高考英语复习名词
高考英语名词的知识点
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高考英语名词的知识点(经典版)编制人:__________________审核人:__________________审批人:__________________编制单位:__________________编制时间:____年____月____日序言下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
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英语名词知识点高考汇总
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英语名词知识点高考汇总在高考英语考试中,名词是一个重要的考点。
掌握好名词的知识点对于考生来说至关重要。
接下来,我们将对英语名词知识点进行汇总和归纳,帮助考生复习和掌握这一重要的考点。
1. 可数名词和不可数名词在英语中,名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词指的是可以用数字进行计数的名词,如book(书),car(车)等。
不可数名词则指的是不可以用数字进行计数的名词,如water(水),information(信息)等。
2. 可数名词的单复数形式可数名词的单数形式通常是名词本身,而复数形式则需要根据具体的规则进行变化。
常见的复数形式有以下几种规则:a. 在名词后面加-s,如books(书),cars(车)等。
b. 以-ss,-sh,-ch,-x,-o结尾的名词,复数形式在词尾加-es,如classes(课程),wishes(愿望),churches(教堂),boxes(盒子),tomatoes(西红柿)等。
c. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改为i,再加-es,如ladies(女士们),countries(国家)等。
d. 以f或fe结尾的名词,一般将f或fe变为v,再加-es,如leaves (叶子),knives(刀),wives(妻子们)等。
3. 不可数名词的用法和表达不可数名词通常表示无法具体计数的事物,需要用量词来修饰,如a cup of coffee(一杯咖啡),a piece of advice(一条建议)等。
另外,有些名词可以同时作可数名词和不可数名词使用,如paper(纸)。
当paper指的是"纸张"时是可数名词,而当paper指的是"文件"时是不可数名词。
4. 名词所有格的用法名词所有格表示某物属于某人或某物。
通常在名词后面加-apostrophe (')和-s来表示名词所有格,如Tom's book(汤姆的书),the student's pen(学生的钢笔)。
高考英语单词分类记忆名词
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二、名词accident n.意外;事故actor n.男演员;演剧的人address n.地址;演说;谈吐advantage n.优点,优势;好处adventure n.冒险,冒险活动advice n.劝告;忠告;意见affair n.事件;事情afternoon n下午,午后agriculture n.农业,农艺;农学aim n.瞄准;目标;目的air n.空气;空中aircraft n.飞机,飞行器airport n.机场,航空站America n.美洲;美国arrival n.到达;来临;到达art n.艺术;美术article n.文章,论文;冠词artist n.美术家;艺术家ash n.灰,灰烬,灰堆assistant n.助手,助理;助教attention n.注意,留心;注意力aunt n.伯母,婶母,姑母,姨母,舅母author n.创造者,作者autumn n.秋,秋季background n.背景,后景,经历bag n.提包,口袋,书包bake v. 烘;烤bank n.银行;库;堤bargain n.交易vi.议价;成交base n.基础;基地,根据地basin n.水盆,面盆basket n.篮,篓,筐basketball n.篮球;篮球运动bath n.浴,洗澡;浴缸bathroom n.浴室;盥洗室battle n.战役vi.战斗vt.与…作战beach n.海滩,湖滩,河滩bear n.熊v. 孕育;承受,忍受beard n.胡须,络腮胡子beat v. 敲击;〔连续〕打击;击败beauty n.美;美人beginning n.开始,开端;起源bell n.铃,钟belt n.带,腰带,皮带;区bicycle / bike n.脚踏车,自行车bill n.账单;招贴;票据biology n.生物学;生态学bird n.鸟,禽birth n.分娩;诞生;出身biscuit n.(英)饼干;(美)软饼bit n.一点,一些blanket n.毛毯,毯子,羊毛毯block n.阻塞;障碍物;街区board n.木板;板boat n.小船,艇body n.身体;主体;尸体bone n.骨,骨骼bottle n.瓶,酒瓶;一瓶bottom n.底,底部,根基boy n.男孩,少年brain n.脑(子);脑力,智能branch n.枝条;支流;岔路;支部breakfast n.早饭,早餐breath n.呼吸;气息brick n.砖,砖块;砖状物bridge n.桥,桥梁;桥牌Britain n.英国,不列颠brother n.兄,弟brush n.刷子,毛刷;画笔bucket n.水桶;吊桶;铲斗building n.建筑物,大楼;建筑bush n.灌木,灌木丛,矮树business n.商业,生意;事务butcher n.屠夫;屠杀者butter n.黄油;奶油cabbage n.洋白菜,卷心菜café n.咖啡馆;小餐厅cage n.畜养禽,兽的笼子cake n.蛋糕,饼,糕camp n.野营,营地,兵营Canadian n.&a.加拿大人〔的〕capital n.资本,资金;首都captain n.陆军上尉;队长;船长car n.汽车,小汽车card n.卡片;名片carpet n.毛毯;地毯case n.情况;事实;病例castle n.城堡;巨大建筑物cat n.猫,猫科,猫皮cause n.原因,理由;事业v.使;造成cave n.山洞,洞穴,窑洞ceiling n.天花板;顶逢cell n.细胞;小房间century n.世纪;百年chain n.链,链条chairman n.主席;议长,会长change n.零钱;找头vt.兑换;改变check n.支票v.核对;检查cheek n.面颊,脸蛋cheese n.乳酪,干酪chemist n.化学家;药剂师chicken n.鸡肉;小鸡chief n.首长,头子chimney n.烟囱,烟筒;玻璃罩chocolate n.巧克力;巧克力糖cigar n.雪茄烟,叶卷烟cigarette n.香烟,纸烟cinema n.电影院;电影,影片;电影艺术citizen n.公民;市民,居民city n.城市,都市clap n.拍手喝采声;霹雳声class n.(学校里的)班,课;等级;阶级clerk n.办事员;秘书clinic n.诊所,医务室;会诊clock n.钟,仪表cloth n.布;布料clothes n.衣服,服装;被褥〔复数〕clothing n.衣服,被褥〔总称〕club n.俱乐部;社团coal n.煤,煤块coast n.海岸,海滨(地区)coat n.外套,上衣;表皮coin n.硬币;铸造(硬币)collar n.衣领,项圈collection n.搜集,收集;收藏品college n.(综合大学中的)学院color n.颜色,彩色;颜料companion n.同伴;同事composition n.组成,构成,结构;作文computer n.电脑,电脑comrade n.同志,亲密的同伴condition n.条件;状况conductor n.售票员;(乐队)指挥congratulation n.祝贺,庆贺construction n.建造;建筑;建筑物continent n.大陆;洲convenience n.便利,方便conversation n.会话,非正式会谈corn n.谷物;玉米corner n.角;(街道)拐角cottage n.村舍,小屋cotton n.棉;棉线;棉布country n.国家,国土;农村countryside n.乡下,农村couple n.一对;夫妇courage n.勇气,胆量,胆识course n.课程;过程;一道菜court n.法院,法庭;庭院cousin n.堂(或表)兄弟(姐妹)cow n.母牛,奶牛cream n.奶油,乳脂;奶油色crop n.庄稼;收成crowd n.群;大众;一伙人cupboard n.碗柜,碗碟橱;食橱curtain n.(窗、门)帘;幕custom n.习惯,风俗;海关customer n.顾客,主顾day n.(一)天,白昼,白天death n.死,死亡;灭亡decision n.决定,决心;果断deed n.行为;事迹defence / defense n.防卫;防御;辩护degree n.程度;度;学位department n.部,司,局,处,系depth n.深度;深厚;深处description n.描写,形容desk n.书桌,办公桌dialog n.对话,对白diamond n.金钢石,钻石;菱形diary n.日记,日记簿dictation n.口授笔录,听写dictionary n.词典,字典difference n.差异;差;分歧difficulty n.困难;难事;困境dinner n.正餐(午饭或晚饭) direction n.方向,方位;指导director n.指导者;理事;导演dirt n.尘,土;污物,污垢discovery n.发现;暴露,显示discussion n.讨论,谈论;论述dish n.盘,碟;一道菜distance n.距离;远处district n.区,行政区;地区doctor n.医生,医师;博士dollar n.元;美元doubt n.& vt.疑心;疑虑dozen n.一打,十二个drawing n.图画,素描;绘图drill n.&vi.&vt.(军事)操练;钻drug n.药,药物,药材duck n.鸭,鸭肉duty n.义务;责任edge n.边缘;边education n.教育;训导;教育学effect n.结果;影响;效果effort n.努力;努力的成果electricity n.电,电学;电流end n.&v.结束;结尾enemy n.敌人;仇敌;敌兵energy n.活力;精力;能engineer n.工程师,技师England n.英格兰;(泛指)英国entrance n.入口;进入;入场equipment n.装备;设备eve 前夜,前夕,前一刻evening n.黄昏,晚上event n.事件,大事;事变exam / examination n.考试;检查,细查example n.例子;榜样exercise n.练习;锻炼experience n.经验,感受;经历experiment n.实验;试验explanation n.解释,说明;辩白expression n.词句;表达;表情eye n.眼睛;眼力;鉴赏力face n.脸vt.面对,面临fact n.事实;实际factory n.工厂,制造厂faith n.信任,信心;信仰family n.家庭,家里人fan n.扇子;狂热爱好者farmer n.农民,农夫;农场主fault n.缺点;过失;故障favor n.好感;赞同;恩惠feather n.羽毛;翎毛;羽状物feeling n.感情;感觉,知觉fellow n.人,家伙;伙伴fever n.发热,发烧;狂热field n.地,田地figure n.数字;外形;人物film n.电影;胶卷fire n.火;火灾vi.开火,解雇firm n.商行,商号,公司a.坚决的,坚定的fish n.鱼肉;鱼fist n.拳(头)flight n.航班;飞行;逃跑floor n.地板;楼层flour n.面粉,粉;粉状物质flower n.花,花卉;开花fool n.傻瓜vi.&vt.愚弄,欺骗foot n.英尺;足football n.足球比赛;足球fork n.叉;餐叉fortnight n.两星期,十四天fortune n.命运,运气;财产fountain n.泉水,喷泉;源泉freedom n.自由;自主friendship n.友谊,友好fuel n.燃料vt.给…加燃料fun n.有趣的事,玩笑fur n.(兽类的)软毛;皮毛furniture n.家具;装置,设备future n.将来,未来game n.游戏,运动,比赛garage n.汽车间(或库)garden n.花园,菜园;公园generation n.一代,一代人gentleman n.绅士;有教养的人geography n.地理,地理学Germany n.德意志,德国gift n.礼物,赠品;天赋girl n.女孩子,姑娘glass n.玻璃;玻璃杯globe n.球;球状物;地球goal n.球门;得分;目的god n.神,神像goods n.商品;货物goose n.鹅,雌鹅government n.政府;治理grain n.谷物,谷类;谷粒grammar n.语法;语法书granddaughter n.孙女,外孙女grandfather n.祖父;外祖父grandmother n.祖母,外祖母grandson n.孙子,外孙子grass n.草;草地greenhouse n.温室,玻璃暖房greeting n.问候,招呼,致敬ground n.地;场地;根据guard n.哨兵,警卫员gun n.枪,炮,手枪habit n.习惯;习性half n.半,一半hall n.大厅;礼堂hamburger n.汉堡包,牛肉饼handbook n.手册,便览,指南handful n.一把;少数,一小撮headache n.头痛;头痛的事health n.健康,健康状况heart n.心(脏)heaven n.天堂;天,天空height n.高,高度;高处hero n.男主角;英雄;勇士hole n.洞;孔眼,裂开处holiday n.假日,节日;假期honour n.荣誉vt.给…以荣誉hour n.小时;时间,时刻house n.房屋,住宅;human n.人a.人的,人类的humour n.幽默,诙谐hunger n.饿,饥饿;渴望idea n.主意,念头,思想illness n.病,疾病importance n.重要;重要性income n.收入;收益;进款industry n.工业,产业;勤劳information n.消息,信息;通知ink n.墨水,油墨institute n.研究所;学院iron n.铁;铁制品island n.岛;岛状物jacket n.短上衣,茄克衫jam n.堵塞vt.使…堵塞Japan n.日本,日本国jar n.坛子;罐子;缸journey n.旅行,旅程,路程joy n.欢乐;高兴juice n.(水果等)汁,液kilo n.公斤公里〔略写〕kilogram n.千克,公斤king n.国王,君主kitchen n.厨房,灶间knee n.膝,膝盖,膝关节knowledge n.知识,学识;知道lab n.实验室,研究室lack n.&vi.&vt.缺乏,没有ladder n.梯子,梯状物lady n.女士;有教养的妇女land n.陆地v.着陆;上岸law n.法律,法令lawyer n.律师;法学家lecture n.&vi.演讲,讲课length n.长,长度;一段lesson n.功课,课;课程letter n.信;证书;字母library n.图书馆(室)life n.生命,生活lifetime n.一生,终身lighting n.照明,照明设备limit n.限度;限制;范围lion n.狮子;勇猛的人loaf n.一条面包,一个面包lock n.锁vt.锁上,锁住lorry n.运货汽车,卡车loss n.遗失;损失;失败lot n.许多,大量;签,阄luggage n.行李;皮箱,皮包lunch n.午餐,(美)便餐machine n.机器;机械madam n.夫人,女士,太太magazine n.杂志,期刊mail n.邮件;邮递majority .多数;大多数man n.男人;人;人类;男子汉manager n.经理;管理人manner n.方式;态度;礼貌mass n.(聚成一体的)团,块master n.主人;能手;硕士match n.比赛,竞赛;火柴material n.原料;材料matter n.事情;物质meal n.(一)餐,(一顿)饭食meaning n.意义,意思means n.方法,手段,工具medicine n.医学;内科学meeting n.会议,聚集,会合,会见member n.成员,会员memory n.记忆;回忆;存储menu n.菜单;饭菜,菜肴message n.信息,消息;启示method n.方法,方法;教学法metre n.米,公尺midday n.正午,中午midnight 午夜,半夜mile 英里milk 牛奶vt.&vi.挤奶;出奶minute 分钟minister 大臣,臣相mirror 镜子vt.反映,反射mistake 错误vi.误解,弄错model 模型;模式;模特儿moment 片刻;瞬间;时刻money n.货币;金钱,财富monitor n.班长;监视器monkey n.猴子,猿month n.月,月份morning n.早晨,上午motor n.发动机;机动车mountain n.山;山脉mouse n.鼠,耗子mouth n.嘴,口,口腔mouthful n.满口,一口,少量movement n.动作,活动;移动Mrs. n.太太,夫人nail n.钉子vt.将…钉牢name n.名字;vt.说出;命名nation n.民族;国家nationality n.国籍;民族,族nature n.大自然,自然界neck n.颈,脖子necklace n.项链,项圈needle n.针,补缀,编织针neighbour n.邻居;邻人nephew n.侄子,外甥net n.网vt.用网捕;用网覆盖news n.新闻,消息niece n.侄女,甥女night n.夜,夜间noise n.喧闹声;噪声noon n.中午,正午north n.北部,北方note n.钞票,纸币;笔记number n.数目vt.共计,达…之数nut n.坚果,干果;螺母object n.物,物体;目的ocean n.海洋;洋official n.官员a.官方的,正式的opinion n.意见,看法,主张orange n.橙子,桔子ox n.牛;公牛,阉牛packet n.小包(裹),小捆page n.页,页码pain n.疼;疼痛painting n.油画;绘画;着色pair n.一对vi.成对,配对palace n.宫,宫殿pan n.平底锅,盘子paragraph n.(文章的)段,节parent n.父(母)亲part n.一部分;零件;本份passage n.通过;通路,通道passenger n.乘客;旅客path n.路,小道;道路pattern n.型,式样,模,模型people n.人民,民族;人period n.时期;学时;句号person n.人;人身;本人photograph / photo n.照片,相片picture n.图画,照片piece n.片;块;(文艺作品的)篇,首pile n堆&vt.堆积,堆起pilot n.领航员;飞行员pipe n.管子,导管,输送管place n.地方,地点;住所plain n.平原a.清楚的;朴素的plan n.&vt.计划,打算plane n.平面;飞机plate n.盘子;碟子platform 平台play n.戏剧,表演;玩耍player n.比赛者,选手playground n.操场,运动场pleasure n.愉快,快乐;乐事plenty n.充足;大量plough n.犁vt.&vi.犁,耕point n.观点;论点;要点pole n.杆;柱police n.警察;警察当局politics n.政治,政纲,政策pool n.小池;水塘port n.港,港口position n.主张,立场;形势possession n.所有;拥有;财产pot n.罐;锅;壶powder n.粉末;药粉power n.能力;力;权practice n.实践;练习;业务president n.总统;董事长;校长〔大学〕price n.价格;代价pride n.骄傲;自满;自豪prison n.监狱,监禁problem n.问题;习题,问题production n.生产;总产量progress n.前进,进展;进步pronunciation n.发音,发音法pupil n.小学生;学生purpose n.目的;意图;效果purse n.钱包,手袋quarter n.四分之一;一刻钟queen n.女王;王后question n.问题;疑问v.提问,审问,疑心race n.(速度上的)比赛;人种,种族v.全速进行,(使)比速度,竞赛radio n.收音机,无线电报,无线rail n.栏杆,围栏;铁路,铁轨〔复数〕ray n.光线,射线reason n.理由,原因;理性,理智v.推论,推理;说服,评理record n.记录,记载;唱片v.记录,登记;录音rice n.大米;米饭ring n.& v.铃,铃声;打铃rock n.& v.岩石;摇动room n.房间;空间root n.& v.树根;扎根row n.& v.排;划〔小船〕Russian n.& a. 俄罗斯人〔的〕,俄罗斯的safety n.安全,保险sailor n.水手,海员,水兵sale n.卖,销售sand n.沙,沙地sandwich n.三明治;夹心面包vt.夹入,挤进satisfaction n.满意;快事;赔偿scene n.(戏剧等的)一场score n.二十;(比赛)得分v.积分,得分sea n.海洋,海season n.季,季节,时节secretary n.秘书;书记seller n.卖者;行销货sense n.感官;感觉;见识sentence n.句子vt.判决,宣判servant n.仆人,佣人sex n.性别,性shame n.羞耻,羞愧;羞辱sheep n.羊,绵羊sheet n.被单;纸张;薄板shelf n.搁板,架子shirt n.(男式)衬衫shore n.滨,岸shot n.发射;射击声shoulder n.肩膀vt.承担,挑起,肩负side n.边;面sigh n.&vi.叹气,叹息sight n.视力;视觉;见sign n.征兆,迹象,记号v.签字;打手势silence n.寂静,沉默silk n.(蚕)丝;丝织品,绸silver n.银;银子sir n.先生,阁下;…爵士sister n.姐、妹situation n.位置;处境;形势size n.尺寸,大小skill n.技能,技巧;熟练skin n.皮,皮肤smoke n.烟;抽烟vi.冒烟;抽烟society n.社会;会;社团soil n.土壤;土地soldier n.士兵,战士soul n.灵魂;精神;人sound n.声音,声响a.健康的;完好的space n.空间;场地;空白speech n.言语,讲话spirit n.精神;气魄;情绪spoon n.匙,调羹spring n.春天,春季square n.正方形;平方;广场stage n.舞台;戏剧;阶段stair n.(常用复数)楼梯stamp n.戳子;邮票;标志state n.州;国家;政府v.陈述,阐明station n.站,车站vt.驻扎;安置stomach n.胃;肚子;食欲stone n石头storm n.风暴;暴(风)雨story n.故事,小说,传说;过程;生平stranger n.陌生人;新来者strength n.力量;力气struggle n.&vi.斗争,奋斗subject n.题目;学科;主语success n.成功,成就,胜利summer n.夏,夏季sun n.太阳,日Sunday n.星期日,礼拜日sunset n.日落(时分)sweater n.厚运动衫,毛线衫tail n.尾巴;尾部tale n.传说;故事tape n.胶带vt.系,捆task n.任务,工作,作业tea n.茶;茶叶;茶树team n.队vi.协作,合作technique n.技术,技巧;技能telegraph n.电报机;电报television n.电视;电视机term n.期,学期,任期;条件;术语test n.&vt.测验,考查text n.课文;课本theatre n.戏院;戏剧;戏剧艺术thief n.窃贼,偷窃犯thing n.事情,东西thought n.思想;思维;想法ticket n.票;(交通违章)罚款传票time n.时间;次数tin n.锡;罐头tip n.梢,末端,尖端;小费;建议title n.标题,题目;称号tobacco n.烟草,烟叶toilet n.厕所,盥洗室,浴室tomato n.番茄,西红柿tongue n.舌头;语言;口语tool n.工具;用具tour n.&vi.旅行,游历town n.镇,城镇toy n.玩具,玩物track n.足迹;(火车的)轨道tractor n.拖拉机;牵引车traffic n.交通,街道,车辆training n.训练,锻炼,培养transport n.&v.运输;运输工具trick n.诡计;计谋trip 行程truth n.真理;真相type n.类型;样式uncle n.叔,伯,舅,姨父unit n.单位;单元;部件universe n.宇宙,世界vacation n.假期,休假valley n.流域;(山)谷value n.价值vt.尊重,重视,评价variety n.多样化;种类;变种vegetable n.植物;蔬菜village n.乡村,村庄visitor n.访问者;参观者volleyball n.排球,排球运动voyage n.航海;航行waiter n.侍者,服务员waitress n.女侍者,女服务员wall n.墙,壁,围墙,城墙war n.战争;冲突,斗争wave n.波,波浪;波动v.挥手,招手way n.路;路线;方向weakness n.虚弱,软弱;弱点wealth n.财富,财产;丰富week n.星期,周weekend n.周末,周末假期weight n.重;砝码;重担west n.西部,西方wheel n.轮,车轮window n.窗子,窗户,窗口winter n.冬天,冬季wire n.(金属)线;电线woman n.妇女,女人wool n.羊毛;毛线,绒线word n.词,单词;语言;消息yard n.码(英美长度单位)year n.年;年年zero n.零;零点,零度1. up1) 向上pick up 检起 put up举起 send up 使上升rise up 起义 look up抬起头 hold up 举起take up 拿起buildup 树立 set up 建立 2) 完成,结束drink up 喝干 eat up吃光burn up 烧光use up 用光 sum up总结, break up 结束,分解 3) 离开,消灭break up 拆开,驱散cutup 切碎 blow up 炸毁 tearup 撕碎 give up 放弃4) 增加,变强pick up 振作,加快turnup 开打,开大, 出现speak up 大声说 speedup 加速 show up 显现cheer up 振作起来5). 变好,改善bring up 抚育 check up核对 clear up 清理,晴天do up 整理 make up化装, 和解, 弥补figure up 计算 fix up修理,整理 take up 从事6) 关住,锁紧,固定住shut up 关闭 hold up延误 keep up 坚持2. down1) 向下的位置hand down传下来 knockdown 撞倒 lay down 放下 let down 放下 pourdown 倾盆而下pulldown 拉下 set down 放下step down 走下来turn down 拆下,拒绝take down 取下blow down 吹倒bringdown 打倒bend down 弯下bow down 鞠躬 lie down 躺下2) 减少〔强度,量和体积〕(a decrease in intensity,amount, bulk)die down 变弱,逐渐停止go down 平静下来hold down 压低slowdown 慢下来 burn down烧掉wash down 冲淡clean down 弄干净 rubdown 擦干净bringdown 降低3) 停止,减弱(to a stateof less activity, force,strength and power)close down 关闭 breakdown 坏了,中止 settle down平静下来 cool down 冷静下来turn down 拒绝laydown 失望 put down 镇压4) 写下,记下write down 写下copydown 抄下 note down 记下take down 记下putdown 记下 get down 记下have down 写下3 on1) 继续carry on drive on fighton hold on keep on live on sleep on sing on walk on go onhurry on move on read on follow on struggle on insist on 坚持2) 连上,固定住turn on 打开 switch on打开 put on 穿上 tryon 试穿 pull on 穿上hold on 不挂断 takeon 呈现 rely on 依靠depend on依靠3) 向前,向上pass on 传递 get on 上车 hand on 传送4) 开始某活动work on 从事 bring on 引起 get on 取得进展 look on 旁观, 观看call on拜访 figure on 打算,希望 fix on 决心 get on 进步, 友好相处4. off1) 离开(indicatingdeparture)blow off 吹掉 drive off 击退 getoff 下车,动身 off 动身see off 送行 call off叫走 let off 放出 takeoff 起飞 give off 发出 carry off 夺走2) 去掉,断开(indicating removal ordisconnection)cut off 切断 tear off扯掉take off 拿走come off 脱落 fall off脱落shake off 抖落turn off 关掉 take off脱掉 shut off 关掉 gooff 爆炸 break off 中断3) 完成,停止(indicating completion)pay off 付清 break off停止,中断 call off 取消5. in1) 进入,向里(into,inside, indoors)break in 闯入,插嘴breathe in 吸入 burstin 闯入,打断drop in偶然拜访 get in 插入,收进knock in 打入let in 进入,嵌入 movein 迁入 step in 走进cut in 插嘴 draw in〔火车〕进站2) 加入,记入(to beadded, or included)book in 登记 check in签到 count in 记入 fill in 填入 hand in 交上 take in 吸收6. out1) 向外〔away from theinside, outside〕keep out 使在外takeout 拿出 put out 放出,伸出come out 长出,bring out拿出 breatheout 呼吸出 eat out 出去吃get out 弄出goout 出去 lock out 关在外面look out 向外看move out 搬出 point out指出pour out 诉说pull out 拉出stickout伸出 spit out 吐出knock out 敲出 dine out外出吃饭 drive out 驾车外出 draw out 拉出see out 送出门去 drawout 出站 let out 放出,释放2) 结束,消失,取消(toor at an end, not to be thereor not to exist)clear out 清除 put out扑灭 run out 用完 useout 耗尽 give out 耗尽wipe out 消灭 die out灭绝 rub out 擦掉 blotout 除去 blow out 吹熄carry out 完成,执行leave out 省去 go out熄灭 come out 出版,开花 cut out 删去,停止hold out 坚持到底 sellout 买完 tire out 筋疲力尽 wear out 磨损3) 大声〔in a loud voice, aloud〕cry out shout out call out 喊,申斥 spell out speak out scream out read out4) 分发,传开(to a number of people or in all directions)give out 分发spread out 传开 set out 出发hand out 分发 send out发送 break out 爆发,逃脱 drop out 离开,退出5) 搞清,弄明白(in or into notice and clearness)find out 找出figure out 算出,解决make out弄清 come out 出版,出现carry out 完成,bring out 发表,说出7. over1) 向下(downwards from an upright position)knock over 撞倒turn over 翻转bend over 伏身look over 从…上面看 2) 自始至终,通过, 重复(from beginning to end,through, again and again)look over 调查thinkover 考虑 see over 查看 talk over 商量 goover 复习 do over 重复3) 经过(from one sideto the other, across a space ordistance)jump over climb overcome over go overswim over pass overwalk over move over flyover run over5) 结束,完成(finished,at an end)get over 结束,熬过 beover 结束6) 转变,改变(indicating transference andchange)hand over 移交takeover 接管buy over 收买come over 过来get over战胜,克服win over 争取过来 turn over 变动,交付 make over 移交7)由于 (because of)cry over 因…哭laughover 笑…fuss over 因…着急8. away1) 离开(to a distance, toanother place)go away 走开run away跑开walk away 走开rideaway 开走move away 移开take away 拿走carryaway 运走clear away 收走draw away 拉走getaway 逃走,离开putaway 收起来break away逃脱come away 离开keep away 不准接近giveaway 赠送put away 收起2) 减少,减弱(indicatingloss, lessening, weakening)burn away 烧尽die away消失pass away 消失wash away冲走wipe away 擦掉附四以介词为中心的短语1.at1). at + 名词表示处于某种状态,进行at table 在用餐at peace处于和平时期at press在排印at work在上班atschool在读书at war在交战at play在玩耍2) 动词+at 表示指向某一目标,到达某地arrive at 到达call at访问某地laugh at嘲笑lookat看着work at努力于catch at当场抓住come at攻击,扑向fire at向……开火shoot at向……射击glare at怒目而视stare at注视着knock at敲击smile at向……微笑pull at拉扯drop in at顺便参观某地3).be + 形容词/过去分词表示情绪、情感的原因,或对某物具有某种感情+ atbe angry at 恼怒于bealarmed at对……警觉atastonished at因……吃惊beclever at 对……很灵巧bedelighted at因……而高兴be disgusted at厌恶bedisappointed at失望beimpatient at对……无耐心be pleased at对……感到高兴be surprised at吃惊be shocked at震惊beterrified at对……感到恐惧be quick at对……很机敏be skilled at对……熟练bebad at不擅长be good at擅长于4). 其它:at all根本at a time一次at one time曾经at adistance在一定距离at aloss不知所措at any cost不惜代价at first起初athand手头at most最多atleast至少at heart内心里at home在家里at last最后at sea航行at times有时at will任意at present目前at once马上the thebeginning of在……的开始at the end of在结束at thesight/sound of一看到/一听到2.about1)动词+ about +sth. 表示论及,着手等argue about争论ask about询问bring about带来chat about闲聊care about在意complain about报怨go about着手hear about听说inquire about打听know about了解quarrelabout争吵set about开始talk about谈论thinkabout考虑worry about担忧2)be + 形容词+ about sth表示为……,对……等,后常接表示原因的词be anxious about 为……着急be careless about对……不关心be concerned about关心be crazy about为……发狂be mad about为……发疯be nervousabout对……紧张beexcited about为……激动be particular about对……挑剔be worried about担忧3.foranswer for为……负责ask for向……要,索取call for要求,需要fight for为……而战,争取be fit for适合be good for有益于leave for奔赴set out for到long for渴望look for寻找make for到preparefor为……作准备be readyfor准备好send for派人去请thank for因……感谢wait for等待work for为……工作,努力4. ofbe afraid of害怕becapable of能be careful of小心,留神be certain of肯定be sure of 确信consist of 由……组成convince sb of使相信cure sb of治好hear of 听说be free of免于be fullof充满know of了解到be made of用……做的remind sb of提醒rob sbof抢夺speak of说到talk of谈到take care of照顾think of考虑,想到be tired of厌倦warn sb of告诫be worthy of 值5. withagree with 同意某人意见be angry with生某人的气begin with从开始beburdened with负担befilled with充满be busywith忙于catch up with赶上keep up with跟上compare with与相比bestrict with对某人严格dealwith处理,应付do with处理fall in love with爱上be familiar with熟悉help sb with帮助withone’s help在……的帮助下be lined with排满了provide sb with向……提供share with与……分享talk with和……交谈wrong with有问题6. frombenefit from受益于breakaway from脱离be farfrom远离,远远不是diefrom死于hear from收到……的来信keep/stop/prevent sb from阻止learn from向……学习,从……了解到bemade from用材料做separate from与别离7.intobreak into闯入turn into变成change into变成burst into爆发divide into分成translate into译成knock into撞到run into偶然遇到be made into做成附五:以动词为中心的动词短语1, take in take off take on take over take up1. take in 接受, 吸收,理解, 包括, 欺骗As theydidn’t take in what he said, hetook all of them in.2. take off 拿掉, 取消,脱衣, 起飞Don’t take yourcoat off. The plane will take offsoon.3. take on 披上, 呈现,具有, 雇用, 承担With the sunsetting, the village takes on agolden look.4. take over 把. . . 从一地带到另一地, 接收, 接管Mr.Li has fallen ill, so you have to takeover the office work.5. take up 拿起, 开始从事, 占据, 参加进来Since hetook up Majiang, it has taken upmost of his spare time. Worse still,his son has taken it up too.2,turn to turn off turn onturn up turndown turnout turnover turninto1.turn to 转向, 变成, 求助于, 致力于If you runinto trouble, you may turnto my friend there forhelp.2.turn off 关掉Youmust turn the light offwhen you leave.3.turn on 开启, 依靠Every design turned onthe chief engineer.4.turn down (被)向下折转, 拒绝, 降低Heturned town the requestof turning the radio downa little.5.turn up 找到, 发现, 出现,调高When theguests turned up, heturned up the music andthey began to dance.6.turn out 结果是,生产Everything turned out fine.The factory turned outmore cell phones than lastyear.7.turn over 打翻, 移交给,翻身The bus turnedover and destroyed thecrops in the field.8.turn into 进入, (使)变成What can turn a kindyoung man into amerciless devil?另类阅读:The weather turned outrainy. In order to avoid the carturning over, he turned the lightoff and turned on the radio.Suddenly, a boy turned up andturned to him for a lift. He was tookind to turn him down. So heopened the door and turned theback seat into a bed for the boy.3. work at work on work out1. work at 从事, 致力于, 钻研(克服困难完成任务) You’ll overcome the problem in learning a language if you really work at it.2. work on 继续工作,设法说服, 影响, 钻研〔努力钻研学问或研制新的技术〕The students worked on the texts independently.3. work out 可以解决,设计出, 计算出Have you work out the maths problem yet?4. let out let in let be let alone let off1. let out 放掉, 泄露, 放大The boy let out a cry.2. let in, 放进, 允许. . .进入There is someone at the door. Will you please go and let him in?3. let be [口]随[它]去任[它]那样Let it be! Mother often tells me to let it be.4. let alone 不管, 不打搅Let me alone! I’m too busy.5. let off 放出, 饶恕I won’t let you off if you make the same mistake again.6. let down 使失望Ihoped Mr. James would help me,but he let me down.5. be in be out be out ofbe over be up be up to1. be in 在家, 上市季节Is Mrs. Li in? I want him to goshopping with me. You see,peaches are in these days. Theyare quite cheap at present.2. be out 开花, 发行, 熄灭, 不在The light is out. Mr. Limust be out. As his new book isout, he may be advertising itwhere flowers are out.3. be out of 没有, 脱离The wounded are not out ofdanger yet.4. be over 结束Thegame is over.5. be up 起床, 时间到了Time is up. Be up in two minutes!6. be up to 做,某人的责任What is he up to these days?It’s up to you to find it out.6. break down break inbreak into break off breakout break up1. break down 坏了, 倒塌, 中止, 垮掉, 分解Bad luck!Our car broke down near a bridgethat had just broken down. Themeeting had to break down.2. break in 闯入, 打断It’s bad manners to break in whenthey are chatting.3. break into破门而入,侵占The bank was broken into.Fortunately, nothing was missingas the alarm sounded in time.4. break up 打碎, 结束,衰落, 分解,驱散The policebroke up the crowd who werebreaking the windows up.5. break off 中断, 折断,突然停止, 脱落The boy fellwhen the branch broke off.6. break out 突发, 爆发Unluckily, the war broke outagainst all kind hearts.另类阅读:After breakfast, the meetingwent on but soon broke up/off. Aman broke in with the news thatthe war had broken out. What’sworse, their car broke down onthe way back.7. bring about bring onbring out bring up bring in1.bring up 教育, 培养Tom was brought up by hisaunt Polly.2.bring in 挣得, 介绍引进It’s necessary to bringin modern management.3.bring back 拿回来, 使回忆起来, 使恢复Thepicture brought back ourchildhood.4.bring down 打倒, 降低Can you bring the pricedown a little?5.bring about使发生, 致使I’m afraid it will bring outsome bad influence on thechildren .6.bring out 使显示, 出版,生产, 说出Can you giveme an example to bring outthe meaning of this phrase?7.bring on 引起, 导致, 使发展I believe the ideawill bring our cause on.Would you like to fetch me some paper? You may take some box with you and then bring them back. What? They have carried out their plan for the price? Try to bring it down, otherwise, we will have no money to bring in the new equipment, which is sure to bring out disadvantages soon. Anyhow, our work must carry on.8. call at call for call in call off call on call out1.call for 要求, 提倡The projectcalls for ourcooperation.2.call on 号召, 呼吁, 访问〔某人〕We will call on himduring our stay inBeijing.3.call at 访问〔某地〕,停靠I calledat the doctor’s justnow.4.call in 召集, 召来, 来访I’m toobusy. Will you callin a doctor, please?5.call out 大声叫唤The boy calledout, “Stop thethief!”6. call up 召唤, 使想起, 打给Stay at homeuntil I call you up.call off n. 叫走, 放弃7. call by 顺道访问He came to the schooland called by histeacher.He made a telephone call in aphone booth just now. He said hewould call on us at our office andthat he had dialed a doctor’snumber and called him in. He wasright. We called for a doctor atthat time.9. carry out carry on1. carry out 完成, 实现,贯彻, 执行Through a month’shard work, he carried out his plan.2. carry on 继续开展,坚持Though he had got a goodmark, he still carried on.10. come about come acrosscome along come by comeon come over come tocome up1. come about 发生, 产生When did the newspapercome about?2. come across 来到, 偶遇I was surprised to come across anold friend of mine in Chongqinglast week.3. come along 出现, 发生If there comes along anopportunity to practice English, dotake it!4. come by 从旁走过, 得到, 取得, 经过Jobs are hardto come by at present.5. come on. 突然产生, 跟着来, 上演, 快点,赶快Comeon, boy. The play will come on inno time.6. come over 过来, 抓住Come over, boy, Here is an applefor you.8. come to 到达, 复苏, 想起, 共计It came to me that the total number came to 3000.9. come up 走近, 发芽,被提出,上升, 出现He came up and told me that the potatoes we sowed had come up.11. cut down cut in cut off cut up1. cut down 砍倒, 胜过, 削减Lots of trees have to be cut down to cut down the price of wood.2. cut in 插嘴, 插入The boy was too rude to cut in while we were talking.3. cut off 切断, 断绝The power was cut off during the hurricane.4. cut up 切碎, 使丧气, 胡闹Mother cut up the meat to make meat balls for us.12. do up do with do away with do in1. do up 束起, 重新整修, 收拾齐整, 包好Do up your bed, your bag and you trousers. We will start soon.2. do with 利用, 忍受What can we do with these waste bags?3. do away with 废除, 弄死The unfair rule must be doneaway with at once.4. do in 欺骗Mrs.Smith was done in by three cheatswho claimed that they werecollecting money for orphans.13. get down get down toget in get off get on geton with get out get overget through get to get up1. get down (从. . . )下来, 吞下, 写下, 使沮丧 Asecond failure in getting down thepills got her down.2. get down to 开始认真考虑After we got home, wegot down to planning the birthdayparty.3. get in 进入, 收获, 插入, 陷入At this moment, thefarmers are busy getting in theirrice.4. get off 下来, 脱下, 出发, 动身, 开始Get your hat offand we will get off for the schoolsoon.5. get on 生活, 融洽相处,进展, (使)前进How are yougetting on? I’m getting on wellwith both my classmates andstudy.6. get on with 继续做He stopped to read a passage, andthen got on with his homework.7. get out 出去, 离开,逃脱, 泄露, 摆脱It seemsusual that a secret gets out aftercertain rumors.8. get over 爬过, 克服,恢复Xiao Wang got over boththe language difficulties and hisdisease.9. get through 做完, 打通I tried to call Mr. Li, but Icouldn’t get through.10. get to 到达, 接触到Edgar Snow got to Yanan in 1936.11. get up 起床, 站起来Mrs. Smith is used to getting uplate because she has never beeneating breakfast at all.14. give away give ingive out give up1. give away 送掉, 分发, 出卖Miss Gao had several Englishdictionaries, one of which wasgiven away.2. give in 投降, 屈服, 让步You’re not beaten yet. Don’t givein so easily.3. give out 分发, 发出(气味、热等), 用尽, 精疲力竭The longjourney made our energy give out.4. give up 放弃(念头、希望等),。
高中英语2024届高考复习名词汇总
![高中英语2024届高考复习名词汇总](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/98a27ceab04e852458fb770bf78a6529647d35ff.png)
高中英语名词tendency 倾向,偏好,性情performer 表演者,执行者compass 罗盘,指南针earth 地球;土,泥;大地moon 月球;月光;月状物field 田地;牧场;场地tour 参观,观光,旅行waiter (餐厅)男服务员quilt 被子category 类别,种类whistle 口哨,口哨声cousin 堂(表)兄弟,堂(表)姐妹physicist 物理学家parrot 鹦鹉workforce 劳动力intelligence 智力,才智,智慧universe 宇宙currency 货币;现金advice 忠告,劝告,建议riddle 谜语gale 强风lot 许多,好些vase (花)瓶;瓶饰towel 毛巾doll 玩偶,玩具娃娃snack 小吃war 战争garlic 大蒜research 调查,研究junk (口语)废品,破烂货adolescent 青少年agent 代理人,经纪人pole 杆,电线杆chemist 药剂师;化学家ankle 踝,踝关节luck 运气,好运tax 税,税款minority 少数;少数民族trousers 裤子,长裤beehive 蜂箱income 收入,所得studio 工作室,演播室tin (英)罐头,听头snowball 雪球hen 母鸡directory 姓名地址录affection 喜爱,钟爱dam 水坝,堰堤carrot 胡萝卜midday 中午,正午behaviour行为,举止gate 大门tobacco 烟草,烟叶origin 起源,由来shelter 掩蔽;隐蔽处preference 选择,趋向departure 离开,启程ambition 目标,野心,雄心,报复fact 事实,现实weather 天气drum 鼓requirement 需要;需求;必要的条件medal 奖牌ocean 海洋snowman 雪人sky 天;天空assumption 假定,假设postage 邮费bottom 底部;底beer 啤酒signal 信号,暗号roof 屋顶,顶部emperor 皇帝astronaut 宇航员disease 疾病,疾chair 椅子grocer 零售商人;食品店ministry (政府的)部car 小汽车,小卧车production 生产;制造software 软件beast 野兽;牲畜sale 卖,出售trick 诡计,把戏flower 花parcel 包裹overcoat 大衣hospital 医院acquisition 获得,得到heroine 女英雄,女主角spaceship 宇宙飞船identity 身份,持证nurse 护士;保育员psychology 心理学percentage 百分率latter (两者之中的)后者sorrow 悲伤,悲痛apple 苹果zone 区域;范围pair 一双,一对beam 平衡木birth 出生;诞生child 孩子,儿童grain 谷物,谷类bookcase 书橱outcome 结果,效果skin 皮,皮肤;兽皮union 联合,联盟;工会taxi 出租汽车winner 获胜者phenomenon 现象habit 习惯,习性government 政府shark 鲨鱼suite 套件;组曲size 尺寸,大小list 一览表,清单university 大学hearing 听力liberty 自由earthquake 地震athletics 田径generation 代,一代agreement 同意,一致;协定,协议dialogue 对话dignity 庄重,庄严,尊严,尊贵,高尚windbreaker 风衣,防风夹克mosquito 蚊子victory 胜利diary 日记;日记簿brain 脑inventor 发明者,创造者evolution 进化,演变friendship 友谊,友情homework 家庭作业pool 关系;亲属cloth 布elephant 象aircraft 飞机crime (法律上的)罪,犯罪greeting 祝贺connection 连接物;接触,联系motor 发动机,马达security 安全,平安oxygen 氧;氧气locust 蝗虫bike 自行车friend 朋友jungle 丛林,密林chest 箱子;盒子;胸部dirt 污物;脏污plane 飞机globe 地球仪,地球cattle 牛,家畜building 建造物;房屋;大楼finance 资金,财政,财务stocking 长筒袜heel 脚后跟file 公文柜;档案文档chairman 主席,会长;议长textbook 课本,教科书crop 庄稼;收成T-shirt T恤衫chocolate 巧克力relief 轻松,解脱,缓和,救济crew 全体船员job 工作man 成年男人;人类art 艺术,美术;技艺data 资料,数据unrest 不安;骚动criminal 罪犯perfume 香水drink 饮料;喝酒journalist 记者,新闻工作者examination 考查;考试;审讯;检查group 组,群burden (义务,责任的)重担,负担rank 职衔,军衔situation 形势,情况courage 勇气;胆略manner 方式,态度,举止family 家庭;家族;子女monitor (班级内的)班长;纠察生;监视器rat 老鼠biochemistry 生物化学least 最少,最少量gentleman 绅士,先生;有身份、有教养的人monkey 猴子stadium (露天)体育场blood 血,血液composition 作文;作曲policy 政策,方针,原则beauty 美丽,美人league 联盟,社团value 价值,益处education 教育,培养discrimination 歧视grandson (外)孙子pan 平底锅dozen 十二个;几十,许多jewelry 珠宝coach 教练;马车;长途车tape 磁带;录音带chaos 混乱,杂乱,紊乱embassy 大使馆sunset 日落(时分)scientist 科学家owner 物主,所有人skateboard 冰鞋,滑板prayer 祈祷poem 诗voice 说话声;语态receipt 收据zipper 拉链grass 草;草场;牧草flame 火焰,光辉burglar 入室窃贼advantage 优点;好处factory 工厂dog 够immigration 移民viewer 观看者card 卡片;名片;纸牌quantity 量,数company 公司customer (商店)顾客,主顾wedding 婚礼,结婚exchange 交换,掉换;交流temptation 引诱;诱惑mercy 怜悯ability 能力;才能starvation 饥饿;饿死northwest 西北wing 机翼,翅膀capsule 胶囊condition 条件,状况rainbow 虹,彩虹chain 链;链条religion 宗教peace 和平bathrobe 浴衣mist 雾eraser 橡皮擦;黑板擦office 办公室desk 书桌,写字台cushion 垫子golf 高尔夫球bunch 串,束,扎,大量,大批consideration 考虑;关心turkey 火鸡delight 快乐;乐事basket 篮子disappointment 失望;沮丧fiction 小说,虚构的事questionnaire 调查表,问卷herb 草药description 描述,描写baby 婴儿printing 印刷,印刷术room 房间,室;空间;地方ground 地面balcony 阳台;楼座brick 砖;砖块homeland 祖国window 窗户;计算机的窗tent 主题theme 主roller 滚筒grandfather (外)祖父hostess 女主人request 请求,要求的事物glass 玻璃杯,玻璃;眼镜pillow 枕头clerk 书记员;办事员;职员century 世纪,百年band 乐队audience 观众,听众future 将来juice 汁、液museum 博物馆,博物院boating 划船,泛舟understanding 领会;理解bird 鸟patience 容忍;耐心lesson 课;功课;教训highway 公路,主要交通道路necklace 项链bank 岸,堤;银行responsibility 责任,负责apron (机场的)停机坪gift 赠品;礼物piece 一块(片,张,件)skill 技能,技巧commitment 承诺,允诺,承担motivation (做事的)动机adventure 冒险;奇遇fun 有趣的事,娱乐,玩笑bed 床fur 毛皮;皮子grandpa 爷爷,外公theory 理论growth 生长,增长paragraph (文章的)段落kitchen 厨房academy 专科学院,私立学校gallery 画廊;美术品陈列室specialist (医学)专家,专科医生;专家;专业人员text 文本,课本educator 教育家determination 决心forest 森林baggage 行李mankind 人类;人orbit 运行轨道jar 坛子;罐子telescope 望远镜camel 骆驼boundary 边界,界限airline 航空公司;航空系统discount 折扣protection 保护gun 枪,炮side 边,旁边,面,侧面stairs 楼梯mat 垫子experience 经验;经历rose 玫瑰花welfare 幸福,福利pie 甜馅饼gardening 园艺学flashlight 手电architecture 建筑学,建筑设计,风格people 人,人们;人民attraction 吸引,爱慕dentist 牙科医生symptom 症状vehicle 交通工具,车辆opinion 看法,见解squid 鱿鱼remark 陈述;话;议论pioneer 先锋,开拓者appreciation 欣赏,鉴定,评估concert 音乐会;演奏会idea 主意,意见,打算,想法thunderstorm 雷电交加,暴风雨nylon 尼龙punishment 惩罚ballet 芭蕾舞spirit 精神team 队,组anecdote 轶事,趣闻ash 灰;灰末administration 管理,行政部门parent 父母,双亲stranger 陌生人,外人pest 害虫dish 盘,碟;盘装菜chef 厨师长,主厨applicant 申请人box 盒子,箱子nut 坚果,果仁(胡桃,栗子等)fluency (外语)流利,流畅conference (正式的)会议;讨论outline 概述,略述tennis 网球sweater 厚运动衫,毛衣collar 衣领;硬领gas 煤气ceremony 典礼,仪式,礼节drug 药,药品;毒品aunt 伯母;舅母;姑;婶;姨strawberry 草莓warehouse 仓库,货栈difficulty 困难,费力cow 母牛,奶牛tap 龙头attention 注意,关心symphony 交响乐math 数学valley 山谷,溪谷Buddhism 佛教mass 众多;大量;群众skyscraper 摩天楼lab 实验室heaven 天,天空hotel 旅馆,饭店,宾馆receiver 电话听筒son 儿子warmth 暖和,温暖bakery 面包店rubber 橡胶;合成橡胶smoker 吸烟者interval 间歇;间隔cathedral 大教堂(天主教)movie (口语)电影popcorn 爆米花communism 共产主义club 俱乐部;纸牌中的梅花nail 钉;钉子border 边缘;边境,国界hill 小山;丘陵;土堆;斜坡conversation 谈话,交谈bag 书包;提包;袋子elder 长者;前辈peasant 农民;佃农house 房子;住宅fall (美)秋季daughter 女儿sandwich 三明治assistant 助手,助理idiom 习语,成语purse 钱包winter 冬天,冬季market 市场,集市broadcast 广播节目works 著作,作品justice 正义;公正;司法story 故事,小说jam 果酱;阻塞flu 流行性感冒opera 歌剧page 页码assistance 帮助,援助,支持shopkeeper 店主,零售商人tube 管,管状物grape 葡萄patent 专利权,专利证书stamp 邮票blackboard 黑板shelf 架子;搁板,格层;礁;陆架dinosaur 恐龙founding 成立,建立vest 内衣,背心breath 气息;呼吸quarter 四分之一,一刻钟bowling 保龄球cube 立方体person 人librarian 图书管理员;(西方的)的图书馆馆长temperature 温度belief 信条,信念event 事件,大事keeper (动物园中的)饲养员,看守人pressure 压迫,压力,压强cottage (郊外)小屋,村舍,别墅passage (文章中的)一节,一段;通道;走廊tail (动物的)尾巴burial 埋葬housework 家务劳动network 网络,网状系统tourist 旅行者,观光者pronunciation 发音suitcase (旅行用)小提箱,衣箱drawer 抽屉violence 暴力行为headmaster (英)中小学校长key 钥匙;答案;键;关键fault 缺点,毛病slave 奴隶lightning 闪电country 国家;农村,乡下carpenter 木工,木匠path 小道,小径writing 书写,写lid 盖子occupation 职业,工作graduation 毕业,毕业典礼dioxide 二氧化物birthplace 出生地,故乡appearance cigarette 纸烟,香烟playground 操场,运动场lounge 休息厅;休息室spelling 拼写,拼读underwear 内衣province 省surplus 过剩,剩余cat 猫irrigation 灌溉battleground 战场appearance 出现,露面;容貌breast 乳房,胸脯ice 冰artist 艺术家frontier 前沿,边界;前线reservation 预定environment 环境sentence 句子lawyer 律师sleep 睡觉beard (下巴上的)胡须heart 心,心脏,纸牌中的红桃pride 自豪,骄傲cock 公鸡engineer 工程师;技师cocoa 可可粉spring 春天,春季;泉水,泉abortion 人工流产,堕胎meaning 意思,含义kid 小孩ladder 梯子pea 豌豆shower 阵雨;淋浴fantasy 幻想,梦想eggplant 茄子prisoner 囚犯mailbox 邮筒;邮箱comfort 安慰;慰问entry 进入stair 楼梯party 聚会,晚会;党派movement 运动,活动courtyard 庭院,院子safety 安全,保险buffet 自助餐death 死profession 职业(如律师或医生)chairwoman 女主席,女会长;女议长procedure 程序,手续,待遇glove 手套agenda (会议)议程表,议事日程motto 箴言,格言revolution 革命,变革permission 允许,许可,同意cooker 炊具(锅、炉灶、烤炉等)technique 技术;技巧,方法cuisine 饭菜,佳肴silk (蚕)丝,丝织品watermelon 西瓜possession 所有,拥有;财产,所有物distance 距离virtue 美德,正直的品行,德行topic 题目,话题reputation 名声,名誉speech 演讲madam 夫人,女士organization 组织,机构balloon 气球college 学院;专科院校account 账目;描述envelope 信封difference 不同dormitory 学生宿舍nursery 托儿所airport 航空站,飞机场ambulance 救护车adult 成年人claw 爪strait 海峡comedy 喜剧lady 女士,夫人shoe 鞋soap 肥皂gym 体操;体育馆;健身房beginning 开始,开端cell (监狱的)单人牢房;(修道院的)单人小室;(蜂巢的)小蜂窝;生物细胞crossroads 交叉路口soil 土壤,土地ownership 所有制brunch 早午饭cigar 雪茄烟collection 收藏品,收集物competence 能力,胜任,管辖权example 例子,榜样certificate 证明,证明书stone 石头,石料component 组成部分,部件bee 蜜蜂lifetime 一生,终生port 港口,码头marble 大理石;玻璃弹子animal 动物diagram 图表,图样bandage 绷带hay 做饲料用的干草thermos 热水瓶screen 幕,荧光屏printer 打印机。
高中英语(名词)
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高考英语的名词近年来多以名词词义辨析和名词短语的形势考察,要点是多记单词,常考名词短语要记牢,即使试题中结构发生一定的变化也可以轻松选出答案。
一、常考名词及其词组搭配1.absence ①缺席,不在场【反义词】present 出席,在场②缺乏,不存在词组搭配:①absence of mind 精神不集中,心不在焉②in/during one’s absence 某人不在时③in the absence of 缺少/缺乏….2.access 进入;通道;机会;权利词组搭配:get/have access to sth. 接近;使用3.account ①账目;账户②叙述③原因,理由词组搭配:①on account of= because of 因为②on no account绝不③take …into account 考虑到4.advantage 优势;优点【反义词】disadvantage 不利条件;缺点词组搭配:①take advantage of利用②have/gain the/an advantage over胜过…;比…有优势,占上风③to one’s advantage 对某人有利5.advice 忠告;建议词组搭配:①a piece of advice 一个忠告②ask for one’s advice 征求某人建议③give sb. advice on 给某人在…方面的建议④follow/take one’s advice 遵从、采纳某人建议6.agreement ①同意,一致②协议词组搭配:①arrive at/come to/reach an agreement 达成协议②make an agreement with 与…达成一致③in agreement with 和…一致;符合…;同意…④by agreement 按照约定7.approach ①接近,临近the approach of……的临近②方法,途径【辨析】approach 主要指学习或研究问题的方法method 做某工作固定套路(有某种思路或风格方法)mean 手段by all means 尽一切手段8.average 平均,平均值词组搭配:on average 平均看来above/below average 平均水平之上/之下9.case ①箱子,盒子②事例,案例,情况,病情词组搭配:①in that case 既然这样,假使那样的话②in any case 无论如何③in no case 绝不④in case(+句子)以防万一④in case of 如果,假使10.chance ①机会②可能性词组搭配:①y chace=by accident 偶然,意外②take a chance 冒险11.conflict 斗争,冲突in conflict with 同…相冲突12.consequence ①后果②重要性,价值He is a man of great consequence 他是一个很重要的人物词组搭配:①in consequence =as a consequence 结果,因此②in consequence of=as a consequence of…因为,由于…13.convenience 方便,便利at one’s convenience 在某人方便时14.damage 毁坏,损失词组搭配:①cause damage to sth. 损坏某物②repair the damage 修复损失15.demand 需求in demand 有需求,需求大16.doubt 怀疑,疑问词组搭配:①There’s no doubt that 从句毫无疑问②in doubt 怀疑,不能肯定③without doubt 毫无疑问17.effect 效果;影响词组搭配:①have an effect on sb. 对某人有影响②put/bring…into effect 使生效/实施③come into effect 生效④take effect 见效18.effort 努力①make an/every effort to do 尽力做…②spare no effort 不遗余力19.exchange 交换;互换in exchange for sth. 作为对某物的交换20.favor ①赞同,支持②帮助,恩惠词组搭配:①do sb. a favor 给某人帮忙②in favor of 支持,赞成,有利于21.fun①娱乐②玩笑词组搭配:①have fun doing sth. 做某事感到高兴②make fun of sb 取笑某人③It’s fun to do 做…真有趣④for fun 为了消遣22.hand ①手②(钟表的)指针③帮助词组搭配:①by hand 用手,手工②at hand 即将到来;在附近③give/land sb.a hand 给某人帮助23.instant 瞬间,片刻the instant=instantly 一…就…;引导时间状语24.moment ①一会儿,片刻after a moment 过了一会儿②时间,时刻at the moment词组搭配:①the moment = as soon as 一…就…②for the moment 暂时,目前25.need ①in need of…需要…②in need 在贫困之中,在困难之时26.place ①地方,地点②身份,地位③位置④名次词组搭配:①take place 发生②take one’s place =take the place of 代替,顶替③in place of 代替④in place 在正确的位置⑤out of place 不适当27.point①尖端②点,小数点③要点,论点④分数,得分⑤意义⑥时刻⑦地点,某地方词组搭配:①on the point of 正要做…②to the point 切题,扼要③off the point 离题④There’s no point in doing sth. 做某事没意义28.possession ①拥有;具有②(常用复数)个人财产,私人物品词组搭配:①in possession of sth. 拥有,占有某物②in sb’s possession 为某人所拥有29.quantity ①数量,量②大量,大批(in quantity)常考主谓一致:①quantities of + n. 做主语时,谓语动词用复数形式②a large quantity of +n. 做主语时,谓语动词根据名词确定30.reach ①v.达到②n.伸手可及的距离词组搭配:①out of reach 无法取得联系②within the reach of sb.=within one’s reach 某人能触及的范围③beyond one’s reach=out of one’s reach 超出某人的能力范围31.relief ①宽慰,宽心②(痛苦或不快的)减轻,缓解词组搭配:to one’s relief 令某人宽慰的是32.request 要求,请求词组搭配:at one’s request 应某人的要求;that 从句常用虚拟语气33.return 回来,返回词组搭配: a return trip 返程;in return for 作为对…的回报34.sense ①感官,感觉②判断力;见识③含义;意义词组搭配:①in a sense 在某种意义上②make sense讲得通,有意义③make sense of 弄明白,理解35.sight ①视力②视力范围,视野③景象,情景词组搭配:①lose one’s sight 失明②catch sight of 发现③in/within sight 在视野内,看得见④out of sight 看不见⑤come into sight 出现(在视野中)36.stage ①舞台②时期;阶段词组搭配:①go on the stage 当演员,登台演出②set the stage for 为…做准备= prepare for③stage by stage 逐步地,循序渐进地=gradually37.strength ①力量,力气②实力,优势38.supply ①供应量②补给,补给品(常用复数)词组搭配:be in short supply 供应不足supplies of 许多的=quantities of=many=lots of=plenty of39.surprise ①惊奇,诧异②令人惊奇的事词组搭配:①in surprise=surprisingly惊奇地②to one’s surprise 令某人吃惊的是③take…by surprise 出其不意地抓获;突袭40.taste ①味道,滋味②爱好,志趣,鉴赏力,欣赏力词组搭配:to one’s taste 符合某人的口味41.time ①时间;②时候③次数④时期,时令⑤时代(常用复数)⑥倍数(复数)高考常考:在虚拟语气中的运用(过去式)It is (high)time that sb. should do (should不可省略)词组搭配:all the time 一直;at a time依次;at one time 曾经;in time 及时at times/from time to time 有时,偶尔;on time 准时;at the same time 同时at no time 绝不;ahead of time 提前;in no time 立刻42.way ①道路,路线②方式,方法③方向④门口,出入通道the way in/out 入/出口词组搭配:①by way of 经过;经由;②by the way 顺便说③on the/one’s way (to)在去…的路上④in the way 阻碍;挡道⑤in this/that way 用这种,那种方法⑥all the way 一路上,一直⑧out of the way 不在挡路,不再碍事⑨no way 没门43.辨析affair 正式用语,指事务。
超实用高考英语复习语法专题:名词冠词
![超实用高考英语复习语法专题:名词冠词](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/9956d81200f69e3143323968011ca300a6c3f6e5.png)
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的单词主要有:means; works;series;species。单复 数同单数形式的单词主要有:Chinese, Japanese, aircraft,sheep,deer,swine,fish等。
11. people表示“人”时,单复数同单数形式; 表示“民族”时,复数须加s;fish单复数同单数形 式,复数形式fishes表示“各种各样的鱼”。
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【点拨】 可 数 名 词 : book; experience; help; class;
success; difficulty; interest; month; failure; fish; people
不可数名词: steel; air; materialism; experience; help; success; difficulty; luck; interest; failure; fish; information; furniture; amusement
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【点拨】 1. A A.党员; B. 党的号召。在“党员”中,名词 定语表示members的性质;在“党的号召”中,Party 具有动作发出者的作用,calls虽然是名词,却具有动 作的含义。 2. A A.请不要把狗粮放在桌子下面。B. 狗粮和人 的食品一样贵。前句 dog's food,特指给某一条狗食 用的。后者指类别,即供狗食用的食品,并非只给某 条狗食用。
3. Facts speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 【答案】 Facts;words
1
4. It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。
【答案】 quarrel
1
表示人或事物(事件/行为)名称的词是名词。
高中英语高考名词性词组汇总(共九大类,记牢高考140分不再难)
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高考英语名词性词组一、教育类scope of knowledge 知识面comprehensive knowledge 广博的知识distance education 远程教育multimedia teaching 多媒体教学solid professional working experience 扎实的职业工作经验vocational education 职业教育stress-related illness 与压力有关的疾病the cultural diversity 文化的多元性vocational guidance 职业指导vocational training 职业训练exam-oriented education 应试教育education for all-round development 全面发展教育fake diplomas 假文凭compulsory education 义务教育quality Education 素质教育rote learning 死记硬背student-oriented education 以学生为主体的教育bias of culture 文化偏见cradle of culture文化摇篮mainstream culture主流文化system of education教育体制二、语言类intellectual development 智力发展thinking capacity 思考能力universal language 世界语linguistic studies 语言学研究a means of communication 一种交流工具mechanical translation 机械翻译verbal communication 口头交流grammatical rules 语法规则a complex progress 一个复杂过程an unrealistic dream 一个不切实际的梦想comprehensive knowledge 全面的知识face-to-face communication 面对面交流artificial intelligence 人工智能easy accessibility 易于操作speedy communication 快速的交流language acquisition 语言习得precious gift 宝贵的礼物mission impossible 不可能的任务三、文化类cultural insights 文化视角a thrilling experience 一种令人激动的经历scope of knowledge 知识面lasting artistic works 永恒的艺术作品direct experience 直接经验spiritual enhancement 精神升华a sense of cool and satisfaction 一种惬意的感觉an essence of immortality 永恒的精髓value of knowledge 知识的价值cultural differences 文化差异性cultural diversity 文化多元化cultural treasures 文化宝藏cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流cultural reconstruction 文化重建spiritual civilization 精神文明achievements of art 艺术成就humane historical sites 人文历史遗址high-rise office buildings 高层写字楼city construction 城市建设visual enjoyment 视觉享受driving force 驱动力architectural industry 建筑工业city designing 城市设计architectural vandalism 破坏建筑行为cultural needs 文化需求四、媒体类right to know 知情权information era 信息时代1audience/viewers 观众information-explosion society 信息爆炸的社会various thrilling programs 各种各样激动人心的节目poor-quality programs 低质量节目electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射psychological illnesses 心理疾病global village 地球村second-hand information 二手信息critical thinking 批判性思维powerful means of communication 有力的交流工具main cause 主因family attachment 家庭归属感mutual understanding 相互了解alienation of affection 感情疏远generation gap 代沟a great deal of information 大量的信息emotional bond 感情纽带physical and mental health 身心健康unwholesome lifestyle不健康的生活方式exchanges of feelings 感情交流五、工作类flow of personnel 人才流动mechanism of personnel flow人才流动机制survival of the fittest 适者生存a sense of accomplishment 成就感company philosophy 企业文化team-work spirit 团队合作精神a fat salary 收入颇丰a harmonious interpersonal relationship 和谐的人际关系a sense of responsibility 责任感material gains 物质待遇promising future 光明的前途bright prospect 光明的前景a challenging job 一份具有挑战性的工作turning point 转折点a decent job 一份体面的工作chance of promotion升迁机会stability and satisfaction 稳定感和满足感balance work and life 平衡工作和生活from-nine-to-five 朝九晚五一族a well-paid job 高收入工作creative work 创造性工作a sense of self-fulfilment 自我实现感promotion opportunity 提升机会social recognition 社会认可ideal workplace 理想工作场所working environment 工作环境六、交通类automobile industry 汽车工业pollution-free fuel 无污染燃料chronic lead poisoning 慢性铅中毒popularization of cars 汽车普及rush hour 上下班高峰时间zebra crossing 斑马线non-renewable resources 不可再生资源carbon dioxide 二氧化碳a pillar industry 支柱产业road networks 公路网traffic engineering 交通运输工程the number of car ownership 汽车拥有量traffic accidents 交通事故speed limits 限速major cause 主要原因七、社会类tertiary industry 第三产业traffic congestion 交通拥挤water scarcity 水短缺the environmental pollution 环境污染over-industrialization 过度工业化over-crowdedness 过度拥挤wealth distribution 财富分配social instability 社会动荡urban construction 城市建设population explosion 人口激增a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升drain of energy and resources 能源和资源消耗2a rapid pace of life 快节奏生活stress-related illnesses 与压力有关的疾病high cost of living 高额生活费用pastoral life 田园生活class polarization 阶级两极分化social welfare 社会福利urban sprawl 城市扩张convenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具better medical services 更好的医疗服务pressure of modern life in city 城市生活压力melting pot 熔炉pollutant 污染性物质waste disposal 废物处理ways of consumption 消费方式city planners 城市规划者a feasible measure 一种可行的措施vicious cycle 恶性循环八、动物保护类test animals 用于实验的动物animal rights 动物权利clinical research 临床研究medical research 医学研究origin of species 物种起源alternative method 替代的方法biological diversity 生物多样性natural balance 自然平衡equilibrium of ecosystem 生态平衡endangered animals 濒危动物diversity of species 物种多样性dominant species 优势物种right to live 生存权life-threatening diseases 危及生命的疾病scientific gains 科学成果computer simulation 电脑模拟medical technology 医疗技术an ever-lasting theme 一个永恒的主题九、科技类advanced science 尖端科学double-edged sword 双刃剑earth-shaking changes 翻天覆地的改变energy crisis 能源危机depletion of resources 能源消耗milestone 里程碑sophisticated equipment 尖端设备technical innovation 科技创新expediency 权宜之计scientific invention 科学发明a heated discussion 热烈的讨论exhaust gas 废气opposite forces 负面影响a fatal breakdown 致命故障potential hazards 潜在危险means of transportation 交通方式transportation tools 交通工具social status 社会地位environmentally-friendly resources 环保的能源alternative fuel 可替代燃料sustainable development 可持续性发展scientific exploration 科学探索cure-all solution 万能良药air travel 航空旅行3。
高考英语总复习专项专题名词
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(10)以is结尾的外来词变is为es。如: emphasis——emphases强调,重点 crisis——crises危机 basis——bases基础 thesis——theses论题,论文
(二)不可数名词
1.不可数名词一般不分单复数,也不能与 不定冠词a,an直接连用,若要表示数量, 需加适当的单位名词。
zoo——zoos photo——photos
piano——pianos radio——radios
kilo——kilos video——videos
studio——studios bamboo——bamboos
有些以o结尾的名词既可以加s,也可以加es, 如:
zero——zeros/zeroes mottos/mottoes
(2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词在名词后加 es,如:
bus——buses box——boxes
watch——watches brush——brushes
词尾es一般读[Ιz]。但以ch结尾的名词,若 ch发[k]音,则复数应加s,s一般读[s], 如:
stomach——stomachs。
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词将y变成i再加 es,es一般读[z],如:
knife——knives; half——halves; leaf——leaves;
loaf——loaves; wolf——wolves; wife——wives
有些以f或fe结尾的名词只加s,s一般读[s], 如:
roof——roofs屋顶 gulf——gulfs海湾 chief——chiefs首领 belief——beliefs信仰 proof——proofs证据 serf——serfs奴隶 cliff——cliffs悬崖 brief——br (一)可数名词 可数名词一般有单数和复数两种形式,有些
高考英语复习专题(共15个专题)
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语法复习专题一-—名词一、考点聚焦1。
可数名词单、复数变化形式(1)规则变化.①单数名词词尾直接加—s。
如:boy — boys, pen — pens。
②以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。
如:glass — glasses,box — boxes, watch — watches, brush — brushes.特例:stomach - stomaches.③以“辅音字母 + y"结尾的变“y”为“i"再加“-es”.如:baby - babies, lady - ladies, fly — flies.④以“o"结尾的多数加-es。
如:tomato —tomatoes,potato —potatoes, hero - heroes。
但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o 结尾的词只加—s。
如:radio — radios, zoo — zoos, photo - photos,piano - pianos, kilo — kilos, tobacco - tobaccos.⑤以“f”或“fe"结尾的名词复数形式变“f"或“fe”为“v",之后再加-es。
如:wife - wives, life - lives, knife — knives, wolf— wolves, self — selves, leaf - leaves等.特例:handkerchief— handkerchiefs, roof - roofs, chief — chiefs, gulf — gulfs, belief — beliefs, cliff —cliffs。
⑥改变元音字母的.如:man - men, mouse — mice, foot — feet,woman — women, tooth — teeth, goose - geese, ox — oxen.特例:child - children。
高考英语总复习之语法专项讲解名词
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第一章:名词名词的意义和种类一.名词的意义:表示人, 事物, 或抽象概念的词叫做名词二.名词的种类:1.专有名词: 表示具体的人, 事物, 地点或机构的专有名称, 如: China, Lei Feng, Yan’an2.普通名词: 表示某类人或某类事物的名称, 又可分为四类①.个体名词: 表示单个的人或事物, 如: doctor, house, tree, orange, photo②.集体名词: 表示一群人或事物的总称, 如: class, family, group③.物质名词: 表示无法分出个体的物质, 如: rice, steel, water, coal, cotton④.抽象名词: 表示抽象概念的词, 如: victory, health, progress, friendship名词的数一般地说, 个体名词和集体名词是可数的, 称为可数名词; 物质名词和抽象名词一般是不可数的, 称为不可数名词一.可数名词复数形式的构成:1.规则变化:①.一般直接在名词后加-s, 如: desks, maps, bags, days, houses, faces②.以字母s, sh, ch, x结尾的名词后加-es, 如: buses, brushes, watches, boxes③.以字母f 或fe结尾的名词构成复数形式时, 把f / fe改为v, 再加-es, 如: lives, leaves, shelves, knives, wives, thieves, 但roofs, chiefs, gulfs, beliefs, proofs等例外④.以-o结尾的名词的复数多数加-es, 如: heroes, potatoes, tomatoes, Negroes等, 少数加-s, 如: zoos, radios, studios, photos, pianos, bamboos, tobaccos, videos, kilos等⑤.以辅音字母+ y结尾的名词, 要把y改为i, 再加-es, 如: factories, babies, countries2.不规则变化:①.改变单数名词中的元音字母, 如: men, women, feet, geese②.单复数形式相同, 如: sheep, deer, fish, means(方式,方法), jin(斤), yuan(元)③.其他形式, 如: child – children, ox – oxen, mouse – mice④.表示某国人的名词的复数形式因习惯不同而名异a.单复数形式相同(多以-ese结尾), 如: Chinese, Japanese, Swissb.词尾加-s(多以-an结尾), 如: Russians, Germans, Americans, Koreans, Indians, Italians, Greeksc.将man变成men,将woman变成women, 如: Englishman, Englishwomen, Dutchmen⑤.复合名词的复数形式有以下几种情况:a.将复合名词中的主体名词变为复数形式, 如: lookers-on, sons-in-law, step-sons, passers-by, editors-in-chiefb.如果复合名词中没有主体名词, 则在最后一个词的后面加s(或其他复数形式), 如: grown-ups成年人, go-betweens中间人c.有些复合名词的组成部分都要变成复数形式, 如: men servants, women doctors二.不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但要注意以下几点:1.物质名词的复数可表示多种类, 多量, 多次等含义, 如: fruits各种水果, teas, steels, snows积雪, waters海水(或河水,湖水,江水)2.有些不可数名词的复数形式表示与这个不可数名词不同的意义, 如: greens青菜, times时代, works著作, spirits情绪, irons镣铐, manners礼貌3.有些物质名词有时也是可数名词:a. A glass (玻璃杯) is made of glass.b. Do you have any evening papers (报纸) ?4.专有名词一般只用单数, 但有时也可用复数, 如: the West Indies西印度群岛, the Jacksons杰克逊一家a. There are four Lius in our class.在我们班有四个姓刘的5.物质名词在表示数量时, 常借助一些量词来表示, 如: a cup of tea, two glasses of milk, three pieces of chalk. 可数名词也可用这种形式来表示数量, 如: three boxes of matches, four baskets of apples三.有此名词既可作不可数名词, 也可作可数名词, 但意义常有不同1.物质名词表示种类或具体事物时, 可成为可数名词, 如: tea茶/ teas各种茶, hair头发/ a hair一根头发, glass玻璃/ a glass玻璃杯, paper纸/ papers试卷,论文,报纸2.抽象名词具体化可使之成为可数名词, 如: difficulty表示“困难”时是不可数, 表示“难事”时是可数, 再如: pleasure表示“乐事”, youth表示“青年”时都是可数3.可数名词用来表示抽象意义或物质意义时, 成为不可数名词, 如: room空间, talk空谈, chicken鸡肉名词的格英语中名词有三个格: 主格(作主语), 宾格(作宾语)和所有格一.名词的所有格: 名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词的所有格1.表示有生命的东西(人或物)的名词的所有格一般在名词后加’s, 如: my father’s room①.以-s或-es结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加’, 如: the teachers’ reading room, the masses’ advice②.不以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格要加’s, 如: the people’s needs, women’s rights③.若专有名词以-s结尾, 它的所有格一般只加’, 但也有加’s的, 读作[iz], 如: B urns’s poems或Burns’ poem④.复合名词或短语的所有格的’s加在最后一个词之后, 如: her son-in-law’s photo,the commander-in-chief’s report, the king of Spain’s daughter, somebody else’s car⑤.如果一样东西为两人共有, 则在后面一个名词后加’s;如果不是两者共有, 则在两个名词之后都要加’s, 如: Jane and Helen’s room (Jane和Helen共用的房间), Bill’s and Tom’s rooms(Bill的房间和Tom的房间)⑥.在表示店铺, 某人的家的名词所有格后面, 一般省掉它所修饰的名词, 如: the tailor’s裁缝店, the barber’s理发店, at my uncle’s在叔叔家2.表示无生命的名词一般用of构成词组表示所有关系, 如: the cover of the book, the workshops of the factory. 但, 表示时间, 距离, 重量, 国家, 城市, 地点等无生命的名词也可用’s形式来表示其所有关系, 如: three days’ sick leave, half an hour’s walk, today’s newspaper, a ton’s weight, China’s agriculture, Shanghai’s industry.3.指有生命的名词也可以用of词组表示所有格, 常用于以下情况之下:①.名词较长时, 如: the story of doctor Bethune, the works of Marx, Engels and Lenin②.名词的定语较长, 如: the son of the man who you just talked to, the name of the boy standing there4. of +名词的’s所有格形式或名词性物主代词称为双重所有格. 在表示所属物的名词前有冠词, 数词,不定代词或指示代词(如a, two, some, any, such, no, a few, this, that, these, those等)时, 常用双重所有格表示所属关系, 如: a friend of my father’s =one of my father’s friends, two brothers of his, some inventions of Edison’s, these poems of Li Bai’s, a few classmates of Xiao Ming’s, a ny friend of Tom’s, some houses of my grandfa ther’s.关于双重所有格还需注意以下几点:①.在双重所有格中, of前面的名词不和the连用, 如不能说: the new dress of Susan’s. 但若有定语从句在后, 则可以用the, 如可以说: the friends of my father’s who is going abroad②.在双重所有格中, 作of宾语的名词必须是人, 而且是特指。
高考英语 高考语法全集之--名词
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高考英语 高考语法全集之--名词一.名词的定义名词是人、动物、事物、地方、状态、品质或动作的名称。
它可表具体的和抽象的东西。
下面划线单词都是名词:John is my friend .My children love their teachers .(人) The dog is running after a rat .(动物) The meeting was a great success. (事物)This school is good .Broadway is a street in New York City .(地方) My pencil is lost .The window of this house is pretty .(东西) Poverty is a big problem .Everyone seeks happiness .(状态) His bravery is well-known .I enjoy the beauty of this garden .(品质) His arrival was on Sunday .His judgment is not correct .(动作) 名词分为专有名词和普通名词两个大类:指具体人物、地点、机构、组织、团体、国家或地区的专用名称。
是一类人、一类东西、一个抽象概念等的共有名称。
按语法特征它又可分为个和不可数名词之分:表示作为个体而存在的人或事物的名词。
②集体名词:表示若干个人或事物总体的名词。
若强调整体也可作单数用。
如:family 家庭class 班,阶层army 军队 council 委员会 staff 工作人员team 队 public 公众 jury 陪审团generation 一代人 club 俱乐部 government 政府 crowd 人群 group 组police 警察 press 新闻界 board 董事会 people 人们 youth 年轻人 majority 大多数 population 人口 party 群,队,组 personnel 全体人员 committee 委员会 audience 观众;听众crew 全体船员/机组人员等。
高考英语 名词的种类及重点用法
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名词重点用法第一,名词的种类:一、专有名词:1、China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack2、the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the People’s Republic of China, the United States 等。
(由普通名词构成的专有名词,要加定冠词。
)二、普通名词:(一)不可数名词1、物质名词 water, rice, oil, paper等。
2、抽象名词 health, trouble,work, pleasure, honour, success, failure等。
①不可数名词前一般不加不定冠词:若加a(an)则使之具体化了。
例如:have a wonderful time,a surprise(一个惊奇), a success(一个成功者), a failure(一个失败者), an honour(一种荣誉)etc,②不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
③不可数名词一般无复数形式。
部分物质名词在表不同类别时,可用复数形式。
如:fishes各种各样的鱼, newspapers各种报纸, waters河湖、海水, snows积雪……④有些抽象名词也常用复数,变为可数的具体的事物。
如:times时代,works著作,difficulties困难事⑤在表数量时,常用“of”词组来表示。
如:a glass of milk 一杯牛奶, a cup of tea一杯茶, two pieces of paper两张纸….(二)可数名词:可数名词包括个体名和集体名词,有单、复数形式,可数名词除用复数形式表示一类之外,一般都要加冠词:例如:a bird, a fly, an hourThe frog is a kind of hibernating animal.Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh.第二,可数名词单数变为复数形式的规则一、规则变化——加“s”或“es”1.一般情况在名词后面加-s。
高考英语名词
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名词所有格--名词所有格的使用
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5. 名词所有格所修饰的词的省略 1)所有格所修饰的词在重复出现时。如: Who’s seat is this?” “It’s Mary’s.” Mary’s = Mary’s seat 2) 表示教堂、商店的词。 如: St. Paul’s = St. Paul’s Cathedral Macy’s = Macy’s Department Store the barber’s = the barber’s store 3) 表示某人的家的词。 如:my sister’s = my sister’s home Lucy’s = Lucy’s home 6. 双重所有格 1)表示双重所有关系。如: four books of Henry’s = four of Henry’s books 2) 名词前有冠词或指示代词限定时,表示欣赏或厌恶的语气。如: this new story of his
名词在句子中的成分
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3)名词做定语与形容词做定语的区别 A. 做定语的名词表示所修饰的名词的内涵、材质等。如: gold ring, stone house, history exam, music lesson B. 做定语的形容词表示所修饰的名词的的性质、特征等。如: golden sunshine, stony heart, historical event, musical instrument
名词所有格--名词所有格的使用
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7. 特殊情况 1) 由else一词修饰的somebody/nobody/nothing一类词的所有格加在 else上。如:somebody else’s。 2)并列的名词的所有格 A. 表分别所有,所有格加在各个名词上。如:Tom’s and Jack’s room=Tom’s room and Jack’s room B.表共同所有,所有格加在最后的名词上。如:Tom and Jack’s room.= the room which belongs to Tom and Jack
高考英语必背180个名词
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appointment 约会——argument争论——statement陈述,声明break休息——voyage旅程——transportation交通justice公正——judgment判断——exploration探索exhibition展览——record记录——expression表达——application申请quality品质——achievement成就——devotion贡献principle原则,原理——means方式——manner方式,方法——form形式jar罐子——dust灰尘——sense感觉——sensitivity敏感——faith信念movement动作——model模式——instruction引导——guidance指导substitute代用品——supply供应,补给path小路——sidewalk人行道——bush灌木specialist专家,专科医生——operation手术,经营——physician内科医生ache疼痛——burden负担——relief安慰emotion情绪——coldness冷漠——calmness冷静——concern担忧,关注boredom无聊,厌倦——anxiety焦虑——confusion困惑——sorrow悲伤party派对——pastime消遣——picnic野餐sight视力,景象——degree度,度数——height高度——length长度cushion靠垫——flat公寓——apartment公寓——basement地下室strength力量——force力量——weakness弱点——challenge挑战lecture讲座——monument纪念碑——motto座右铭——saying谚语wheel轮子——tournament竞标赛——race赛车,比赛——risk风险adolescent青少年——retiree 退休人员——retirement退休——unemployment失业fortune运气——hardship艰难——sympathy同情head头——hand手——look眼神——sense感官——wisdom智慧spot地点,斑点——pile堆condition条件——comment评论——basics基础知识——conclusion结论abundance丰富——presence存在patience耐心——calmness镇定——violence暴力——misuse滥用shot 射门——play比赛中的打法——score分数——tutor家教moment某一时刻——period期间community社区——neighborhood街区——commission委员会neighborliness睦邻友好——surroundings环境atmosphere气氛——harmony和谐security安全——sign标志——function功能——pattern图案,模式package包裹——present礼物tiredness疲劳——exhaustion筋疲力竭——sickness疾病offer提供——value价值——exchange交换kindness善良——passion热情——enthusiasm热情lab实验室——resource资源——origin起源plain平原——continent大陆——land土地——state国家,州desire欲望——temptation诱惑——inspiration激励,灵感determination决心——struggle努力——effort精力,努力——attitude态度deed行为——process过程——program程序,计划data数据——database数据库——copy副本,复制品roughness粗糙——inferiority低等,劣等dawn黎明——dusk黄昏——boundary分界线quiz智力问答,小测试——talent天赋,人才grocer食品商,杂货店——grocery食品,杂货——order订单——reservation预定corporation企业——regulation规则——colleague同事——president校长,领导model模特——fellow家伙——image形象sacrifice牺牲——self-defence自卫——witness目击证人——victim受害者session会议——occasion场合——range范围——basis基础blessing祝福——expectation期待separation分离——gap差距——contact联系account描述——praise赞扬——advancement进步comprehension理解——difference不同——exception例外row排——bar块,条——barrier障碍物——concrete混凝土fund资金——loan贷款——bill账单——bid出价——average平均数poverty贫穷——tip小费,建议——possession财产,所有物interest兴趣,利润——profit利益,利润——benefit好处intention目的——purpose目的——project计划——motivation动机campaign运动,竞赛——career事业——tryout选拔handle把手——branch树枝,分公司——band乐队request请求——belief信念——disbelief不相信,怀疑——goal目标material材料——concept概念——respect方面——aspect方面association适应——nature天性——vision视力——view观点,景色stress 压力——strike罢工——shape形状——state状态trap陷阱——board板——point点——push推yard 后院——shelter避难所——cottage村舍curse诅咒——lesson教训——assignment作业responsibility责任——cooperation合作——production生产——order订单poster海报——permit许可——recognition认可prize奖赏——value价值——fame声望——rank排名equipment设备——equality平等presence到场,存在——action行动attempt尝试——progress进步——competence能力,胜任——contest比赛relative亲戚——guest客人——audience观众——performance表演taste品位——drive动力——logic逻辑editor编辑——operator接线员,经营者——critic批评者treatment治疗——loyalty忠诚——crime犯罪sign标记——mark记号——hint暗示——case案例musical音乐剧——stage舞台——mask面具preview预习——review复习——draft草稿——quote引文technique 技巧——major专业——rate比率,速率afterthought事后的想法——inference推论expense支出——cost成本——budget预算——donation捐款organization机构——campus校园——theme主题——individual个人impact影响——implication含义——measure评判标准——degree程度virtue美德——aid帮助——assistance帮助——conflict冲突wealth财富——treasure财富——income收入——integration融合scale规模——manufacturer制造商——appearance外观——inspection视察admirer爱慕者——claim声称——outcome结果——issue问题species物种——evolution进化——theory理论——factor因素prospect希望,机会——event事件——leadership领导力romance爱情故事——proof证据——illustration例证ingredient原料——individuality个性——signal信号——interaction交流。
新高考英语整理大全—名词
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高中英语语法总结大全之名词名词概论名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词(Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。
普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。
普通名词又可分为下面四类:1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。
2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。
3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。
4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(Countable Nouns),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。
归纳一下,名词的分类可以下图表示:名词复数的规则变化其它名词复数的规则变化1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数:如:two Marys the Henrysmonkey---monkeysholiday---holidays比较:层楼:storey ---storeysstory---stories2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:a. 加s,如:photo---photospiano---pianosradio---radioszoo---zoos;b. 加es,如:potato--potatoestomato—tomatoesc. 均可,如:zero---zeros / zeroes3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:a. 加s,如:belief---beliefsroof---roofssafe---safesgulf---gulfs;b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half---halvesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswolf---wolveswife---wiveslife---livesthief---thieves;c. 均可,如:handkerchief:handkerchiefs / handkerchieves名词复数的不规则变化1)child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teethmouse---miceman---menwoman---women注意:与man 和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women。
高考英语名词
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⑸以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复
数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v
之后再加- es 如:
wife — wives life — lives knife — knives wolf— wolves self — selves leaf — leaves
但有少数词直接加-“s”
如: handkerchief— handkerchiefs
B:不可数名词的数 ⑴不可数名词没有复数 ⑵不可数名词的复数表“各种
各样”
如:food-foods, drink-drinks
C:特殊用法 (重点)
1.有些 名词 的复数有其它的意义
papers 报纸,文件 manners 礼貌
goods 货物
sands 沙滩
looks 表情
greens 青菜
forces 军队
the Germans a Ge
the English an En
the Swedish a Sw
roof — roofs chief — chiefs 首长 gulf — gulfs 海湾 belief — beliefs cliff — cliffs 峭壁 proof —proofs 证据
⑹有少数名词单复数同型: sheep, deer, means, works
⑺有的名词有两种复数形式。 如: penny --pence(便士的钱数) pennies(便士的枚数) fish—fishes(种类) fish(条数)
英语复习系列 —名名词 词
名词用法
名词
一:名词的分类
1.可数名词: 可以被数词修饰的名词
包括: 个体名词 集体名词
2.不可数名词: 不能被数词修饰的名词
包括: 物资名词 抽象名词 专有名词
高考英语重点名词524个(带音标)
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高考重点名词524个序号单词读音词性词义1 envy [ˈenvɪ]vt.n. 妒忌,羡慕2 import [ɪmˈpɔːt]vt./n 输入,进口3 decrease [dɪˈkriːs]vi.n. 减少4 fax [fæks]n.vt. 传真5 debate [dɪˈbeɪt]n.vi 争论,辩论6 female [ˈfiːmeɪl]n.a. 女性的,雌性的7 grey [ɡreɪ]n./a. 灰色(的)8 absence [ˈæbsəns]n. 缺席,不在场,缺乏9 access [ˈækses]n. 接近,通道,入口10 account [əˈkaʊnt]n. 记述,解释,账目11 accuse [əˈkjuːz]n. 指责,归咎于12 actress [ˈæktrɪs]n. 女演员13 adult [ˈædʌlt]n. 成年人 n.成年的14 adventure [ədˈventʃə(r)]n. 冒险,惊险活动15 agent [ˈeɪdʒənt]n. 代理人,代理商16 alarm [əˈlɑːm]n. 惊恐,忧虑,警报17 alcohol [ˈælkəhɔl]n. 酒精,乙醇18 amount [əˈmaʊnt]n. 总数,数量,和19 anger ['æŋgə]n. 怒,愤怒 vt.使发愁20 anniversary [ænɪˈvɜːsərɪ]n. 周年纪念日21 apartment [əˈpɑːtmənt]n. 一套公寓房间22 appearance [əˈpɪərəns]n. 出现,来到,外观23 appointment [əˈpɔɪntmənt]n. 任命,约会,约定24 artist [ˈɑːtɪst]n. 艺术家,美术家25 aspect [ˈæspekt]n. 方面,样子,外表26 athlete [ˈæθliːt]n. 运动员27 attitude [ˈætɪtjuːd; ]n. 态度,看法,姿势28 audience [ˈɔːdɪəns]n. 听众,观众29 award [ə'wɔrd]n. 奖,奖品,判定30 baggage [ˈbæɡɪdʒ]n. 行李31 base [beɪs]n. 基础,底层,基地32 basis [ˈbeɪsɪs]n. 基础,根据33 battle [ˈbæt(ə)l]n. 战役,斗争 vi.作战34 beauty [ˈbjuːtɪ]n. 美,美丽,美人35 belong [bɪˈlɔŋ]n. 属于,附属36 benefit [ˈbenɪfɪt]n. 利益,恩惠,津贴37 biology [baɪˈɔlədʒɪ]n. 生物学,生态学38 blouse [blaʊz]n. 宽松的上衣39 bomb [bɔm]n. 炸弹 vt.轰炸40 border [ˈbɔːdə(r)]n. 边缘,边界41 brake [breɪk]n. 闸,刹车 vi.制动42 brand [brænd]n. 商品,烙印 vt.铭刻43 broadcast [ˈbrɔːdkɑːst]n. 广播,播音44 bucket [ˈbʌkɪt]n. 水桶,吊桶45 burden [ˈbɜːd(ə)n]n. 担子,负担,装载量46 butcher ['bʊtʃə]n. 屠夫,屠户47 cafe [ˈkæfeɪ]n. 咖啡馆,小餐厅48 candidate [ ˈkændɪdeɪt]n. 候选人,投考者49 carrot [ˈkærət]n. 胡萝卜50 case [keɪs]n. 情况,事实,病例51 castle [ ˈkæsl]n. 城堡52 cattle [ˈkæt(ə)ln. 牛,牲口,家畜53 centimeter ['sentiˌmi:tə(r)]n. 厘米54 ceremony [ˈserɪmənɪ]n. 典礼,仪式,礼节55 chain [tʃeɪn]n. 链,链条,项圈56 champion [ˈtʃæmpɪən]n. 冠军57 chapter [ˈtʃæptə(r)]n. 章,回,篇58 cheek [tʃiːk]n. 面颊,脸蛋59 chimney [ˈtʃɪmnɪ]n. 烟囱60 cigarette [sɪɡəˈret]n. 香烟61 climate [ˈklaɪmɪt]n. 气候62 clothing [ˈkləʊðɪŋ]n. 衣服63 collar [ˈkɔlə(r)]n. 衣领64 comfort [ˈkʌmfət]n. 舒适,安慰 vt.安慰65 communism [ˈkɔmjʊnɪz(ə)m]n. 共产主义66 companion [kəmˈpænɪən]n. 同伴67 conclusion [kənˈkluːʒ(ə)n]n. 结论,推论,结尾68 conduct [ˈkəndʌkt]n. 举止,行为,指导69 confident [ˈkɔnfɪdənt]n. 确信的,自信的70 conflict [ˈkɔnflɪkt]n. 争论,冲突,斗争71 congratulation [kənɡrætjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n]n. 祝词,贺辞72 cottage [ˈkɔtɪdʒ]n. 村舍,小屋73 court [kɔːt]n. 法庭74 creature [ˈkriːtʃə(r)]n. 生物,创造物75 crew [kruː]n. 全体船员76 crop [krɔp]n. 农作物,庄稼77 crowd [kraʊd]n. 群,大众,一伙人78 curtain [ˈkɜːt(ə)n]n. 帘,窗帘,幕(布)79 custom [ˈkʌstəm]n. 习惯,风俗,海关80 cycle [ˈsaɪk(ə)l]n. 循环81 darkness [ˈdɑːknɪs]n. 黑暗82 deadline [ˈdedlaɪn]n. 最终期限83 debt [det]n. 债务,欠债84 deed [diːd]n. 行为,功绩,契约85 defence [di'fens]n. 防御,辩护86 degree [dɪˈɡriː]n. 程度,度,学位87 department [dɪˈpɑːtmənt]n. 部,司,局,处,系88 description [dɪˈskrɪpʃ(ə)n]n. 描述,形容89 diagram [ˈdaɪəɡræm]n. 图解,图表,简图90 diamond [ˈdaɪəmənd]n. 钻石,菱形91 diet ['daɪət]n. 饮食,食物92 dirt [dɜːt]n. 尘,土,污垢93 discount [ˈdɪskaʊnt]n. 折扣94 district [ˈdɪstrɪkt]n. 地区,区域95 dot [dɔt]n. 点,圆点 vt.打点在96 drill [drɪl]n. 钻头,操练97 earthquake [ˈɜːθkweɪk]n. 地震98 emergency [ɪˈmɜːdʒənsɪ]n. 紧急情况,突发事件99 envelope [ˈenvələʊp]n. 信封,封套100 error [ˈerə(r)]n. 错误,谬误,差错101 evidence [ˈevɪdəns]n. 根据,证据,证人102 expert [ˈekspɜːt]n. 专家 a.熟练的103 expression [ɪkˈspreʃ(ə)n]n. 词句,表达,表情104 fault [fɔːlt]n. 缺点,过失,故障105 fellow [ˈfeləʊ]n. 人,家伙,伙伴106 fence [fens]n. 栅栏107 file [faɪl]n. 档案 vt.把……归档108 fireworks [ˈfaɪəwɜːks]n. [pl.]爆竹,烟花109 fist [fɪst]n. 拳头110 flash [flæʃ]n. 闪光 vi.闪,闪烁111 flight [flaɪt]n. 航班,飞行,逃跑112 flood [flʌd]n. 洪水113 forecast [ˈfɔːkɑːst]n. 预测,预报 vt.预示114 fortnight [ˈfɔːtnaɪt]n. 两星期,十四天115 freedom [ˈfriːdəm]n. 自由116 function ['fʌŋkʃən]n. 功能,职务,函数117 gas [ɡæs]n. 煤气,气体118 generation [dʒenəˈreɪʃ(ə)n]n. 一代,一代人,生产119 globe [gləub]n. 地球,世界,地球仪120 goods [ɡʊdz]n. 货物,商品121 graduation [ɡrædjʊˈeɪʃ(ə)n]n. 毕业,122 gravity ['grævətɪ]n. 重力,引力,严重性123 grocer [ˈɡrəʊsə(r)]n. 杂货商124 guide [ɡaɪd]n. 导游vt.指导125 haircut [ˈheəkʌt]n. 理发,发型,发式126 handkerchief [ˈhæŋkətʃɪf]n. 手帕127 happiness [ˈhæpɪnɪs]n. 幸福,满足128 harm [hɑːm]n. 上海,损害vt.损害129 harvest [ˈhɑːvɪst]n. 收获,收成vt.收割130 host [həʊst]n. 主人,东道主131 identify [aɪ'denti,faɪ]n. 身份,相同vt.确定身份132 importance [ɪmˈpɔːt(ə)ns]n. 重要性133 income [ˈɪnkʌm]n. 收入,收益134 instant [ˈɪnst(ə)nt]n. 瞬间 a.立即的135 instrument [ˈɪnstrʊmənt]n. 仪器,工具,乐器136 intelligence [ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns]n. 智力,理解力,情报137 jam [dʒæm]n. 果酱138 jazz [dʒæz]n. 爵士音乐,爵士舞曲139 journey [ˈdʒɜːnɪ]n. 旅行,旅程140 jungle [ˈdʒʌŋɡ(ə)l]n. 丛林,密林141 justice [ˈdʒʌstɪs]n. 正义,公正,司法142 kindergarten [kɪndəˈɡɑːt(ə)n]n. 幼儿园143 league [liːɡ]n. 同盟,联盟144 length [leŋθ]n. 长度145 lifetime [ˈlaɪftaɪm]n. 终身146 liquid [ˈlɪkwɪd]n. 液体 a.液体的,流动的147 litre [liːtə(r)]n. 公升148 lorry [ ˈlɔːrɪ]n. 卡车149 luggage [ˈlʌɡɪdʒ]n. 行李,皮箱150 mailbox ['meɪlbɒks]n. 邮箱151 majority [məˈdʒɔrɪtɪ]n. 多数152 mankind [mænˈkaɪnd]n. 人类153 March [mɑːtʃ]n. 三月154 material [məˈtɪərɪəl]n. 材料,原料,素材a.物质的155 matter [ˈmætə(r)]n. 事情,物质 vi.要紧,有关系156 means [miːnz]n. 方法,手段157 media [ˈmiːdɪə]n. 媒体158 menu ['menju:]n. 菜单159 mercy [ˈmɜːsɪ]n. 仁慈160 midnight [ˈmɪdnaɪt]n. 午夜161 mineral [ˈmɪnər(ə)l]n. 矿物a.矿物的162 minister [ˈmɪnɪstə(r)]n. 部长,大臣163 motor [ˈməʊtə(r)]n. 发动机,机动车164 nail [neɪl]n. 钉子;指甲vt.钉165 nationality [næʃəˈnælətɪ]n. 国籍,民族166 navy [ˈneɪvɪ]n. 海军167 needle [niːd(ə)l]n. 针vt.缝补,编织168 nest [nest]n. 巢,窝169 niece [niːs]n. 侄女,外甥女170 novel [ˈnɔv(ə)l]n. 小说a.新奇的,新颖的171 nut [nʌt]n. 坚果172 occupation [ɔkjʊˈpeɪʃ(ə)n]n. 占领,占据;职业,工作173 orbit [ˈɔːbɪt]n. 运行轨道vt.环绕174 oxygen [ˈɔksɪdʒ(ə)n]n. 氧,氧气175 pain [peɪn]n. 痛苦,疼痛176 painting [ˈpeɪntɪŋ]n. 油画,绘画177 panic [ˈpænɪk]n. 恐慌,惊慌178 parcel [ˈpɑːs(ə)l]n. 包裹,邮包179 passer-by ['pɑ:sə-baɪ]n. 过路人180 pattern [ˈpæt(ə)n]n. 式样,模型181 performance [pɚ'fɔrməns]n. 履行;表演;表现182 phenomenon [fɪˈnɔmɪnən]n. 现象183 pile [paɪl]n. 堆 vt.堆叠184 pillow ['piləu]n. 枕头185 player [ˈpleɪə(r)]n. 表演者,比赛者186 poet [ˈpəʊɪt]n. 诗人187 pole [pəʊl]n. 杆,柱188 pollution [pəˈluːʃ(ə)n]n. 污染189 pot [pɔt]n. 锅190 power ['pauə]n. 能力;电力;权利191 process [ˈprəʊses]n. 过程 vt. 处理192 profession [prəˈfeʃ(ə)n]n. 职业193 profit [ˈprɔfɪt]n. 利润 vi. 得益194 punishment [ˈpʌnɪʃmənt]n. 惩罚195 quality [ˈkwɔlətɪ]n. 质量,特性196 rank [ræŋk]n. 军衔 vt. 归类于197 ray [reɪ]n. 光线;射线198 reading ['ridɪŋ]n. 阅读;读物199 reform [rɪˈfɔːm]n. 改革,改良vt.改革,革新200 religion [rɪˈlɪdʒən]n. 宗教信仰201 rent [rent]n. 租金,租vi.出租202 reputation [repjʊˈteɪʃ(ə)n]n. 名誉,声望203 revolution [revəˈluːʃ(ə)n]n. 革命,旋转204 root [ruːt]n. 跟(部),根源vi.生根,扎根205 salary [ˈsælərɪ]n. 薪水206 satisfaction [sætɪsˈfækʃ(ə)n]n. 满意207 section [ˈsekʃ(ə)n]n. 切片,部门,章节208 seed [siːd]n. 种(子),籽209 self [self]n. 自我,自己210 sex [seks]n. 性别,性211 shadow [ˈʃædəʊ]n. 阴影,影子212 sheet [ʃiːt]n. 被单,纸张,薄片213 shock [ʃɔk]n. 冲击,震惊,电击vi.震动214 telescope ['teliskəup]n. 望远镜215 temple [ˈtemp(ə)l]n. 神殿,宇宙,太阳穴216 theory ['θiərɪ]n. 理论,学说217 thief [θiːf]n. 窃贼,偷窃犯218 throat [θrəʊt]n. 咽喉219 timetable [ˈtaɪmteɪb(ə)l]n. 时间表,时刻表220 title ['taitl]n. 标题,题目,称号,头衔221 tractor [ˈtræktə(r)]n. 拖拉机222 transport [trænsˈpɔːt]n. 运输vt.运输223 trick [trɪk]n. 诡计,窍门vt.哄骗224 typewriter [ˈtaɪpraɪtə(r)]n. 打字机225 typist [ˈtaɪpɪst]n. 打字员226 valley [ˈvælɪ]n. 山谷,流域227 vehicle [ˈviːhɪkl]n. 车辆228 victim [ˈvɪktɪm]n. 牺牲者,受害者229 visa [ˈviːzə]n. 鉴证,信用卡230 vote [vəʊt]n. 选举,投票231 wage [weɪdʒ]n. 工资,报酬232 waitress ['weitris]n. 女侍者,女服务员233 weakness [ˈwiːknɪs]n. 弱点234 weed [wiːd]n. 杂草,野草vi.除草235 wild [waɪld]n. 野生的,野蛮的n.荒地236 wire [ˈwaɪə(r)]n. 金属线,电缆237 witness [ˈwɪtnɪs]n. 证据,证人vt.目击238 wool [wul]n. 羊毛,毛线239 youth [juːθ]n. 青春,青年240 actor [ˈæktə(r)]n. 男演员241 affair [əˈfeə(r)]n. 事情,事件,事务242 agriculture [ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə(r)]n. 农业,农艺,农学243 aid [eɪd]n. 帮助,救护,助手244 aircraft [ˈeəkrɑːft]n. 飞机,飞行器245 album [ˈælbəm]n. 集邮本,照相簿,唱片246 ambition [æmˈbɪʃ(ə)n]n. 雄心,抱负,野心247 ancestor [ˈænsəstə(r)]n. 祖宗,祖先248 angle [ˈæŋɡ(ə)l]n. 角,角度249 architecture [ˈɑːkɪtektʃə(r)]n. 建筑学,建筑式样250 arrival [əˈraɪv(ə)l]n. 到达,到达者251 ash [æʃ]n. 灰,灰末,骨灰252 assistant [əˈsɪst(ə)nt]n. 助手,助教253 atmosphere [ˈætməsfɪə(r)]n. 大气,气氛254 author [ˈɔːθə(r)]n. 作者,作家255 average [ˈævərɪdʒ]n. 平均数 a.平均的256 badminton [ˈbædmɪntən]n. 羽毛球257 ban [bæn]n. 禁令 vt. 禁止,取缔258 bar [bɑː(r)]n. 酒吧间,条,杆259 bargain [ˈbɑːɡɪn]n. 交易,vi.议价,成交260 basin [ˈbeɪs(ə)n]n. 盆子,盆地261 bath [bɑːθ]n. 洗澡,浴缸262 battery [ˈbætərɪ]n. 电池263 beard [bɪəd]n. 胡须,络腮胡子264 beer [bɪə(r)]n. 啤酒265 beginning [bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ]n. 开始,开端,起源266 belly [ˈbelɪ]n. 腹部。
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高考英语复习名词(一)考纲要求名词应掌握以下内容:分清名词的可数性与不可数性;可数名词有单复数,有些名词只有复数;物质名词、抽象名词不可数但可以具体量化使用;名词所有格和of格的语言现象;名词直接作定语;国家名词的正确使用;名词词义的区分和搭配;单位名词的搭配;名词前的修饰语so, as, quite等;time及常考点。
(二)命题导向名词的“可数”与“不可数”是高考命题的热点之一。
不可数名词前不能与不定冠词连用,之后不能加-s。
有些抽象名词却有复数形式,但意义与原来词不同。
有些可数名词复数有两个意思,一个与单数意义相同,另一个和单数含义不同,高考中这些含义很可能成为考查的内容。
词语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考命题的注意点。
(三)知识概要英语的名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。
专有名词是指个人、团体、地方、机构或事物等所专有的名称,它的第一个字母必须大写。
如:Einstain, Beijing, Asia等。
普通名词是指一类人、一类事物、某种物质抽象概念的名称,可分为:个体名词(可数,如:worker, father, book, tree, school等);集体名词(可数,如:people, family, class, team等);物质名词(不可数,如:iron, paper, snow, water, chalk, gold等);抽象名词(不可数,如:life, thought, idea, strength等)。
注意:可数、不可数是英文名词和中文名词的一个重要差异——即学习的重点。
而很多英语名词具有双重性。
即,名词的类别不是固定不变的,它们会根据词义的变化和场合的不同而相互转换,其名词类别的转换可归纳如下:1、个体名词转抽象名词或抽象名词转个体名词e.g. Our school is not far from my home.(个体)我们学校离我家不远。
School is over at six.(抽象)六点钟放学。
2、物质名词转个体名词或个体名词转物质名词e.g. He broke a piece of glass.(物质)他打破了一块玻璃。
He broke a glass.(个体)他打破了一个杯子。
3、个体名词转专有名词e.g. His father is a teacher.(个体)他父亲是个教师。
“What are you doing there?” Father asked.(专有)“你在那儿干什么?”父亲问道。
(四)名词的数名词分为可数(有单、复数形式)和不可数名词(只有单数形式)。
1、可数名词单数变复数:①一般加s :lesson → lessons, pen → pens②以s, x, ss, ch, sh, o结尾的加es :buses, boxes, classes, watches, brushes, hero → heroes但有些以o结尾的名词,是加s构成复数:kilo → kilos, piano → pianos, radio → radios, photo → photos, zoo → zoos③以辅音字母+ y 结尾的改y为i,再加es :city → cities, story → stories④以f 或fe结尾的,一般将f或fe改为v,再加es :knife → knives, leaf → leaves但有些以f 结尾的名词,是在f后加s,构成复数形式:belief → beliefs, roof → roofs, safe (保险箱)→ safes, p roof(证据)→ proofs, chief → chiefs, handkerchief → handkerchiefs2、有些名词,不按上述规则构成其复数形式,有以下几种情况:①单复数形式相同:Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep②不规则变化:man → men, woman → women, goose → geese, foot → feet, tooth → teeth, child → children, mouse → mice, ox → oxen。
但是,German → Germans③复合名词的复数形式:editor-in-chief → editors-in-chief, daughter-in-law → daughters-in-law, grown-up → grown-ups, woman teacher → women teachers, man driver → men drivers3、注意以下几个名词单复数问题①物质名词一般不用复数形式,但有些物质名词要用复数形式来表示不同的类别,如:fishes 各种鱼,fruits各种水果,steels各种钢材。
②物质名词表示数量时,一般用表示数量的短语来表示。
如:a cup of tea, three bags of apples, four pieces of bread。
③有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义。
如:work(工作)→ works(著作),arm(手臂)→ arms(军火),glass(玻璃)→ glasses(眼镜),cloth(布)→ clothes(衣服)。
④定冠词加上姓氏的复数形式,表示全家人或夫妇二人;姓氏的复数形式前不加冠词,则表示若干个姓…的人。
如:the Wangs王家,three Wangs三个姓王的。
⑤只用作单数的复数形式的名词。
如:physics, mathematics, news, the United States⑥有些名词形似单数,但实为复数。
如:police, people, cattle⑦有些名词如被看作整体时就作单数用,如被看作组成该集体的各个成员时就作复数用。
如:class, family, couple, audience, government, public⑧有些抽象名词在具体化时,可以复数形式出现。
表示特指时,可和定冠词连用;表示“某种”或“一次”意义时,可和不定冠词连用。
如:How did you smooth away the difficulties?(指各种具体困难);It is a great pleasure to talk with you.;What a surprise!(五)名词的所有格名词的所有格在句中表示所有关系,作定语用。
1、有生命名词的所有格一般在词尾加上“’”或“’s”。
如:Tom’s bike, Engles’s (Engles’) works,a works’ school, Women’s Day, the editor-in-chief’s office2、如果一个事物为两个人所有,只在后一个名词的词尾加“’s”,如果不是共有,就要在两个名词的词尾都加上“’s”。
如:Tom and Mike’s room.(共有),Tom’s and Mike’s books.(不共有)。
3、表示时间、距离、国家、城市的无生命名词,可以在词尾加“’s”或“’”表示所有格,如:today’s papers, ten minutes’ walk4、表示店铺或某人的家时,常在名词所有格之后省去shop, house, home。
如:the tailor’s5、无生命名词的所在格通常用of短语来表示。
如:the window of the room6、表示有生命的名词有时也可用of短语来表示所有关系,而且当该名词带有较长的定语时。
如:the teachers of the No. 1 Middle School.7、双重所有格结构前的被修饰名词通常指整体中的部分或一个,双重所有格只能用于有生命的名词,这个名词是确定的。
被修饰名词前有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词等限定词时,一般只能用双重所有格。
如:an old friend of my uncle’s, a daughter of Mrs Green’s, the house of one of my friends(六)名词的普通格作定语表材料、地点、用途、性质、泛指时间、整体等普通名词可以作定语,一般用单数形式。
e.g. stone figures(石像);paper money(纸币);country music(乡村音乐);table cloth(桌布);river bank(河岸);school gate(校门口);book stores(书店);traffic lights(交通灯);summerholidays(暑假);evening dress(晚礼服)。
但在个别情况下,也有需用复数的。
e.g. sports meet(运动会);the United States government(美国政府);students reading-room (学生阅览室);goods train(货车);two men doctors(两个男医生)。
练习、名词1. The ____ of the room were covered with ____.A. roofs, leafsB. roofs, leavesC. rooves, leafsD. rooves, leaves2. There are three ____ in our factory.A. woman doctorsB. women doctorsC. woman doctorD. women doctor3. Which do you prefer ____ or ____?A. potatos, tomatosB. potatos, tomatoesC. potatoes, tomatosD. potatoes, tomatoes4. They are ____ of different presses(出版社). Now they are having a meeting in one of the ____ office.A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chief’sB. editors-in-chief, editor-in-c hief’sC. editors-in-chiefs, editor’s-in-chief’sD. editors-in-chief, editors-in-chief’s5. The ant has two ____. A. stomaches B. stomacks C. stomach D. stomachs6. He doesn’t like ____ for supper. A. chick B. chicken C. chickens D. chicks7. It was ____ hot weather that many of us went swimming.A. soB. suchC. so asD. such a8. ____ wonderful space they saw on the room!A. HowB. How aC. WhatD. What a9. We know ____ travels not so fast as light.A. soundB. soundsC. the soundsD. a sound10. My family raise a lot of ____, including two ____.A. cattle, cowsB. cows, cattleC. cattles, cowsD. cow, cattles11. A number of soldiers ____ at he camp gate(军营门口).A. have gatheredB. has gatheredC. isD. was12. The Browns have spent a large ____ of money on their new car.A. dealB. amountC. numberD. size13. ____ work has been done to improve the people’s living standard.A. ManyB. A great manyC. A great deal ofD. A number of14. Mr Li shook ____ warmly with a friend.A. handB. a handC. handsD. the hands15. Two ____, please. A. coffee B. coffees C. cup of coffee D. cups coffee16. I can’t pay as ____ as he asked for.A. high price aB. high priceC. a high priceD. high a price17. ____ knowledge of space develops rapidly. A. Man’s B. Men’s C. Mens’ D. Person’s18.I stayed at ____. A. Xiao Wang’s B. Wang’s home C. the Wangs D. home of Wang19. Sister Carrie works in a ____ factory. A. shoes B. shoses C. shoe D. shoe’s20. Have you ever read ____?A. today newspaperB. newspaper todayC. newspaper of todayD. today’s newspaper21. Two ____ walk didn’t made me tired. A. hour B. hours C. hour’s D. hours’22. The mother over there is ____ mother.A. Julia and MaryB. Julia and Mary’sC. Julia’s and Mary’sD. Julia’s and Mary23. Li Ming’s handwriting is better than ____ in the class.A. anyone’sB. anyone elseC. anyone’s else’sD. anyone else’s24. The children are playing ____ on the ____.A. sand, sandB. sands, sandsC. sand, sandsD. sands, sand25. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller ____. A. set B. one C. copy D. pair26. Tom usually takes a ____ in bus on rainy days. A. walk B. ride C. trip D. travel27. We have no ____ about where she has gone.A. informationB. newsC. messageD. flash28. Food and ____ are daily necessities(需要)for the people.A. clothB. clotheC. clothesD. clothing29. My ____ of hearing is not so good as it used to be. A. strength B. sense C. power D. skill30. The ____ caused by carelessness ____ yesterday. Many workers were killed.A. incident, was happenedB. matter, happenedC. event, was taken placeD. accident, took place31. The room was so quiet that she could hear the ____ of her heart.A. beatingB. waysC. knockingD. striking32. ____ has been told not to throw waste things anywhere.A. The publicB. PeopleC. WomenD. Man33. He was an ____ in the government ____.A. office, officialB. official, officeC. officer, officeD. official, officer34. There are several ____ in this novel who are different in ____.A. character, characterB. characters, charactersC. character, charactersD. characters, character35. We visited him ____ when he was in hospital.A. every other daysB. each other dayC. every other dayD. every two day36. My friend will return in ____.A. one day or twoB. a day or twoC. one day or twoD. a or two days37. ____ is always difficult for me.A. TranslationB. TranslateC. The translationD. A translation38. ____ of this novel is excellent, quite to my surprise.A. TranslationB. TranslateC. The translationD. A translation39. The police ____ looking into the matter now. A. be B. is C. are D. are going to40. The Chinese are ____ brave and hard working people. A. the B. a C. / D. one41. No news ____ good news. A. is B. are C. have D. has42. Maths still ____ very difficult for me, though I have done my best.A. looksB. seemsC. isD. are43. “Where ____ my trousers?” the boy asked. A. is B. was C. were D. are44. How happy they are! Obviously, they are ____.A. in nice spiritsB. in nice spiritC. in high spiritsD. in high spirit45. I saw many ____ seated in the corner reading something.A. JapaneseB. JapanesesC. of JapaneseD. of Japaneses46. Father went to his doctor for ____ about his heart trouble.A. an adviceB. adviceC. advicesD. the advices47. We are ____ and they are ____. A. Englishmen, GermansB. Englishmen, GermanC. Englishmans, GermansD. Englishmen, Germen48. ____ are made of ____.A. A glass, a glassB. Glasses, glassC. The glass, the glassD. Glasses, glasses49. I’ll have to buy ____ trousers. A. a B. two C. a pair of D. a couple of50. There are two ____ in our class. A. Liu B. Lius C. Liu’s D. Lius’51. ____ is needed in cold countries.A. A lot of clothesB. Much clothingC. Many a clothD. Lots of clothes52. They are ____. A. mathematics student B. mathematic studentsC. students in mathematicsD. mathematics students53. The laboratory assistant recorded the ____ reactions(反应).A. mouses’B. miceC. mices’D. mice’s54. This letter was sent by ____.A. my father friendB. my father friend’sC. a friend of my father’sD. a friend of my father55. Ten years had passed. I found she had ____.A. a little white hairB. some white hairC. a few white hairD. a few white hairs56. I have made ____ with Billy. A. friends B. friend C. a friend D. the friend57. The population of Beijing is ____ than that of Xi’an. A. more B. larger C. fewer D. small58. There are thirty-two ____ in our school.A. woman teacherB. women teacherC. women teachersD. woman teachers59. He had tried everything but it made little______ .A. useB. goodC. differenceD. result60. You must get there within half an hour. There should be no______ in sending the blood to the dying man.A. waitB. delayC. timeD. hurry61. Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any______ .A. excuseB. senseC. useD. value62. -How dare you play on such thin ice? -Playing on ice is not my ______of spare time.A. ideaB. thoughtC. mindD. intention63. Helen said she would like to go to Atlanta by air, but I wonder if she has enough money to pay for the______ .A. travelB. tourismC. journeyD. course64. One splendid mountain______ followed another during our journey from Mieheel more to Rurunz.A. viewB. glanceC. screenD. scene65.The new law will come into ___on the day it is passed. (1999上海)A. effectB. useC. serviceD. existence66. When you play' football, what ______do you play?A. situationB. placeC. partD. position67. It's important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the______in language studies.A. situationB. expressionC. conditionD. translation68. I wrote him a letter to show my ______of his thoughtfulness.A. achievementB. agreementC. viewD. appreciation69. One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high-rise is that you can get a good______ .A. sightB. sceneC. viewD. look70. Nowadays natural gas, wind and other forms of ______are widely used in the country.A. energyB. forceC. powerD. materials71. ______with foreign countries can bring us much information about the world.A. ContrastB. CompetitionC. ContactD. Combination72. We all know that______speak louder than words.A. movementsB. performancesC. operationsD. actions73.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into ___.(NMET1997 38)A. factB. realityC. practiceD. deed74.We've missed the last bus. I'm afraid we have no ____but to take a taxi.(Met 1993 ,33)A. wayB. choiceC. possibilityD. selection75.He dropped the ___and broke it . (Met 1993, 38)A. cup of coffeeB. coffee's cupC. cup for coffeeD. coffee cup76.Here's my card. Let's keep in ____. (NMET1994 ,33)A. touchB. relationC. connectionD. friendship77.He gained his ___by printing ___of famous writers.(NMET1995,40)A. wealth; workB. wealths ; worksC. wealths; workD. wealth; works78.I'll look into the matter as soon as possible , just have a little ___.(MET 1996 ,10)A. waitB. timeC. patienceD. rest79.If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a ____.(NMET1997,18)A. messageB. letterC. sentenceD. notice80.These football players had no strict ___until they joined our club. (1997.上海20)A. practiceB. educationC. exerciseD. training81.Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of ___.(1996.上海.15)A. energyB. sourceC. powerD. material82.You'll find this map of great __in helping you to get round London.(NMET 1998 21)A. priceB. costC. valueD. usefulness83.We all know that ___speak louder than words.(1999.上海24)A. movementsB. performancesC. operationsD. actions84.My parents always let me have my own ____of living. (1999.上海25)A. wayB. methodC. mannerD. fashion。