考研英语虚拟语气讲义与练习

考研语法精讲

第四讲虚拟语气

1.什么是虚拟语气

【2010】Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influential, those selected people will do most of the work for them.

【2007】If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months.

英语语气：（1）陈述（2）祈使（3）虚拟

虚拟语气：

表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等

【2003】If railroad charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.

【2007】If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament，you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months.

【2008】In the early 1960s, Wilt Chamberlain was one of the only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42.

2.虚拟语气在条件从句中的应用

①If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.

如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。

（事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。）

②If he came here, he might be able to help you.

如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。

（事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。）

③She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.

要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。

（事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。）

④If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept this morning.

今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。

（事实是：她今天早上叫我了，我没有睡过头。表示感激。）

虚拟过去式有时并不表示“不大可能实现的假设”，

而是表示一种希望或不希望发生的动作。

如：

If we caught the early train, we’d get there by lunch time.

假如我们赶上早班火车，到午饭时间我们就会到达那里了。(表希望)

If we missed the train, we should have to wait an hour at the station.

假如我们赶不上这班火车，我们就得在车站等一小时。（表不希望）

3. 建议性虚拟语气

1)表示“建议、命令”等的动词后接虚拟语气；

2)表示“建议、命令”等的形容词/副词后接虚拟语气；

3)表示“建议、命令”等的名词后接虚拟语气；

建议性虚拟语气的构成：(should) + 动词原形

1)表示“建议、命令”等的动词后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气；

【例1】Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children——disabled or not—— to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education.

【例2】Smith recommend that, whenever possible, you schedule a dental appointment or other discomforting event in the morning so you don’t spend the whole day worrying about it.

【翻译】1. 公众要求降低物价。

2. 主席建议应该推迟会议。

2)表示“建议、命令”等的形容词/副词后接虚拟语气；

一般用于It +is/was+ “建议、命令”动词的过去分词/形容词+ 主句