胡壮麟语言学复习及答案

胡壮麟语言学复习及答案

Chapter I In troducti on

I.Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:

1.Lin guistics is gen erally defi ned as the scie ntific study of Ian guage.

2.L in guistics studies particular Ian guage, not Ian guages in gen eral.

3.A scie ntific study of Ian guage is based on what the lin guist thi nks.

4.In the study of lin guistics, hypotheses formed should be based on Ian guage

facts and checked aga inst the observed facts.

5.Gen eral li nguistics is gen erally the study of Ian guage as a whole.

6.General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other areas, studies the basic con cepts, theories, descripti ons, models and methods applicable in any lin guistic study.

7.Phon etics is differe nt from phono logy in that the latter studies the

comb in ati ons of the sounds to con vey meaning in com muni cati on.

8.Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meanin gful senten ces.

9.The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology.

10.Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only studies the morphemes, but also the comb in ati on of morphemes into words and words into

senten ces.

11.The study of meaning in Ian guage is known as sema ntics.

12.Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings.

13.Pragmatics is differe nt from sema ntics in that pragmatics studies meaning

not in isolati on, but in con text.

14.Social cha nges can ofte n bring about Ian guage cha nges.

15.Sociolinguistics is the study of Ianguage in relation to society.

16.Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive.

17.Moder n lin guistics is differe nt from traditi onal grammar.

18. A diachronic study of Ianguage is the description of Ianguage at some point

in time.

19 Modern linguistics regards the written Ianguage as primary, not the written

Ian guage.

20.The disti ncti on betwee n compete nee and performa nee was proposed by F. de Saussure.

II.Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the

letter given:

21.Chomsky defines “ competence ” as the ideal user ' s k _______________ of the rules of his language.

22.________________________________ L angue refers to the a linguistic system shared by all the members

of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules.

23.__________ D is one of the design features of human language which refers to

the pheno 广告网址n that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units.

nguage is a system of a ___________ vocal symbols used for humancommunication.

25.The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is called s ______ .

26.Humancapacity for language has a g _________ basis, but the details of language

have to be taught and learned.

27.P ___ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.

28.Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of some

practical problems. The study of such applications is generally known as a linguistics.

nguage is p ___________ in that it makes possible the construction and

interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before. 30.Linguistics is generally defined as the s study of language.

III.There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.

31.If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be _____________________ .

A.prescriptive

B. analytic

C. descriptive

D. linguistic

32.Which of the following is not a design feature of human language?

A. Arbitrariness

B. Displacement

C. Duality

D. Meaningfulness

33.Modern linguistics regards the written language as _________ .