现在完成时延续性与暂短性动词用法

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现在完成时--短暂性动词变延续性动词

现在完成时--短暂性动词变延续性动词

延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。

一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。

表示时间段的短语有: ⑴for+一段时间, 如:for 2 years; ⑵since从句, 如since he came here; since+过去时间点名词, 如since last year, since 5 days ago。

例: He has lived here for 6 years.You can keep the book for 5 days.二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词, 表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。

如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。

非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用,如:two years ago; at 5 o'clock;例:He died 5 years ago.三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换:(考试重点,学生易错。

)例:He left five minutes ago. = He has been away for five minutes.这句话的意思是指他离开的动作是5分钟之前发生的,是过去时。

也就是说从他离开到现在已经有五分钟了,这个动作是延续的,要用现在完成时,并且要把原来的短暂性动词改为延续性动词。

一些短暂性动词及相应的延续性动词:arrive(get to /reach)→ be here (in) begin(start) → be ondie → be deadleave → be away (from)finish → be overopen → be openjoin → be in或be a member of…+组织机构close → be closedborrow →ke epbuy/get →havebecome → be。

现在完成时延续性与暂短性动词用法

现在完成时延续性与暂短性动词用法

现在完成时(短暂性动词与延续性动词)的用法基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done)①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他)(1)现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)(2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用. Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.注(超重要):瞬间动词(buy,die,join,lose……)不能直接与for since 连用。

要改变动词come-be go out-be out finish-be over open-be opendie-be dead1.have代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用keep或have代替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3、用be替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?4、用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用wear代替put onb)用“be+形容词”代终止性动词1、be+married代marry2、be+ill代fall (get) ill3、be+dead代die4、be+asleep代fall (get) asleep5、be+awake代wake/wake up6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave7、be+open代open 8、be closed代close/shut9、be+missing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be+副词”代终止性动词1“be+on”代start,begin2“be+up”代get up3“be+back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等d)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army 代替join the army3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表:1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.→have been in sw./at…相应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back3. have come/gone out →have b een out4. have become → have been5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open6. have got up → have been up;7. have died → have been dead;8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep;10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over;11. Have married → have been married;12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ;13. have begun → have been on14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had15. have lost → haven’t had16. have put on →have worn17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold;18. have got to know → have known19. have/has gone to → have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…注意:1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用,(如表示过去的时间状语)如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等,除非与for,since连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already(肯定), yet(否定,疑问), just, before, recently,still, lately等:He has already obtained(得到\获得) a scholarship(奖学金).I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice等:Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, these days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, so far 等:Peter has written six papers so far.There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.5.现在完成时的"完成用法"现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系。

短暂性动词与延续性动词的用法

短暂性动词与延续性动词的用法

短暂性动词与延续性动词在现在完成时中的用法英语中的动词有多种分类法。

根据其有无含义,动词可分为实义动词和助动词;根据动词所表示的是动作还是状态,可以分为行为动词和状态动词;根据动词所表示的动作能否延缓,分为延续性动词和终止性动词。

英语中,按动词延续的时间长短,可将动词分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。

延续性动词如learn, study, work, play, wait,have,,live,teach,keep,like 等。

短暂性动词是非延续性动词,即动作一开始便结束的动词,又可称结束性动词,瞬间动词,如leave, begin, start, return, arrive, reach, die, marry, bear, see, hear, receive, buy, get, enter, take off, start off, come in, come back, take place, break out, put on, put down, go in 等。

终止性动词构成的现在完成时,不可以用表示一段时间的状语(如:since 和for引导的短语)来修饰,终止性动词构成的现在完成时,只表示动作发生的因果关系,不能表示动作的延续,因此不能用表示一段时间的状语来修饰。

如可以说:The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area.但不可说:The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area for three days.因为start是终止性动词, 它所表示的动作短促, 当红十字会出发时,start这个动作便结束了, 不可能延续两天。

1. 用ago时间状语短语来代替since或for引导的时间状语:eg. Mr. Richard has returned from America for two years. (wrong) Mr. Richard has returned from America since two years ago. (wrong) 应改为: He returned from America two years ago.2.用It is… since…复合句代替简单句eg. It has been/is two years since Mr. Richard returned from America.注意:以上两种办法适用于所有终止性动词。

延续性动词和终止性动词的区别及用法

延续性动词和终止性动词的区别及用法

延续性动词和终止性动词的区别及用法一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。

延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作能够延续下去或产生持久影响。

如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。

如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。

二、延续性动词的用法特征1.延续性动词能够用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。

表示"段时间"的短语有:for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。

如:I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。

2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。

如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词,而at eight表示"点时间",前后显然矛盾。

如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,能够借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。

上句可改为:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如:-When did you get to know Jack?-Two years ago.-Then you've known each other for more than two years.-That's right.三、终止性动词的用法特征1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,所以可用于现在完成时。

现在完成时--短暂性动词变延续性动词

现在完成时--短暂性动词变延续性动词

延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。

一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。

表示时间段的短语有: ⑴for+一段时间, 如:for 2 years; ⑵since从句, 如since he came here; since+过去时间点名词, 如since last year, since 5 days ago。

例: He has lived here for 6 years.You can keep the book for 5 days.二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词, 表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。

如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。

非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用,如:two years ago; at 5 o'clock;例:He died 5 years ago.三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换:(考试重点,学生易错。

)例:He left five minutes ago. = He has been away for five minutes.这句话的意思是指他离开的动作是5分钟之前发生的,是过去时。

也就是说从他离开到现在已经有五分钟了,这个动作是延续的,要用现在完成时,并且要把原来的短暂性动词改为延续性动词。

一些短暂性动词及相应的延续性动词:arrive(get to /reach)→ be here (in) begin(start) → be ondie → be deadcome here(back)→be here(back)leave → be away (from)fall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep)get up→ be upgo/ get out(there)→ be out(there)finish → be overput on → wear 或be onopen → be open(keep sth open)join → be in或be a member of…+组织机构close → be closedgo to school → be a studentborrow →keepbuy/get →havecatch(a cold) → have(a cold)get to know → knowbegin to study → studycome to work → workmove to → live infinish/end → be overcome to → be insit down → be seatedmarry → be marrieddress → be dressedbecome → be。

常用短暂性动词与延续性动词及其例句

常用短暂性动词与延续性动词及其例句

一、现在完成时的谓语动词如果是短暂性动词,通常不能与表示一段时间的短语及短语(或从句)等连用。

应将短暂性动词改为相应的延续性动词。

如:1、This factory opened twenty years ago.This factory has been open for twenty years.2、Miss Gao left an hour ago.Miss Gao has been away for an hour.3、Her teacher has been a Party member for 3 years.Her teacher joined the Party 3 years ago.4、The film began two minutes ago.The film has been on since two minutes ago.5、He bought the bike two years ago.He has had the bike for two years.6、The old man died ten years ago.The old man has been dead for ten years.7、He came back 3 days ago.He has been back for 3 days.8、I left my hometown 10 years ago.I have been away from my hometown for 10 years.9、They got married 13 year ago.They have been married for 13 years.10、I borrowed the book a week ago.I have kept the book for a week.How long have you kept the book?注:在否定句中,短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。

短暂动词与延续性动词

短暂动词与延续性动词

短暂(duǎnzàn)动词与延续性动词短暂(duǎnzàn)动词与延续性动词1.现在(xiànzài)完成时的构成:have / has + 动词(dòngcí)的过去分词2.现在(xiànzài)完成时的用法:(1)表示某一动作或状态开始(kāishǐ)于过去并持续到现在现在。

(此种用法适用于延续性动词)I have been in Nanyang for around 5 years.我在南阳(nán yánɡ)大约有五年了。

(2)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果(此种用法适用非延续性动词)。

I can’t go to see the movie now, because I have lost the ticket.现在我看不成电影了,因为我把票弄丢了。

3.现在完成时的标志:just, already, yet, ever, never,recently 近来 = in recent weeks (months, years)在最近的几周(月,年)里,nowadays, for + 一段时间,before (用于句子末尾); so far = up to now = till now; since + 过去某一具体时间点,since + 过去的一段时间 + ago, since + 一般过去时从句,ever since then = ever since = since then = since (自从那时起);in / over /during + the + past(last) + 一段时间。

Eg.On January 11,1998, Dr. Kataria organized the first “World Laughter Day” celebration in Mumbai, India. It was a huge success.The date was later changed to the first Sunday in May and it has been celebrated every year since.4.现在完成时中的特殊用法:短暂动词(dòngcí)的各种时态(包括现在完成时在内)不能和时间段连用(liányòng),当它需要与时间段连用时需转换为延续性动词。

英语知识 _ 初中英语,延续性动词和瞬间性动词的用法

英语知识 _ 初中英语,延续性动词和瞬间性动词的用法

一、延续性动词延续性动词,表示的动作不但可以延续,而且可以产生持久的影响。

常见的这类动词有:b e,h a v e,ke e p,k n o w,l e a r n,l i e,l i v e,re a d,s i n g,s l e e p,s t a n d,s t a y,w a i t,w a l k,w a tc h等。

延续性动词的用法很广,但常见于现在完成时中的句子中,且常与f o r,h o w,l o n g,s i n c e 等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语从句连用。

例如:I h a v e l e a r n e d m o re t h a n1000C h i n e s e w o rd s s i n c e I c a m e t o C h i n a.自从来到中国,我已经学会了l千多个汉字。

I h a v e ke p t t h e p i c t u re f o r a b o u t t h re e y e a r s.。

这张画我保存了大约三年二、瞬间性动词瞬间性动词,又称为终止性动词或非延续性动词,它表示的动作不能延续,也就是说动作一旦发生就立即结束,并产生某种结果。

常见的这类动词有:a c c e p t,a r r i v e,b ec o m e,b e g i n,b o r ro w,b re a k,b u y,c a tc h,c l o s e,c o m e,d i e,e n d,f a l l,f i n i s h,g e t,g i v e,g o,j o i n,l e a v e,p u t,re a c h,re c e i v e,sh u t,s t a r t,s t o p等。

用在现在完成时要注意下面三点:①瞬间性动词可直接用来表示某一动作的完成。

例如:T h e y h a v e re a c h e d S h a n g h a i.他们已经到达了上海。

现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词总结

现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词总结

现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词总结现在完成时是英语语法中常见的一种时态,它表示动作或者状态在过去某个时间开始,持续到现在,或者已经完成的时间段内发生。

在现在完成时中,瞬间动词有时会变成延续性动词,这在英语语法中是一个比较有趣的现象。

下面来分析一下为什么会这样。

1. 什么是瞬间动词和延续性动词瞬间动词通常指的是那些比较短暂的、没有持续时间的动作,通常在句子中使用简单过去时态。

比如,"I saw a movie",这个动作只发生了一次,没有继续的过程。

而延续性动词常常表达的是可以持续一段时间的动作或状态,比如"teach",“run”,“live”等。

在句子中通常使用进行时态。

2. 瞬间动词变成延续性动词的情况在现在完成时中,瞬间动词有时会变成延续性动词。

这种情况通常出现在以下几种情况中:第一种情况,瞬间动词变成了有一个延续的结果的动词,比如"break","finish"和"lose"。

这些动词的结果可以一直持续到现在,因此它们在现在完成时中会变成延续性动词。

比如,"I have broken my arm",意思是我的手臂已经断了,这个状态可以持续到现在。

第二种情况,瞬间动词描述的动作发生了多次,这时候它会被视为是一个持续性的动作。

比如,"I have seen that movie three times",意思是我已经看过那部电影三次了,这个动作发生了多次,因此会被视为是延续性的动作。

第三种情况,瞬间动词变成了一个过程中的动作,这个动作可以持续一段时间。

比如,"I have been to Paris",这个动作是一个瞬间的动作,但是在这个语境中,它变成了一个动作过程中的一部分,这个过程可以持续一段时间。

3. 瞬间动词变成延续性动词的影响在英语语法中,瞬间动词变成延续性动词有时候会导致一些语法错误和表达上的混淆。

现在完成时的延续性动词与非延续性动词

现在完成时的延续性动词与非延续性动词

现在完成时的延续性动词与非延续性动词动词可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词(也称短暂性或瞬间动词),取决于动作发生的方式和过程的长短。

延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用,如“for”加一段时间,比如“for2 years”,或者“since”加从句或过去时间点,比如“since he came here”或“since last year”、“since 5 days ago”。

非延续性动词表示不能延续的动作,一旦发生就立即结束。

在现在完成时的肯定句中,短暂性动词不能与表示时间段的“for”短语、since短语或从句连用,也不能与表示时间段的how long引起的疑问句连用。

例如,不能说“I have bought the book for 2 weeks”,而应该说“I have bought the book”,或者“I have had the book for two weeks”。

同样地,不能说“I have bought the book since twowee ks ago”或“I have bought the book two weeks ago”。

对于非延续性动词,可以使用其他方式表达。

比如,“The old man died 4 years ago”可以改为“The old man has been deadfor 4 years”、“It is/has been 4 years since the old man died”或“Four years has passed since the old man died”。

有时候,可以将短暂性动词转换为延续性动词。

例如,“go(to)/come(to)/XXX”可以改为“XXX”,“return/go back/come back”可以改为“be back”。

举个例子,可以说“XXX minutes ago”或“He has been in Beijing for ten minutes”;“My sister XXX”可以改为“My sister has been an engineer since 2005”。

短暂性动词与延续性动词语法讲解

短暂性动词与延续性动词语法讲解

初中短暂性动词与延续性动词语法讲解根据有无含义,动词可分为实义动词和助动词;根据动词所表示的是动作还是状态,可以分为行为动词和状态动词;根据动词所表示的动作能否延缓,分为延续性动词和终止性动词。

(一)持续性动词: 表示动作通常是持续性的,如:live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach, eat,drink,write,dance, sing,smoke①常与段时间连用。

例如:Mr Zhang has lived here for two years.张先生在这儿住了两年了。

He has taught there since 1987.自1987年来他一直在那儿教书。

②不与点时间连用(do, have, eat等除外)。

例如:Mary has worked at eight. (×)She walked at five yesterday. (×)(二)瞬间性动词: 表示动作开始即停止,如:open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,startenter,finish,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,go,lea ve,lend,mary,reach,receive , sell,等。

1,从“开始发生”到“结束/终止”:几乎同时或在极短的时间里(如‘几秒钟/几分钟内’)就完成了“开始—结束”的过程,如“Close the door”, “Open the door”2,有些瞬间动词的“开始—结束的过程”可能稍微长一些,但也不会很长的,如,“buy sth(买下)”:付了款、拿了发票即完成了。

所以,“我买了这块手表5年了”,在汉语中说的通,但英语的表达就不能说:I have bought the watch for five years.buy sth ---- have sth (拥有)---have/has + had sth for…A: I have had the watch for 5 years.B: It is (has been) five years since I bought the watch. C: I bought it 5 years ago.同理,“borrow sth”“借书”在办理了相关的‘登记’手续后就结束了,不可能“借”几个星期或好几年的!汉语“这本书我已经借用了2星期了。

短暂性动词与延续性动词语法讲解

短暂性动词与延续性动词语法讲解

初中短暂性动词与延续性动词语法讲解根据有无含义,动词可分为实义动词和助动词;根据动词所表示的是动作还是状态,可以分为行为动词和状态动词;根据动词所表示的动作能否延缓,分为延续性动词和终止性动词。

(一)持续性动词: 表示动作通常是持续性的,如:live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach,eat,drink,write ,dance, sing,smoke①常与段时间连用。

例如:Mr Zhang has lived here for two years.张先生在这儿住了两年了。

He has taught there since 1987.自1987年来他一直在那儿教书。

②不与点时间连用(do, have, eat等除外)。

例如:Mary has worked at eight. (×)She walked at five yesterday. (×)(二)瞬间性动词: 表示动作开始即停止,如:open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,startenter,finish,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,go,leave,lend,mary,r each,receive , sell,等。

1,从“开始发生”到“结束/终止”:几乎同时或在极短的时间里(如‘几秒钟/几分钟内’)就完成了“开始—结束”的过程,如“Close the door”, “Open the door”2,有些瞬间动词的“开始—结束的过程”可能稍微长一些,但也不会很长的,如,“buy sth(买下)”:付了款、拿了发票即完成了。

所以,“我买了这块手表5年了”,在汉语中说的通,但英语的表达就不能说:I have bought the watch for five years.buy sth ---- have sth (拥有)---have/has + had sth for…A: I have had the watch for 5 years.B: It is (has been) five years since I bought the watch.C: I bought it 5 years ago.同理,“borrow sth”“借书”在办理了相关的‘登记’手续后就结束了,不可能“借”几个星期或好几年的!汉语“这本书我已经借用了2星期了。

(完整版)现在完成时之短暂性动词与延续性动词用法

(完整版)现在完成时之短暂性动词与延续性动词用法
例如:How longyour brother joined the army?
A.hasB.hadC.is it si neeD.was there that
通过审题,答案B和D很容易被排除,但是稍不注意便会选中答案
A;殊不知
how long
为一段时间的状语,不能与非延续性动ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้短语
has joined连用,所以这题的正确答案是
How long can I keep this book?这本书我可以借多长时间?除了用上面的转化形式之外,
还可以用其他的表达形式:
A.It is/ has been+时间+sinee(动词用过去式),
B.主语+谓语(过去时)+时间+ago.
例如:It's five days since I received his letter.His father died three years ago.
延续性动词 是指动作发生后还可以延续一段时间或者相当长的一段时间.如:
live,work,study,learn,sleep等,延续性动词可以和表示一段的时间状语连用.值得注意的是,表
示一段时间的状语除了"for+一段时间”外,还有since+n./从句(时间点),since+时间段+ago,
疑问词how Iong,in the past+时间段,all these+时间段,from…to(时间点)以及till/until+n./句子等等.
It is/ has bee n three days since he left Shan ghai.
Three days has passed since he left Shan ghai.

(完整版)现在完成时之短暂性动词与延续性动词用法

(完整版)现在完成时之短暂性动词与延续性动词用法

短暂性动词,延续性动词zai现在完成时中的应用短暂性动词,延续性动词和现在完成时短暂性动词是指动作一旦发生就立即结束.它不能和一段时间连用.这类动词有:go,come,arrive,leave,begin,start,join,marry等;短暂性动词的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的for或since或how long等状语连用.例如:His father got ill.I have received his letter.但是,不可以说:His father got ill for a week.I have received his letter for three days.在否定句中,短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用.例如:We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.I suppose something must have happened to her.延续性动词是指动作发生后还可以延续一段时间或者相当长的一段时间.如:live,work,study,learn,sleep等,延续性动词可以和表示一段的时间状语连用.值得注意的是,表示一段时间的状语除了“for+一段时间”外,还有since+n./从句(时间点),since+时间段+ago,疑问词how long,in the past+时间段,all these+时间段,from…to(时间点)以及till/until+n./句子等等.例如:How long _______ your brother joined the army?A.hasB.hadC.is it sinceD.was there that通过审题,答案B和D很容易被排除,但是稍不注意便会选中答案A;殊不知how long 为一段时间的状语,不能与非延续性动词短语has joined连用,所以这题的正确答案是C.另外,动词的延续性与非延续性还体现在这两种句型中:延续性动词的肯定式+till/ until 短暂性动词的否定式+till/ until请看例句:We waited until he came.I didn’t go to bed until my father came back home last night.如果短暂性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词.现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换:arrive→be here begin(start)→be on die →be dead come back→be back leave →be away (from) fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep) get up→be up go out →be out finish →be over put on →wear 或be on open →be open join →be in或be a member of…close →be closed go to school→be a student borrow →keep buy/get →have catch(a cold)→have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study→study come to work→work move to →live in finish/end →be over come to →be in sit down →be seated marry →be married dress →be dressed等如:He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了.His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了.The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了.We have studied English for three years.我们(开始)学英语已三年了.How long can I keep this book?这本书我可以借多长时间?除了用上面的转化形式之外,还可以用其他的表达形式:A.It is/ has been+时间+since……(动词用过去式),B.主语+谓语(过去时)+时间+ago.例如:It’s five days since I received his letter.His father died three years ago.看一个句子可以用以下几种说法:他离开上海已经3天了.He left Shanghai three days ago.He has been away from Shanghai for three days.He has been away from Shanghai since three days ago. It is/ has been three days since he left Shanghai. Three days has passed since he left Shanghai.。

短暂性动词与延续性动词的用法

短暂性动词与延续性动词的用法

短暂性动词与延续性动词在现在完成时中的用法英语中的动词有多种分类法。

根据其有无含义,动词可分为实义动词和助动词;根据动词所表示的是动作还是状态,可以分为行为动词和状态动词;根据动词所表示的动作能否延缓,分为延续性动词和终止性动词。

英语中,按动词延续的时间长短,可将动词分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。

延续性动词如learn, study, work, play, wait,have,,live,teach,keep,like 等。

短暂性动词是非延续性动词,即动作一开始便结束的动词,又可称结束性动词,瞬间动词,如leave, begin, start, return, arrive, reach, die, marry, bear, see, hear, receive, buy, get, enter, take off, start off, come in, come back, take place, break out, put on, put down, go in 等。

终止性动词构成的现在完成时,不可以用表示一段时间的状语(如:since 和for引导的短语)来修饰,终止性动词构成的现在完成时,只表示动作发生的因果关系,不能表示动作的延续,因此不能用表示一段时间的状语来修饰。

如可以说:The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area.但不可说:The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area for three days.因为start是终止性动词, 它所表示的动作短促, 当红十字会出发时,start这个动作便结束了, 不可能延续两天。

1. 用ago时间状语短语来代替since或for引导的时间状语:eg. Mr. Richard has returned from America for two years. (wrong) Mr. Richard has returned from America since two years ago. (wrong) 应改为: He returned from America two years ago.2.用It is… since…复合句代替简单句eg. It has been/is two years since Mr. Richard returned from America.注意:以上两种办法适用于所有终止性动词。

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现在完成时(短暂性动词与延续性动词)的用法基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done)①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他)(1)现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.I have spent all of my money。

(含义是:现在我没有钱花了。

)Jane has laid the table。

(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)(2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用.Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.注(超重要):瞬间动词(buy,die,join,lose……)不能直接与for since 连用.要改变动词come-be go out—be out finish-be over open-be opendie—be dead1。

have代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用keep或have代替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3、用be替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?4、用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用wear代替put onb)用“be+形容词”代终止性动词1、be+married代marry2、be+ill代fall (get) ill3、be+dead代die4、be+asleep代fall (get) asleep5、be+awake代wake/wake up6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave7、be+open代open 8、be closed代close/shut9、be+missing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be+副词”代终止性动词1“be+on”代start,begin2“be+up"代get up3“be+back(to)"代return to,come back to,go back to4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等d)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词1.“be in/at +地点"代替go to /come to2。

用be in the army 代替join the army3。

“be in/at +地点"代替move to常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表:1。

have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw。

→have been in sw./at…相应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back3. have come/gone out →have been out4。

have become → have been5. have closed / opened→ have been close/ope n6。

have got up → have been up;7。

have died → have been dead;8. have left sw。

→ have been away from sw。

9。

have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep;10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over;11。

Have married → have been m arried;12。

have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ;13. have begun → have been on14。

have borrowed/bought →have kept/had15. have lost → haven’t had16。

have put on →have worn17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold;18. have got to know → have known19。

have/has gone to → have been in20。

have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’smember/the league member/the soldier…注意: 1。

现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用,(如表示过去的时间状语)如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等,除非与for,since连用。

2。

现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already(肯定), yet(否定,疑问), just, before, recently,still, lately等:He has already obtained(得到\获得) a scholarship(奖学金)。

I haven’t seen much of him recently (lately)。

We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice等:Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her。

I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, these days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, so far等:Peter has written six papers so far.There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.5。

现在完成时的”完成用法"现在完成时的"完成用法”指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系。

例如:He has turned off the light。

他已把灯关了。

(动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的情况——灯现在不亮了。

)现在完成时"完成用法”的特点是动作不延续,因此,该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如:already,yet,before,recently等)、频度时间状语(如:never,ever,once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如:this morning/ month /year。

.,today等)连用.例如: Have you found your pen yet?你已找到你的钢笔了吗?6。

现在完成时的"未完成用法”现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。

例如:He has lived here since 1978。

自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。

(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。

)I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。

(动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去.)此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导),或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如:so far)等。

例如:I have heard nothing from him so far。

到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。

注意:(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词,不可用于终止性动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。

如:come,go,arrive,leave,join,become,die等。

8。

一段时间+has passed+since从句9。

现在完成时常和短语”up to now /till now”, ”so far" (意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在。

)Up to/till now he’s read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。

I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。

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