）25. If all the continents and mountains were bulldozed fiat, the earth by water more than 12,000 feet deep.A. could have been coveredB. might had been coveredC. is coveredD. would be covered（08）32. to completely cut off its oil supply, it would badly damage its own economy.A. If Iran wasB. Was IranC. If Iran isD. Were Iran（07）28. If Lincoln were alive today, he __ a top athlete in many sports.A. would be C. would have been C. will be D. was（06）28. If that Shell had hit us half a second sooner, it ______ the pilot. 04版－5A. might have hitB. might hitC. must have hitD. would hit（05）37. A group of scientists demanded that the federal government ____ all the studies it has founded on cloning.a. revealb. revealedc. is revealingd. must reveal比较等级（09）29. Sound travels air.（高三语法）a. through water faster andb. where it is faster through water than throughc. faster than through water than throughd. faster than through water and（08）34. The population of Beijing is three times that of Qingdao.A. so large asB. as large toC. as large asD. as larger than（07）25. China is larger than__.A. all countries in AsiaB. Japan and India as well as AsiaC. any other country in AsiaD. any countries in Asia（06）25. China is larger than ______.A. any countries in AsiaB. any other country in AsiaC. all countries in AsiaD. Japan and Thailand as well as Asia（05）23. Although baleen whale may weigh ______ twenty elephants, it feeds on sea plants and animals.a. so much tob. as much toc. so much asd. as much as（05）33. There is also an interest in sea horse, puffers and other salty types with shapes ____ and colors ____ than even the showiest of fresh-water fish.a. more strange…more brightb. stranger…. brighterc. stranger… more brighterd. more strange…brighteras的用法（09）32. I hope all the precautions against air pollution, suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here.（河北省学位英语教程09下半年86页46题）a. whileb. sincec. asd. after（05）21. The basic rock material is referred to ______.a. as the matrixb. be the matrixc. by scientist to be the matrixd. as being the matrix介词（09）35. It's very nice you to help me.a. forb. inc. liked. of（07）39. It's time __ you __ relax.A. for, toB. to, forC. for, forD. to, to情态动词(10)31. You ____ yourself about money.A. need not worryB. have worryC. are not being worriedD. needn't be worried(10)38. I wish to have a word with you, _____?A. must IB. wouldn't IC. may ID. shouldn't I（09）22. You me because I didn't say that.（第2套大纲模拟题，40题）a. must have misunderstoodb. had to misunderstandc. must misunderstandd. must be misunderstanding（08）35. He his office for there was no one to answer the phone.A. must have leftB. must leaveC. may have leftD. can have left（07）38. As a signatory to the Kyoto pact on climate change, Britain __ carbon emissions by 20 percent by 2010.A. had reducedB. must reduceC. may reduceD. ought to have reduced （06）28. If that Shell had hit us half a second sooner, it ____ the pilot. 04版－5A. might have hitB. might hitC. must have hitD. would hit（05）31. For the creatures to become oil, it was necessary that they ______ between layers of rock for an enormous length of time.a. been imprisonedb. shall be imprisonedc. should be imprisonedd. will be imprisoned（05）40. “Could I borrow your bike?”“Yes, you_________”.a. canb. couldc. mayd. would合成词（09）25. The modern long pencil can draw a line 35 miles in length.（万能的铅笔）a. 7-inchedb. 7-inchc. 7-inchsd. 7-inches（07）22. China’s 11th __ plan __ great emphasis on the environment.A. five-years, placesB. five-year, placeC. five-years, placeD. five-year, places（07）27. The income of high school dropouts is about __ that of Americans with a high school diploma.A. two-thirdB. two-thirdsC. second-thirdD. two-three主谓一致(10)30. The news ____heard everywhere.A. hadB. have beenC. wasD. are going to be（08）30. There a lot of on the roads yesterday.A. were...trafficB. was...trafficC. were...trafficsD. was...traffics（07）40. Each of us __ a MP3 player.A. has toB. have toC. have D has（06）24. Each of us ______ thinking the same thing. 04版－5（在时态上改了一下）A. amB. isC. areD. were（05）32. The gas-oil contact or gas-water contact___ the lower limit of producible gas.a. isb. arec. wered. has been名词（08）23. More than two thousands work in this refinery.A. RussiasB. RussianC. Russians D Russia（08）31. China and America are separated by .A. Pacific OceanB. a Pacific OceanC. the Pacific OceanD. Pacific Oceans同位语（08）28. One main branch of sea science, , holds enormous unanswered questions.A. physical oceanographyB. is physical oceanographyC. called physical oceanographyD. what is physical oceanography代词（08）36. Jane's family couldn't agree on where to spend vacation.A. hisB. herC. itsD. their（05）34. _______ was a planted sapling of the American redwood tree.a. There is one of the giftsb. One of the gifts thatc. That one of the giftsd. One of the gifts附加疑问(10)38. I wish to have a word with you, _____?A. must IB. wouldn't IC. may ID. shouldn't I（07）26. You'd like to go with me, __ you?A. hadB. hadn'tC. wouldD. wouldn't（06）37. Let us wait for you in the reading-room, __?A. shall weB. will youC. do weD. can you冠词（07）35. As __ chairman of __ committee, I declare the meeting open.A. the, 不填B. the, theC. 不填, 不填D. 不填, the特殊疑问句（06）33. We would like to hear some more ideas, ____ this matter?A. What do you think toB. How do you think ofC. How is your idea onD. What is your opinion on形容词(10)22. ---Are you going to the football game?---No, the tickets are ____ for me.A. terrible expensiveB. so much expensiveC. far too expensiveD. highly expensive （06）36. Like the old, __ respected in our country.A. the female areB. the female isC. a female isD. female is。

2010中石化职称英语

2010中石化职称英语2010年中石化职称英语考试练习题部分--01练习一(一)用转译法翻译下列各句1.A highly developed physical science is characterized by an extensive use of mathematics(一门高度发展的自然科学的特点是广泛地应用数学。

2.Careful attention must be paid to the construction of the diagram in using this equation( 用这一公式时必须十分注意其图形结构。

3.Infant and young children have a somewhat higher temperature than adults(婴儿和孩童的体温略高于成年人。

4.There is an increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country(我国各地对各种消费品的需求量正大大增加。

5.They are deeply convinced of the correctness of this policy and firmly determined to pursue it.他们深信这一政策是正确的，并有坚定的决心继续奉行这一政策。

6.Rockets have found applications for the exploration of theuniverse(火箭已经用来探索宇宙。

7.Engineers have to know the best and most economical materials to use(工程师必须要知道如何最有效和最经济的使用材料。

8.It was a clear and unemotional exposition of the Presidents reasons for writing to begin a Chinese-Americandialogue(这篇发言清楚明白、心平气和地说明了总统希望开始中美对话的原因(二)用增译法翻译下列各句1.In order to obtain economical flying，apart from speed，the load to be carried and the height at which to fly alsohave to be decided(为了获得经济的飞行效果，除了速度以外，还必须解决飞行负荷和飞行高度的问题。

【VIP专享】2010中石油职称英语考试大纲词汇表中的词组(WORD)版

a matter of 大约，大概a variety of 多种的about to 附近，大约，转向，左右，在附近，关于，在…周围，忙于absent from 缺席according as 根据，取决于according to 根据…所说，随着…而作（相应地）变更account for 解释，是…原因，总计，说出用途adapt oneself to 适应于，（使自己）习惯add up to 合计达agree on 对…达成协议，对…一致意见agree with 同意，适合ahead of 在…前面aim at 瞄准，针对all at once 突然all but 几乎，差一点all of a sudden 突然all over 全部结束，到处，浑身，十分像（口语）all over again 重新，再一遍all the same 仍然all the time 始终allow for 考虑到，体谅along with 连同…一起，随同…一起and so forth 等等and then 于是，然后and yet 可是answer for 负责，保证，符合anything but 绝不apart from 远离，除…之外appeal to 呼吁，要求，诉诸，上诉，有吸引力apply to 将…应用于approve of 赞成，满意as a matter of fact 事实上as a result 结果as a result of 做为结果as far as 远到，直到，至于as for 至于as good as 和…一样，实际上相当于…as long as 只要，在…事后as regards 关于，至于as to 关于，至于as well 倒不如，还是…的好as yet 至今aside from 除…之外ask after 探问，问候ask for 请求，寻找at a loss 困惑，亏本地at all costs=at any costs不惜任何代价，无论如何at all events 无论如何at all time 一直at a time 每次，在某时at any moment 随时at any rate 无论如何，至少at best 最多at first sight 咋一看at hand 在手边，在附近，即将到来at heart 在内心里at intervals(of) 不时，相隔一段时间at large 未被捕，详尽，普遍at length 最后，详细的at most 至多at no time 绝不at one’s disposal 由某人做主，听某人之便，受其管理，由其支配at one time 同时，曾经at present 现在目前at random 胡乱地，随便地at the cost of 以…为代价at the mercy of 受…支配at the moment 此刻at the risk of 冒…的危险at the same time 同时，但是at this rate 照此情形，如此下去at times 有时，不时attach to使依恋，把…放在attribute to 归因于back of 在…后边back up 基于be absorbed in 全神贯注于，专心于be attached to 附属于，喜爱be bound to 一定要…be composed of 由…组成be concerned with参与，干预be fit for 适合于be known as 被认为是be obliged to 不得不bear in mind 记住before long 不久以后begin with 首先beyond question 无可争辩blow out 吹熄，爆裂break away 突然离开，脱离，放弃，（运动中）反攻为守break down毁掉，制服，压倒，停顿，倒塌，中止，垮掉，分解break in 训练，使合用，闯入，打断，开始工作break into 破门而入，侵占break off 中断，折断，突然停止，脱落，暂停，断绝，解除break out 突发，爆发，叫嚷，使做准备，取出，倒空，（口）把…备好待用break through 突围，突破break up 打碎，破碎，分裂，结束，衰落，分解，变坏，驱散bring about 使发生，致使bring back拿回来，使回忆起来，使恢复bring down 打到，击落，打死，降低bring forth 提出，出示，展示bring forward 提出，提前，显示bring into 使开始bring into effect 实施，实现bring into operation 实施，实行bring out 使显示，出版，生产，说出bring up 教育，培养，提出，（军队等）调上来，（船）抵达目的地build up 树立增进增大阻塞burn down 烧为平地，火力减弱burn out 烧坏烧掉烧尽burn up 烧起来烧掉发怒burst out 闯出来大声喊突发but for 要不是by accident 偶然by air 通过航空by all means尽一切办法一定by analogy用类推的方法by and by 不久以后by chance 偶然意外地by comparison 比较起来by itself 单独地独立地自动地by mean of 依靠by mistake 错误地by no means 绝不by oneself 单独独立by reason of 由于因为by virtue of 依靠，由于by way of 经由作为为了call for 要求提倡为…叫喊为…叫call forth 使产生引起使起作用call off 叫走放弃使转移走依次叫名call on 号召呼吁邀请访问指派call up 召唤使想起提出打电话给care for 关怀照顾愿意计较carry into practice 实行实现carry off 夺取…生命获得成功对付carry through 进行贯彻维持catch fire 着火catch one’s breath 恢复正常呼吸catch sight of 瞥见catch up with 赶上逮捕处罚check in 登记报到check out 付账后离开检验合格及格check up 核对检验clear away 清除消失clear up 整理消除放晴come across 遇到come into effect 开始生效come into force 开始有效开始实行come into operation 开始工作开始运转生效come off 离开举行实现成为come on 突然产生要求成为…负担偶遇跟着来开始出台上演快点赶快come out 出来长出传出褪去被展出被解出露出罢工come round来前来绕道而来苏醒转变come through 经历脱险传出捐助come to one’s senses苏醒过来醒悟come ture实现达到come up走近上来发芽流行发生被提出上升讨论出现come up against碰到遭遇come up to达到符合比得上等于come up with赶上提出拿出consist in存在于consist of由…组成count on依靠指望count up把…加起来cut across掩盖cut back修剪消减急忙返回倒叙cut down砍倒胜过消减删节cut in插嘴插入把…插进cut off切断断绝剥夺继承权cut out切掉裁剪出取代停止cut short打断缩减date back to从…时就有，回溯到，远在…（年代）date from起始于溯源到deal in经营derive from得自由来衍生die down变弱逐渐停止渐渐消失die off相继死去die out灭绝逐渐消失differ from不同do away with废除弄死do good做好事有益于do without免除不用double up把…对折弯曲同享合住draw in收引诱接近黄昏缩进开支draw on戴上吸收利用引诱向…提取招来临近draw up草拟停住逼近追上整队dress up盛装打扮装饰伪装drop by随便访问drop in顺便走访顺便进入drop off离开散去逐渐减少死去drop out不参与离去放弃engage in使从事于，参加enjoy oneself过得快乐equal to等于胜任even if即使even then尽管那样即使在那时ever since从那时到现在ever so非常every now and then常常不时地every other每隔所有其他except for除…以外face up to勇敢地面对fall back on求助于退到回头再说fall behind落在…的后面拖欠fall in love with爱上fall in with偶遇同意fall out争吵吵架闹翻解散离队fall through失败成为泡影far from远离远非远不完全不非但不feel like意欲摸上去如同figure out合计为计算出解决断定领会到fill in填充填写填满代替fill out填写使长大变大fill up填补装满淤积find fault挑剔for a while暂时for all尽管for good永久地一劳永逸地for long长久for the moment暂时目前for the present暂时for the purpose of为了for the sake of为了for the time being暂时free from解除没有…的free of无…的在…外面摆脱…的gain an advantage over胜过由于get across（使）越过通过被理解get along生活融洽相处进展有起色get at到达够得着了解指责get away逃脱离开把…送走get by通过混过get down下来吞下写下使沮丧get hold of抓住得到get in进入到达收获插入陷入get into进入陷入穿上get off下来脱下出发被容忍动身开始get on过活融洽相处进展(使)前进（口）发迹进展get on to靠近接近识破理解明白过来get on with继续做get out of从…之中获得… 避免使说出get over爬过克服熬过恢复原谅get the best of胜过… 对…占优势get the better of打败智胜get through到达做完通过度过打通give away送掉分发放弃泄露出卖让步陷下give back归还恢复后退反射（声光）give in投降屈服让步交上宣布give off发出（蒸汽光）长出（枝杈）give out分发发出（气味热）发表用尽筋疲力尽give rise to引起使发生give way撤退让路退让垮掉倒塌屈服go after追逐追求go ahead前进go along with一起去赞同附和go around走来走去供应go back on背弃go by（从…旁）走过依照顺便走访go down下去下沉坠落下降平静下来被咽下被接受传下去go for去找努力获取被认为主张拥护go in for参加追求从事赞成go into进入加入探究变得go into effect生效go into operation生效开始工作go off离开去世消失睡去爆炸被发射进行变质go on继续下去过去发生依靠接近进行依据go out出去熄灭过时罢工向往辞职倒塌go over（渡过…）转变，（对…进行）仔细检查，调色，复习go through经历经受仔细检查用完被通过参加搜查履行go up上升增长被兴建起来go with伴随与…相配和（异性）交朋友go wrong走错路误入歧途（机器等）发生故障hand down传下来宣布hand in hand手拉手联合hand on传递上去hand out把…拿出来分发施舍hand over移交hang about闲荡hang on坚持不挂断靠着渴望有赖于hang on to紧紧握住hang out挂出hang up挂断拖延把…挂起来hardly any几乎没有hardly before一…就…hardly when一…就…have access可以使用可以得到可以接近have an advantage over胜过优于have got拥有have got to do必须做have in mind思念存心have nothing to do with与…无关have something to do with与…有点关系have to do with与…有关head for出发动身前往head on迎面地heart and soul全心全意地help oneself自用hold back踌躇阻止抑制隐瞒hold on继续不挂断停止hold on to坚持hold out伸出提供维持阻止制止(口)扣留声称hold up举起支撑继续下去阻挡拦截if only只要improve on改进improve upon对…加以改进做出比…更好的东西in a hurry匆忙轻易地in a moment立刻in a sense在某种程度上稍稍in accordance with与…一致依照in addition另外in addition to除…之外in advance预先in all总共in any case无论如何in any event无论如何in brief简单扼要地in bulk散装大批in case of假设万一in common共有in concert一致一齐in conclusion最后总之in connection with与…有关连同in consequence 结果in consequence of由于…得缘故in contrast to和…形成对比in contrast with和…形成对比in debt负债in detail详细地in effect有效in essence本质上大体上其实in excess of超过较…多in favour of为…而征战参加支持…的活动in force大量已生效in hand在手上在进行中掌握住in honour of为纪念为庆祝in itself本质上完全地in light of按照根据in line成一条直线一致协调有秩序in line with符合in memory of纪念追念in nature实际上本质上in need of需要in no case绝不in no time 立刻in no way绝不in order整齐状况良好适宜in other words换句话说in part部分地in person亲自外貌上in place在适当的位置适当in place of代替in practice在实践中实际上熟练in proportion to与…成比例in public当众公开地公然地in question正被讨论有疑问in relation to关于涉及与…相比in respect of关于in return作为报答in return for作为…的报答in sequence顺次逐一in short简而言之in sight被看到in step不管in sum步调一致in tears流着泪in the course of在…期间in the distance在远处in the event of如果…发生in the face of面对in the first place首先in the last place最后in the least丝毫一点in the light of按照根据当做in the long run最后in the name of以…名义凭…in the past在过去in the way of关于…方面in the world世界上究竟in total整个地in touch在…能达到的地方在…附近可以接近的可以做到的in truth事实上实在in vain徒然in view在看得见的地方被考虑被期待inasmuch as由于因为independent of不依赖于… 独立于…inform of通知告诉just now刚刚keep an eye on照看密切注视keep back阻止隐瞒留下keep down卧下镇压控制缩减保留keep from阻止隐瞒抑制keep in mind记住keep off让开不接近keep one’s head保持冷静keep one’s word守信keep pace with并驾齐驱keep to遵循keep up不低落维持继续knock down 击倒拆卸拍卖出knock out敲空击倒打破破坏使筋疲力尽know of知道有lack of缺乏短缺的东西laugh at嘲笑漠视因…发笑laugh off一笑置之lay aside搁置积蓄lay down放下放弃lay off解雇停止工作休息划出lay out摆开展示布置安排投资lead the way带路示范leak out导致通向lean on靠着learn by hear记住tleave alone不管leave behind留下遗留超过leave off停止不再穿leave out省去遗漏不考虑lend itself to有助于let alone更不用说let down放下使失望辜负松劲减速下降let go放开释放发射let off放出饶恕准许…暂停工作let out放掉泄露放大出租lie in睡懒觉待产line up整队排列起little by little渐渐live by以…为生live on继续生活以…为主食靠…生活live through度过经受过live up to实践做到long before很早以前look after目送寻求照顾关心look back回顾倒退追忆look at看考虑着眼于look down on轻视看不起蔑视look down upon蔑视瞧不起look for寻找期待look forward to期望期待盼望look in看望顺道访问look like像… 似… 外表特征是look on观看面向旁观看待look out面朝留神照料look over从…上面看察看检查原谅调查从上面看过去look through看穿审核浏览温习从…中显露look up向上看尊敬仰望查寻拜访好转lose heart丧失勇气lose one’s head被砍头不知所措lose one’s temper发脾气lose sight of不再看见忽略忘记major in主修make a difference紧要有差别make certain确定make for走向有利于倾向于导致向前进make friends with与…交友和睦make fun of取笑make one’s way一路前进向前make out书写填写拼凑进展说明设法应付理解辨认出了解make sense 有意义make sure确定确信证实make the best of充分利用尽力而为make the most of尽量利用充分利用make up弥补虚构缝制整理包装和解编辑化妆补足拼凑make up for补偿make up one’s mind下决心接受承认决定make use of使用利用make way前进让路mark out规划使注定要may as well最好mix up混合混淆调好next door隔壁next to靠紧…旁边次于（口）几乎no less than正如不少于no matter what无论何事no more不再no more than只是no other than只有正是no sooner than一…就…no wonder不足为奇的not at all一点也不not nearly远非not to mention不必提及nothing but只是now and then偶尔now that既然object to反对occur to想起想到off and on断断续续的off duty下班on a large scale大规模地on account of由于on an average平均起来on behalf of代表… 为了…的利益on board到船上在船上on business因公on condition that如果on duty值班上班on earth在世上究竟on end竖着连续地on fire起火非常激动on foot走路on guard在岗警惕on hand在手头即将发生在场on occasion有时on one’s guard警惕on one’s own独自地独立地主动地on purpose故意on sale代售的拍卖的on schedule按时on second thoughts进一步考虑后on show被展出on the average平均按平均计算一般地说on the basis of以…为基础on the ground of以…为理由on the point of正要…的时候on the road在旅途中on the side of站在…一边赞助on the spot当场在危险中处于负责地位on the whole大体上基本上on trial在试验中在受审once for all只此一次once and for all断然地坚决地once in a while偶尔once more再一次once upon a time从前one after another一个又一个地one another彼此相互or else否则or so大约other than不同于除了out of breath上气不接下气out of control不受控制out of date过时的废弃的out of door在户外露天out of order次序颠倒不整齐状态不好out of place不在适当的位置不合适out of practice荒疏久不习练out of sight在看不见的地方out of the question不可能over and over again反复再三owing to由于因…缘故pass away去世pass on去世传递pay back偿还报答报复pay for偿还赔偿pay up全部付清pick out挑选pick up掘地捡起获得恢复原状加快看到识别出加速piece together拼凑play a part扮演一个角色参与装腔骗人prior to在前居先provide for作准备供养规定provide with给…提供以…装备pull down摧毁推翻使降低使身体变差使下跌使萎靡领取pull in进站靠岸pull off脱努力实现赢得pull on穿戴继续拉pull out拔出离开渡过难关恢复健康pull up拔起停下阻止put across圆满完成使被接受put aside撇开存储…备用put away放好存储…备用处理掉放弃抛弃put down放下拒绝镇压羞辱消减记下制止取缔put forward放出拿出提出推举出put in放进提出提交插入进入使就职种植进港put in for申请put into effect实行实施使生效实现put into operation使生效put off推迟拖延搪塞使分心使厌恶扔掉脱掉劝阻put on穿上把…放在上面装出假装增加欺骗添上（使）靠…维持生命put out放出伸出生产消除打扰麻烦作出努力使退场put to use使用利用put up举起抬起进行提供表现出建造提名推举put up with忍受容忍quite a few相当多的rather than胜于refer to查阅提到谈到打听relative to相对于remind of提醒是记起result from由…产生result in导致right away立刻ring off挂断电话停止谈话走掉离开ring up把（款项）记入现金记录机打电话给某人登录round about周围向相反方向迂回地大约run away with带…潜逃获得消耗轻易接受失控run down跑下耗尽停止撞到（经过搜索后）找到追捕到追溯逐渐恶化run into跑进撞上偶遇陷入达到run out of用完run over跑过去溢出超过限度匆匆看碾过扼要复述放完run through跑着穿过刺戳贯穿匆匆处理划掉挥霍see about查询留意于see off送行see through看穿识破see to负责注意send for召唤派人去拿send in递送呈报send off寄出派遣解雇给…送行serve for充当用作set about开始散布攻击着手set apart使分离使分开留出时间金钱等set aside留出不顾取消驳回set back阻碍使受挫折把（指针）往回拨使退步花费set down放下使下车使着陆登记把…归于击败把…看作记下放下制定set fire to纵火烧set forth阐明宣布提出陈列出发把（会议等）提前动身set free释放set off出发动身使爆炸引起使爆发衬托set out出发开始装饰陈列测定宣布移植陈述启程set up设立竖立架起升起装配创（记录）提出开业settle down定居平静下来专心于shake off抖落摆脱short of缺乏达不到除…以外只要没有show up揭露露出露面shut down把窗子等放下关下使机器关闭停车shut up关闭关上…全部门窗监禁住口保藏side by side并排并肩sit for坐着slow down使慢下来slow up使慢下来so as只要so far迄今为止so far as只要so long as只要sooner or later迟早spring up跳起来stand against抵抗stand by支持遵守袖手旁观准备行动stand for代表代替象征支持做…的候选人stand out站起来突出坚持抵抗stand up站起来竖立站得住脚坚持经得起拥护抵抗stand up for支持stand up to勇敢地抵抗step up走近逐步增加提升提高stick out伸出stick to黏住stir up激起鼓动煽动subject to使服从使遭受suffer from忍受遭受sum up计算…的总数概括总结switch off切断switch on接通take s chance冒险take a delight in喜爱以…为乐take advantage of利用take after像学样take apart拆开粗暴对待剖析take away取走take charge of负责看管take delight in乐于take down拿下记下拆卸病倒take effect见效生效take for认为以为take in接受接待吸收理解包括轻信注意到欺骗take into account重视考虑take off拿掉取消脱衣起飞减弱离开岔开复制take on披上呈现具有雇佣承担盛气凌人接纳流行take one’s time从容不迫take out拿出取出去掉出发取得扣除抵充发泄take over把…从一地带到另一地接收接管take pains尽力耐心take shape成形形成具体化有显著发展take the place of代替take to开始喜欢沉溺于走向照料求助于适应take turns轮流一次take up拿起开始从事继续吸收责备拘留占据认购talk over详尽地商议商量讨论说服tear up撕碎thanks to由于the moment立刻马上刚才the same as与…同样的think better of重新考虑决定不做较高评价think of考虑关心想起想象有…的看法think of as把…看作think over仔细考虑重新考虑throw away扔掉丢弃throw up呕吐猛地举起放弃产生使显眼to and for来回地往返地to the point中肯扼要touch on略微谈到try out试验考验提炼tune in收听收看turn down拒绝把…调低关小turn in向内拐上床睡觉上缴出卖告发做出取得turn off关掉避开使转变方向生产制造用车床加工出使厌烦变成turn on开启变得兴奋突然装出开始turn overturn out打扫驱逐使外倾生产起床翻出制造关掉turn to转向变成求助于致力于开始行动turn up找到发现出现折起拐入卷起使仰卧突然发生under control被控制住under the circumstances在这种情况下因为这种情况under way进行中在进行up to一直到等于up to date最近的最新的use up用完耗尽wait on服侍招待拜访焦急地等待warm up热身加热变暖感到亲切激动warn of警告某人关于某事wash up洗餐具watch out密切注视当心提放wear off逐渐减弱消失磨损耗损wear out消瘦穿破用坏克服消磨疲劳wind up卷起卷拢上紧…的发条结束使振奋使紧张wipe out消灭垮台（滑雪时）翻到电信封闭with regard to关于with respect to关于至于with the exception of除…以外with the purpose of以…为目的without question毫无疑问without exception毫无例外地一律word for word逐字地work on继续工作设法说服影响work out可以解决设计出做出计算出消耗完worthy of值得的应得的write off一口气写成的写信寄出注销勾销取消。

中石油职称晋级英语考试高频词汇

1.agree on 商定，决定，达成共识The two parties agreed on the date of the meeting. 双方就开会的日期达成了一致2.ask ... for 询问、向…要He asked me for a cup of water. 他向我要杯水3.be popular with sb. 受某人欢迎The book is popular with students of English. 这本书很受英语专业学生的欢迎4.be rich in 在…充足充裕It is rich in sugar and fat .5.begin ... with 从…开始Begin the party with a dance. 以舞蹈开始晚会6.break away from 脱离…the south to break away from the Union南部各州从联邦中脱离7.break out 突然发生、爆发SARS broke out in 2003.8.break the rule 违反规定Everyone obeys the rules; anyone who breaks the rules is punished.(违反规定的人将受到惩罚)9.bring down １. 降低Can you try to get them to bring down the price ?10.bring in 引进、引来、吸收They started to use English, but they also brought in some words from their own languages.引进自己的语言11.bring up 教育、培养Chaplin was brought up by his mother.12.blow away 刮走、吹走Strong winds can also blow away the valuable soil吹走有价值的土壤.13.blow over 风吹翻、刮翻Three famous parks in and around London had over trees blown over.14.blow down 风吹倒Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the high winds.15.cut off 切断The electricity was cut off for several days too.16.call at （a place）访问某地He called at the hospital after work to find out whether Mr King was better.17.call on sb. 拜访、访问So I called on you and asked if I could lend me a hand.18.call back 回电话Can you ask him to call me back ?19.call for 要求、号召People are calling for freedom.20.call in 招集、招来(警察、军队等)The army was called in to cut through fallen trees and to help clear the roads and paths.21.catch fire 着火Suddenly a pan of oil catches fire.22.care for 喜欢、想要I care for reading magazines.23.be carried away by 被…迷住He was carried away by her songs.24.carry off 夺走The tiger carried off the rabbit in its mouth.25.carry out 开展、执行、实现carry out experiments26.change .. into 把…变成，转换成Change these sentences from Direct Speech into Indirect Speech. 把句子由直接引语转换成间接引语27.clear away 把…清除掉She is clearing away the leaves on the ground.e about 发生、产生How did these differences come about ?e across 偶然遇到A man was walking through a wood and he came across a hunter.e off 从…离开，脱落My raincoat got caught in the door and the button came offe out 出发、出版、发行How did the printing come out ?e to 共计、达到The total money collected had come to over million dollars. 筹集的钱已经超过了100万e true 变为现实，实现I’ve always dreamt of coming to China, and now my dream has come true.e up 抬头、上来、上升He soon comes up for breath. 他不久就从水中上来喘气了pare to 把…比喻成The baby is compared to a bear.pare ... with 把…与…进行比较Sometimes it is necessary to compare English with Chinese.37.connect to 连接、相连The room is connected to the rest of the house by a long passage.走廊38.connect with 与…相连How is one telephone connected with another today ?39.consider ... as 把某人看作Today, Abraham Lincoln is considered as one of the greatest of all American presidents.40.consider doing ... 考虑做某事Have you considered having a walk after supper ?41.cut off 切断Many towns and villages had their water supply cut off because there was no electricity.42.cut through 剪断、凿穿The army was called in to cut through the mountain to build a road through it.43.deal with 处理、对付Here is some advice for dealing with the problems.44.depend on 依靠、相信、信赖you can depend on us, sir.45.die of 死于…Tens of thousands of people died of hunger.46.die out 消失、灭亡However , many of these are dying out.47.divide... into... 把…分成…Ireland is divided into two countries.48.do a good deed 做件好事She was determined to do a good deed.49.do one’s best 尽某人的最大努力The farmers do their best to supply the market with enough vegetables.50.do sb. a favor 帮某人一个忙Do me the favor to turn on the light.51.do well 做的好He’s doing well in the school52.do wrong 做坏事、犯罪His family had done much wrong .53.dream of 向往、渴望、梦想I’ve always dreamt of coming to China.54.drop in 顺便走访某人I’ll drop in and leave the new address.55.eat up 吃光、吃完I ate up all the food I could find in the fridge.56.earn one’s living 谋生Many people earn their living by writing music.57.end up 结束、告终It is probable that one day we will end up with death58.fall off 跌落、下降The house moved and a few pictures fell off the wall.59.fall in love with 爱上…Two men fell in love with painting.60.fall over 跌倒、倒下The old man fell over and lay still.61.get along with 与…相处All the other students get along very well with each other.62.get back 回来、返回See you when I get back.63.get close to 接近There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters could not get close to the building.64.get in touch with 与…联系They promised to get in touch again with each other.65.get off 脱下Please get your coat off.66.get married 结婚The person getting married is a relative of my mother.67.get through 通过、拨通电话I can’t get through. The line’s busy.68.get together 聚会、联欢We must get together some other time for a chat.69.get into the habit of 染上…的习惯Nicotine is a drug that gets one into the habit of smoking.70.give advice 提建议Give advice to your friend.71.give back归还、退还I would like you to change this blouse , or else give me my money back.72.give in 屈服、让步King called for black people not to give in but to continue the struggle.73.give up 放弃One habit is smoking. He can’t give it up.74.go away 走开、离开、逃跑Did you stay at home or did you go away ?75.go ahead 用吧、请便吧I wonder if I could use your phone. ---- Sure. Go ahead.76.go bad 食物变坏、坏掉The potatoes went bad in the soil.77.go off 离开When are you going off to Guangzhou ?78.go on doing sth. 继续干某事Sometimes we go on working after dark.79.go on with 继续With the pay that he received, he went on with his studies at university.80.go up 上涨、上升I believe prices might go up next week.81.grow up 生长Do they grow up by themselves ?82.hand in 交上来、递交The report Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race.83hand out 分发It seems necessary to hand out the listening text to the students.84.have a good trip 一路顺风Of course. Good luck. Have a good trip.85have a talk with 与…谈话Yang Mei is having a talk with her teacher Sara about learning English.86.have a seat 坐下Come in and have a seat.87.have a test 参加测验I had a test last week and got a full mark.88.have a word with 和…说句话Please , could I have a word with her ?90.have difficulty in doing sth. 做…有困难麻烦Others may have difficulty in moving.91.have ... on 戴着、穿着Having a black hat on, he carried a stick.92.have sports 进行体育活动Do you often have sports at school?93.hear about 听说Well , what else did you hear about at the meeting ?94.help ... out 帮助某人解决困难You remember my friend who helped me out?95.hold one’s breath 屏息、不出声Mrs. Cousins held her breath , and her whole body went cold.96.hold up 阻挡、把住If it is possible , hold up the part of the body which is bleeding.97.insist on 坚持、坚持认为I insist on telling him how great you were.98.join in 参加、加入I joined in the singing contest.99.join up 联合起来、联接起来Northern and Southern states joined up again as one country.100.keep a record 作记录It also keeps a record of the date on which they will travel.101.keep back 留下Finally, he did not give her the right change , but kept back five pounds.102.keep fit 保持健康So people will be advised to keep fit in many ways.103.keep in ouch with 与…保持联系Although many families became separated, people still kept in touch with each other.104.keep on doing sth. 继续做某事In the years that followed, Marx kept on studying English and using it.y the table 摆设餐具准备吃饭What’s wrong with these eggs? ----Don’t ask me, sir, I only laid the table.106.lead a simple life 过着简朴的生Today, life has improved for the population, although many farmers in the west continue to lead a simple life.107.lead to 导致、导向He began the research and studies which led to his new discoveries in physics.108.learn ... by heart 记住、背诵They used to learn hundreds of songs by heart.109.let ... in 让…进来、放进I spoke to her and persuaded her to let me in110.live on 以…为主食、以…为生They lived mainly on potatoes.111.look down upon 看不起、轻视The boss looked down upon women.112.look forward to 盼望I look forward to receiving your reply.113.look out 留神、当心Look out ! The pan’s on fire.114.look round = look around仔细查看A person was looking round in the house to look for his watch.115.lose heart 失去信心、灰心He did not lose heart.116.lose one’s life 死、牺牲Over a hundred people lost their lives in the fire.117.lose weight 减肥、降体重I advise you to lose some weight.118.make a good effort 作很大的努力He made a good effort.119.make a record 录制唱片He’s made lots of records.120.make a plan for 为…作计划Now it is much easier to make plans for your trips.121.make fun of 取笑某人Political leaders were not well thought of and those songs often made fun of them.122.make progress 取得进步Are you making good progress?123.make up 编出Make up a dialogue , using the following as a guide.124.make up one’s mind 下决心I haven’t made up my mind yet.125.make sure 查明、确信We must make sure that they can enter the building.126.make use of 利用127.pay ... a visit 访问…I think it will be necessary for me to pay you a visit and see where you live.128.pay attention to 注意、留心you should pay attention to the children wherever they are playing.129.pay back 偿还借款等Well , after all these years we’ve at last paid back all the money.130.pick out 挑出Pick out the wrong sentences and correct them.131.pick up 接收It is necessary to use a short - wave radio to pick up the programs.132.拾起、捡起They can’t pick up the small pieces with their fingers.133.play a part in 在…方面起作用Most Irish people go to church every Sunday and the church plays an important part in people’s lives.134.point out 指出He pointed out that it was important to study English well.135.point to 指向Pointing to the young plant, he asked me if that was the plant we had seen.136.prevent .. from 妨碍、防止That is because this professor has a disease which prevents him from speaking .137.push over 推倒、刮倒For these reasons , the strong winds push over the trees very ea y.138.put down 记下Put down the gentleman’s address.139.put ... in prison 把…投进监狱put some of them in prison140.put on performances 演出Put on performances.141.put on weight 发福、增加体重Because of this , they put on weight very ea y.142.put out 扑灭、关熄Office workers tried to put out the fire.143.put up 贴广告等Please write a notice for the students and put it up.144.refer to 谈到、提到、涉及、有关What do you refer to ?145.refer to ... as 把…叫着…Once people would often be referred to as “deaf”or “blind”146.ring back 回电话Can you ask her to ring me back , please ?147.ring off 挂断电话、停止讲话148.run out of 用完The question is that we shall run out of food soon149.see ... off 为…送行Is anybody seeing you off ?150.send out 发射、派遣What a lot of invitations to send out!151.set an example 树立榜样By doing this he set an example to the rest of the world.152.set ... free 释放某人In the end all prisoners were set free.153.set off 动身、起程He set off for the USA.154.set up 建立、创立They will set up a new training centre.155.show ... out 领…出去One moment ----- let me show you out, sir.156.shout at 对…大声叫嚷I went on shouting at him while everyone else was looking at him. 157.lose one’s sight 丧失视力Many of the injured lost their sight .158.speed up 加快速度If you want to speed up your work , you should use a computer. 159.spend ... doing sth. 做…花We spent the weekend resting after our journey160.spend ... on 在…花费钱They will spend almost million yuan on the project.161.stand for 代表、向征The letters “UK”stand for “The United Kingdom162.stay up 熬夜Last night, she stayed up.163.stick to 坚持But Einstein stuck to his opinion and went on with his research. 164.suffer from 遭受The peasants had to pay heavy taxes and suffered greatly from hunger. 165.take it easy 放心好了、别着急Take it easy ! I’ve just called the First Aid Centre.166.take part in 参加Every four years athletes all over the world take part in the Olympic Game.167.take place 发生The dialogue takes place at a tailor’s shop.168.take up 占去、占领I think we should get this one , although it will take up more space in the room.169.take the place of 代替、取代Millions of young trees have already been planted to take the place of those which were blown over.170.tell lies 说谎Recently I’ve discovered that he’s started to tell lies.171.throw away 扔掉After you printed the book , you had to throw away the carved pieces of wood.172.throw at 向…扔去She looked around the kitchen for something to throw at the lion.173.throw up 吐出、呕吐Make the person throw up.174.translate... into ... 把…译成…He said when people are learning a foreign language, they should not translate everything into their own language.175.turn down 关小、调低Let me turn the music down.176.turn ... into ... 把…变成…If we cut down forests, we’ll turn the land into a desert.177.turn off 关掉水、电、收音机Before you leave the lab, make sure the electricity is turned off在您离开实验室之前，确定电被关闭。

2010年中石油职称英语职称考试大纲模拟试题答案及部分试题答案解析

英语职称考试大纲中模拟试题答案及部分试题答案解析模拟试题一参考答案及部分试题答案解析一、答案I。

Vocabulary1-20 ACBBD BBAAC DCCDB DCBCDII. Grammatical Structure21—40 ABCCB DDCCB DBACD CDACDIII. Reading Comprehension41-60 DDCBD ACDDD DDABC DCBAB61-70 CBADC DBACCIV. Translation翻译答案略，请参考2007年版通用英语选读相关课文。

二、解析I. V ocabulary1.【答案】A【译文】我只能看到远处一辆汽车，可是分辨不出汽车的颜色。

【试题分析】词组辨析题.【详细解答】make out意为“辩认出，理解”，符合句意。

look to“照顾,负责”；look out“当心，提防”；take in“容纳,理解，欺骗(多用于被动态）"，均不符合句意.2。

【答案】C【译文】新的科学发现应用于工业生产方法上常使工作更容易做.【试题分析】此题为形近词辨析题.【词义辨析】application应用、运用：the application of theory 理论的运用。

A。

addition增加,一般用于in addition to”除…之外”结构中，此处不符合句意，科学发现不是“增加到”工业生产方法上，而是“应用到”工业生产技术中。

B. association联系，联想；协会；结交：I’m working in association with another person. 我与另外一个人合伙工作。

D. affection爱情；爱；影响。

3。

【答案】B【译文】他咕噜地说了些什么，仿佛泄露了一个秘密,脸一下红了.【试题分析】此题为形近词辨析题,题干中“secret”和“blush”为关键词，“mumble"并不影响答案的选择.【词义辨析】expose暴露；泄露：be exposed to the sun暴露在阳光之下.A。

2010年中石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案

2010年中石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案I. VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. It is possible to predict how much energy and water a building will consume, how much _______ will be needed.A. matterB. thingsC. materialD. substance2. They found that the positive thinkers sold 37 percent more insurance than did the_______ thinkers.A. negativeB. positiveC. activeD. passive3. In labs around the world, bad bugs are undergoing the ultimate rehabilitation, being _______ from life-threatening viruses and bacteria into lifesaving therapeuticagents.A. translatedB. transportedC. transformedD. transmitted4. The fresh air is sometimes humid from the _______rainfall of this area.A. numerousB. abundantC. plentyD. substantive5. We know that many animals _______ the deep seas at pressures of 15,000 pounds per square inch.A. live onB. live inC. live throughD. live up to6. Speakers and writers of the Germanic languages _______for a great deal of the world's output in everything from economics to literature to military to science and technology.A. accountB. allowC. applyD. arrange7. _______of the great state of Illinois, let me express my deepest gratitude for the privilege of addressing this convention.A. On accountB. In honorC. In placeD. On behalf8. The companies that are finding ways to hang on to their older workers _______ from an intangible commodity: wisdom.A. obtainB. earnC. developD. benefit9. I raced to_______ Jill.A. keep onB. keep up withC. come up withD. come up to10. Managers need to monitor inflation trends so they can make good _______.A. decisiveB. decisionsC. decideD. decided11. Fluency can be _______ defined as "being able to communicate ideas without having to stop and think too much about what one is saying."A. simpleB. simplyC. similarD. simplify12. The number of vehicles has been steadily increasing. _______, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide that exceed legally established limits.A. ContinuouslyB. ConsequentlyC. ConstantlyD. Consistently13. A(An) _______ is better than the text and may make the point clear.A. interpretationB. representationC. illustrationD. draw14. Some of the world's best mountain _______ is available within the 500-kilometer long chain of the Southern Alps.A. sceneB. sceneryC. scarceD. scare15. After a through research, the police __ most of the missing jewels.A. retreatedB. refreshedC. recoveredD. reminded16. A gold-rated building is estimated to have reduced its environmental impact by 50% compared with a(an) __ conventional building.A. equivalentB. alikeC. uniformD. likely17. When pessimists __ in their first attempt, they usually say, "I can't do this."A. feelB. failC. defeatD. lost18. Six years __ before she got another note from Teddy.A. went intoB. went aroundC. went byD. went on19. The company owns a large number of _______ stores.A. exportB. bargainC. retailD. trade20. The cost of self-education has fallen with the multitude of sources of knowledge and information _______ on CD-ROMs and the Internet.A. preferableB. readyC. availableD. considerableII. Grammatical StructureDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.21. Put things back _______ you found them.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. since22. --Are you going to the football game?--No, the tickets are _______ for me.A. terrible expensiveB. so much expensiveC. far too expensiveD. highly expensive23. The residents, __ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A. all of whose homesB. all of their homesC. all their homesD. all that homes24. In some countries _______ is called "equality" does not really mean equal rights for all people.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. one25. Gorillas are quiet animals, _______ they are able to make about twenty different sounds.A. howB. in spite ofC. even thoughD. because of26. _______ the size and nature of a business, its main goal is to earna profit.A. WhateverB. WhicheverC. WhereasD. Because27. Henry and Tom __ to the parties at the Trade Union every Saturday.A. used to goB. were used to goC. are used to goD. use to go28. The crewman switched on portable flashlights as the engineer __ the scene.A. has surveyedB. surveysC. was surveyingD. is surveying29. _______ WAP technology, people can do their work anywhere anytime.A. UseB. UsingC. Being usedD. Used30. The news _______ heard everywhere.A. hadB. have beenC. wasD. are going to be31. You __ yourself about money.A. need not worryB. have worryC. are not being worriedD. needn't be worried32. The course normally attracts 20 students per year, __ up to half will be from overseas.A. in whichB. for whomC. with whichD. of whom33. _______ he was a regular customer, the boss allowed 10% discount off the prices of the goods.A. GivingB. Giving thatC. Given thatD. To give that34. It seems oil _______ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take machine apart to put it right.A. had leakedB. is leakingC. leakedD. has been leaking35. __ nothing more to discuss, the CEO got to his feet, said goodbye and left the meeting room.A. There wasB. BeingC. There beingD. As there being36. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas __ today and are being modifiedby the work of scientists of our time.A. are to challengeB. have been challengedC. may be challengedD. are challenging37. She apologized for __ the meeting.A. her being able not to attendB. her being not able to attendC. not her being able to attendD. her not being able to attend38. I wish to have a word with you, _______ ?A. must IB. wouldn't IC. may ID. shouldn't I39. __ right now, she would get there on Sunday.A. Would she leaveB. If she leaveC. Were she to leaveD. If she had left40. I wish I __ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A. could have sleptB. sleptC. might have sleptD. have sleptIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:By direct observations and many experiments, biologists have discovered that practically all animals have some sense of hearing or vibration. Earthworms feel vibrations in the soil, fish can be trained to respond to certain tones, male mosquitoes are attracted by the sound of the female, and frogs will respond to a tape recording of their own voices.The inner ear is composed of delicate membranes which bear dense patches of specialized cells called maculae. Each of these collections of cells can carry a message to the brain. What message is carried by a macula depends upon how it is affected. The message which is carried is not, however, always connected with the hearing sense. For instance, a certain kind of tadpole can tell the depth of the water it is swimming in by the pitch of a tone which is produced by its own lungs.In the human and all other mammals, the macula has developed into an organ which can easily be seen. This organ is called the cochlea. This spiral shaped organ contains the macula itself and it is called "organof Corti" after its discoverer. If you have ever seen a snail shell, you know how a cochlea looks.When sound waves enter the cochlea, which is really a tube coiled around, they set a membrane into a back and forth motion and cause a new wave. This is something like the way in which high and low sounds are produced by a flute or whistle. The high sounds are produced when the air is prevented by the holes from going through, while the low sounds are produced by allowing more of the air to pass. All this is what produces the differences between high and low sounds. The loudness of a sound is evidently produced by how much the membrane is cause to move.Whether or not hearing is really produced in all animals by the effect of pressure is not definitely known by scientists as yet. We do know, however, that nature has set up some very delicate hearing mechanisms for its creatures. Scientists must explore much further for more knowledge about how animals use their ears.41. According to the article practically all animals have some sense ofA. directionB. hearingC. vibrationD. both B and C42. The cochlea is foundA. in fishB. only in humansC. in all animalsD. in all mammals43. Scientists knowA. that all animals have a cochleaB. very little about hearing in animalsC. that mosquitoes cannot hear soundsD. that hearing is produced by air pressure in mammals.44. The article is mostly about __A. how sound is producedB. learning by observingC. the workings of the inner earD. outer ear formation in various animals45. According to Mr. Daniel’s e-mail, what is he concerned about?A. Living expensesB. His salaryC. Commuting to workD. His vacation days46. What does Ms. Answers suggest Mr. Daniels do?A. Establish a budgetB. Speak with his bossC. Look at train faresD. Consult a guide book47. In Ms. Answers' e-mail, the word "track" in paragraph 3, line 4, is closest in meaning toA. footstepB. coverC. recordD. roadway48. What does Ms. Answers say about the subway?A. It is new.B. It is dirty.C. It is inefficient.D. It is inexpensive.Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:Ostrum GE, the second largest power company in the Nordic countries, officially opened its first Hydrogen Energy Station (HES), with technology products provided by Gredler Energy Systems Corporation. The new station will supply clean hydrogen fuel to three fuel cell buses as part of the prestigious Green Europe Advanced Transport (GREAT) program. Stockholm (斯德哥尔摩) is one of four GREAT cities that will be using Gredler Energy hydrogen infrastructure products.Mr. Peter Russell, Chief Operating Officer of Gredler Energy, was in Stockholm for the station opening and commented, "The opening of this station represents the first step in the introduction of a hydrogeninfrastructure in the City of Stockholm. Ostrum and the City of Stockholm have taken an essential step towards creating a pathway to environmentally sustainable urban transportation solutions and we are delighted to be part of this important movement."The Stockholm HES is comprised of four modules: pressurized water electrolysis-based hydrogen generation, compression, high-pressure storage and hydrogen fuel dispenser. The station is capable of producing approximately 120kg per day of high-purity, high-pressure hydrogen using Gredler Energy's proprietary technology. Each fuel cell bus carries approximately 40kg of hydrogen at 350bar (5,000psi).Gredler Energy Systems Corporation is the world leading developer and supplier of integrated hydrogen solutions, all using the company's proprietary hydrogen generation water electrolysis technology along with products from corporate partners.49. Who will be in charge of the new hydrogen energy station7A. Oredler Energy SystemsB. Ostrum GEC. The GREAT ProgramD. The City of Stockholm50. How much hydrogen will the new station produce each day?A. 40kgB. 120kgC. 350barD. 5,000psi51. The word "sustainable" in paragraph 2, line 5 is closest in meaning toA. livableB. deliverableC. maintainableD. combustible52. What is true about the GREAT program?A. It operates in four countries.B. It is operated by the Gredler Corporation.C. It promotes the use of non-polluting fuels.D. It studies the effects of hydrogen on the atmosphere.Questions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:The rise of multinational corporations, global marketing, newcommunication technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR.Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an American invention, the U.S. leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. Twenty years ago, for example, the world's top five public relations agencies were American-owned. In 2003, only one was. The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative.A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate planning activities, compared to about one third of U.S. companies. It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR.Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts in knowing a second language. Less than 5 percent of Burson-Marshall's U.S. employees know two languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage. Conversely, some European firms have half of more of their employees fluent in a second language. Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs. In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal. Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, publications not often read in this country.Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN. Turner recently announced that the word "foreign" would no longer be used on CNN news broadcast. According to Turner, global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such thing as foreign.53. According to the passage, U.S. leadership in public relations is being threatened because ofA. an unparalleled increase in the number of public relations companiesB. increased efforts of other countries in public relationsC. shrinking cultural differences and new communications technologiesD. the decreasing number of multinational corporations in the U.S.54. The word "provincial" (Line 2, Para. 3) most probably means __A. limited in outlookB. like people from the provincesC. rigid in thinkingD. interested in world financial affairs55. We learn from the third paragraph that employees in the American PR industryA. speak at least one foreign language fluentlyB. are not as sophisticated as their European counterpartsC. are ignorant about world geographyD. enjoy reading a great variety of English business publications56. What lesson might the PR industry take from Ted Turner of CNN?A. American PR companies should be more internationally-minded.B. The American PR industry should develop global communication technologies.C. People working in PR should be more fluent in foreign language.D. People involved in PR should avoid using the word "foreign"Questions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:On the night of August 17, 1959, at about 20 minutes before midnight, the ground in the vicinity of Yellowstone National Park began shaking violently. At the time there was a rumbling sound, something like a huge truck would make. Both the heaving of the ground and the noise were very frightening but lasted not quite 45 seconds.This earthquake near Yellowstone Park was just one of nearly a million that happen every year all over the world. And as bad as this quake was, many have been worse. Earthquake experts say that the Yellowstone quake of 1959 was about as bad as the one which hit San Francisco in 1906. But the San Francisco quake caused more damage because it struck in a place where there were so many people living. In San Francisco 700 persons lost their lives. An earthquake in Japan in 1923 took 160,000 lives. In China in 1920 an earthquake took 200,000 lives. It is easy to understand why earthquakes are so feared.What causes these terrible shakes of the very ground on which we live?To answer that question we must first understand some things about the earth itself. Forty miles deep in the earth is the edge of the outer crust of the earth, and there it is so hot that instead of hard rock there is material much like the hot lava that a volcano erupts. It is the earth's40-mile deep crust with which we are concerned when we seek the cause of earthquakes. The earth's crust is formed of many different layers of rocks. The layers of rocks are not laid evenly, as a bricklayer would build a wall. Instead, the earth's crust is made of rock layers that are often uneven and not perfectly balanced. Because of the great weight pressing down on them, these layers tend to fold downward at weak spots, and this finally causes an actual break in the crust. When this break occurs, or when the sides of an old break slip, the earth quakes, or shakes, while the crust is settling into a new position.Sometime these faults are very small, and we then feel only a little tremor. The tremor may even be so light that only the most delicate machine will record it. Most earthquakes are of this weak kind. Sometimes a break in the earth's crust comes about, which starts such a landslide as that which occurred in Madison Canyon. It then takes not one, but many shakes for the earth to heal the fault and settle. That is why many after-shocks follow a major earthquake. Sometimes these go on for several years.57. The Yellowstone earthquake wasA. one of the more severeB. not severeC. the worst in U.S. historyD. a very small one58. The San Francisco quake was worse than the one in Yellowstone becauseA. it lasted longerB. it struck where so many people livedC. there were mountains at YellowstoneD. there was a river at Yellowstone59. The earth's crust is made ofA. sandB. mountainsC. many layer of rockD. lava60. Some times aftershocks follow an earthquake for as long asA. daysB. monthsC. yearsD. centuriesSection BDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. Land pollution involves many kinds of wastes. For many years, allwastes were dumped 61 sanitary (卫生的) landfills. Sanitary landfills are large pits where garbage is buried under layers of dirt. When hazardous wastes are put in these landfills, toxic (有毒的) substances can seep into the groundwater and enter the food chain. Hazardous wastes are those kinds of wastes that are 62 or dangerous to the environment. They can be poisonous, corrosive (腐蚀性的), flammable, explosive,or radioactive (放射性的). They can pollute the air or 63 fires or explosions. These wastes can also cause 64 problems for humans and animals. For these reasons, it is important to dispose 65 hazardous wastes in secured landfills where they cannot leak. A secured landfill is located on clay ground, and the pits are lined with plastic and nylon sheets to 66 the hazardous wastes in the pit.One kind of hazardous wastes, radioactive waste, involves a special disposal problem. Radioactive waste is created by industries and nuclear power plants 67 use radioactive materials. Radioactive materials 68 off energy as their atoms change. This energy is invisible, but very powerful. It can harm 69 tissues in plants and animals. Radioactive waste can remain hazardous for over 100 years. They must be stored in containers that can hold them without leakage for at least 70 amount of time.61. A. by B. with C. of D. into62. A. destructive B. smelly C. poisonous D. healthy63. A. make B. lead C. cause D. take64. A. lung B. living C. health D. water65. A. of B. by C. to D. with66. A. help B. remain C. keep D. guard67. A. those B. who C. that D. what68. A. come B. give C. take D. put69. A. living B. live C. lively D. alive70. A. an B. one C. that D. theseIV. TranslationDirections: There are some passages in this part of the test. You are to translate the passages into Chinese on your Answer Sheet.A级71.A fast-growing body of research is proving that optimism can help you to be healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast,to sickness and failure, and is linked to depression and painful shyness. "If we could teach people to think more positively," says psychologist Michael of Yale University, "it would be like inoculating (接种疫苗) them against these mental ills.""Your abilities count," explains psychologist Smith of Harvard University, "but the belief that you can succeed affects whether or not you will." In part, that's because optimists and pessimists deal with the same challenges and disappointments in very different ways.Take for example your job. In a major study, Smith and his colleagues surveyed sales representatives at a big life insurance corporation in New York. They found that the optimists among newly-hired representatives sold 37 percent more insurance than did the pessimists.How did they do it? The secret to an optimist's success, according to Smith, is in his "explanatory style". When things go wrong the pessimist tends to blame himself while the optimist looks for other explanations. He blames the weather, the phone connection, even his friends. When things go right, the optimist takes credit while the pessimist thinks success is due to luck.Negative or positive, it was a self-fulfilling prophecy (预言). "If people feel hopeless," says Smith, "they don't bother to acquire the skills they need to succeed." on the contrast, the optimist feels in control of his own life. If things are going badly, he acts quickly, looking for solutions, and reaching out for advice.So, if you're a pessimist, there's reason for you to change. Positive thinking leads to positive reaction. What you expect from the world, the evidence suggests, is what you're likely to get.B级71.A fast-growing body of research is proving that optimism can help you to be healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast, to sickness and failure, and is linked to depression and painful shyness. "If we could teach people to think more positively," says psychologist Michael of Yale University, "it would be like inoculating (接种疫苗) them against these mental ills.""Your abilities count," explains psychologist Smith of Harvard University, "but the belief that you can succeed affects whether or not you will." In part, that's because optimists and pessimists deal withthe same challenges and disappointments in very different ways.Negative or positive, it was a self-fulfilling prophecy (预言). "If people feel hopeless," says Smith, "they don't bother to acquire the skills they need to succeed." on the contrast, the optimist feels in control of his own life. If things are going badly, he acts quickly, looking for solutions, and reaching out for advice.So, if you're a pessimist, there's reason for you to change. Positive thinking leads to positive reaction. What you expect from the world, the evidence' suggests, is what you're likely to get.。

中石油职称英语真题2005年

中石油职称英语真题2005年(总分：100.00，做题时间：120分钟)一、I. Vocabulary(20 points)(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.Within days he became paralyzed, and people feared that he might die. But he _________. （分数：1.00）A.absorbedB.dissolvedC.discoveredD.recovered √解析：a. absorbed (吸收) b. dissolved （分解） c. discovered 发现 d. recovered 恢复（健康）2.Tilden, the other presidential ______, actually received more votes.（分数：1.00）A.advocateB.candidate √C.sponsorD.opponent解析：a. advocate 鼓吹者 b. candidate 候选人 c. sponsor 发起者 d. opponent 对手3.An Olympic runner wins a _______.（分数：1.00）A.medal √B.modelC.modleD.modest解析：a. medal 奖牌 b. model 模特 c. modle （无此词） d. modest 和善的4.To find out how the bees managed to tell time, an unusual experiment was _______ four years ago.（分数：1.00）A.carried onB.carried awayC.carried out √D.carried out解析：a. carried on 继续 b. carried away 得意忘形 c. carried out 执行 d. carried over继续下去；使继续下去(2) 把…争取到自己这边来5.Every society has its own peculiar custom and _____ of acting.（分数：1.00）A.ways √B.behaviorC.attitudeD.means解析：a. ways 方式（ways of acting=behavior 行为方式，整个短语等同于behaviour, 因此若用behavior 就不能再出现acting，这两个词同义） b. behavior 行为 c. attitude 态度 d. means 手段，方法6. They ______ their knowledge in the exploding world of ideas.（分数：1.00）A.modernizeB.supplyC.update √D.upgrade解析：在信息时代，他们时刻更新知识。