2011年山东专升本英语_核心词汇
2011专升本英语词汇辅导
动词短语
动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯 搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上 选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上的辨异及 不同短语的辨异。需掌握以下要点： 1、根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规 律。 (I)动词+副词(不及物) Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left. (2)动词+副词(及物) Please turn every light in the house off.
2. bring bring about 引起；造成 bring down 使倒下；使下降；使受挫折 bring forward 提出；提前（=put forward） bring into operation实施；使生效 bring out 显示出来；出版；生产 bring up 提出；教育；培养；吐出 bring back 把---送回；使想起；恢复 bring in 引进；挣得
情态动词 Modal Verbs
本身有一动的意义，但不能独立作 谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓 语动词，表示说话人的语气和情态。 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。 如:can must may
You can keep them for two weeks. May I smoke here? We must go new. 返回
5. cut cut across cut back cut down cut in cut off cut out cut short
绕劲道穿过；超越；遮住 削减；终止；急忙返回 削减；减少 插嘴；打断；突然出来 切断；中断；隔绝 删掉；戒掉 中断；打断；缩短
1.Let‘s cut _____ the unimportant details． out 2.The rope is two feet longer than we needed， off so we cut _____ the extra length． off 3.The telephone operator cut us _____ before we had finished our conversation． In 4.The telephone operator cut _____ and said that I had already spoken 3minutes．
山东专升本英语核心词汇
专升本—英语核心词汇（大全1）1. able/ability/enable/unable/disable/disabled/disabilityable的同根词用法一致,后接不定式。
比较：be able to do sth. / be capable of (doing) sth.2. 动词词缀：en-+ adj./n.或adj./n.+/-enenable/enlarge/enrich/encourage/brighten/widen/worsen/sharpen/strengthen/heighten/lengthen 3. abandon vt. 放弃，抛弃，放纵abandon oneself to 纵情于，沉溺于(=be addicted to)4. aboard adv. 在船（车）上，上船abroad adv. 在国外，到国外board n. 木板on board 在船上broad adj. 宽的，宽阔的5. absent adj. 不在的, 缺席的（反：present）6. absolute adj. 完全的, 绝对的7. absorb vt. 吸收, 吸引be absorbed in 全神贯注于8. abundant adj. 丰富的，大量的（=plentiful）9. access n. 通路, 接近，入门have access to 接近，有权使用e.g. Citizens may have free access to the public library.10. accident n. 意外事件, 事故by accident 偶然（=by chance）（on purpose 故意）11. accompany vt. 陪伴，陪同12. accomplish vt. 完成, 达到, 实现~ the taskaccomplishment n. 成就13. account n. 计算, 帐目, 说明，解释on account of 由于take... into account 考虑到(= take… into consideration)account for 解释，说明14. accuse vt. 指责，控告accuse sb. of sh. 因某事控告某人(同：charge sb. with sth. 因某事控告某人）e.g. He was accused of robbing the bank and sentenced ten years in jail.His mother charged him with being lazy.15. achieve vt. 完成, 达到achievement n. 成就, 功绩16. action n. 动作, 行动, 举动take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事（同：take measures to do sth.）17. actor n. 男演员→ actress n. 女演员类似：waitress（女侍者，女服务生）, hostess（女主人）, princess（公主，王妃）18. adapt vt. 使适应, 改编adapt oneself to sth. 适应(= adjust oneself to sth.)e.g. He adapted/adjusted himself very quickly to the weather in the country.比较：adopt vt. 采用, 收养19. advance n. 前进, 提升v. 前进, 提前in advance 预先，提前20. advantage n. 优势, 有利条件（反：disadvantage n. 不利条件, 缺点）have an advantage over 胜过，占优势take advantage of 利用21. advertise v. 为…做广告advertisement/ad n. 广告22. advise vt. 劝告, 忠告advise sb. to do sth. 劝说（强调动作）persuade sb. to do sth. 说服（强调结果）注意：advise的宾语从句或It is advised that结构的主语从句，需使用should型虚拟语气。
专升本考试英语核心词汇积累.doc
专升本考试英语核心词汇积累because [bi'k z] conj.因为;because of 因为，由于; 基于;become [bi'k m]v. (became, become)变成,成为,开始变得before [bi'f :] prep. (指时间)在...以前;(指位置)在...前面;(指顺序、重要性等)在...之前,先于conj.在...以前ad.较早;以前,以往;behind prep.在...的背后,(遗留)在...后面,落后于ad.在背后,向后,落在后面;below prep. 在……下面;beneath prep. 在……下方(面)beside prep. 在……旁边;靠近besides prep. 除……以外(还有)ad. 还有,此外between prep. 在(两者)之间;在…中间v.是,就是;表示,意味着;等于,值;成为,变成aux.v. [与动词的现在分词连用,构成各种进beyond prep. (表示位置) 在……的那边; 迟于;超出ad.在更远处begin [bi'gin] v.开始;beginner n. 新手;beginning n. 开始,开端;at the beginning 起初;behalf [bi'hɑ:f] n.利益behave v.举止端正, 表现,守规矩,行为; (机器等)运转Behave yourself! 规矩点！behaviour (=behavior) n.行为,举止;(机器等)运转情况belief [bi'li:f] n.相信;信念;信仰;信条;believe v.相信,笃信;认为,猜想; believe in 信赖; 信仰;bell [bel] n.钟,铃belt n.腰带,皮带;safety belt 安全带belong [bi'l ] v. (在分类上)属,应归入; (to)(在所有权,关系等方面)属于bench [bent ] n.长凳,长椅bend v.使弯曲n.弯曲,弯曲处benefit n.益处,好处v.有益于,得益best a.的ad.,最;better a.较好的,更好的ad.更好地; do one’s best 尽某人的努力all the best 一路平安，一帆风顺bestseller n. 畅销书Bible ['baibl] n.《圣经》bicycle ['baisikl] n.自行车;big a. 大的重要的,重大的;bike = bicycle n. 自行车bill [bil]n.账单;单子,清单;纸币,钞票; billion num. [美、法]十亿bind [baind] v.捆,绑,捆扎biology [bai' l d i] n.生物学bird [b :d] n.鸟,禽birth n.出生,分娩;出身;起源,根源; birthday n.生日;birthplace n. 出生地;故乡bit n.一点,一些,一片; a bit (of) black [bl k]a.黑色的;黑暗的n.黑色;黑人; blackboard n. 黑板black smith 铁匠。
山东省专升本英语高频词汇及词组2
山东专升本高频词汇及词组（D、E、F、G、H、I 、J、K、L、M、N、151. daily adj. 每日的, 日常的 n. 日报152. danger n. 危险, 危险物 in ~ 处于危险中 dangerous adj.153. data n. 资料, 数据 datum（单数）类似：media n. 媒体 medium（单数）154. deadline n. 最终期限155. deaf adj. 聋的 turn a ~ ear to sb./sth. 对…充耳不闻156. deceive v. 欺骗, 行骗 ~ sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事（=cheat sb. into doing sth.）157. decide v. 决定 ~to do sth. 决定做某事decision n. 决定, 决心 make a ~ to do sth. 决定做某事decisive adj. 决定性的 (=crucial) play a ~ role in sth. 在…中起到重要作用158. decrease v. 减少 increase vt. 增加, 加大159. degree: to some/a certain degree（extent）在某种程度上160. deliberately adv. 故意地（= on purpose）161. delicious adj. 美味的，可口的品牌“得利斯”为音译162. delight n. 快乐, 高兴 take a ~ in 以…为乐 be ~ed to do 高兴去做163. deliver vt. 递送, 投递，发表(演说)~ sth. to sb. 将某物交给某人 ~ a message 传话，带信 ~ a speech 发表演说164. demand n. 要求, 需求in ~ 非常需要，受欢迎的 meet the demand of sb. 满足某人的需要165. depend vi. 依靠, 依赖（count on/depend on/rely on 依靠, 指望） dependent adj. 依靠的, 依赖的be ~ on sth. dependence n. 依靠, 依赖 independent adj. 独立自主的 independence n. 独立, 自主166. derive vt. 得自,获得 ~ sth. from... e.g. ~ a conclusion from facts vi. 起源 ~ from... e.g. Many English words ~ from Latin. 比较：deprive vt. 剥夺, 使丧失 ~ sb. of sth.167. describe vt. 描写, 记述, 形容 description n. 描写, 记述 beyond ~ 难以形容168. deserve vt. 应受, 值得后接动名词的主动形式，表达被动意义。
山东省专升本英语真题2011年
山东省专升本英语真题2011年山东省专升本英语真题2011年试卷一第一部分：听力理解Part Ⅰ Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet with a single line through the center.Short ConversationQuestions 1 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1、A. Because it doesn't work. B. Because it has harmful effects.C. Because it's really effective.D. Because it only works sometimes.2、 A. impolite B. selfish C. unfriendly D. helpful3、 A. a bad cold B. the woman's son C. the weather D. fatigue4、 A. policeman and thief B. policeman and driverC. teacher and studentD. director and actress5、 A. in a restaurant B. in a bankC. in a storeD. in a post office6、 A. The man can correct his mistake later.B. The man didn't answer the four questions correctly.C. The man was late for the test.D. The man can't change his answer now.7、 A. The students will attend a meeting this afternoon.B. The students will have an oral test this afternoon.C. There won't be a test this afternoon.D. The meeting was postponed.8、 A. Two boys and three girls. B. Two boys and a girl.C. Four boys and a girl.D. Two boys and two girls.Long Conversation 1Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9、 A. They met ten years ago.B. They went to the same school.C. They were neighbors.D. They were in the same volleyball team.10、 A. In Paris. B. In London.C. In New York.D. In an Italian town.11、 A. English. B. French. C. Spanish. D. Italian.Long Conversation 2Questions 12 to 14 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12、 A. Thursday the thirteenth.B. Friday the thirteenth.C. Friday the fourteenth.D. Saturday the fourteenth.13、 A. There was a heavy traffic.B. There was something wrong with her car.C. She forgot the appointment.D. She was stopped by a policeman.14、 A. She forgot that she had invited her boss and his wife over.B. Her boss and his wife came to her house unexpectedly.C. She forgot to cook dinner for her children.D. The children covered the dog with feathers.Section BPassage oneQuestions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15、 A. They are not well educated.B. They failed to work hard at school.C. Their society is too complicated.D. Their education is not adequate for their new life.16、 A. To find a worker and follow him closely.B. To find a person you admire and make friends with him.C. To find a person you respect and watch carefully how he acts.D. To make friends with a model you admire.17、 A. Learn from a Model.B. Learn, learn and learn again.C. Learn forever.D. One is never too late to learn.Passage TwoQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18、 A. Many of his friends were there.B. All the students there were boys.C. He did well in math and science.D. He wanted to play with computers.19、A. They can know how to type.B. They can have a chance to study computers.C. They can change their lives there.D. They can connect the telephone to the computer.20、 A. He developed BASIC in 1968.B. He only studied computers at school.C. He became a computer expert in Lakeside.D. He began to write short programs at about age 14.第二部分：词汇和语法结构Part Ⅱ vocabulary and structure21、 The coat has a ______ inside to show the time and where it was made.A. labelB. markC. signD. tag22、 I'm very sorry to have ______ you with so many questions on such an occasion.A. interferedB. botheredC. impressedD. offended23、 When she retired, she did a lot of ______ work for the Red Cross.A. socialB. portableC. prominentD. voluntary24、 The French pianist who had been praised very highly ______ to be a great disappointment.A. turned inB. turned outC. turned upD. turned down25、Martin Luther King was ______ the Nobel Prize for advocating the nonviolence policies in the movement for citizen rights.A. gainedB. gotC. awardedD. owned26、 This is the first draft of the book. Please feel perfectly free to ______ on it.A. conformB. complainC. confirmD. comment27、 A positive answer makes you feel good, but an ______ one teaches you a lot.A. affirmativeB. negativeC. objectiveD. subjective28、 The noise ______ until she couldn't stand it any longer .A. set upB. rang upC. built upD. called up29、 The dog waiting behind the gate looked ______ that I did not dare to go in.A. mildB. fierceC. wildD. harmful30、 Jane is scolded by her boss because she left the office with the computer ______ yesterday.A. onB. outC. unlockedD. unclosed31、 Don't joke with Linda, she takes everything far too ______.A. carefullyB. gravelyC. criticallyD. seriously32、 Mr Morgan can be very sad ______ though in public he is extremely cheerful.A. by himselfB. in personC. in privateD. as himself33、 She keeps a supply of candles in the house in case of power ______.A. failureB. lackC. absenceD. drop34、 Some people are ______ to policies and what is going onin other places.A. keenB. curiousC. enthusiasticD. indifferent35、We are quite sure that we can ______ our present difficulties and finish the task on schedule.A. get acrossB. get overC. get awayD. get off36、 The reason ______ he rejected our plan is that he had no faith in us.A. whichB. thatC. whyD. because37、If you stick to ______ the piano everyday, you will become quite a good musician.A. practiceB. practicingC. have practicedD. be practicing38、 No one ______ the building without the permission of the police.A. is leavingB. will be leavingC. has leftD. is to leave39、 ______ you realize your trouble with English learning, youcan take some effective steps.A. Now thatB. From now onC. Ever sinceD. By now40、 It was not until he arrived in class ______ realized he bad forgotten his book.A. when heB. that heC. and heD. he41、 Professor Lee's book will show you ______ can be used in other context.A. that you have observedB. how that you have observedC. that how you have observedD. how what you have observed42、 But for the favorable weather, we ______ in such a good harvest.A. can't getB. couldn't getC. couldn't have gotD. could have got43、So little ______ with each other that the neighbors couldn't settle their difference.A. agree did theyB. did they agreeC. they agreeD. they did agree44、 The alarm o'clock didn't ring this morning, so you ______it last night.A. need to have forgotten to windB. may have forgotten windingC. ought to have forgotten to windD. must have forgotten to wind45、 A series of measures ______, people in that area managed to survive the severe famine.A. having takenB. were takenC. having been takenD. have been taken46、 It wasn't such a good dinner ______ she had promised us.A. thatB. whichC. asD. what47、Evidence came up ______ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. whose48、 ______ that the pilot couldn't fly through it .A. The storm so severe wasB. So the storm was severeC. So severe was the stormD. Such was the storm severe49、 His knowledge of language and international business ______ him in his work.A. helpB. helpsC. was helpfulD. have helped50、 I don't think lunch is a good time to get together, ______.A. dinner is neitherB. so is not dinnerC. not dinner, tooD. nor is dinner第三部分：阅读理解Part Ⅲ Reading comprehensionSection ADirections: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage oneMany teachers believe that the responsibility for learning lies with the students. If a long reading assignment is given, teachers expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or give an examination. The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning, not the one interested only in getting high grades. When research is assigned, the professor in the United States expects the students to take the initiative and complete the assignment with less guidance. Professors will help students who need it, but prefer that their students not be over-dependent on them.In the united States, professors have other duties besides teaching. Often they are responsible foradministrative work within their departments. In addition, they may be obliged to publish articles and books. Therefore the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limited. If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either approach a professor during office hours or make appointment. Participation in the classroom is not only accepted but also expected of the students in many courses. Some professors base part of the final grade on the student's oral participation. Although there are formal lectures during which the student has a passive role (i.e. listening and taking notes), many courses are organized around classroom discussions, student questions and informal lectures.In the teaching of science and mathematics, the dominant mode of instruction is generally traditional with teachers presenting formal lectures and students taking note. However, new educational trends have psychology classes, for example, are often required to solve problems in groups, design projects, make presentations and examine case studies. Since some college or university courses are "applied" rather than "theoretical" they stress "doing" and involvement.51、 When research is assigned the professor ______.A. will give the student some necessary guidanceB. will not give student any guidanceC. prefer that student not be dependent on him at allD. expect the student to complete it under his guidance52、 Which of the following is NOT the duty of an American professor? ______A. Solving the students' problem during office hoursB. Being responsible for some administrative work.C. Publishing articles and books.D. Spending a lot of time with the students outside of the class.53、In the teaching of science and mathematics, the dominant mode of instruction is ______.A. classroom discussionB. student presentationC. formal lecturesD. informal lectures54、 New educational trend have emerge in the humanities and social science that stress ______A. the role of readingB. good academic recordC. the professor's illustrationD. the student's participation Passage TwoThe last few years have seen new wealth in the group of white-collar workers in China. Primarily this group consists of lawyers, artists, company presidents and employees of joint-venture companies. This group did not exist ten years ago. Business ventures such as real estate development, computer companies and travel agencies have nurtured this new class of ambitious Chinese who have tasted "the good life" and want even more of it.What are the marks of this group of people? First of all, it is defined by what its members have: cell phones, washing machines, microwave ovens, computers, homes and vacations. But this group is not only marked by material things. A psychological independence and carefree optimism is also present. Middel-aged successful company presidents, young professionals even college students are optimistic, expecting the best in their future.Chinese entrepreneurs(企业家)began accumulating money in the late 1980's. But it was not until the middle 90's that the material possession of the newly-rich——cell phones, computers, cars, houses were easily available. These high-tech entrepreneurs quit state enterprise to start private companies nearly a decade ago, when China started to transform from a planned to a market economy. These early entrepreneurs are now wealthy by any country's standards. However, like any newly-rich Chinese, they seem a little uncomfortable when asked about wealth.One reason for their discomfort is that they realize that the prosperity wealth that has created the group of newly-rich has not benefited all Chinese equally. Some entrepreneurs have move up in social status, but many workers have been laid off, losing their jobs temporarily for economic reason, from state-run factories.For most Chinese, the move into this style of Rife is still a step-by-step progress. It may be slow but many business people are hopeful. As a real estate entrepreneur from Beijing said: "This is not just about money. It's abouta better quality of life."55、The word "nurture" (Line 4, Prara1) probably means ______.A. naturalizeB. nourishC. care for and educateD. help the development of56、 According to the passage, which of the following are NOT marked of the newly-rich Chinese? ______A. Great ambition and the whish for a new lifestyle.B. Houses and vacations.C. Mobile phones and computers.D. Mental independence and optimism.57、Why do many newly-rich Chinese feel embarrassed when saked about wealth? ______A. Because they have higher social status.B. Because they have quit state-run factories.C. Because they have fired many employees.D. Because they know many others are not so wealthy.58、According to the real estate entrepreneur, many business people are looking forward to this Style of Life for the sake of ______.A. more wealthB. higher social statusC. better quality of lifeD. greater famePassage ThreeIn recent years a new and serious problem has arisen for international airlines and their passengers.This is the relatively new crime of hijacking. Once an unheard-of event, it has now become a common occurrence.There is not very much anyone can do once a hijacker is on board an aeroplane. He may be carrying a gun or hand grenades, which, if used, would cause a disaster. The only thing to do is try to ensure that these people never get on the plane in the first instance. So airlines all over the world have security procedures. Before any passenger can get on an airplane at the airport, he must go through a series of security checks to make sure he isn't carrying anything that ispotentially dangerous or could be used as a weapon on board. The security measures vary from airport to airport. At some airports there is very little security. At other airports thesecurity checks are very strict and it can take up to haft-an-hour to get through them all.Kai Tak Airport in Hong Kong, China, has a good security system. No aircraft starting its journey from Hong Kong has ever been hijacked. At Kai Tak, when a passenger first checks in, his or her name is matched with the computer list of passengers booked on that particular flight. If the name is not recognised, the passenger will be taken aside and questioned by security guards and may not be allowed on the plane. Next, every suitcase is X-ray checked before it goes into the plane. Any suitcase that seems to have something dangerous in it is not put on the plane. Then the hand baggage which the passengers will carry on to the plane is checked. Each passenger has to open his or her bag and the security clerk examines the contents. If there is anything that could be used as a weapon, a penknife for example, the security staff take it away and keep it in a safe place on the plane until the flight is over. The passenger can then collect it.Finally there is a body check of all passengers. They must pass through a door where X-rays will show if they are carrying anything made of metal, like a gun. If anything suspicious is found, they will be asked to explain. It is only after all these checks that a passenger is allowed to board the plane.59、 According to the first paragraph which of the following will the author disagree? ______A. Hijacking is a relatively new crime.B. Hijacking is practically unheard-of.C. The number of Hijacking is increasing.D. Hijacking is a serious problem facing international airlines.60、 The only thing we can do to prevent the disaster caused by Hijacking is to ______.A. set up a series of security proceduresB. exert control over gunsC. fight bravely against the hijackingD. meet the hijacker's demand61、 If there is anything that could be used as a weapon, the passager______.A. can keep it in a safe place on the planeB. can take it back from the security staff when the flight is overC. may not be allowed on the planeD. will be taken aside and questioned by security guards.62、At Kai Tak a passager has to get through all the following checks before boarding the plane except ______.A. having his name matched with the computer listB. having every suitcase X-ray checkedC. having the hand baggage X-ray checkedD. passing through a door for a body checkSection BDirections: Match the Chinese sentences in the left column with the English in the right column. Mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.A. Soon after he transferred to the new school, John found that he had great difficulty keeping up with the rest of his class.B. Throughout the project, people have received training and decided to start over their own business.C. Our efforts will pay off if the results of the research can be applied to the development of the new technology.D. I can't start my computer now, something must have with the operating system.63、如果研究结果能够应用于新技术的开发，我们的努力就没有白费。
专升本核心词
山东省专升本英语核心词汇及短语A:abandon aboard absolute absorbabstract abundant accentaccess accident accommodation accompany accomplish according account accumulate accurate accuseaccustomedachieveacknowledgeacquireadaptaddressadequateadjectiveadjustadmireadmissionadoptadvanceadvantage:gain/have anadvantage over,take advantage ofadventureaffairaffectaffordagencyagendaagentaidalarmalikealiveallowallowancealteralternativeamazeambassadorambitionambitiousamendamountamuseanalysis analyze ancestor ancient anniversary announce annoy annual anticipate anxiety anxious apart apology apparent appeal appearance appendix appetite appetizing applause appleapplianceapplicantapplicationapplyappointappreciateapproachappropriateapprovalapprovearbitrationargueargumentarisearousearrangearrestarrivalartificialaspectassessassignassistassociateassumeassureastonishathleteattachattackattemptattendattendantattentionattitudeattractaudienceauthorityauthorizeautomatic available avenueavoidawaitawakeawardaware: be aware of awfulawkwardBbachelor background badlybaggage balancebanquetbare bargainbarrierbathebatterybeachbearbeautybehalf: on behalfofbehavebehaviorbeliefbelongbenchbenefitberthbesidesbeyondbidbitebitterblameblankblendblindblockblouseboardboilboldbondbonusborderborebotherbound: be boundto/ be bound forboundarybranchbrandbreath: catch one’s breath/ out of breathbridgebriefbrilliantbroadbroadcast brochurebrokerbroombudgetbulletinburdenbureauburst: burst into tearsCcalculate calendarcalmcampaigncampuscancelcandidatecapable: becapable ofcapacitycaptaincapturecargocasecashiercassettecasualcatalogueceasecelebratecentigradeceremonycertificatechampagnechampioncharacteristicchargechasecheatchequechiefcircumstancecivilizationclarifyclassifyclauseclientclockwise: 顺时针方向转动的［地］，正转的［地］coarse collar colleague column combination combine comfortable command comment commercial commission comment commodity communicate commute compact companion comparable compatible compensate competecompetentcomplaintcomplexcompoundcomprisecompromiseconcentrateconceptconcernconcerningconcludeconclusionconductconferenceconfessconfidentialconfineconfirmconflictconformconfrontconfusecongressconsciousconsequentlyconservativeconserveconsiderableconsiderateconsiderationconsistconstantconstraintconstructionconsulconsultconsumeconsumerconsumptioncontactcontentcontext continual continuous contradict contrary: on the contrary contrast: in contrast to contribute convenient conversion convey convince coordinate copyright corporation correspond correspondence correspondent correspondingcorridorcostlycouncilcountercouragecourteouscrazycreditcrewcrimecriminalcrisiscriticalcrucialcrudecruelcrystalcurrencycurrentcursecursorcustomDdailydamagedampdashdatadawndeadlinedebatedebtdecadedeceivedecisiondeclaredecoratedecrease define definite delay delegate delete deliberately delicate delicious delight delivery democracy demonstrate dense density deny depart dependent deposit depress depthderivedescribedeservedesirabledespairdespitedestinationdestructiondetectdevicediagnosedialectdifferdifferencedigitaldiplomatdisadvantagedisasterdisciplinedisclosediscountdisgustdislikedismissdisplaydisposedisputedistinctdistinctiondistinguishdistortdistributedivorcedocumentdomesticdominatedosedraftdramaticdriftdrill drown duedull duplicate dynamicEearnest easeecho economic economical edgeediteffect effective efficient elaborateelementaryelevatoreliminateembarrassembassyemergeemergencyemphasisemphasizeemployencloseendlessendureengageenhanceenlargeenormousensureenterpriseenthusiasmequivalentescapeessentialestablishestateestimateevaluateeventeventuallyevidenceevidentevolutionexceedexceptionexcessexcludeexecutiveexertexhaustexhibitexist expand expectation expenditure explode exploit explore expose exposure extensive external extraordinaryFfacility factor faculty fadefaintfaithfulfalsefamefamiliarfancyfarefarewellfatalfatiguefaultfavorfavoritefeasiblefeatherfeedbackfestivalfibrefiercefilterfinancialfindingfirmflavorflexibleflightfluentfocusfoldfolkfondforbidformulafortnightfoundationfountainframeworkfrankfrequencyfrustrate fuelfulfill function fundamental furnitureGgap garage generate generous genuine gesture giant glance glorious goal goodsgracefulgrant: take …forgrantedgraspgratefulgratitudegravegreedygrocergrossground: on thegrounds ofguaranteeguidanceguiltygymnasiumHhalthandleharborhardlyhardshiphardware/ softwareharmharmfulharvesthastehatredheadingheadquartersheighthencehesitatehighlighthinthobby honorable horizon hospitable hostile humble humorousIideal identical identification identifyidleignore illegal illustrate imagine: imaginative/imaginary/imaginableimitationimmigrantimplicationimplyimposeimpressionincidentinclineincludedindexindicateindividualinduceinevitableinfect: infectiousinferinferenceinferiorinfluenceinfiniteinforminitialinitiativeinjectioninjuryinnocentenquiryinsectinsertinsightinspectioninspireinstallfor instanceinstinctinstitutioninstructioninsult insurance integrate intelligent interact interfere interior intermediate internal interval invade investigate investment invisible involve irrevocable isolate itinerary JjamjealousjointjudgejuniorjusticejustifyKkeen: be keen onkeyboardkindnessknockknowledgeableLlabellacklaglanelaterlatterlaughterlaunchlaundrylayoutleadleagueleanleapleisurelengthlestliableliberatelibertylicense lightninglikelylikewise limitedlink: be linked to livelylivingloadloanlocatelogicallooseloss: be at a loss loyalluggageM magicmagnificentmaintainmaintenancemajormajoritymanagemanualmanufacturemarginmarvelousmaskmastermaturemaximizemaximummeansmeanwhilemeasuremechanismmediummemo/memorandummemorymentalmentionmenumerchantmercy: at themercy ofmerelymeritmildmilitaryminimumminor: minorityminusminutemiraclemiserablemisleadmissing mission mixture mobile moderate modify moisture mood moral moreover mortgage motion motivate multiple municipal muscular mutual mysterious NnakednamelynationalitynavigationnecessarilynecessitynegativenegotiatenervousneutralnoblenonsensenormalnowadaysnumerousOobjectobjectionobjectiveobligationobligeoccasionoccupationoccupyoccuroffenceomitoperateopponentopposeoppositeoptimaloralorientorientation original outcome outlook outline outstanding overcome owe ownershipPpackage packet palepalm pamphlet panel parallel parameter 参数parliamentparticipantparticipatepassionpassivepatternpaymentperceivepermanentpermissionpersistpersonnelpersuadephasephilosophyplainplasticplatformplotpolishpollpollutionporcelainportableportionposepossibilitypostponepotentialpracticeprecautionpreciousprecisepredictpreferenceprejudicepreliminaryprescribepreservepretend prevail previous primary primitive prime principal principle prior priority private procedure professional proficient profit progressive promote prompt proof proportion proposalproposeprospectprosperityprosperousprotestprovidedprovisionpublicationpunctualpurposepursuepuzzleQqualifiedqualityquantityquarantine 检疫,隔离quitRrandomrangerankrarelyratiorawreactrealisticreceiptreceptionreceptionistrecognitionrecommendreferreferencerefinereflectreflectionreformrefresh refundable 可偿还的regard: with/ in regard to regardless registerregularregulate regulation reinforcerelativereleasereliablerelieve reluctantremarkableremedyremotereplacerepresentreputationrescueresemblereserveresidentresolutionrespect: withrespect to/ inrespect ofrespectiverespectivelyrespondresponsibilityresponsiblerestrainrestrictresumeretainretreatrevealreversereviserewardridridiculousriperivalroastrobrolerootroughrouteroutineroyalruderuinruralrushSsafetysakesale: on sale samplesavingscale: on a small/ large scale scarcelyscarescatterscenery schedule schemescholarshipsealsecondarysectionsecurityseekselectiveselfishsemesterseminarseniorsensiblesensitiveseparatesequenceseries: a series ofsettlementsevereshakeshallowshareholdershavesheltershiftshockshortageshouldershowersightsightseeingsignalsignaturesignificancesimilarsimultaneousSincerelysingularsinksketchskilled sleevesliceslightslope smuggle snacksocial/ sociable solesolution sophisticated sorrow souvenir spadespanspare specialist specialize specimen spectator spellspheresplendidsplitsponsorspreadstablestaffstainstandardstarestarvestatisticsstatue/ statussteadysteepstereotypestiffstimulatestipulatestrategystrengthenstretchstuffsubmissionsubmitsubstancesubstantialsubstitutesufficientsummarizesummarysuperficialsuperiorsupplementsupposesurgerysurroundingssuspectsurveysurvive suspicious suspicion swallow sweep swing switch sword sympathy symphony symptom synthetic systematicTtablet tackle talented target temporarytempttendencytendertenseterminalterritorythirstythoroughthoughtfulthreadthreatthreatenthumbthundertiptissuetoasttoleratetorchtoughtracetracktrademarktransactiontransfertransformtransparenttremendoustuitiontwistUultimateundertakeundoubtedlyunexpecteduniformuniqueunprecedented urgeurgentutilityutilizeVvacationvainvalidvalidityvanishvarietyvaryvehicleventureverify检验, 校验, 查证, 核实versionversusverticalveteranvetovicevirtualvirtuevirusvisiblevisionvitalvividvoltage电压, 伏特数volumevoyageWwagewanderwealthweepwelfarewhisperwidespreadwillingwipewitwithdrawwithstand抵挡,经受住witnesswonderworthwhileworthywrapwristYyieldZzone短语：be able to do sth be about to do sth above allhave access toby accidenton account of take into account accuse… of adapt … toadd …to add up toin additionin addition toadjust togain/have anadvantage overtake advantage ofbe afraid ofagain and againonce againahead ofaim atin the open airon the airabove allafter allall in allall butall overall rightat allin allalong withnot only…butalsoamount tobe angry withone after anotherone anotherbe anxious aboutanything butapart fromas….asas for/toas ifas if/ thoughas soon asas possibleas/so long asas wellas well asaside fromask for associate with pay attention to on the/an average be aware ofright awayback and forth back upbe sad forgo sadkeep one’s balance bear… in mind bear on/upon because of before long begin withon behalf of believe in at bestdo/ try one’s bestget the better ofhad betterin betweengive birth toa bitbe to blameblow upon boardboth… and…be bound to dosth/ be bound forsome placebreak awaybreak downbreak inbreak intobreak offbreak outbreak throughbreak upcatch one’s breathout of breathin briefbring aboutbring forthbring forwardbring inbring outbring upbuild upburn downburn outburn upburst into tearson businessbe busy withbut fornothing butby and by call atcall back call forcall incall offcall oncall upbe capable of care about care for take care take care of carry off carry on carry outin any case in casein case ofin no case catch a coldcatch firecatch hold ofcatch one’s eyescatch sight ofcatch upcatch up withby chancetake a chancechange intofree of chargein charge oftake chargecheck incheck outcheer upclean upclear upget close tocome aboutcome acrosscome alongcome bycome downcome fromcome oncome outcome overcome roundcome throughcome tocome to an endcome to the pointcome truecome upcome up tocome up withbe committed toin commoncompare… to…compare with compensate foras/so far as …be concernedbe concerned aboutbe concerned with on condition that confine to connect to connect within consequence consider ason the contraryin contrast toout of control under control convert into convert toat all costs at the cost ofcount on/ upona couple ofin the course ofof coursecover upcut acrosscut downcut incut offcut outcut shortin dangerin the darkdate back todate fromout of dateup to dateday after dayday and nightday by daya good/ great dealin debtin demandin depthin detaildie downdie ofdie outbe different fromdig outdo away withdo one’s bestdo welldo withouthave nothing to dowithhave something todo withbe divided intodozens ofdraw indraw updraw ondraw outdream ofdress updrop by/indrop outdrop offdue tooff dutyon dutyeach otheron earthtake it easyeat upbring into effect come/ go into effect in effecttake effector elseend upin the endat the end ofengage inenjoy oneselfenter intobe equivalent toeven if/ thougheven soat all eventsin any eventin the event of/thatfor everevery now andthenevery otherto be exactfor exampleexcept forwith the exceptionofwithout exceptionin exchange forat one’s expenseat the expense ofbe exposed tocatch one’s eyekeep an eye onface to faceface up toin the face ofmake facesin factfall apartfall asleepfall backfall back onfall behindfall illfall in lovefall intofall offfall outfall overbe familiar with be familiar tobe famous foras far asby farfar awayfar fromso fardo someone a favorin favor offor fear that/ of feed onfeel likequite a fewfigure outfill infill outfill upfind outon fireat firstfirst of allfor the first timebe fit forfit infix upas followson footat the foot ofand so forthset freefor freebe friend within front ofmake fun ofin futurein the futurein generalget acrossget alongget awayget downget inget intoget offget onget on withget outget overget throughget togetherget upgive away give ingive offgive out give upgive way to go aboutgo aftergo against go aheadgo along with go awaygo back to go bygo downgo forgo in forgo intogo off go ongo on withgo outgo overgo throughgo upgo withgo withoutgo wrongdo goodfor goodbe good atbe good fortake … for grantedon the grounds ofon guardon one’s guardget into the habitofin halfat handby handhand downhand inhand outhand overon handon the one hand,on the other handhang onhang uphave in mindhave onhead forhead onkeep one’s headlose one’s headhear abouthear oflearn by heartheart and soul lose heartcan not helphelp oneself to here and thereget hold ofhold backhold onhold on tohold one’s breath hold outhold upon holidayat hometo be honestin honor ofin the hope of/ that how about hundreds ofin a hurry hurry upinside outinsist onfor instancebe interested inisolate fromjoin injust nowbe keen onkeep backkeep in mindkeep offkeep onkeep on doing sthkeep out ofkeep outkeep tokeep upkeep up withknock atknock intoknock outbe known toat largeat lastbe late forat the latestlater onlaugh atlay downlay outlearn by heartat leastleave aloneleave behindleave outlet alonelet downlet golet inlet outlie downlie inline upin linebe linked toa littlelittle by little live onlive through live up tolive withlock upfor longlong before long forno longerin the long run look after look around look atlook backlook downon/uponlook forlook forward tolook intolook onlook outlook overlook roundlook throughlook uptake a look atlose sight oflose weightat a lossa lot oflots ofbe made up ofbe made frombe made ofmake formake outmake upmake up formake up one’sminda great manymany aa matter ofas a matter of factby all meansby means ofby no meansin the meantimemeet withat the mercy ofin the middle ofchange on e’smindsmake up one’s mindsin a minuteby mistakemix upat the momentfor a momentfor the moment the momentmore and more more or lessno moreno more than move awaymove onmove outmove upby naturein the name of in naturein need ofneither … nor..next tonow and thenby nowfrom now onnow thata large number ofat oncefor onceonce againonce moreopen upin orderin order toout of orderother thanthe other dayout ofout of touchout of workover and overowe toof one’s ownplay a part intake part inone the part ofplay a part inparticipate inin particularpass awaypass onpass byin the pastpay a visit topay backpay forpay offpay outin personpick outpick uppile upin place ofin placein the first place out of placetake placeplay withwith pleasure plenty ofpoint outto the pointon the point of pop upbe popular with sb if possibleout of practice put into practice in practiceprefer toprepare forat presentprevent fromprior toin privatein the process ofin progressmake progressin proportion tobe proud ofin publicpull downpull inpull outpull upon purposeput asideput awayput downput forwardput in forput input offput onput output to useput upput up within questionout of the questionwithout questionon the radioat any ratehad/would … .rather thanreact toget ready forby reason ofrefer torefer to… aswith/ in regard to regardless ofin relation towith respect to/ in respect ofas a resultas a result ofin returnbe rich inget rid ofall rightright nowring upgive rise toplay the role ofas a rulebreak the rulerule out run downrun intorun offrun out ofrun overrun throughon saleall the samethe same ason a small/ largescaleon schedulescores ofin search ofsearch forin seasonout of seasontake one’s seatsee assee offsee throughsee tosell outsend forsend outsend income to one’ssensesin a sensemake sensemake sense ofseparate froma series ofset aboutset asideset backset downset fire toset forthset freeset offset outset upsettle downbe short ofcut shortfor shortin shortrun short of shout aton showshow … around show off show… out show upshut down catch sight of in sightout of sightat fist sight in silencebe similar toever sincesit downslow downand so on/ forthor soso as toso thatas soon asno sooner … thansooner or latersort outspeak ofspeed upspend onon the spotstand forstand outstand upstand up tostare atfor a startstart outstay upstep by stepstep instep upstick tostop fromstruggle againstsucceed insuch assuch thatall of a suddensuffer fromsum upin sumbe sure ofmake surein surprise take by surprise to one’s surprise switch off switch ontake aftertake alongtake aparttake astake awaytake downtake fortake intake offtake outtake ontake overtake sidestake uptalk of tell fromin terms ofthanks tothat isby thenin theorythink aboutthink ofthink of…asthink overas thougheven thoughon secondthoughtsthrow awaytie upall the timeat a timeat any timeat no timeat one timeat the same timeat timesfor the time beingfrom time to timehave a good timein no timein timeon timeonce upon a timetake one’s timetoo… toget in touch within touchkeep in touch withkeep track oftrack downtranslate intoin troubletry ontry one’s best try outtune inin turntake turn turn down turn inturn into turn offturn onturn outturn over turn toturn upup tomake use of put to use use upas usualin vain a wide variety ofin view ofpoint of viewwith a view toby virtue ofwait onwait forwake upwarm upwash outwatch forwatch out forwatch overby the wayby way ofin a wayin no wayin the wayin the same waymake waymake one’s wayunder waywear offwear outas wellas well asjust as wellwhat aboutwhat ifwhether .. orafter a whilefor a whilein a short whileonce in a whilewhile awayas a wholeone the wholebe willing towind upwipe outgo withoutno wonder that in a wordin other words keep on e’s words word for word work onwork outworry aboutat worstwrite downgo wrong。
2011年专升本英语答案
2011年专升本英语真题参考答案
第一部分选择题
一．词汇与语法：1—5 A C A D A 6—10 D D C C C
二．阅读理解：11—15 C D D D C 16—20 C C C A C
21—25 B A D C B
三．英译汉：26—29 D C C D
四．完形填空：30—34 A D C A C 35—39 C A B A D
第二部分非选择题
一.词形转换
40.shortage 41. qualified 43 frequency 45 commercial
47 disobeying 49 doubtful
二．术语匹配： 50—54 D F M O J 55—59 L H E N B
三．简答题：
60、main points
61、the purpose
62、second paragraph.
63、first-hand accounts.
64、contract information
四．段落翻译：
65. 大多数的会议都有议程，以一个正式会议为例，议程文件可能会提前的被发送到每个会议参与者的手中。
而如果以一个非正式的会议为例，议程可能只是一张需要讨论处理事宜的清单。
议程的意义在于加速会议的进行并使每个人都能围绕会议重点进行相应的讨论和处理事宜。
五、应用文写作：（略）。
2011专转本英语单词详解2
词汇练习3详解1resist: vt. 抵制；反抗；克制•Our trade union has resisted theintroduction ofautomation.This special coating isdesignedto resist rust.2offended: adj. 被冒犯的；被触怒的；生气的•Clarissa looked offended.3incline: vt. 使倾向于；使有意于;•incline sb to do sth: 使某人倾向于做某事•A bad day at work mayincline you to be evenmore stubborn .sb be inclined to do sth:某人倾向于做某事seal: vt. 封；封闭；密封•The solicitor took a sealedenvelope from the folderon his desk.yield: v. 屈服；屈从•yield to:•The finance manageryielded to his critics andhalved the March budget.stiff: adj. 僵硬的；不易弯曲的；（肌肉或关节）活动时不灵活的•I went stiff with terror.•I’m too stiff to move afterthat yoga last night.solve: vt. 解决；genuine: adj. 真正的；纯正的；非伪造的；•The experts decided thatthe painting was a genuineTang Bohu.•genuine Mexican food9slide: n. 幻灯片；滑梯；发夹；govern: v. 统治；治理•to govern a nation; •People are sure that they can govern better than the politicians.govern: v. 控制；支配•There are strict rulesgoverning the killing andcooking of cats and dogs.funds: n. 经费；专款；资金•congress cut back thefunds for the program.•they have spent theirscarce fundson expensivehousing.fund: n. （用于慈善事业或其他事业的）基金；专款•a fund was set up tomaintain thebuilding.•the disaster fundfund: v. 为...提供基金；资助•the program was beingfunded both bygovernments and privateindustry.function•n. 功能•fundamental基本的；根本的•funeral•葬礼operate : v . 经营；管理•There are a lot ofmultinational companies operating inChina now .•He operatesan Afghannews service .paint•画；绘画；油漆；•tie捆；绑；系；缚•fetch•（去）拿来be fond of : 喜欢的；喜欢做的；喜爱adventure•历险；冒险•grammatical语法的guilty : adj . 犯罪的；有罪的•He was found guilty ofpassing on secret papersto a foreign power .guilty : adj . 内疚的；•They feel guilty aboutseeing her so little .spoil•损坏；宠坏；（食物）变坏•curious好奇的delicate : adj . 微妙的；棘手的；•a very delicate social and political balance•the delicate sphere of racerelationsdelicious•可口的；美味的•perfect完美的persuade: v. 说服；劝说•persuade sb；•persuade sb to do sth;persuade sb into sth;Marsha was still trying topersuade Posy to changeher mind.•They hadno difficulty inpersuading him to launch anew paper.He is the sort of man thatcould bepersuaded intoanything.recognize•认出；识别；承认•extend延伸；延长；扩大；•unexpected•出乎意料的estimate: v. 估量；估计•sb estimate sth;•sbestimate sth/sb to dosth;sb estimate that...•it is estimated that...Thehurricane causeddamage estimated at 300million pounds.overlook: vt. 俯瞰；俯视•...a room which overlookedthegarden...•...windows overlooking theplayground...overlook: vt. 忽视；忽略；看漏•They overlook theenormous risks involved...•I decided to overlook hisunkindness .ignore: vt. 不顾；不理；对...置若罔闻•Ralph ignored Jack’squestion.•The President cannotrudely ignore any head ostate who chooses tocome here.The Government ignoredhis advice...sincere: adj. (指人）诚恳的；真诚的；•He was decent, sincere, agood man.loan : n. 贷款•The government had tomake a further loan of$3.3m to save the industry.loan : v. 借...给•loan sth•loan sb sthloan sth to sb•He never loaned his car toanybody.medium: n. （表现）方式；（交流）手段•I went to secondary schoolin a country where Englishis not the medium ofinstruction.media: n. 宣传工具；传播媒介（如电视、报纸和广播）•The news media are onlyinterested in bad news.•mass mediashed: v. 流（泪）；（因暴力或战争）流血•...a child shedding tearsover a broken toy...•They called for an end tothe shedding of blood .disappoint: v. 使失望•You disappoint me;i hadexpected you to behavemore responsibly.•The answer must havedisappointed him.desert:•抛弃；离弃•clarify:澄清；阐明•oppose:•反对outline: n. 提纲challenge: n. 挑战stable : adj. 稳定的•Oil prices are stable for the first time in years.•...a stable marriage...... the most politicallystable country in theregion...performance: n. 表演；演出•after the performance Iwent round to see her inherdressing room... performance: n. 工作情况；成绩；业绩•Many people are extremelydisappointed with theperformance of thisgovernment.•How is a company tomeasure its performance?performance: n. （特定场合的）表现twin: n. 双胞胎fulfill: v. 兑现；完成；履行；满足•They failed to fulfill theirpromises to revive theeconomy.•I had fulfilled many of myyouthful ambitions.interrupt: v. 打断；插嘴•sb interrupt•sb interrupt sbSorry to interrupt but ihave an urgent messagefor you...•I knew better than tointerrupt him when he wason the phone.expose : v . 使暴露；使显露；使暴露于（险境）；使遭受（危险等）•expose sth ;•His shirt was open ,exposing the blue and red lines of the tattoo on hischest .expose sbto sth ;•sb be exposed to sth ;•They had been exposed toradiation ...express :•表达•explode :爆炸•exploit :•开采；利用reflect: v . 反映；表现；显示•The choiceof school reflectsDad’s hopes for us .•Their stock prices fell to thelevels that did not reflect the true value of their assets .affect :•影响•react :反应•recognize •承认；认出withdraw : v . （军队）撤离；撤走•Resolutions were passedcalling for Israeli army to withdraw from Palestinian territory .withdraw : v . （从银行账户或储蓄账户）提取（款项）•You must present your cheque card when you withdraw any money .feedback :•反馈•departure :离开dramatic : adj . 引人注目的；突然而惊人的；急剧的；显著的；紧张刺激的；扣人心弦的；•I expect to see dramatic improvements .•Landing on the moon wasone of the most dramatic adventures of this century .ceremony: n. 典礼；仪式•wedding ceremony;•coronation ceremony;graduation ceremony;chase: v. 追赶excess: n. 超过；过量•Inflation results from an excess ofdemand oversupply .•This report shoulddiscourage us all fromeating an excess of fat.in excess of...weaken•削弱•omit省略•overcome•克服overtake•赶上；超过insurance•保险•expense花费；支出evidence•证据•favor•喜爱；偏爱•favorite最喜欢的物•fever•发烧flavor味道。
山东专升本考试英语核心词汇复习(1)
absolute a. 绝对的,完全的abundant a. 丰富的，充裕的abuse v. 滥用，虐待；谩骂academic a. 学术的academy n.院校；学会accelerate vt. 加速,促进accomplish vt .完成,到达acid n. 酸，酸的acknowledge v. 承认；致谢acquire vt. 取得，获得adapt vi. 适应，适合adequate a. 适当地；足够adhere vi. 粘附，附着adjust v. 调整,调节adopt v. 收养；采用adult n. 成年人advertise v. 为...做广告advertisement n. 广告agency n. 代理商，经销商agent n. 代理人,代理商alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料,酒精alter v. 改变,改动,变更apparent a. 显然的，明白的appeal n./vi. 呼吁，恳求appetite n. 胃口；欲望appliance n. 器具，器械applicable a.可应用的，适当的applicant n. 申请人appoint vt. 任命，委派appreciate vt. 重视，赏识approach v.靠近,接近 n. 途径appropriate a. 适当的approve v. 赞成，同意，批准arbitrary a. 随意的,未断的architect n. 建筑师architecture n. 建筑学arise vi. 产生,出现arouse vt. 引起,激起aspect n. 方面；朝向；面貌attach vt. 系,贴；使附属attitude n. 态度authority n. 权威；当局automatic a. 自动的available a.可提供的；可得到的avenue n. 林荫道,大街award vt.授予n. 奖品,奖金aware a. 意识到awful a. 极坏的,可怕的awkward a. 笨拙的,棘手的bachelor n. 学士,单身汉bacteria n. 细菌ban vt. 取缔，禁止bargain n.便宜货 vi.讨价还价barrel n. 桶barrier n. 障碍；棚栏battery n. 电池（组）beforehand ad. 预先，事先biology n. 生物学blast n. 爆炸；气流vi. 炸,炸掉bother v. 打搅，麻烦boundary n. 分界线，边界brake n. 刹车breed v. 繁殖,产仔budget n. 预算 v. 编预算bunch n. 群，伙；束，串bundle n. 捆，包，束burden n. 重担,负荷burst vi.,n. 突然发生，爆裂calculate vt. 计算，核算calendar n. 日历,月历campus n. 校园cancel vt. 取消,废除candidate n. 候选人capture vt. 俘虏，捕获career n. 生涯,职业casual a. 偶然的，临时的catalog n. 目录v. 编目ceremony n. 典礼，仪式cliff n. 悬崖,峭壁clue n. 线索,提示coach n. 教练coarse a. 粗的,粗糙的code n. 准则,法规,密码collision n. 碰撞,冲突column n. 柱；专栏comedy n. 喜剧comment n./vt. 评论commit vt.犯community n. 社区,社会comparable a. (with,to)可比较的,comparative a. 比较的,相对的compete vi. 竞争,比赛competent a.能胜任的competition n. 竞争,比赛conquer vt. 征服consent n.同意 vi (to)准许conservation n. 保存，保护conservative a. 保守的consistent a.一致的constant a. 不变的,恒定的consume v. 消耗,耗尽continual a.频繁的continuous a.连续（不断）的cope vi. (with)应付,处理core n. 果心,核心dash vi. 猛冲,飞奔data n. 数据,资料deaf a. 聋的；不愿听的debate n./v. 辩论，争论debt n. 欠债decade n. 十年decay vi. 腐烂，腐朽decent a. 像样的，体面的decline v.下降decorate vt. 装饰,装璜defect n. 缺点，缺陷delay vt./n. 推迟,延误delicate a. 易碎的；精美的deposit n. 存款v.存放，储蓄derive vt.得到；(from)起源于descend v. 下来，下降deserve vt. 应受,应得,值得device n. 装置,设备devise vt. 发明,策划discipline n. 纪律；惩罚discount n. （价格）折扣discrimination n. 歧视display n./vt. 陈列，展览dispose vi.解决；处理(of)distinguish vt. 区分,辨别distress n. 痛苦,悲伤vt. 使痛苦distribute vt. 分发disturb vt. 打搅,妨碍dive vi. 跳水,潜水diverse a. 不同的,多种多样的drift vi. 漂，漂流dumb a. 哑的dump vt. 倾卸,倾倒durable a. 耐用的，持久的emotion n. 情感,感情emotional a. 感情的,情绪（上）的emphasize vt. 强调,着重enclose vt. 围住；把...装入信封encounter vt./n. 遭遇,遭到enthusiasm n. 热情,热心entitle vt. 给...权利,给...资格entry n. 进入,入口处environment n. 环境erect v. 建造，竖立essential a.必不可少的estimate n./vt. 估计，估量evaluate vt. 评估，评价evil a. 邪恶的,坏的evolution n. 演变，进化evolve v.演变exaggerate v. 夸大,夸张exceed vt. 超过，越出exceedingly ad. 非常，极其excess n. 过分，过量，过剩exclaim v. 呼喊，大声说exclude vt.把...排除,不包括excursion n. 远足expand v. 扩大；展开，膨胀expansion n. 扩大,膨胀expend v. 消费expense n. 开销,费用expensive a.价格高贵的explode v. 爆炸；爆发；激增exploit v. 剥削；利用，开采explore v. 勘探explosion n. 爆炸；爆发explosive a. 爆炸的export n.／ v.出口,输出extent n. 程度,范围external a. 外部的，外表的extinct a. 绝灭的extraordinary a. 不平常的，特别的extreme a. 极度的,极端的facility n.设施fatal a. 致命的；重大的fate n. 命运fatigue n. 疲劳，劳累faulty a. 有错误的，有缺点的favorable a. 称赞道；有利的favorite a. 特别受喜欢的female a. 女性的，雌的ferfile a. 肥沃的；多产的fertilizer n. 肥料flash vi. 闪光，闪耀flee vi. 逃走focus v. （使）聚集 n. 焦点forbid vt. 不许，禁止frown v./n. 皱眉frustrate vt. 使沮丧gap n. 间隔，差距garbage n. 垃圾，废物gasoline n. 汽油gaze v. 凝视，注视generate vt. 生成，产生genius n. 天才，天赋genuine a. 真的，真诚的geography n. 地理（学）gesture n. 姿势，手势giant a. 巨大的n. 巨人glimpse n. 一瞥，一看global a. 全球的；总的globe n. 地球,世界glory n. 光荣，荣誉grand a. 宏伟大，重大的grant vt. 授予,同意,准予grateful a. 感激的gratitude n. 感激guarantee vt./n. 保证guilty a. 内疚的；有罪的harmony n. 和谐，融洽haste n. 急速，急忙hesitate v. 犹豫highlight vt. 强调，突出hint n. 暗示，示意hollow a. 空的，中空的hook n. 钩 vt. 钩住humble a. 谦逊的；谦虚的identify vt. 认出，鉴定identity n. 身份；个性,特性idle a. 懒散的，无所事事的illegal a. 不合法的,非法的illusion n. 错觉import n.／ v.进口，输入impose vt. 把...加强(on)incident n. 事件，事变index n. 索引，标志individual a.单独的 n. 个人inevitable a. 不可避免的infant n. 婴儿infect v. 传染infer v. 推论,推断inferior a. 劣等的，次的infinite a. 无限的inhabitant n. 居民insignificant a. 无意义的insurance n. 保险,保险费interfere v. 干涉,干扰,妨碍interfere v. 干涉，干扰，妨碍internal a. 内部的,国内的internal a. 内部的，国内的interpret v. 翻译，解释invade v. 侵入,侵略isolate vt. 使隔离，使孤立issue n. 问题,争论点jail n. 监狱jam n. 果酱；拥挤，堵塞joint a.连接的；共同的junior a. 年少的；资历较浅的label n. 标签launch vt. 发动，发起leak v. 漏，渗出lean vi. 倾斜，倚，靠leap vi. 跳跃leisure n. 闲暇；悠闲lest conj. 唯恐，免得liable a. (to)易于...的liberal a.自由的liberty n. 自由licence/license n. 许可证liter/litre n. 升loose a. 松的，宽松的mainland n. 大陆maintain vt. 维持,坚持,主张manual a.用手的，手工做的manufacture vt./n.制造，加工marine a. 海的；海产的massive a. 大的,大量的mature a. 成熟的maximum a. 最高的,最大的media n. 新闻传媒medium a. 中等的n. 媒介merchant n. 商人mere a. 仅仅的，纯粹的mild a. 温暖的,暖和的minimum a. 最低的,最小的mission n. 使命；代表团mixture n. 混合,混合物modest a. 谦虚的modify vt. 修改moist a. 潮湿moisture n. 潮湿mood n. 心情,情绪；语气moral a. 道德上的,有道德的motivate vt. 激励，激发motive n. 动机，目的navy n.海军necessity n. 必需品；必要性negative a. 否定的，消极的neglect vt. 忽视，忽略network n.网络neutral a. 中立的,中性的nonsense n. 胡说,冒失的行动notion n. 概念；意图，想法nuclear a. 核子的，核能的nuisance n.令人讨厌的东西oblige v. 迫使，责成；使感激obstacle n. 障碍（物）,妨碍odd a. 奇特的,古怪的offend v. 冒犯，触犯omit vt. 省略opponent n. 敌手,对手opportunity n. 机会,时机optics n.光学optimistic a. 乐观optional a. 可以任选的oral a. 口头的，口述的，口的orbit n. 轨道organ n. 器官origin n. 起源，出身outstanding a. 杰出的pants n. 长裤；内裤parallel n. 平行线, 可比的事物participate v.参与，参加particularly ad. 特别，尤其passion n. 激情，热情passive a. 被动的，消极的passport n. 护照peak n. 山峰，顶点personal a. 个人的,私人的personal a.私人的；亲自的petrol n. 汽油phenomenon n. 现象portion n. 一部分poverty n. 贫穷precaution n. 预防precaution n. 预防，防备preserve v. 保护，保存previous a. 先,前,以前的primitive a. 原始的，早期的principal a. 最重要的n.校长principle n. 原则,原理prior a. 优先的,在前的priority n. 优先,重点private a. 私人的，个人的professional a. 职业的,专门的profit n. 利润,益处prohibit vt. 禁止,不准prominent a. 突出的promote vt. 促进；提升prompt vt. 促使a. 迅速的prospect n. 前景,前途；景象prosperity n.兴旺,繁荣pursue vt. 追逐；从事,进行quit v. 停止racial a. 人种的种族的radical a.根本的；激进的range n. 幅度,范围recreation n. 娱乐活动recruit vt. 招募，吸收region n. 地区register v./n.登记,注册regulate vt. 管理,调节reject vt. 拒绝release vt./n. 释放,排放relevant a. 有关的，切题的reliable a. 可靠的relief n. 轻松，宽慰；减轻religion n. 宗教，宗教信仰religious a. 宗教的reluctant a. 不情愿的，勉强的rely vi. (on)依赖，指望remarkable a. 值得注意的,异常的,非凡的remote a. 遥远的,偏僻的removal n. 除去，消除reputation n. 名气，声誉rescue vt./n. 营救resemble vt. 像，类似于resistant a. (to)抵抗的resolve vt. 解决；决定，决意respond vi. 回答，答复；反应restrain vt. 阻止,抑制restrict vt. 限制，约束retail n./v./ad. 零售retain vt. 保留，保持reverse v.倒车，（使）相反reveal vt. 揭露revenue n. 收入，岁入；税收rival n. 竞争对手，敌手route n. 路；路线；航线route n.路线ruin v. 毁坏n. 毁灭sake n. 缘故，理由satellite n. 卫星scale n. 大小，规模scan vt.扫描；浏览scratch v./n. 抓,搔,扒secure a. 安全的security n. 安全sensible a. 明智的sensitive a. 敏感到，灵敏的severe a. 严重的shallow a. 浅的shelter n. 掩蔽处；住所shield n. 防护物vt. 保护shift v. 转移；转动；转变shiver vi/n. 发抖shrink vi. 起皱,收缩；退缩shrug v./n. 耸肩signature n. 签名significance n. 意义；重要性sincere a. 诚挚的，真诚的slide v. 滑动,滑落n. 滑动slip v. 滑动，滑落；忽略slippery a. 滑的sorrow n. 悲哀,悲痛spill v. 溢出，溅出，倒出spit v. 吐（唾液等）；唾弃splendid a. 极好的,壮丽的split v. 劈开；割裂a.裂开的spot n. 地点；斑点vt. 认出stable a. 稳定的stale a. 不新鲜的,陈腐的stimulate vt. 刺激，激励strategy n. 战略,策略substance n. 物质；实质substantial a. 可观的；实质的substitute n. 代用品vt. 代替subtract v. 减（去）suburb n. 市郊subway n. 地铁survey n./vt. 调查suspicion n. 怀疑,疑心suspicious a. 怀疑的,可疑的swallow v. 吞下,咽下n. 燕子talent n. 才能,天资；人才target n. 目标,靶子temple n. 庙temporary a. 暂时的,临时的temptation n. 诱惑,引诱tend vi.易于，趋向tendency n.趋向，趋势tender a. 温柔的；脆弱的tense a. 紧张的v. 拉紧terror n. 恐怖tide n. 潮汐；潮流tidy a. 整洁的,整齐的title n. 题目，标题tone n. 语气，音调trace vt. 追踪，找到 n. 痕迹transform v. 转变transform v. 转变，变革transmit v. 传播transmit v. 传播，播送；传递transplant v. 移植transport vt. 运输n. 运输trap n. 陷阱v.使陷入tremble vi. 颤抖tremendous a. 巨大的；精彩的trend n. 趋向，倾向trial n. 审讯；试验ultimate a. 极端的,最终的undergo v. 经历,遭受undergo v. 经历，遭受undertake vt. 承担unique a. 唯一的,独特的universal a. 普遍的；宇宙的urban a. 城市的urge vt. 鼓励，激励urgent a. 急迫的，紧急得utter a. 完全的，彻底的vacant a. 空的，未占用的vacuum n. 真空,真空吸尘器vain a. 徒劳的,无效的vain n. 徒劳，白费valid a. 有效的valley n. 山谷，峡谷vanish vi. 消灭，不见variable a. 易变的,可变的vary v. 变化,改变vehicle n. 交通工具，车辆venture v.冒险vessel n. 船舶；容器victim n. 牺牲品，受害者video n. 电视，视频violence n. 强力，暴力violent a. 强暴的virtual a. 实际上的,事实上的virtue n. 美德，优点vital a. 重要的；致命的vivid a. 生动的vocabulary n. 词汇，词汇表volume n. 卷，册；体积，容量volunteer n. 志愿者 v.自愿做vote v. 选举 n. 选票wander vi. 漫游，闲逛wealthy a. 富裕的welfare n. 福利withdraw v. 收回，撤销witness n. 目击者；证据wonder n.奇迹v. 想知道wonder n.奇迹 v.想知道yield vi. (to)屈服于n. 产量zone n. 地区,区域。
2011年山东专升本(英语)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2011年山东专升本（英语）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary and Structure 2. Reading Comprehension 5. Translation 6. Writing 11. Listening ComprehensionV ocabulary and Structure1．The coat has a______inside to show the size and where it was made.A．labelB．markC．signD．tag正确答案：A解析：这件衣服里面的标签说明它的型号以及它的产地。
2．I’m very sorry to have ______you with so many questions on such an occasion.A．interferedB．botheredC．impressedD．offended正确答案：B解析：我很抱歉在这种场合一直给你添麻烦。
bother sb with sth给人添麻烦。
3．When she retired she did a lot of______work for the Red Cross.A．validB．portableC．prosperousD．voluntary正确答案：D解析：当她退休后她为红十字会做了许多自愿工作。
A有法律效力，有根据的；B合理的，合适的；C繁荣的，成功的。
4．The French pianist who had been praised very highly______to be a great disappointment.A．turned inB．turned outC．turned upD．turned down正确答案：B解析：过去一度被称赞的法国钢琴家最近很令人失望。
A向里拐，使自首：B turnout结果是，证明是；C出现，找到，出席；D拒绝。
专升本英语专升本核心词汇【精品】
专升本考试高频核心词汇精心整理1. able/ability/enable/unable/disable/disabled/disabilityable的同根词用法一致,后接不定式。
比较：be able to do sth. / be capable of (doing) sth.【题】If I have a good sleep I‟ll be _______to work out the problem.（2014-16）A. possibleB. ableC. capableD. reasonable2. 动词词缀：en-+ adj./n.或adj./n.+/-en 变成动词enable/enlarge/enrich/encourage/brighten/widen/worsen/sharpen/strengthen/heighten/lengthen 【题】Many foreigh words and phrase have the English language.（rich）（2007-5）3. abandon vt. 放弃，抛弃，放纵abandon oneself to 纵情于，沉溺于(=be addicted to)Because of the fog they abandoned their idea of driving. 因为有雾，他们打消了开车去的念头。
4. aboard adv.在船（车）上，上船abroad adv. 在国外，到国外board n. 木板;董事会on board 在船上broad adj. 宽的，宽阔的【题】With so many people caring about her, she feels very happy in the first few months abroad.有这么多人的关心,在国外的最初几个月里,她感到非常幸福。
（2016-82）5. absent adj. 不在的, 缺席的（反：present）Tom is absent on illness. 汤姆因病缺席。
2011年山东专升本英语真题
注：此为2011年山东省专升本考试真题部分内容，详情请访问山东专升本考试网：英语试卷一（考试时间：120分钟）注意事项：一、本试卷分为试卷一、试卷二两部分。
二、将自己的姓名、准考证号码写在试卷和答题卡的相应位置上。
考试结束后，把试卷和答题卡放在桌上。
教师收卷后才可以离开考场。
试卷和答题卡均不得带走。
三、仔细读懂题目的说明。
四、在120分钟内答完全部试题，不得拖延时问。
五、试卷一的答案必须填涂在答题卡上，凡是写在试卷上的答案一律无效；试卷上所有题目必须在试卷上作答。
六、选择题只能选一个答案，多选作废。
选定答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卡上相应字母的中部划一条横线。
使用其他符号者不给分。
画线要有一定的粗度，浓度要盖过底色。
七、如果要改动答案，必须用橡皮擦干净原来选定的答案，然后再按上而的规定重新填涂。
第一部分：听力理解(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Part I Listening Comprehension Section ADirections: In this section you will hear 10 questions. The questions will be spoken only once. After each question, there is a pause. During the pause, you should decide on the proper response from the 4 choices marked A),B),C) and D) given in your test paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Short Conversations1.A) Because it doesn’t work B)Because it has harmful effectsC) Because it’s really effective D) Because i t only works sometimes2. A) Impolite B) SelfishC) Unfriendly D)Helpful3.A) A bad cold B) The woman’s sonC) The weather D) Fatigue4.A )Policeman and thief B)Policeman and driverC) Teacher and student D) Director and actress5.A) In a restaurant B) In a bankC) In a store D) In a post office第二部分：词汇和语法结构（本大题共30小题，每小题0.5分，共15分）Part II Vocabulary and StructureDirections: there are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.21. The coat has a ____inside to show the size and where it was madeA）label B)mark C)sign D)tag22. I’m very sorry to have_____ you with so many questions on such an occasion.A) interested B)bothered C) impressed D) offended23.When she retired she did a lot of _____work for the Red CrossA) valid B)portable C) prosperous D)voluntary24.The French pianist who had been praised very highly_____ to be a great disappointment.A) turned in B) turned out C)turned up D turned down25.Martin Luther King Jr. was_____ the Nobel Peace Prize for advocating the nonviolence policy in the movement for citizen rightsA) gained B)got C)awarded D)owned第三部分：阅读理解（本大题共20小题，每小题1.5分，共30分）Part III Reading Comprehensionquestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneMany teachers believe that responsibility for learning lies with the student. If a long reading assignment is given, teachers expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading ever if they do not discuss it in class or give an examination. The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning, nor the one interested only in getting high grades. When research is assigned, the professor expects the student to take the initiative and to complete the assignment with minimal guidance. Professors will help students who need it, but prefer that their students not be overly dependent on them. In the United States, professors have other duties besides teaching. Often they are responsible for administrative work within their departments. In addition, they may be obliged to publish articles and books. Therefore the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limited. If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either approach a professor during office hours or make an appointment.以上是2011年部分真题。
山东省2011年普通高等教育专升本统一考试英语试卷及答案
山东省2011年普通高等教育专升本统一考试计算机文化基础试卷及答案Part IListening Comprehension（20Points，15minutes）(Omitted)Part II V ocabulary and StructureDirections: In this part there are 20 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.21There is miserable news that very few people ______the earthquake.A. recoveredB. survivedC. existedD. discovered22. ______your book, and do this work first. Y ou may read it later.A. put outB. put awayC. put upD. put on23. Would you like to come to see a film with me tonight?I’d love to, ______I didn’t finish my homework yet.A. andB. soC. asD. but24. Many companies are seeking to exploit and develop the rich natural______in western regions.A. sourcesB. resourcesC. materialsD. power25. Many students will watch TV only to ______ time during the summer vacation.A. spendB. wasteC. enjoyD. kill26. When I try to understand ______that prevents so many Americans from being as happyas one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.A. why it doesB.what it doesC.what it isD.why it is27. I'm sure he is up to the job ______ he would give his mind to it.A.if onlyB. in caseC. untilD.unless28. The car ______ halfway for no reason.A. broke offB. broke downC. broke upD.broke out29. The newcomers found it impossible to ______ themselves to the climate sufficientlyto make permanent homes in the new country.A. suitB.adaptC. regulateD.coordinate30. A ______ to this problem is expected to be found before long.A. resultB. responseC. settlementD.solution31. Y ou have nothing to ______ by refusing to listen to our advice.A. gainB. graspC. seizeD. earn32. As a result of careless washing the jacket ______ to a child's size.A. compressedB. shrankC.droppedD. decreased33. He hoped the firm would ______ him to the Paris branch.A. exchangeB. transmitC. transferD. remove34. The lessons given by Mr. Smith are always_______and interesting.A. lovinglyB. lovelyC. livelyD. vividly35. Calculations, which are astronomically exact, have been made __________ with the use of computers.A. possibleB. it possibleC.possiblyD.to be possible36. He has so many inventions that he is really ______ Edison of ______Japan.A. an; theB. an;/C. the; theD. the; /37. Even though they ______side by side for twenty years, the two neighbors are not on good terms.A. have been livedB. had been livedC. had been livingD. have been living38. ______who she was, she said she was Mr. Johnson’s friend.A. askingB. askedC. to askD. when asking39. Y ou ______ the difficulties after I explain the whole thing to you.A. will be seenB. will have seenC. will seeD. see40. Not only I but Jane and Mary ______worn out after having one examination after another.A. isB. areC. paintingD. to be painted41. A survey of the opinions of students ______that they also admit several hours of sitting in front of the computer ______harmful for one’s health.A. show; areB. shows; isC. show; isD. shows; are42. By the time your plane lands tonight, I ______ at the airport for 3 hours.A. had waitedB. have been waitedC. had been waitingD. will have been waiting43. The room is in a terrible mess; it ______cleaned.A. can’t have beenB. shouldn’t have beenC. mustn’t have beenD. will have been waiting44. It is the third time I ______to the Palace Museum, and I still think it is marvelous.A. have goneB. goC. have beenD. will go45. All______you can do to comfort her is to listen to her story patiently.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. things46. The driver, rather than the passengers, ______responsible for the accident.A. areB. isC. beenD. have been47. Please make sure everything ------in its proper place before you leave the lab.A. should beB. isC. will beD. would48. Y ou can fly to London this morning______you don’t mind changing planes in Paris.A. providedB. exceptC. unlessD. so far as49. There is ______the fact that the assembly line has greatly improved productivity.A. not to denyB. not denyC. not denying D no denying50. He is not used to speaking to a stranger, ______to a large audience.A. much lessB. much moreC. no less than D still morePart III Reading ComprehensionDirections: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 4 tasks for you to fulfill. Y ou should read this materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed.Task 1In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome , testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working foradvanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates for the doctor's degree.Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same question, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers ,resembles a group of workers at an automobile factory. Generally, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines.One type of test is sometimes called an "objective" test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like correct answers to students who have not learned the material properly.51. In the Middle Ages students_________.A.took objective testsB.specialized in one subjectC.were timed by electric clocksD.never wrote exams52. The main idea of paragraph 3 is that_________.A.workers now take examinationB.the population has grownC.there are only written examsD.examinations are now written and timed53. The kind of exams where students must select answers are_________.A.personalB.spokenC.objectiveD.written54. Modern industry must have developed_________.A.before the Middle AgesB.around the 19th centuryC.in Greece or RomeD.machines to take tests55. It may be concluded that testing_________.A.should test only opinionsB.should always be writtenC.has changed since the Middle AgesD.is given only in factoriesTask 2Adam Smith was the first person to see the importance of the division of the labor. He gave us an example of the process by which pins were made in England."One man draws out the wire, another strengthens it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it, and a fifth gives it a head. Just to make the head requires two or three different operations. The work of making pins is divided into about eighteen differentoperations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them.Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4800 pins a worker. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, they certainly could not have made twenty pins in a day and not even one.There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this, but he also took it for granted that division of labor is itself responsible for economic growth and development and it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labor adds nothing new, it only enables people to produce more of what they already have.56.According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to__________A. take advantage of the physical laborB. introduce the division of labor into EnglandC. understand the effects of the division of laborD. explain the bad causes of the division of labor57.Adam Smith saw that the division of labor__________A. enabled each worker to design pins more quicklyB. increased the possible output per workerC. increased the number of people employed in factoriesD. improved the quality of pins produced58.Adam Smith mentioned the number 4800 in order to__________A. show the advantages of the old labor systemB. stress how powerful the individual worker wasC. show the advantages of the division of laborD. stress the importance of increased production59.According to the writer, Adam Smith's mistake was in believingthat the division of labor__________A. was an efficient way of organizing workB. was an important development in methods of productionC. finally led to economic developmentD. increased the production of existing goods60.According to the writer, which one of the following is NOT true?A. Division of labor can enable fewer people to make more pins.B. Division of labor helps people to produce more of what they already have.C. Division of labor is by no means responsible for economic growth.D. Division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work.Task 3A new poll shows that people believe that computers and the Internet have made life better for Americans, but people also see some dangers in the trend toward computerization.The poll found that the public favors some government protection fromcyber-problems, but in general people are not essentially concerned with issues such as information overload or the never-ending flow of phone calls, faxes and e-mails. A separate survey of children aged 10-17 shows that they have a more positive attitude about computers than adults do, and most have made use of up-to-date technology in their schools.The survey found that enthusiasms for computers and the Internet is found in all income groups, all regions of the country, all races, and most age groups. However, people over 60 and those toward the lower end of the income rank tend to show lower rates of computer ownership and Internet usage. The survey shows that “some kind of gap has been crossed: computers are part of everyday life for most Americans, and the Internet is close behind.”61.The first paragraph shows thatA. the new poll about computers and the Internet is helpfulB. people should explore the dangers of computerizationC. people can not do without computers and the InternetD. computerization has its advantages and disadvantages62.The word “enthusiasm” is closest in meaning toA. great loveB. great hatredC. problemD. advantage63.What are the Americans concerned about according to the poll?A. Age of children using the InternetB. Government protection from the Internet problemsC. Information overloadD. The flow of phone calls, faxes, and e-mails.64. American adults tend to than teenagers.A. care more about information overloadB. like using computers moreC. dislike using computers moreD. face less danger65. We can learn from the passage thatA. all the American children have used the latest technology in schoolsB. computers and the Internet are very popular with AmericansC. Americans tend to place more importance in the Internet usage than computersD. the public in America do not hate the Internet problemsTask 4Directions: After reading it, you should give brief answers below it (numbered 66 through 70). Y ou should write your answers briefly (in no more than 4 words) after the corresponding numbers.This autumn term, spring term, or academic year program offers advanced students an opportunity to improve their spoken and written Chinese, and to be familiar with a range of people and organizations that are helping to shape China’s relationship with the United States and the world. All students who take intermediate or advanced Chinese language may make a choice to participate in the Professional Development Program that includes guest lectures by Chinese and foreign professionals on areassuch as politics, foreign affairs, economics, trade, media, art, and culture. This program is supplemented (补充) by field trips and short journeys in and around Beijing.Housing and meals: Students live in the foreign students dormitories and take meals in the dormitory dining hall or local restaurants.Requirements: Two years of college-level Chinese and one Chinese studies course; graduate students accepted.Program Free: 2004 Autumn Term: $6, 995, 2005 Spring Term: 6, 995. Fees include tuition, housing and all meals, cultural activities, local journeys and field trips, insurance, and the International Student Identity Card.66．What language abilities will be improved if advanced students take part in the program?__________________________________ Chinese.67．Who will be guest speakers in the Professional Development Program?Both __________________________________.68．Where will the foreign students stay when they are in China?In __________________________________69．Apart from academic activities, what else will the foreign students do in this program?They will take__________________________________ and tour around Beijing. 70.How many requirements are there for one who wants to be accepted to the program?___________________________________.Part IV TranslationSection A Put the following into Chinese. ( 10 Points )71.In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written._________________________________________________________________ 72.Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development_________________________________________________________________ 73. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, they certainly could not have made twenty pins in a day and not even one._________________________________________________________________ 74. But he also took it for granted that division of labor is itself responsible for economic growth and development and it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still._________________________________________________________________ 75. A good many proposals were raised by the delegates as was to be expected_________________________________________________________________ Section B Put the following into Einglish. ( 10 Points )76.他下决心，不管遇到什么困难都要坚持做这项工作。
山东专升本英语-大纲词汇完整版
A级词汇Aabandon v.放弃absolute a.绝对的，完全的absorb v. 1. 吸收2. 吸引……的注意，使全神贯注abstract a.抽象的n.摘要，梗概abundant a. 丰富的，充裕的access n. 1. 接近，进入2. 通道have ~ to 有……的机会，有……的权利accommodation n.膳宿，住宿accompany v. 1. 陪伴，陪同2. 伴随，和……一起发生3. 为……伴奏accomplish v.完成，实现accumulate v.积累，积聚accurate a. 准确的，精确的accuse v. 1. 指责2. 指控~ ... of 指控……，控告……acknowledge v. 1. 承认2. 致谢acquire v.取得，获得，学到adapt v. 1. 使适应，使适合2. 改编，改写~ to/~ ... to 适应adequate a. 1. 充足的，足够的2. 适当的，胜任的adjective n.形容词admire v.钦佩，赞赏，羡慕admission n. 1. 准许进入2. 承认，供认adopt v. 1. 收养2. 采取，采纳，采用adventure n. 1. 冒险，冒险活动2. 奇遇afterward ad.后来，以后agency n.代理(处)，代办(处) agenda n. 1. 会议事项2. 议事日程agent n.代理人，代理商agriculture n.农业aircraft n. 飞机，飞行器alcohol n.酒精，乙醇allowance n. 津贴，补助alphabet n.字母表alter v.改变，变更ambassador n.大使ambition n. 1. 雄心，野心2. 热望3. 远大目标ambitious a.有雄心的，野心勃勃的amend v.修正，修订amuse v. 1. 逗乐，逗笑2. 给……提供娱乐analyze v.分析，分解ancestor n. 1. 祖先2. 先驱者anniversary n. 1. 周年2. 周年纪念annoy v. 使恼怒，使烦恼anticipate v. 1. 预期2. 希望anxiety n. 1. 忧虑，焦虑2. 渴望，热望apology n.道歉，认错apparent a. 1. 表面上的2. 显然的，明显的appeal n./ v.(to) 1. 恳请，呼吁2. 吸引3. 上诉appearance n. 1. 出现，露面2. 外观，外貌appendix n. 1. 附录2. 附属物appetite n. 1. 食欲，胃口2. 欲望，爱好appetizing a. 1. 开胃的2. 刺激欲望的applause v. 1. 鼓掌2. 欢呼appliance n. 1. 电器用具2. 装备applicant n.请求者，申请者appoint v. 1. 任命，委派2. 约定/指定(时间、地点)appointment n.约定/指定(时间、地点)approach v.靠近，接近n. 1. 接近2. 途径，入门3. 方式，方法appropriate a.适当的，恰当的approval n. 1. 赞成，同意2. 认可，批准arbitration n.仲裁，公断arouse v. 1. 引起，激起，唤起2. 唤醒arrow n. 1. 箭2. 箭头符号artificial a. 1. 人工的，人造的，人为的2. 假的，矫揉造作的assess v.对……进行评估，评价assign v. 1. (to)指派，选派2. 分配，布置(作业)3. 指定(时间、地点等)assignment n. 1. (分派的)任务2. 分配，指派assist v.帮助，协助associate v. 1. 把……联系在一起，联想2. 交往n.伙伴，合伙人a.副的~ with /~ ...with. 把……联系在一起，与……交往assume v. 1. 假定，假设2. 承担（责任）astonish v.使惊讶athlete n.运动员Atlantic a.大西洋的n.[the ~]大西洋attendant n.服务员a.伴随的，陪同的authorize v.授权，委托automobile/auto n.汽车avenue n.林荫道，大街await v.(人)等候，期待，(事件等)等待(处理) awful a. 1. 令人敬畏的，可怕的2. 极度的，极坏的awkward a. 1. 粗笨的，笨拙的2. 尴尬的，棘手的B2. 学士balance v. 1. 使平衡2. 称(重量)n. 1. 天平，称2. 平衡，均衡3. 结存，结欠keep one’s ~ 保持平衡banquet n.宴会，酒会barrier n. 1. 栅栏，屏障2. 障碍，障碍物bathe v. 1. [美]给……洗澡，用水清洗（尤指身体部位）2. 游泳battery n.电池(组)beast n.兽，野兽，牲畜behalf n.利益on ~ of 代表，为了behave v. 1. 举止，表现2. (机器等)运转bench n.长凳，长椅berth n.卧铺bet v.打赌，以……打赌，与……打赌n. 1. 打赌2. 赎金，赌注Bible n.圣经bid n./v.出价，投标biology n.生物学bite n./v.咬，叮blend v.混合n.混合物，掺合物bond n. 1. 联结，联系2.公债，债券bonus n.资金，额外酬金border n. 1. 边，边缘，界线2. 边界，边境v.与……接壤，毗邻bore v. 1. 使厌烦，使厌倦2. 钻(孔)，凿(井)，挖(通道)n.令人讨厌的人(或事)bound a. 1. 一定的，必然的2. 受约束的，有义务的3. (for, to)开往(或驶往)……的v.跳跃，弹回be ~ to 必定；一定2. 边界brand n.商标，(商品的)牌子v. 1. 打烙印于，以烙铁打(标记)2. 把……铭刻，铭刻于breathe v.呼吸brilliant a. 1. 光辉的，灿烂的2. 卓越的，杰出的broadcast n./v.广播，播放brochure n.小册子broker n.经纪人broom n.扫帚budget n.预算(表)v.编列预算bulletin n.公告，告示bureau n.局butter n.黄油，奶油v.涂黄油于……上Ccable n. 1. 索，缆2. 电缆3. 电报v.发电报café n.咖啡馆calculate v. 1. 计算，核算2. 计划，打算calendar n.日历，月历campaign n.战役，运动capacity n. 1. 容量，容积2. 能力captain n. 1. 上尉，队长2. 船长，舰长capture n./v.捕获，俘获carbon n.碳cargo n.船货，货物cart n.（两轮或四轮）运货马车，手推车cartoon n. 1. 卡通2. 草图cashier n.出纳员cassette n.盒式录音带cast v. 1. 投，扔，抛2. 浇铸，铸造casual a. 1. 随便的，非正式的2. 偶然的，碰巧的catalogue n.目录，目录簿(册)v. 1. 将……编入目录2. 将(书籍、资料等)编目分类cave n.洞穴，山洞CD/Compact Disc n.光盘cease n./v.停止，终止centigrade a. 1. 百分度的2. 摄氏的n.摄氏(温度计量)centimetre/centimeter n.厘米champagne n. 香槟酒characteristic a.特有的，典型的n.特性，特征chase n./v.追赶，追逐cheese n.乳酪；干酪chemical a.化学的n.化学制品chemist n.药剂师chest n. 1. 胸，胸腔2. 柜子，橱Christian n.基督教徒a.基督教的circumstance n. 1. 环境，条件，情况2. [pl.]境遇，状况circuit n. 1. 电路线路2. 环行，巡回citizen n. 1. 公民2. 市民，城镇居民civilization/civilisation n. 文明，文化clarify v.澄清，阐明classic n.[pl.]杰作，名著a.模范的，一流的classify v.把……分类，把……分级clause n.条款clerk n.职员client n. 1. 委托人2. 顾客clockwise a.顺时针方向的ad.顺时针方向地coke n. 1. 可口可乐2. 焦炭collar n. 1. 衣领，领子2. (狗等的)项圈colleague n.同事，同僚collection n. 1. 收集，采集2. 收藏品collective a. 集体的，共同的n.团体，集体column n. 1. 柱，圆柱；柱形物2. 栏，(报刊中的)专栏combination n. 1. 结合，联合2. 化合，化合物commercial a.商业的，商务的n.电视广告commission n. 1. 授权，委托2. 佣金，回扣3. 委员会commit v. 犯(罪)，干(坏事)(be) ~ted to 承诺，交付commodity n.商品commute v. 1. 每天往返上下班2. 定期往返3. 变换compact a. 1. 紧密的2. 坚定的3. 简洁的comparable a.可与……相比的，敌得上……的compatible a. 1. 相容的2. 谐调的3. 一致的compensate v. 1. 赔偿2. 报酬3. 抵补~ for弥补，补偿competent a.有能力的，胜任的competitive a.竞争的complaint n. 1. 抱怨，诉苦，怨言2. 控告，控诉complex a. 1. 综合的2. 复杂的n.综合体complicated a.复杂的，难懂的component n.(组)成(部)分，部件，元件composition n. 1. 构成，组成，成分2. 作文，作品，乐曲3. 写作，作曲compound a.复合的，化合的n.化合物，复合物comprise v. 1. 包含，包括，由……组成2. 构成，形成compromise n.妥协，折中办法concept n.概念，观念，思想conclusion n. 1. 结论，推论2. 结束，终结conference n.(正式)会议confess v.坦白，供认，承认confidential a.秘密的，不公开的confine v.限制，使局限~ to限定；把……禁闭conflict n./v.冲突，抵触，战斗conform v.(to)与……一致，符合confront v. 1. 面对2. 遭遇3. 对抗congress n. 1. 代表大会2. 国会，议会conservative a.保守的，守旧的，传统的n.保守的人，反对进步的人conserve v.保持considerate a.考虑周到的，体谅的consideration n. 1. 考虑2. 要考虑的事constraint n. 1. 强制2. 拘束3. 压迫感consul n.领事consulate n.领事馆consultant n. 1. 咨询者，求教者2. 顾问，专家consume v.消耗，花费consumer n.消费者，用户consumption n. 1. 消耗量，消费量2. 消耗，消费contest n.竞争，竞赛，比赛context n. 1. 上下文2. 某事之前后关系continent n.大陆，洲contradict v.同……矛盾，同……抵触contrast v. 1. 对比，对照2. 形成对比n.对比，对照in ~ to与……相比contribute v. 1. (to)捐献，捐助，贡献2. 投稿convert v.转变，转化~ into 改变，把……改成，兑换~ to转变成，使…改变conversion n.转变，转化，转换convey v. 1. 运送，输送，搬运2. 传送，传达，表达coordinate v.调节，协调copper n.铜copyright n.版权，著作权a.有版权的corporation n.公司correspondence n. 1. 通信，函电2. 相当correspondent n. 1. 通信者2. 通讯记者3. 有业务往来者corresponding a. 1. 相应的，相当的，对等的2. 符合的，一致的，相同的council n.委员会，理事会courteous a.有礼貌的craft n. 1. 手艺，技艺2. 船，航空器，航天器crazy a. 1. 发疯的，荒唐的2. (about)狂热爱好的，着迷的creature n.生物，动物，人credit n. 1. 信用贷款2. 信用，信誉3. 荣誉，赞扬，功劳4.学分v.记入贷方crew n.全体船员，全体机组人员，一队(或一班、一组)工作人员criminal n.罪犯，犯人a.犯罪的，刑事的crucial a. 1. 极重要的2. 严重的crude a. 1. 简陋的，粗糙的2. 天然的，未加工的3. 粗鲁的，粗俗的crystal n. 1. 水晶，石英晶体2. 晶粒a.清澈透明的，水晶制的，晶体的cube n. 1. 立方形，立方体2. 立方，三次幂currency n. 1. 通货，货币2. 流通，通用curse n./v.诅咒，咒骂cursor n.光标curve n.曲线，弧线，弯曲v.(使)弯曲，(使)成曲线cushion n.垫子，坐垫Ddamp a.潮湿的n.潮湿，湿气dash v. 1. 猛冲，飞奔2. 猛掷n. 1. 猛冲，突进2. 破折号data n.[datum的复数]数据，资料dealer n.商人；贩子debate n./v.辩论，争论，讨论decay v. 1. 腐烂，腐朽2. 衰败，衰退，衰落n. 1. 腐烂，腐朽2. 衰败(或衰退)状态deceive v.欺骗，蒙骗decorate v.装饰，装璜deed n. 1. 行为，行动2. 功绩3. 契约defence/defense n. 1. 防御；保卫2. 防御物3. 辩护，答辩4.[pl.]防务，防御工事definition n.定义，释义delegate n. 1. 代表2. 委员v. 1. 授权2. 委托3. 委派delete v.取消，删除deliberately ad. 1. 深思熟虑地2. 有目的地delivery n.交付，递送democracy n. 1. 民主2. 民主国家demonstrate v. 1. 论证，证明2. 演示，显示，说明3. 示威dense a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的density n. 1. 密集，稠密2. 密度dependent a.(on/upon)依靠的，依赖的deposit v. 1. 使沉淀，使沉积2. 存放，寄存3. 储蓄4.交押金n. 1. 沉积，沉积物2. 定钱，押金depress v. 1. 使沮丧，使消沉2. 按下，降低depth n. 1. 深度2. (感情的)深厚，深切in ~深入地derive v. 1. 取得，得到2. 追溯……的起源(或来由)deserve v.应受，值得desirable a. 1. 值得向往的，值得拥有的2. 称心的，合意的despair n.绝望v.(of) 绝望dessert n.餐后甜食，甜点destination n. 1. 目标地，终点2. 目标，目的destruction n. 1. 破坏，毁灭2. 消灭determination n.决心，决定diagnose v.诊断diagram n.图解，简图，图表dialect n.方言，土语，地方话diameter n.直径diamond n. 1. 钻石，金钢石2. 菱形dig v.掘，挖~ out挖出……；找出……digest v.消化n.摘要，文摘digital a.数字的，数字显示的dim a. 1. 昏暗的2. 朦胧的，模糊不清的dimension n. 1. 尺寸，长(宽，厚，深)度2. (常作[pl.])面积，大小，规模diplomat n.外交官dirt n.尘，土，污垢disadvantage n.不利地位，不利条件，缺点disaster n.灾难，大祸disc/disk n.圆盘，唱片，磁盘discharge v. 1. 允许……离开，释放2. 排除，放出3. 卸货n. 1. 获准离开，释放2. 排除discipline n. 1. 纪律2. 训练，训导v. 1. 训练，训导2. 惩罚disclose v. 1. 揭开2. 揭发3. 露出disconnect v. 1. 断绝(开)2. 使脱离discount n. 1. 折扣2. 贴现discourage v.使泄气，使灰心discovery n.发现disgust n.厌恶v.使厌恶disgusting a. 令人厌恶的dispose v. 1. (of)去掉，丢掉，消除，销毁2. 排列，布置3. 安排(事情)，处理(事务)dispute v.争论，争吵n.争论，争端，争吵distinct a. 1. (from)截然不同的2. 清楚的，明显的distinction n. 1. 差别，不同，对比2. 区分，辨别distinguish v.(from)区别，辨别，分清distort v. 1. 歪曲，扭曲2. 使变形district n.区，地区，行政区divorce n./v.离婚，分离domestic a. 1. 本国的，国内的2. 家(庭)的，家用的3. 驯养的dominate v. 1. 支配2. 统治3. 管辖dorm(itory) n. (集体)宿舍dose n.(一次)剂量，一剂，一服dot n.点，圆点v. 1. 加点2. 点缀，散布draft n.草稿，草案，草图v.起草，草拟dramatic a. 1. 引人注目的，给人深刻印象的2. 戏剧性的n.[pl.]表演，演戏drift v.(使)漂流n.漂流drill n. 1. 钻头，钻床2. 操练，演习v. 1. 钻(孔)2. 操练due a. 1. 预定的，应到的2. 应给的，应得的3. 应有的，适当的4.应付的，到期的~ to由于，因为dumb a. 1. 哑的2. 无言的，沉默的duplicate a. 1. 完全相同的2. 副本的v.加倍，复制n. 1. 副本2. 相同的东西durable a.持久的，耐用的duration n.持续，持久dusk n.薄暮，黄昏dynamic(al) a. 1. 动力的，动态的2. 力学的，动力学的3. 充满活力的Eearnest a.认真的，诚恳的echo n.回声，回响v.发出回声，共鸣elaborate a. 1. 复杂的2. 精心制作的，详尽的v. 1. (on)详尽阐述，发挥2. 变得复杂election n.选举electronic a.电子的elementary a. 1. 基本的2. 初级的，基础的elevator n.电梯eliminate v. 1. 消除，根除2. 排除，淘汰embarrass v.使窘迫，使为难embassy n.大使馆emerge v. 1. (from)浮现，出现，出来2. (问题、困难等)发生，显露；(事实、意见等)暴露，被知晓emergency n.紧急情况，不测事件，非常时刻emperor n.皇帝emphasis n.强调，重点empire n.帝国endure v. 1. 忍受，忍耐2. 持久，持续engage v. 1. (使)从事于，(使)忙于2. 吸引，占用(时间、精力等)3. 雇用，聘用4.使订婚~ in从事……；使……参加enhance v. 1. 增加2. 提高enormous a.巨大的，宠大的enterprise n.企业enthusiasm n.热情，热心equivalent a. 1. 相等的，相当的2. 等量的，等值的n相等物(be) ~ to相当于，与……等同era n.时代，纪元estate n. 1. 财产2. 地产evaluate v. 1. 估量，定价2. 评价，鉴定evident a.明显的，明白的evil n. 1. 邪恶，罪恶2. 祸害a.邪恶的，坏的，罪恶的evolution n. 1. 演变，演化，进化2. 进展，发展exceed v.超过，胜过exception n.例外with the ~ of 除……之外without ~无一例外excess n. 1. 超越，超过2. 过量，过剩，过度a.过量的，额外的，附加的excessive a.过量的，额外的，附加的exclude v.把……排斥在外，排除(可能性) execute v. 1. 处死，处决2. 实施，执行executive n.执行者，行政官a.执行的，行政的exert v. 1. 运用，行使，发挥，施加2. 用(力)，尽(力)exhaust v. 1. 使精疲力尽2. 用尽，耗尽n. 1. 排气装置2. 废气expectation n.期待，预料expenditure n. 1. 消费2. 费用exploit v. 1. 剥削2. 利用3. 开拓，开发，开采explore v. 1. 探险，勘探2. 探索，探究exposure n. 暴露，揭露，曝光extensive a.广阔的，广泛的extraordinary a.非常的，特别的，非凡的Ffaculty n. 1. 才能，能力2. (大学的)系，科，院3. (某一专门职业的)全体从业人员fade v. 1. (使)褪色2. 衰退；(声音、光线等)变微弱fancy n. 1. 想象力，幻想力2. 设想，幻想3. 爱好，迷恋a. 1. 根据想象的，空想出来的2. 花式的，花俏的3. 奇特的，异样的v. 1. 想象，设想2. 相信，猜想3. 喜爱，爱好fatal a. 1. 命运的，命中注定的，宿命的2. 致命的，毁灭性的fatigue n.疲劳，劳累feasible a.可行的，可能的，可用的feedback n.反馈，反应fence n.栅栏，围栏，篱笆festive a.节日的，欢乐的fetch v. 1. (去)拿来2. 请来fiber/fibre n.纤维filter v.过滤n.过滤器finance n.财政，金融financial a.财政的，金融的flavour n.风味forbid v.不许，禁止format n.(常)版式v.格式化formula n.公式fortnight n.两星期fortunate a.幸运的，侥幸的foundation n. 1. 基础2. [pl.]地基3. 建立，设立，创办4.基金会5根据fountain n.喷泉frame n. 1. 框子，框架2. 构架v.框住framework n. 1. 框架，构架，结构2. 体系frustrate v. 1. 使受挫2. 破坏3. 使挫败fuel n.燃料v.给……加燃料(油)fundamental a.基本的，根本的，基础的n.[pl.]基本原则，基本原理funeral n.葬礼，丧礼Ggene n.基因generate v. 1. 使产生，使发生2. 引起generous a. 1. 慷慨的，大方的2. 宽厚的，宽宏大量的genius n. 1. 天才，天赋2. 天才人物geometry n.几何(学)ghost n.鬼魂，幽灵glorious a. 1. 壮丽的，辉煌的2. 光荣的glove n.手套goods n.货物，商品gradual a.逐渐的，逐步的grain n. 1. 谷粒，谷物2. 颗粒，细粒gram(me) n.克grand a. 1. 宏伟的，壮丽的2. 重大的，主要的3. 豪华的graph n.图表，曲线图graphic a. 1. 图的2. 生动的gratitude n.感激，感谢grocer n.食品杂货商gross a. 1. 总的，毛的2. 严重的，显著的guarantee v.保证，担保gym(nasium) n.体育馆，健身房Hhalt n./v.停住，停止heading n.标题headquarters n. 1. 司令部，指挥部2. 总部heaven n.天堂，天国hence ad. 1. 因此，所以2. 今后，从此heroic a.英雄的；英勇的highlight v. 1. 以强烈光线照射2. 强调n. 1. 最明亮的部分2. 最重要的部分hint n. 1. 暗示，示意2. [pl.]建议，提示hi-tech a.高技术的，高科技的hono(u)rable a.诚实的，正直的，尊敬的horsepower n.马力hospitable a.好客的hostile a.敌对的，敌意的，不友善的humble a. 1. 谦逊的，谦虚的2. 地位(或身份)低下的3. 恭顺的Iidentical a.相同的；相等的identification n. 1. 识别，鉴别2. 身份idle a. 1. 空闲的，闲着的2. 懒散的，无所事事的v.虚度，懒散，无所事事illustrate v. 1. 说明，阐明2. 给……作插图说明illustration n. 1. 说明，图解2. 例证，插图imitation n.模仿，仿效immigrant n.移民，侨民immigrate a.(从国外)移来的，移民的implication n.含义，暗示，暗指impose v. 1. 把……强加于2. 征(税等)incident n. 1. 发生的事2. 事件，事变incline v. 1. (使)倾斜2. (使)倾向于n.斜坡，斜面inclusive a.包括的，包括一切的index n. 1. 索引2. 指数，指标v.为……编索引，把……编入索引India n.印度Indian a. 1. 印度的，印度人的2. 印第安人的n. 1. 印度人2. 印第安人3. 印第安语indicate v. 1. 标示，指示，指出2. 表明，暗示individual a. 1. 个别的，单独的2. 独特的n.个人，个体induce v. 1. 说服2. 劝诱inevitable a.不可避免的，必然(发生)的infect v.传染，感染infectious a.感染的，传染的infer v.推论，推断inference n.推论，推断inferior a.(等级、身份等)低下的，下级的infinite a.无限的，无穷的，无边无际的initial a.开始的，最初的n.首字母initiative n. 1. 主动性2. 首创精神injection n.注射，注入inner a. 1. 内部的，里面的2. 内心的innocent a. 1. (of)清白的，无罪的2. 幼稚的，无知的3. 无害的，没有恶意的insect n.昆虫，虫insert v. 1. 插入，嵌入2. 刊登n.嵌入物insight n.洞察力，领悟inspection n.检查，调查inspire v. 1. 鼓舞2. 激起3. 给……以灵感install v.安装(机器、设备等) installment n.(分期付款的)一期付款instance n.例子，实例，事例for ~例如instinct n. 1. 本能，天性2. 直觉institution n. 1. 设立，制定2. (学校、医院等)公共(社会福利)机构；学会，协会insult v.侮辱，辱骂n.侮辱，凌辱insurance n.保险，保险金，保险费integrate v. 1. 合而为一，使一体化2. (使)综合intellectual n.知识分子a.智力的，理智的intelligence n. 1. 智力，智慧2. 情报，消息intelligent a.聪明的，明智的interact v.相互作用，相互影响interaction n.相互作用，相互影响interfere v.(with, in) 1. 干涉，介入2. 妨碍，干扰interference n. 1. 干涉，介入2. 阻碍，干扰interior a. 1. 内部的2. 内地的，国内的n. 1. 内部2. 内地intermediate a.中间的，居中的interpretation n. 1. 解释，说明2. 口译，翻译interval n. 1. 间隔，间距2. 幕间(或工间)休息invade v. 1. 侵入，侵略2. 侵犯3. 侵袭investigate v.调查，调查研究investigation n.调查investment n.投资，投资额invisible a.看不见的，无形的invoice n.发票，发货单irrevocable a. 1. 无法挽回的2. 不能撤销的Italy n.意大利itinerary n.旅行指南Jjuice n.(水果、蔬菜、肉等的)汁，果汁KKaraoke n.卡拉OKLlabel n.标签，标记v. 1. 贴标签于2. 把……称为lag v.走得慢，落后n.落后，滞后lane n. 1. (都市的)胡同2. 车道laughter n.笑，笑声launch v. 1. 发射，投射2. 使(船)下水3. 发动，发起n.发射，(船)下水layout n.安排，设计，布局，陈设leak v. 1. 漏，渗2. 泄露，走漏n. 1. 漏洞，裂缝2. 泄漏，漏出量lean v. 1. 斜，倾斜2. 靠，屈身3. 依靠，倚leap v.跳，跃n. 1. 踊跃2. 飞跃，跃进liable a. 1. 易于……的，有……倾向的2. 可能的liberate v. 1. 解放，使获自由2. 释出，放出liberation n.解放liberty n. 1. 自由2. 许可，准许3. 冒昧litre/liter n.升load v.装，装载，装货n.负荷，负担，装载量loaf n.一个(面包)loan n. 1. 贷款2. 暂借v.借出，贷予log n.原木，木料logic n.逻辑(学)，逻辑性logical a.逻辑的；符合逻辑的lorry n.[英]运货汽车，卡车Mmadam n.夫人magic n.魔法，魔术a.有魔力的，魔术的magnificent a.壮丽的，宏伟的maintain v. 1. 维持，保持2. 维修，保养3. 坚持，主张maintenance n. 1. 维持，保持2. 维修，保养3. 坚持，主张management n.管理manual a.手工的，体力的n.手册，指南margin n. 1. 页边空白，边缘2. 余地，余裕marvel(l)ous a.奇迹般的，惊人的，了不起的mask n. 1. 面具，面罩，口罩2. 假面具，伪装v. 1. 戴面具，化装2. 掩饰，伪装mature a. 1. 成熟的2. 成年人的v.(使)成熟maximize v. 1. 使达最大或最高限度2. 充分重视maximum n.最大限度，最大量，顶点a.最高的，最大的mechanism n. 1. 机械装置2. 机制medium a.中等的，适中的n. 1. 媒介物，传导体2. 中间，适中memo/memorandum n.备忘录memorial a.纪念的，追悼的n.纪念碑，纪念堂，纪念仪式merchant n.商人，零售商mercy n.慈悲，仁慈，宽容at the ~ of在……支配下merely ad.仅仅，只不过merit n.优点microscope n. 显微镜millimetre/millimeter n.毫米minimum n.最低限度，最少量a.最低的，最小的minister n.部长，大臣minor a. 1. 较小的，较少的2. 较次要的minority n. 1. 少数2. 少数派3. 少数民族minus a.负的，负面的prep.减(去)miserable a.痛苦的，悲惨的，可怜的mission n. 1. 使命，任务2. 代表团，使团mixture n. 1. 混合2. 混合物mobile a. 1. 移动式的，活动的2. 流动的，机动的mode n.方式，样式moderate a. 1. 温和的，稳健的2. 有节制的，适度的modification n. 1. 修改2. 修饰3. 减少，缓和modify n. 1. 缓和，减轻2. 修改，更正3. (语法上)修饰moisture n.潮湿，潮气monument n.纪念碑mood n. 1. 心情，情绪2. 语气moral a. 1. 道德(上)的2. 有道德的n.寓意mortgage n.抵押贷款motion n. 1. [物体的]运动2. 手势，眼色，示意动作3. 提议，动议v.向……打手势，示意motivate v. 1. 使有动机，激起2. 激发……的积极性motive n.动机，目的multiple a.复合的，多样的，多重的，多部的n.倍数multiply v. 1. 增加，繁殖2. 乘，使相乘municipal a. 1. 都市的2. 市政的Nnail n. 1. 钉子，钉状物2. 指甲，爪v.钉，钉牢navigation n. 1. 航海术，航空术2. 航海，航空，导航，领航navy n.海军necessity n. 1. 必要(性)，(迫切)需要2. 必需品negotiate v. 1. 商定2. 谈判nest n.巢，窝neutral a. 1. 中立的2. 中性的nonsense n.胡说，废话nuclear a. 1. 核子的，核能的，核武器的2. 核心的，中心的numerous a.众多的，许多的Oobjection n.反对，异议obligation n.义务，职责oblige v. 1. 迫使2. 施恩惠于，帮……的忙3. 使感激occasion n. 1. 时刻，时候，场合2. 重大(或特殊)活动，盛会3. 时机，机会occasional a.偶尔的，间或发生的offence n.冒犯，得罪，违反opponent n.敌手，对手，反对者optimal a. 1. 最佳的2. 最理想的oral a. 1. 口头的2. 口的，口用的orient n.东方a. 1. 东方的2. 珍贵的v.定方位orientation n. 1. 东方2. 方位origin n. 1. 起源，来源，起因2. [常pl.]出身，血统original a. 1. 起初的，原来的2. 独创的，新颖的outlet n. 1. 出路，出口2. 电源插座outlook n. 1. 观点，见解2. 展望，前景overload n.超载，过载v.使超载overlook v. 1. 俯瞰，眺望2. 看漏，忽略3. 宽容overweight n.超重ownership n.所有(权)，所有制ox n.牛Ppacket v.打包；打行李n.包；捆；行李palm n.手掌，掌状物pamphlet n.小册子panel n. 1. 专门小组2. 面，板3. 控制板，仪表盘parallel n. 1. 可相比拟的事物，相似处2. 平行线，平行面parameter n.参数parcel n.包裹parliament n.议会，国会participant n.参考者，参加者passion n. 1. 激情，热情2. 酷暑paste n.糊，浆糊v.粘，贴perceive v. 1. 察觉，感知2. 认识到，意识到，理解permanent a.永久(性)的，固定(性)的permissible a.可允许的，可原谅的permission n.允许，许可，准许permit v.允许，许可，准许n.许可证，执照persist v. 1. (in)坚持不懈，执意2. 持续，存留phase n. 1. 阶段，时期2. 面，方面philosophy n. 1. 哲学，人生哲学2. 主旨pioneer n. 1. 先驱者2. 开拓者platform n. 1. 台，平台，讲台2. 站台，月台plentiful a.丰富的，多的plot n. 1. (秘密)计划，密谋2. 情节3. 小块地皮，小块土地v. 1. 密谋，计划2. 绘制，标绘poll n. 1. 民意测验2. 投票3. (选票)计数pollution n.污染pond n.池塘porcelain n.瓷器portable a.便于携带的，手提式的，轻便的portion n.一部分，一份pose n.姿势v.摆姿势postage n.邮资poster n.海报，标语potential a.潜在的，可能的n.潜力，潜能pray v. 1. 请求，恳求2. 祈祷，祈求precaution n.预防，防备，警惕preceding a.在先的，在前的，前面的precious a.珍贵的，贵重的precise a.精确的，准确的predetermine v.预先决定preference n. 1. 更加喜爱，偏爱2. 优先(权)prejudice n.偏见，成见preliminary a.预备的，初步的preposition n.介词prescribe v.指示；处方prescription n. 1. 指示2. 处方presence n. 1. 出席，在场2. (某物的)存在preserve v. 1. 保护，维持2. 保存，保藏3. 腌渍prevail v. 1. 流行，盛行2. (over)获胜，占优势prime a. 1. 首要的，主要的2. 最好的，第一流的n. 1. 青春，壮年2. 全盛时期primitive a. 1. 原始的，早期的2. 简单的，粗糙的prior a. 1. (时间、顺序)在前的，在先的2. 比……重要的/优先的~ to在……之前priority n. 1. 优先2. 在前procession n.队伍，行列profession n.职业professional a.职业的，专业的n.自由职业者，专业人员proficient a. 1. 精通的2. 熟练的progressive a. 1. 进步的，先进的2. 前进的promote v. 1. 促进，发扬2. 提升，提拔3. 增进，助长prompt v.促使，推动a.敏捷的，及时的，迅速的proportion n. 1. 比例2. 部分，份儿3. 均衡，相称in ~ to（与……）成比例prospectus n. 1. 招生简章2. 厂商介绍prosperity n.兴旺，繁荣prosperous a.繁荣的，昌盛的protest n./v.抗议，反对provision n. 1. 供应2. (for，against)准备，预备3. 条款，规定4.[pl.]给养，口粮psychological a.心理的，心理学的publication n. 1. 出版物2. 出版，发行3. 公布，发表punctual a.准时的，正点的pursue v. 1. 追赶，追踪2. 追求，从事Qquarantine n.检疫Rrandom a. 1. 随便的2. 无目的的range n. 1. 幅度，范围2. 距离3. 一系列4.(山)脉v. 1. 排列成行2. 延伸，绵亘3. (在某范围内)变动，变化rank n. 1. 军衔2. 地位，社会阶层3. 排，横列v. 1. 分等级，把……分类2. 列入ratio n.比，比率raw a. 1. 未煮过的，生的2. 未加工过的3. 生疏无知的，未经训练的realistic a.现实(主义)的receipt n. 1. 收据，收条2. 收到，接到receptionist n.招待员recognition n. 1. 认出，识别2. 承认refine v.精练，精制，提纯reflection n. 1. 映像，倒影2. 反省，沉思refresh v.(使)精神振作，(使)精力恢复refreshment n.[pl.]点心，饮料refundable a.可归还的，可偿还的regardless a.不留心的，不注意的ad.无论如何，不管怎样~ of不管，不顾regulate v. 1. 使有条理/秩序，整顿2. 调整，调节regulation n. 1. 规章，规则2. 管理，控制3. 调整，调节reinforce v.增强release v. 1. 释放，解放2. 发表，发行relieve v. 1. 减轻，解除2. 援救，救济reluctant a.不情愿的，勉强的remedy n. 1. 补救方法，治疗措施2. 药品v. 1. 纠正，补救2. 治疗，医治remote a.遥远的，偏僻的，疏远的represent v. 1. 描述，表示2. 代表，代理3. 象征，体现representative n.代表，代理人a.(of)典型的，有代表性的reputation n.名气，名声，名望rescue n./v.营救，援救resemble v.像，类似reserve v. 1. 保留，储备2. 预定，预约n.储备(物)，储藏量，储备金reset v.重放，重调residence n.住宅，住处resident n.居民，定居者a.居住的resolution n. 1. 决心，决定2. 坚定，刚毅3. 解决resort n.胜地respective a.各自的，各个的respectively ad. 1. 分别地2. 各自地restrain v. 1. 抑制，遏制2. 阻止，控制retain v.保持，保留retreat v.撤退，退却reveal v. 1. 展现，显示，揭示2. 揭露，泄露，透露reverse v.颠倒，倒转n. 1. 相反，反转，颠倒2. 背面，后面a.相反的，倒转的revise v. 1. 修订，订正，校正2. 复习rival n.竞争对手，敌手a.竞争的v.与……竞争roast v.烤，炙，烘rob v. 1. 抢劫，盗取2. 非法剥夺route n.路，路线routine a.例行的，日常的，常规的n.例行公事，惯例，惯常的程序row n.一排，一行v.划(船)，荡桨royal a.王室的，皇家的Ssalutation n.称呼语satellite n.卫星，人造卫星scarce a. 1. 缺乏的，不足的2. 稀少的，罕见的scarcely ad.几乎不，简直没有，勉强scare n.惊恐，恐慌v.惊吓，受惊，使恐惧scatter v. 1. 散开，驱散2. 撒，撒播scenery n. 1. 风景，景色2. 舞台布景scenic a.景色好的scheme n. 1. 计划，方案2. 阴谋3. 系统，组合，配合scholarship n. 1. 奖学金2. 学问，学识screw n.螺旋，螺丝(钉)v.拧，拧紧seal n. 1. 封印2. 图章v.密封section n. 1. 章节2. 部分3. 部门，科4.截面，剖面secure a.安全的，牢固的，可靠的v.使安全，保卫security n.安全selection n. 1. 选择，挑选2. 选集，精品选selective a.选择的，有选择能力的semester n.学期seminar n.学术讨论会senate n.参议院，上院senior a. 1. 较年长的，年高的2. 资格较老的，地位较高的，高年级的sensible a.明智的，合情合理的sequence n. 1. 连续，接续，一连串2. 次序，顺序servant n.仆人settlement n. 1. 解决，协议2. 居留地severe a. 1. 严厉的，严格的2. 严峻的，艰难的shallow a. 1. 浅的2. 浅薄的n.[常pl.]浅滩，浅水处shareholder n.股东shave v.剃，刮，刨n.刮脸，修面shelter n. 1. 掩蔽处，躲避处2. 掩蔽，保护v.掩蔽，躲避，庇护shipment n.装船，装运shock n. 1. 震动，冲击2. 电击，触电3. 震惊，令人震惊的事v. 1. (使)震动2. (使)震惊sightseeing n.观光，游览signature n.签名，署名，签字significance n. 1. 意思，含义2. 重要性，重大simultaneous a.同时的sincere a.诚实的，真诚的sincerely ad.由衷地，真心地singular a. 1. 单数的2. 非凡的，突出的3. 独一的，唯一的sink v.(使)下沉，下落n.水槽，水池skate n.冰鞋v.溜冰，滑冰sketch n. 1. 素描，速写2. 略图，草图3. 概述，纲要v.素描，速写，画草图sleeve n.袖子slice n. 1. 薄片，切片2. 一份，部分v.把……切成片slide v.(使)滑动，(使)滑行n. 1. 滑道2. 滑行，滑动3. 幻灯片slight a. 1. 轻微的，微小的2. 纤细的，瘦弱的slope n. 1. 斜坡，斜面2. 倾斜，斜度v.(使)倾斜smuggle v.走私snack n. 1. 小吃2. 快餐sophisticated a. 1. 老于世故的，老练的2. 精密的，尖端的souvenir n.纪念品spacecraft n.航天器，宇宙飞船span n. 1. 一段时间2. 跨距，跨度specialist n.专家specialize v. 1. 专攻，专门从事2. 专门化，专营specification n. 1. 详细说明2. [常pl.]规格，规范specimen n.样本，样品spectator n.观众sphere n. 1. 球(体)2. 范围，领域spill v.(使)溢出，(使)洒落spirit n. 1. 精神，心灵2. 勇气，志气3. [pl.]情绪，心情4.[pl.]酒精，烈酒splendid a. 1. 灿烂的，壮丽的，辉煌的2. 极好的split v. 1. 切开，劈开，撕裂2. 分裂，分离sponsor v. 1. 发起，主办2. 倡议，赞助n.发起者，主办者staff n.全体职员，全体人员v.为……配备人员stain n. 污点，污迹v.染污，给……着色starve v.(使)挨饿，(使)饿死statistics n.统计(学)；统计数字statue n.塑像，雕像status n.地位，身份steady a. 1. 稳的，稳定的，不变的2. 坚定的，镇定的v.(使)稳定，(使)固定steep a.陡峭的，陡直的stereo n.立体声stereotype n.陈规，陈见stiff a. 1. 硬的，僵直的2. 拘谨的，生硬的stimulate v.刺激，激励stipulate v.记明，规定strategy n.战略，策略stretch v.拉伸，伸展n.伸展，扩张stuff n.原料，材料，东西，物品v.把……塞满，把……塞进submission n. 1. 服从2. (文件等)提交submit v. 1. (使)服从；(使)屈服2. 呈交，提交substance n. 1. 物质，材料2. 实质，本质3. 要旨，实质性的东西substantial a. 1. 可观的，大量的2. 牢固的，坚实的，结实的3. 实在的sunlight n.阳光，日光superficial a. 1. 肤浅的，浅薄的2. 表面的，外表的superior a. 1. 较好的，优良的2. 较多的，较大的3. 较高的，上级的，有优越感的supplement v.增补，补充n. 1. 增补(物)，补充(物)2. (报刊等的)增刊，副刊surgery n.外科suspect v.怀疑，疑有n.嫌疑犯，可疑分子suspicion n.怀疑，涉嫌suspicious a.怀疑的sweater n.运动衣，套头衫，毛衣swing v. 1. 摇摆，摇荡，挥动2. 转身，转向n. 1. 秋千2. 摇摆，摆动，挥动switch n. 1. 开关，电闸2. 转变，转换v.转变，转换~ off关掉~ on开启sword n.剑，刀symphony n.交响乐symptom n.症状synthetic a. 1. 合成的，人造的2. 综合(性)的systematic a.系统的Ttablet n.药片tackle n.用具v.解决，处理target n. 1. 靶子2. 目标，对象tax n. 1. 税(款)2. 负担v.对……征税telescope n.望远镜teller n.(银行的)出纳员temper n.脾气，情绪lose one’s ~ 发怒，发脾气tempt v. 1. 吸引，引起……的兴趣2. 引诱，诱惑tender a. 1. 温柔的2. 嫩的，平和的3. 脆弱的，敏感的terminal n. 1. 终点(站)，末端2. 终端a.末端的，终点的，极限的territory n. 1. 领土，版图2. 领域，范围thoughtful a. 1. 沉思的，思考的2. 体贴的，关心的thread n. 1. 线，细丝2. 线索，思路v. 1. 穿(针、线等)2. 穿过，通过threat n. 1. 威胁，恐吓2. 凶兆，征兆threaten v. 1. 威胁，恐吓2. 预示(危险)快要来临，是……的征兆thumb n.拇指thunder n. 1. 雷，雷声2. 雷鸣般响声，轰隆声v.打雷，轰隆响tip n. 1. 末端，尖端2. 小费v. 1. 给小费2. 轻触，轻碰tissue n. 1. (生物的)组织2. 薄的织物，薄纱，薄纸tone n. 1. 腔调，语气2. 音，音调，声调3. 风气，气氛4.色调torch n. 1. 火炬，火把2. 手电筒tough a. 1. 强壮的，坚强的，能吃苦耐劳的2. (肉等食物)老的3. 坚韧的，牢固的4.困难的，艰苦的trace n.足迹，形迹v.追踪，探索track n. 1. 跑道，小路，轨道2. 足迹，踪迹v.跟踪，追踪keep ~ of跟踪，保持联系；记录~ down追捕……；追究，查明transaction n.交易transform v. 1. (使)变形，(使)转变2. 改造，改善，改革transit n.通行，运输transparent a. 1. 透明的2. 显然的，显明的trap n.陷阱，圈套v.诱捕，使中圈套tray n.盘，托盘，碟treasure n. 1. 金银财宝，财富2. 珍品，珍藏品v.珍爱，珍视，珍藏treat v. 1. 对待，看待2. 处理3. 医疗，医治4.款待，请(客)treaty n.条约，协定tremendous a. 巨大的，极大的，非常的trial n. 1. 讯问，审讯2. 试用，试验troop n. 1. [常pl.]军队，部队2. 一群，一队，(一)大批tube n. 1. 管，软管2. 地铁3. 电子管，显像管tuition n.学费tune n. 1. 曲调，曲子2. 和谐，协调~ in调谐，收听tunnel n.隧道，地道tutor n. 1. 教师2. (大学的)导师twin n.孪生儿之一，两个非常相像的人或物之一a. 1. 孪生的2. 成双的twist n./v. 1. 捻，搓2. 扭，拧3. 扭转，扭弯Uultimate a. 1. 最后的，最终的2. 根本的，基本的undo v. 1. 解开，松开2. 取消，消除union n. 1. 工会，协会，联盟2. 结合，联合，合并unique a. 1. 惟一的2. 独特的，独一无二的universal a. 1. 普遍的，全体的，共同的2. 通用的，万能的unprecedented a.空前的，无前例的utility n. 1. 功用，效用2. 公用事业utilize v.利用Vvacation n.休假，假期valid a. 1. 有效的2. 有根据的validity n. 1. 确实性2. 效力valley n. 1. 山谷，溪谷2. 流域vanish v.消失，逐渐消散。
山东专升本英语必背短语
[内部资料]山东专升本英语230个核心短语1. Able ability enable capable be able to do能够做…have the ability to do能够做，有能力做…:He has the ability to make very good boat.enable sb to do使…能做…:Internet has enabled us to get information from all over the world.Be capable of能够做…: He is capable of drawing oil painting.He is able to read and write in English.2. Absent 反义词：present3. Abroad国外，海外: live ~ go ~Many young people are eager to go abroad to study.4. Access: 入口，途径；机会，权利。
Have access to sthCitizens in the town all have access to the books in the local（当地的）library.5. Absorb 吸收be absorbed in全神贯注于…All the students are absorbed in Professor’s lecture on China’s economy.6. Accept接受receive收到（不一定接受）She received a gift from him, but she didn’t accept it.7. By accident=by chance 偶然地on purpose 故意地8. According to 根据According to the article, environmental pollution has been taken under control.9. Take… into account=take… into consideration 把…考虑在内I hope my teacher will take into account my illness when he grades our test paper.Account 描述She gave an account of what he saw in China.10. Accuse sb of sth = charge sb with(for) sth 指责… 做了…；指控… 犯了…He was accused of robbing the bank and sentenced ten years in gail.His mother charged him with being lazy.11. Be accustomed to = be used to 习惯于后接sth或doing sthused to 过去有过去常常后接do sthMr. Smith is not used/accustomed to driving on the right.I’m already used to the life here.There used to be a house near the river.He used to get up while he was in the middle school.12. Achieve 获得，达到You will achieve nothing if you waste your time this way.13. Adapt=adjust 适应~ adopt 收养；采用You should adapt to college life as soon as possible.He adjusted himself very quickly to the weather in the country.14. Add to 增添add up to 总计达15. In addition(to)=besides 此外In order to master a foreign language, we should learn some grammar. In addition, we’d better learn some words.16. Adequate=enough17. Admit 承认He admitted him mistake at last.18. In advance 预先，提前You should inform（通知）me in advance if you are going to come.19. Take advantage of = make use of 利用We can take advantage of computer to analyze data.A good habit in learning is to make full use of class time.20. Affect (v.) effect (n.) influence (v & n) 影响effort 努力have an effect/influence on对…有影响make an effort to do或make efforts to doThe latest discovery in gene will have a great effect on the health of human beings.They made great efforts to find a new cure to lung cancer .21. Afford (to do) sth 买/花/用/支付得起It’s hard to imagine how he can afford (to buy) a house on his small salary.22. Be afraid of 担心，害怕23. At the age of24. Agree with 同意agree on 同意（双方就…达成一致）agree to 同意（上级，父母对下级，晚辈允许…）The two countries have agreed on the date for next talk.My parents don’t agree to my staying outside overnight.25. Ahead of time 提前We finished our assignment ahead of time.26. By air=by plane by sea= by ship by bus/train on foot27. After all 毕竟above all 首先(not…) at all 一点（也不）all over28. Allow/permit … to do… 允许…做…29. Although/though but 连词不能同时用在句子中。
[专升本类试卷]2011年山东专升本(英语)真题试卷.doc
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[专升本类试卷]2011年山东专升本（英语）真题试卷一、Vocabulary and Structure1 The coat has a______inside to show the size and where it was made.（A）label（B）mark（C）sign（D）tag2 I'm very sorry to have ______you with so many questions on such an occasion. （A）interfered（B）bothered（C）impressed（D）offended3 When she retired she did a lot of______work for the Red Cross.（A）valid（B）portable（C）prosperous（D）voluntary4 The French pianist who had been praised very highly______to be a great disappointment.（B）turned out（C）turned up（D）turned down5 Martin Luther King Jr. was______ the Nobel Peace Prize for advocating the nonviolence policy in the movement for citizen rights.（A）gained（B）got（C）awarded（D）owned6 This is the first draft of the book, please feel perfecdy free to______on it. （A）conform（B）complain（C）confirm（D）comment7 A positive answer makes you feel good, but a(n) ______one teaches you a lot. （A）affirmative（B）negative（C）offensive8 The noise ______until she couldn't stand it any longer.（A）set up（B）rang up（C）built up（D）called up9 The dog waiting behind the gate looked so______that I did not dare to go in. （A）bold（B）fierce（C）wild（D）harmful10 Jane is scolded by her boss because she left the office with the computer ______ yesterday.（A）on（B）out（C）unlocked（D）unclosed11 Don't joke with Linda, she takes everything far too______.（A）carefully（C）critically（D）seriously12 Mr. Morgan can be very sad______ , through in public he is extremely cheerful. （A）by himself（B）in person（C）in private（D）as himself13 She keeps a supply of candles in the house in case of power______.（A）failure（B）lack（C）absence（D）drop14 Some people are______to politics and what is going on in other places.（A）keen（B）curious（C）enthusiastic（D）indifferent15 We are quite sure that we can______our present difficulties and finish the task on schedule.（A）get across（B）get over（C）get away（D）get off16 The reason______he rejected our plan is that he had no faith in us.（A）which（B）that（C）why（D）because17 If you stick ______the piano every day, you will become quite a good musician. （A）to practice（B）practicing（C）to have practiced（D）to practicing18 No one ______this building without the permission of the police.（A）is leaving（B）will be leaving（C）has left（D）is to leave19 ______you realize your trouble with English learning , you can take some effective steps.（A）Now that（B）From now on（C）Ever since（D）By now20 It was not until he arrived in class______realized he had forgotten his book.（A）when he（B）that he（C）and he（D）he21 Prof. Lee's book will show you ______can be used in other contexts.（A）that you have observed（B）how that you have observed（C）that how you have observed（D）how what you have observed22 But for the favorable weather, we______ in such a good harvest.（A）cannot get（B）could not get（C）couldn't have got（D）could have got23 So little______with each other that the neighbors couldn't setde their differences. （A）agreed did they（B）did they agree（C）they agree（D）they did agree24 The alarm clock didn't ring this morning. You ______ it last night.（A）need to have forgotten to wind（B）may have forgotten winding（C）ought to have forgotten to wind（D）must have forgotten to wind25 A series of measures ______, people in that area managed to survive the sever famine. （A）having taking（B）were taken（C）having been taken（D）have been taken26 It wasn't such a good dinner______ she had promised us.（A）that（B）which（C）as（D）what27 Evidence came up______specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as six months old.（A）that（B）what（C）which（D）whose28 ______that the pilot couldn't fly through it.（A）The storm so severe was（B）So the storm was severe（C）So severe was the storm（D）Such was the storm severe29 His knowledge of language and international relations ______him in his work. （A）help（B）helps（C）was helped（D）have helped30 I don't think lunch is a good time to get together,______.（A）dinner is neither（B）so is not dinner（C）not dinner, too（D）nor is dinner30 Many teachers believe that the responsibility for learning lies with the student. If a long reading assignment is given, teachers expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or give an examination. The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning, not the one only interested in getting high grades. When research is assigned, the professor expects the student to take the initiative and to complete the assignments with minimal guidance. Professors will help students who need it, but prefer that their students not be overly dependent on them. In the United States, professors have other duties besides teaching. Often they are responsible for administrative work within their departments. In addition, they may be obliged to publish articles and books. Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limited. If a student have problems with classroom work, the student should either approach a professor during office hours or make an appointment.Participation in the classroom is not only accepted but also expected of the students in many courses. Some professors base part of the final grade on the student's oral participation. Although there are formal lectures during which the student has a passive role ( i. e. listening and taking notes) many courses are organized around classroom discussions, students questions, and informal lectures.In the teaching of science and mathematics , the dominant mode of instruction is generally traditional, with teachers presenting formal lectures and students taking notes. However, new educational , sociology, and psychology classes, for example, are often required to solve problems in groups, design projects, make presentations and examine case studies. Since some college or university courses are"applied" rather than theoretical, they stress "doing"and involvement.31 When research is assigned, the professor______.（A）will give the students some necessary guidance（B）will not give the students any guidance（C）prefer that the student not be dependent on him at all（D）expect the student to complete it under his guidance32 Which of the following is not the duty of an American Professor?（A）Solving the students' problems during office hours.（B）Being responsible for some administrative work.（C）Publishing articles and books.（D）Spending a lot of time with the students out of class.33 In the teaching of science and mathematics, the dominant mode of instruction is ____ （A）classroom discussions（B）student presentations（C）formal lectures（D）informal lectures34 New educational trend has emerged in the humanities and social sciences that stress____（A）the role of reading（B）good academic record（C）the professor's illustration（D）the student's participation34 The last few years have seen new wealth in the group of white-collar workers in China. Primarily this group consists of lawyers, artists, company presidents and employees of joint-venture companies. This group did not exist ten years ago. Business ventures such as real estate development, computer companies, and travel agencies have nurtured this new class of ambitious Chinese who have tasted the good life and want even more of it. What are the marks of this group of people? First of all, it is defined by what its members have: cell phones, washing machines, microwave ovens, computers, cars homes, and carefree optimism is also present. Middle-aged successful company presidents, young professionals and even college students are optimistic, expecting the best in their future.Chinese entrepreneurs (企业家) began accumulating money in the late 1980's . But it was not until the middle 90's that the material possessions of the newly-rich------cell phones, computers , cars, houses were easily available. These high-tech entrepreneurs quit state enterprise to start private companies nearly a decade ago, when China started to transform from a planned to a market economy. These early entrepreneurs are now wealthy by any country's standards. 73 <u>However, like any newly-rich Chinese, they seem a little uncomfortable when asked about wealth.</u> One reason for their discomfort is that they realize that the prosperity wealth that has created the group of newly-rich has not benefited all Chinese equally. Some entrepreneurs have move up in social status, but many workers have been laid off, losing their jobs temporarily for economic reason, from state-run factories.For most Chinese, the move into this style of life is still a step-by-step progress. It may be slow but many business people are hopeful. As a real estate entrepreneur from Beijing said; "This is not just about money. It's about a better quality of life. "35 The word "nurture" (Line 4, Praral ) probably means______.（A）naturalize（B）nourish（C）care for and educate（D）help the development of36 According to the passage , which of the following are NOT marked of the newly-rich Chinese?（A）Great ambition and the whish for a new lifestyle.（B）Houses and vacations.（C）Mobile phones and computers.（D）Mental independence and optimism.37 Why do many newly-rich Chinese feel embarrassed when saked about wealth?（A）Because they have higher social status.（B）Because they have quit state-run factories.（C）Because they have fired many employees.（D）Because they know many others are not so wealthy.38 Accoding to the real estate entrepreneur, many business people are looking forward to this Style of Life for the sake of______.（A）more wealth（B）higher social status（C）better quality of life（D）greater fame38 74 <u>In recent years a new and serious problem has arisen for international airlines and their passengers.</u> This is the relatively new crime of hijacking. Once an unheard-of event, it has now become a common occurrence.There is not very much anyone can do once a hijacker is on board an aeroplane. He may be carrying a gun or a hand grenades, which if used, would cause a disaster. Theonly thing to do is try to ensure that these people never get on the plane in the first instance. So airlines all over the world have security procedures. Before any passenger can get on an airplane at the airport, he must go through a series of security checks to make sure he isn't carrying anything that is potentially dangerous or could be used as a weapon on board. The security measures vary from airport to airport. At some airports there is very little security . At other airports the security checks are very strict and it can take up to half-an-hour to get through them all.Kai Tak Airport in Hong Kong, China, has a good security system. No aircraft starting its journey from Hong Kong has ever been hijacked. At Kai Tak, when a passenger first checks in, his or her name is matched with the computer list of passengers booked on the particular flight. If the name is not recognized, the passenger will be taken aside and questioned by security guards and may not be allowed on the plane. Next , every suitcase is X-ray checked before it goes into the plane. Any suitcase that seem to have something dangerous in it is not put on the plane. Then the hand baggage which the passengers will carry onto the plane is checked. Each passenger has to open his or her bag and the security clerk examines the contents. If there is anything that could be used as a weapon, a penknife, for example, the security staff take it away and keep it in a safe place on the plane until the flight is over. The passenger can then collect it.Finally there is a body check of all passengers. They must pass through a door where X-ray will show if they are carrying anything made of metal, like a gun. If anything suspicious is found, they will be asked to explain. 75.<u>It is only after all these checks that a passenger is allowed to board the plane.</u>39 According to the first paragraph, which of the following will the author disagree? （A）Hijacking is a relatively new crime.（B）Hijacking is practically unheard-of.（C）The number of hijacks is increasing.（D）Hijacking is a serious problem facing international airlines.40 The only thing we can do to prevent the disaster caused by hijacking is______. （A）set up a series of security procedures（B）exert control over guns（C）fight bravely against the hijackers（D）meet the hijackers' demands41 If there is anydiing that could be used as a weapon, the passenger______.（A）can keep it in a safe place on the plane（B）can take it back from the security staff when the flight is over（C）may not be allowed on the plane（D）will be taken aside and questioned by security guards42 At Kai Tak, a passenger has to get through all the following checks before boarding the plane except______.（A）having his name matched with the computer list（B）having every suitcase X-ray checked（C）having the hand baggage X-ray checked（D）passing through a door for a bady check42 A. Soon after he transferred to the new school, John found that he had great difficulty keeping up with the rest of his class.B. Through the project, many people have received training and decide to launch their own enterprise.C. Our efforts will pay off if the results of the research can be applied to the development of the new technologies.D. I cannot boot my computer now. Somediing must have gone wrong with its operating system.43 如果研究结果能够应用于新技术的开发，我们的努力就没有白费。
山东省专升本英语核心词汇及短语
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2011年成人高考（专升本）英语重点复习资料5
2011年成人高考（专升本）英语重点复习资料52011年成人高考(专升本)英语重点复习资料5形容词与副词(4-1~5-2)大纲要求：形容词与副词掌握比较级的构成及其用法。
一、形容词在句子中的作用1、形容词在句子中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语。
A good boy must behave himself. 好孩子应当行为规矩。
(定语)I like this red dress very much.(定语)She is beautiful. (表语)The patient is asleep. (表语)Who has got the window open? (宾语补足语)Ive got everything ready for the class. (宾语补足语)I said it would happen， and sure enough it did happen.(独立成分)2、大多数形容词既可作定语又可作表语，但有少数形容词只能作表语。
This is a red dress. The dress is red.alike，afraid，alone，asleep，awake，aware，alive，ashamed， unable， content.二、副词在句子中的作用副词在句子中主要作状语，可以修饰动词、形容词、副词，有时修饰整个句子。
Unfortunately， he wasnt at home when I came. (修饰整个句子)Luckily， she wasnt injured in the accident.(修饰整个句子)Her pronunciation is very good.(修饰形容词)I have been extremely busy these days.(修饰形容词)I can hardly agree with you.(修饰动词)He works terribly (quite) hard. (修饰副词)三、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成1.单音节词和少数双音节词(如以y结尾的)在词尾加-er ， -est.如：small，smaller，smallest; great，greater，greatest; clever， cleverer， cleverest; quiet， quieter， quietest ; common，commoner， commonest; narrow， narrower， narrowest.2、以e结尾的词加-r ， -st .如：larger， larger ， largest ; simple， simpler ， simplest ; polite， politer ， politest; brave， braver， bravest; fine，finer，finest.3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i 再加-er ， -est .如：busy，busier，busiest; heavy，heavier，heaviest; happy，happier， happiest.4、以一个辅音字母结尾的词，双写该辅音字母，再加-er，-est .(一个辅音字母结尾;重读闭音节)如：big，bigger，biggest; thin，thinner，thinnest; hot，hotter， hottest.双音节词，多音节词比较级和最高级在词前加more， most.如：difficult， more difficult， most difficult， interesting，more interesting， most interesting; useful， more useful， most useful.特殊的比较级和最高级四、形容词和副词比较级的用法1、比较级常与than引导的状语从句连用，表示与什么相比。
2011山东高考980核心词汇
Aabsence n.缺席，不在场，缺乏absorb vt.吸收，使专心abstract a.抽象的n.摘要academic a.学院的，学术的access n.接近，通道，入口accordingly ad.因此，依照account n.记述，解释，帐目accurate a.准确的，正确无误的accuse vt.指责，归咎于actor n.男演员actress n.女演员actual a.实际的，现行的adapt vt.使适应，改编admire vt.钦佩，羡慕，赞赏admit vt.承认，准许…进入adopt vt.收养，采用，采取adult n.成年人a.成年的advance vi.前进，提高n.进展adventure n.冒险，惊险活动affair n.事情，事件，事务affect vt.影响，感动afterward (s) ad. 后来，以后，随后agent n.代理人，代理商agriculture n.农业，农艺，农学ahead ad.在前，向前，提前aid n.帮助，救护，助手aim vi.瞄准，针对，致力aircraft n.飞机，飞行器alarm n.惊恐，忧虑，警报album n.集邮本，照相簿，唱片alcohol n.酒精，乙醇altogether ad.完全，总而言之amaze vt.使惊奇，使惊愕ambition n.雄心，抱负，野心amount n.总数，数量，和amuse vt.逗…乐，给…娱乐analyze vt.分析，分解，解析ancestor n.祖宗，祖先anger n.怒，愤怒vt.使发怒angle n.角，角度anniversary n.周年纪念日announce vt.宣布，发表annoy vt.使恼怒，打搅anxious a.忧虑的，渴望的anyhow ad.无论如何apart ad.相隔，分开，除去apartment n.一套公寓房间apologize vi.道歉，谢罪，认错appearance n.出现，来到，外观apply vt.应用，实施，使用appointment n.任命，约定，约会appreciate vt.欣赏，领会，感谢approach vt.向…靠近n.靠近architecture n.建筑学，建筑式样argue vi.争论，争辩，辩论arrange vt.筹备，整理，调解arrest vt.逮捕，拘留arrival n.到达，到达者artist n.艺术家，美术家ash n.灰，灰末，骨灰ashamed a.惭愧(的)，羞耻(的) aside ad.在旁边，到旁边aspect n.方面，样子，外表assistant n.助手，助教assume vt.假定，承担，呈现astonish vt.使惊讶，使吃惊athlete n.运动员atmosphere n.大气，气氛attach vt.缚，系，贴，附加attack vt.vi.n.攻击，进攻attempt vt.尝试，试图n.企图attend vt.出席，照顾，护理attitude n.态度，看法，姿势attract vt.吸引，诱惑audience n.听众，观众author n.作者，作家available a.可利用的，通用的average n.平均数a.平均的award n.奖，奖品，判定aware a.知道的，意识到的awful a.令人不愉快的Bbadly ad.坏，差，严重地badminton n.羽毛球baggage n.行李bake vt.烤，烘，烧硬balance vt.使平衡，称n.天平ban n. 禁令vt. 禁止，取缔band n.乐队，带，波段bar n.酒吧间，条，杆bare a.赤裸的，仅仅的bargain n.交易vi.议价，成交base n.基础，底层，基地basin n.盆子，盆地basis n.基础，根据bath n.洗澡，浴缸bathe vt.给…洗澡，弄湿battery n.电池battle n.战役，斗争vi.作战beard n.胡须，络腮胡子beauty n.美，美丽，美人beer n.啤酒beg vt.vi.乞求，请求beginning n.开始，开端，起源behave vi.表现，举止belly n.腹部，胃belong vi.属于，附属belt n.带，腰带，区bench n.长凳，条凳，工作台bend vt.使弯曲vi.弯曲benefit n.利益，恩惠，津贴best a.最好的better a.较好的ad.更好地billion num.十亿biology n.生物学，生态学birthplace n.出生地bite vt.咬，叮，螫blame vt.责备，把…归咎于blank a.空白的n.空白blanket n.毯子bleed vi.流血block n.街区vt.堵塞，拦阻blouse n. 宽松的上衣boil vi.沸腾，汽化vt.煮沸bomb n.炸弹vt.轰炸bone n.骨，骨骼border n.边缘，边界bother vt.烦扰，迷惑n.麻烦brake n.闸，刹车vi.制动branch n.树枝，分部，分支brand n.商品，烙印vt.铭刻brick n.砖块brief a.简短的vt.作简报broad a.宽的，阔的，广泛的broadcast n.广播，播音broom n. 扫帚bucket n.水桶，吊桶budget n.预算burden n.担子，负担，装载量burst vt.使爆裂vi.n.爆炸bury vt.埋葬，埋藏bush n.灌木butcher n. 屠夫，屠户button n.扣子，按钮vt.扣紧Ccafén.咖啡馆，小餐厅cage n.笼，鸟笼，囚笼calculate vt.计算，估计，计划calm a.平静的candidate n.候选人，投考者carpet n.地毯，毡毯，毛毯carrot n.胡萝卜cart n.二轮运货马车case n.情况，事实，病例cash n.现金，现款castle n.城堡casual a.偶然的，随便的cattle n.牛，牲口，家畜cave n.山洞，洞穴，窑洞centimeter n.厘米central a.中心的，主要的ceremony n.典礼，仪式，礼节certainly ad.一定，必定，当然chain n.链，链条，项圈challenge n.挑战champion n.冠军channel n.海峡，渠道，频道chapter n.章，回，篇character n.性格，特性，角色characteristic a.特有的n.特性charge vt.索价，控告n.费用chat vi.n. 闲谈，聊天check n.支票cheek n.面颊，脸蛋chief a.主要的，首席的chimney n.烟囱cigar n. 雪茄cigarette n.香烟citizen n.公民，市民，居民civil a.公民的，文职的clerk n.店员，办事员，职员climate n.气候clinic n.诊所，医务室，会诊clothing n.衣服cock n.公鸡，龙头collar n.衣领comb n.梳子vt.梳理combine vt.使结合，兼有comedy n.喜剧，喜剧场面comfort n.舒适，安慰vt.安慰comment n.评论，意见，注释commercial a.商业的，商品化的committee n.委员会communism n.共产主义communist n.共产党员companion n.同伴compete vi.比赛，竞争，对抗complex a.结合的，复杂的comrade n.同志concentrate vt.集中，聚集，浓缩concern n.关心，挂念，关系conclusion n.结论，推论，结尾concrete n.混凝土a.具体的，实在的conduct n.举止，行为，指导conductor n.售票员，(乐队)指挥confident n.确信的，自信的confirm vt.证实，肯定，批准conflict n.争论，冲突，斗争confuse vt.使混乱，混淆congratulation n. 祝词，贺辞consist vi.由…组成constant a.经常的，永恒的construction n.建造，建筑物consume vt.消耗，消费contain vt.包含，容纳content a.满意的，满足的continent n.大陆，洲contribute vt.捐献，捐助，投稿convenient a.便利的，方便的convince vt.使确信，使信服corn n.谷物，小麦cottage n.村舍，小屋counter n.柜台，计数器court n.法庭courtyard n. 庭院，院子crash vi.碰撞，坠落n.碰撞cream n.奶油creature n.生物，创造物credit n.信用，分数crew n.全体船员crime n.罪，罪行，犯罪crop n.农作物，庄稼crossing v. 横越n. 交叉口crowd n.群，大众，一伙人cupboard n.碗柜cure vt.医治n.治愈curious a.好奇的，稀奇古怪的curtain n.帘，窗帘，幕(布)cushion n.垫子，坐垫，靠垫custom n.习惯，风俗，海关customer n.顾客，主顾cycle n.循环Ddamage vt.损害，毁坏n.损害damp a.潮湿的darkness n.黑暗dawn n.黎明，开端deadline n. 最终期限debate n.vi.争论，辩论debt n.债务，欠债declare vt.断言，声明decorate vt.装饰decrease vi.n.减少deed n.行为，功绩，契约defeat vt.战胜，击败defence n.防御，辩护defend vt.保卫，防守degree n.程度，度，学位delay vt.推迟，耽搁，延误delete vt.删除，擦掉delight n.快乐vt.使高兴deliver vt.投递，送交demand vt.要求，需要department n.部，司，局，处，系depth n.深度，深处description n.描述;形容desert n.沙漠vt.离弃，擅离deserve vt.应受，值得design vt.设计n.设计，图样desire vt.相望，要求n.愿望destination n.目的地，终点，目标destroy vt.破坏，消灭detect vt.察觉，发觉，侦察determine vt.决定，决心devote vt.将…奉献，致力于diagram n.图解，图表，简图dial n.钟面，拨号盘vt.拨号diamond n.钻石，菱形dictation n.口授diet n.饮食，食物differ vi.不同，相异digest vt.消化，领会n.文摘digital a.数字的dirt n.尘，土，污垢disadvantage n.缺点，弱点disagree vi.不同意;不一致disappear vi.不见，失踪，消失disappoint vt.使失望disaster n.灾难discount n.折扣discriminate vt.vi.区别对待，歧视dislike vt.n.不喜爱，厌恶distance n.距离，远处distant a.在远处的，疏远的distinguish vt.区别，辨别district n.地区，区域document n.公文，文件donate vt.vi.捐赠dormitory n.集体寝室，宿舍dot n.点，圆点vt.打点于download n. (从BBS)下装，卸载downtown adv. 在市区，往市区drawing n.绘画drill n.钻头，操练vi.钻孔drown 溺死drunka.醉的，陶醉的due a.预期的，应给的dulla.枯燥的，阴暗的dust n.灰尘dusty a.多灰尘的，灰蒙蒙的;粉末状的;灰色的Eeager a.渴望的，热切的earn vt.挣得，获得earthquake n.地震eastern a.东方的，朝东的edit vt.编辑，编纂，校订effect n.效果，效力elect vt.选举，推选electricity n.电，电流electronic a.电子的embarrass vt.使窘迫，使为难emergency n.紧急情况，突然事件employ vi.雇用endless a.无止境的engine n.发动机，引擎enjoyable a.使人快乐的，有乐趣的entertainment n. 娱乐，款待，娱乐表演entire a.全部的，彻底的entrance n.入口，进入envelope n.信封，封套envy vt.n.妒忌，羡慕equal a.相等的，平等的equipment n.装备，设备，配备error n.错误，谬误，差错escape vi.逃跑，逸出n.逃跑especially ad.特别，尤其，格外essay n.短文，散文，小品文evaluate vt.评价，估…的价event n.事件，事变evidence n.根据，证据，证人exact a.确切的，精确的exactly ad.的确如此exchange vt.交换，交流n.交换exciting a.令人兴奋的exhibition n.展览，陈列，展览会exist vi.存在，生存exit n.出口，退场vi.退出expand vt.扩大，使膨胀expense n.花费，消费，费用expert n.专家a.熟练的explanation n.解释，说明，辩解explode vt.使爆炸vi.爆炸exploit vt.剥削，利用，开拓explore vt.vi.探险，探索export vt.输出，出口expression n.词句，表达，表情extra a.额外的ad.特别地extraordinary a.非同寻常的，特别的extremely ad.极其，非常Ffade vi.褪色，逐渐消失failure n.失败，失败的人fairly ad.相当，公平地faith n.信任，信心，信仰false a.不真实的，伪造的familiar a.熟悉的farther ad.更远地a.更远的fasten vt.扎牢，扣住，使固定fault n.缺点，过失，故障favor n.好感，赞同，恩惠fax n.vt. 传真feather n.羽毛，翎毛，羽状物federal a.联邦的，联盟的fee n.费，酬金，赏金fellow n.人，家伙，伙伴female n.a.女性的，雌性的fence n.栅栏fiction n.小说，虚构，杜撰fierce a.凶猛的，狂热的figure n.数字，外形，人物file n.档案vt.把…归档finance n.财政，金融，财源fireworks n.[pl.]爆竹，烟花firm a.坚定的n.公司，商号fist n.拳头flame n.火焰，光辉，热情flash n.闪光vi.闪，闪烁flesh n.肉，肌肉，肉体flight n.航班，飞行，逃跑float vi.漂浮vt.使漂浮flood n.洪水flour n.面粉，粉末flow vi.流动，飘扬，涨潮fluent a.流利的，流畅的focus vi.聚焦，注视n.焦点foggy a.有雾的，模糊的fold vt.折叠，合拢n.褶folk n.人们，家属，亲属fond a.喜爱的，溺爱的fool n.傻子vt.欺骗，愚弄foolish a.愚蠢的forbid vt.禁止forecast n.预测，预报vt.预示forever ad.永远，总是，老是forgive vt.原谅，宽恕former a.在前的n.前者fortnight n.两星期，十四天fortunate a.幸运的fortunately ad.幸运地，幸亏fortune n.命运，运气，财产found vt.创立，创办fountain n.泉水，喷泉freedom n.自由frequent a.经常的frequently ad.时常，频繁地frighten vt.使惊恐，吓唬fry vt.油煎，油炸，油炒fuel n.燃料vt.给…加燃料function n.功能，职务，函数fur n.软毛，毛皮，裘皮further ad.更进一步Ggain vt.获得，增加n.增进garbage n.垃圾，污物，废料gas n.煤气，气体gather vi.聚集，集合vt.收集gay a.快乐的，鲜明的generally ad.一般地，通常地generation n.一代，一代人，产生generous a.慷慨的，宽厚的gentle a.和蔼的，轻柔的glance vi.看一下n.一瞥globe n.地球，世界，地球仪goal n.球门，得分，目的goods n.货物，商品gradual a.逐渐的，渐进的gradually ad.逐渐地，逐步地graduate n.大学毕业生vi.毕业graduation n.毕业grain n.谷物，谷粒，颗粒grand a.宏伟的，重大的grasp vt.抓紧，掌握n.抓gravity n.重力，引力，严重性greatly ad.大大地，非常地;伟大地，崇高地greet vt.问候，招呼，反应grey n./a.灰色(的) grocer n.杂货商grocery n.杂货店guide n.导游vt.指导guilty a.内疚的，有罪的Hhaircut n.理发;发型，发式hammer n.锤子vt.锤击handkerchief n.手帕handle n.柄，把手vt.处理happiness n.幸福;满足harbour n.港hard-working adj. 勤劳hardship n.艰难，困苦harm n.伤害，损害vt.损害harmony n.协调，和谐harvest n.收获，收成vt.收割headmaster n. 英国中小学校长，男舍监hesitate vi.犹豫，踌躇highway n.公路，大路hire vt.雇用honey n.蜜，蜂蜜，甜，甜蜜hopeless a.没有希望的，绝望的horrible a. 可怕的，极可憎的，极可厌的host n.主人，东道主housewife n.家庭主妇humour v. 纵容，迁就hunger n.饥饿，渴望hunt n.vt.打猎，搜寻Iidentity n.身分，相同vt.确定身份ignore vt.不顾，不理，忽视illegal a.非法的immediate a.立即的，直接的immigrate v.移民import vt.n.输入，进口importance n.重要性impress vt.给…深刻印象income n.收入，收益indeed ad.真正地，确实independent a.独立的，自主的indicate vt.标示，表示，表明infer vt.推论，推断，猜想inform vt.通知，向…报告innocent a.清白的，幼稚的insect n.昆虫insert vt.插入，嵌入inspire vt.鼓舞，给…以灵感instant n.瞬间a.立即的institute n.研究所，学院instrument n.仪器，工具，乐器insurance n.保险，保险费intelligence n.智力，理解力，情报intend vt.想要，打算，意指interpret vt.解释，说明，口译interpreter n.翻译interrupt vt.打断，打扰，中止Jjam n.果酱jar n.罐子，坛子，广口瓶jazz n.爵士音乐，爵士舞曲journalist n.记者，新闻工作者journey n.旅行，旅程judge n.法官，裁判员jungle n.丛林，密林junior a.年少的，地位较低的n.晚辈justice n.正义，公正，司法Kkindergarten n.幼儿园Llack vt.缺乏，不足n.短缺的东西ladder n.梯子lately ad.最近later ad.后来latter a.(两者中)后者的lawyer n.律师league n.同盟，联盟leak vi.漏;泄露n.漏洞lecture vi.演讲;讲课n.演讲;讲课legal a.合法的length n.长度less a.更少的ad.更少地liberate vt.解放，释放librarian n.图书馆馆员lifetime n.终身lightning n.闪电likely a.可能的ad.很可能limit vt.限制，限定n.限度，限制link vt.连接n.联系lip n.嘴唇liquid n.液体a.液体的，流动的literature n.文学(作品) litre n.公升living-room n.起居室load vt.装，装满n.负载;负担loaf n.一条面包local a.地方的n.局部loose a.宽松的;自由的lorry n.卡车loss n.遗失;失败;损失luggage n.行李，皮箱lung n.肺Mmailbox n.邮箱major vi.主修，专攻a.主要的，多数的n.专业majority n.多数male a.男的，雄的mankind n.人类manner n.方式，态度;礼貌march n.三月mass n.大量;群众material n.材料，原料;素材a.物质的mathematics n.数学matter n.事情;物质vi.要紧，有关系maximum n.最大量a.最大的means n.方法，手段meanwhile ad.同时，当时measure vt.量，测量n.测量;措施medal n.奖章，纪念章media n. 媒体mental a.智力的;精神的menu n.菜单merchant n.商人mercy n.仁慈merely ad.仅仅，只不过merry a.欢乐的，愉快的midday n.中午midnight n.午夜mild a.温柔的;温暖的million num.百万mine pron.我的n.矿，矿山;地雷，水雷vt.开采mineral n.矿物a.矿物的minimum n.最小量a.最小的minister n.部长，大臣minority n.少数派;少数民族miserable a.痛苦的，悲惨的misunderstand vt.误解，误会mix vt.使混合;混淆mobile a.运动的，移动的modest a.谦虚的moral a.合乎道德的n.道德，品行motor n.发动机，机动车mountainous adj.多山的mourn vi.哀痛，哀悼movement n.动作;活动;移动multiply vt.增加;乘musical a.音乐的Nnail n.钉子;指甲vt.钉nation n.民族，国家nationality n.国籍，民族native a.本土的n.本地人navy n.海军neat a.整洁的;简洁的needle n.针vt.缝补，编织nephew n.侄子，外甥nest n.巢，窝net a.净的，纯的n.网，网状物niece n.侄女，外甥女noble a.高尚的n.贵族noisy a.嘈杂的，喧闹的noun n.名词novel n.小说a.新奇的，新颖的nowadays ad.现今，现在n.现今，当今nowhere ad.任何地方都不nuclear a.原子核的;核心的nut n.坚果nutrition n.营养Oobey vt.顺从vi.服从observe vt.观察，注意到obtain vt.获得obvious a.显而易见的occupation n.占领，占据;职业，工作occupy vt.占领，占有;忙碌occur vi.发生official a.官方的n.官员，行政人员onto prep.到…上opera n.歌剧operate vi.操作;施行手术opinion n.意见，看法oppose vt.反对，反抗opposite a.对面的n.对立物optimistic a.乐观的oral a.口头的orbit n.运行轨道vt.环绕ordinary a.平常的，平凡的organize vt.组织，安排;筹办original a.最初的;新颖的n.创新otherwise ad.另外，要不然ought aux.应该outdoor a./ad.户外的，野外的outdoors ad.在户外n.户外outer a.外部的，外面的outline n.轮廓;大纲outstanding a.突出的，杰出的overcome vt.战胜，克服owe vt.欠;归功于ox n.公牛oxygen n.氧，氧气Ppack vt.捆扎，打包;挤满n.包packet n.小包pain n.痛苦;疼痛painful a.痛苦的painting n.油画;绘画pan n.平底锅panic n.恐慌，惊慌paragraph n.(文章的)段，节parcel n.包裹，邮包parrot n.鹦鹉participate vi.参与，参加particular a.特殊的，特定的partly ad.部分地partner n.伙伴，搭挡，合伙人;配偶passer-by n. 过路人passive a.被动的，消极的pattern n.式样，模型pause n.中止vi.中止，暂停peaceful a.和平的;平静的pence n. penny 的复数per prep.每，每一perform vt.执行;演出performance n.履行;表演;表现permit vt.允许n.执照，许可证persuade vt.说服petrol n.汽油phenomenon n.现象phrase n.短语，习惯用语pile n.堆vt.堆叠pill n.药丸pillow n.枕头pin n.别针，钉子vt.钉住pipe vt.用管道输送n.管子，导管;烟斗platform n.站台，讲台player n.表演者，比赛者playmate n. 玩伴，游伴pleased a.高兴的plough n.犁vt.犁，耕poet n.诗人poison n.毒药vt.毒害;投毒pole n.杆，柱policy n.政策，方针political a.政治上的politics n.政治pollution n.污染port n.港口positive a.确定的;积极的;正的possession n.财产possibly ad.可能地，也许postcode n. 邮递区号pot n.锅potential a.潜在的n.潜能pour vt.流，倾盆大雨vi.倾泻powder n.粉末;火药power n.能力;电力;权力powerful a.强有力的practical a.实用的pray vt.请求;祈祷precious a.珍贵的，宝贵的predict vt.预言，预测prefer vt.宁可，宁愿press vi.压，按vt.压;压榨n.印刷;新闻，报刊;出版社pretend vt.假装，装作vi.假装principle n.原则，原理process n.过程vt.处理production n.产品;产量profession n.职业professor n.教授profit n.利润vi.得益project n.计划;工程;项目vi.伸出vt.设计，规划promote vt.促进，提升;推销province n.省publish vt.公布，发表;出版，刊印pump n.泵vt.用泵抽，打气punishment n.惩罚purchase vt.购买n.购买;赃物pure a.纯洁的puzzle n.难题;谜vi.使迷惑Qquality n.质量;特性quantity n.数量;大量quarrel vi.争吵n.争吵，吵架queue n.队列vi.排队等候quit vt.离开，停止;辞职Rrange vi.变动，变化n.范围rank n.军衔vt.归类于rate n.比率;速度;价格vt.评价，估价ray n.光线;射线react vi.反应reading n.阅读;读物reality n.现实;真实reception a.接待;接待处recognize vt.认出，识别recommend vt.推荐recover vt.恢复，痊愈recycle vt.重复利用reduce vt.减少，减小refer vt.求助于vi.谈到;参考，查阅reflect vt.反射，反映;思考reform n.改革，改良vt.改革，革新register vt.登记，注册n.登记，注册regular a.规则的，整齐的;定期的，常规的reject vt.拒绝;丢掉;驳回relate vt.联系relative a.有关系的;相对的n.亲戚，亲属relevant a.有关的;中肯的reliable a.可靠的religion n.宗教信仰rely vi.依赖，依靠;信赖remark vi.评论n.评论;备注remind vt.提醒remote a.遥远的remove vt.移动;搬迁rent n.租金，租vi.出租repair vt.修理，修补n.修理repeat vt.重说，重做n.重复reply vi.回答，答复n.答复represent vt.描绘;代表，象征\ republic n.共和国reputation n.名誉，声望request n.请求，要求vt.请求，要求rescue vt.援救，营救reserve vt.储备，保留;预定resist vt.抵抗，抵制respect vt.尊敬，尊重n.尊敬respond vi.回答;响应responsible a.有责任的;尽责的retire vi.退休revise vt.校订，修改revolution n.革命;旋转reward n.报答;报酬vt.报答;酬金ripe a.成熟的;时机成熟的risk n.风险，危险vt.冒险rob vt.抢劫，劫掠vi.抢劫，劫掠rocket n.火箭roll vi.滚动，转动n.一卷;名册roof n.屋顶root n.根(部);根源vi.生根，扎根rough a.表面不平的;粗略的;大致的rude a.粗野的，残暴的ruin n.毁灭;废墟vt.毁坏Ssacrifice vt.牺牲，献祭sailor n.海员，水兵salary n.薪水satellite n.卫星satisfaction n.满意scan vt.浏览;扫描scare vt.惊吓vi.受惊scene n.情景;景色schedule vt.安排n.时间表，计划表scholarship n.奖学金scientific a.科学的scold vt.责骂scream vi.尖叫n.尖叫声seaside n.海边section n.切片;部门;章节secure a.安全的seed n.种(子)，籽seek vt.寻找，探索seize vt.抓住;夺取，占据select vt.选择vi.挑选self n.自我，自己selfish a.自私的，利己的senior a.年长者;资格老的sensitive a.敏感的，灵敏的settle vt.安排，安放;解决vi.定居sew vt.缝制sex n.性别，性shade n.树荫;遮光物vi.荫蔽shadow n.阴影，影子shallow a.浅的，浅薄的n.浅滩sharp ad.(时刻)整a.锋利的;敏锐的;刺耳的shave vt.剃，刮vi.修面n.刮脸sheet n.被单;纸张，薄片shelter n.掩蔽处vt.遮蔽，掩护shock n.冲击;震惊;电击vi.震动shoot vt.发射;射门，投篮n.发芽shopping n.购物shore n.滨，岸shortcoming n.短处，缺点shot n.射击，发射;投篮sigh vi.叹气，叹息n.叹息sign n.符号;征兆vt.签名signal n.信号vi.发信号significance n.意义，意味;重要性simply ad.简单地;朴素地;仅仅，只不过sincere a.真诚的，真挚的sincerely ad.真诚地sink vi.下沉，降低n.水槽，水池skin vt.剥皮n.皮，皮肤;兽皮skyscraper n.摩天大楼slave n.奴隶，苦工slight a.细长的;轻微的slightly ad.轻微地slim a.细长的，微小的smooth a.平滑的，平静的sneaker n. 鬼鬼祟祟做事的人，卑鄙者，运动鞋soccer n.英式足球socialism n.社会主义socialist a.社会主义的software n.软件soil n.土壤;土地solar a.太阳的，日光的soul n.灵魂，精神;人specific a.特有的;具体的spit vi.吐唾沫splendid a.壮丽的，显著的split vt.劈开spoken a. 口头讲的，口语的vbl. speak 的过去分词sponsor n.发起者vt.发起spot vt.认出，发现n.点，斑点;地点spy n.间谍，特务vt.侦察，监视stable a.稳定的，安定的n.马厩，马棚stadium n. 露天大型运动场staff n.全体工作人员stage n.舞台;阶段，时期stair n.楼梯stare vi.凝视starve vi.饿死vt.使饿死steady a.稳固的vt.使稳定steam n.蒸汽vi.蒸发vt.蒸煮steel n.钢straight a.直的;正直的ad.直接地strength n.力量，力气stress n.压力;重音vt.着重，强调strike vt.打，击;罢工n.罢工;打击;殴打struggle n.斗争;奋斗vi.斗争;奋斗studio n.工作室，播音室style n.风格，式样suck vt.吸，吮suddenly ad.突然suffer vt.遭受，忍受vi.受害，受损失suit n.起诉，诉讼vt.适合suitable a.适宜的;恰当的sum n.总数;金额vi.共计summary a.简短的，扼要的n.摘要，总结sunset n.日落sunshine n.阳光support vt.支持;供养;承受surround vt.包围，环绕survive vt.幸免于vi.活下来swallow vt.吞，咽vi.吞，咽n.燕子switch n.开关;转换vt.转换symbol n.象征;符号sympathy n.同情，同情心system n.系统;制度Ttailor n.裁缝vt.裁制衣服talent n.天才，才能tank n.坦克;大容器tap vt.轻打，轻敲n.塞子，龙头;轻叩，轻拍target n.靶;目标tax n.税(款)vt.征税tear n.泪滴，眼泪vt.撕开，撕裂technical a.技术的，工艺的technique n.技巧，技能teenager n.青少年telegram n.电报telegraph n.电报(机) v.发电报telescope n.望远镜television n.电视，电视机temple n.神殿，庙宇;太阳穴temporary a.暂时的，临时的tend vi.走向，趋向tendency n.趋向，趋势tense a.紧张的;拉紧的n.时态theme n.题目;词干;主旋律theory n.理论，学说therefore ad.因此，所以thief n.窃贼，偷窃犯thinking n.思考;想法，见解throat n.咽喉throughout prep.遍及ad.到处thus ad.如此，这样;因而tick n.滴答声;记号vi.发出滴答声tight a.紧的;紧身的ad.紧紧地timetable n.时间表;时刻表tin n.锡;罐头tip vt.轻击vi.给小费n.小费tire vi.疲劳;厌倦n.轮胎title n.标题，题目;称号，头衔tobacco n.烟草，烟叶tolerate vt.忍受，容忍topic n.题目;论题，话题tough a.坚韧的;健壮的track n.行踪，路径;轨道tractor n.拖拉机tradition n.传统，惯例transport n.运输vt.运输trap n.陷阱;诡计vt.诱骗trend vi.伸向;倾向n.倾向trial n.试验;审判trick n.诡计;窍门vt.哄骗type n.类型vi.打字typewriter n.打字机typical a.典型的，代表性的typist n.打字员tyre n.轮胎Uunderline vt.在…下划线;强调understanding n.理解，理解力unfair a.不公平的uniform a.一样的n.制服unique a.唯一的unite vi.联合vt.使联合united adj.一致的;联合的universe n.宇宙，世界unknown a.未知的，不知名的unusual a.不平常的，独特的update vt.更新，使现代化n.现代化，更新upset vt.使不适，使心烦n.混乱upward a.向上的，上升的ad.向上，往上urban a.都市的urgent a.紧急的usually ad.通常Vvalley n.山谷，流域valuable a.值钱的，有价值的n.贵重物品variety n.多样化，种类various a.各种各样的vast a.巨大的，广阔的vehicle n.车辆verb n.动词victim n.牺牲者，受害者view vt.看待;看n.见解;风景violent a.猛烈的，狂暴的virus n.病毒visa n.签证;信用卡volunteer n.志愿者vt.志愿vote n.选举，投票voyage n.航海vi.航海，航空Wwage n.工资，报酬waiter n.侍者，服务员waitress n.女侍者，女服务员wave n.波，波涛;起伏vi.波动;挥手weakness n.弱点web n.(蜘蛛)网，网状物;网络website WWW(环球网)的站点wedding n.婚礼weed n.杂草，野草vi.除草well-known a.众所周知的whisper vt.低声地讲vi.低语n.耳语，私语whistle n.口哨vi.吹口哨wild a.野生的;野蛮的n.荒地willing a.心甘情愿的wind n.风wipe vt.揩，擦n.揩，擦wire n.金属线，电缆within prep.在…里面;不超过witness n.证据;证人vt.目击wooden a.木制的;呆板的wool n.羊毛，毛线worse a.更坏的ad.更坏worst a.最坏的ad.最坏地worthwhile a.值得的would aux.将;愿意Yyouth n.青春;青年。
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1. able/ability/enable/unable/disable/disabled/disabilityable的同根词用法一致,后接不定式。
比较：be able to do sth. / be capable of (doing) sth.2. 动词词缀：en-+ adj./n.或adj./n.+/-enenable/enlarge/enrich/encourage/brighten/widen/worsen/sharpen/strengthen/heighten/lengthen 3. abandon vt. 放弃，抛弃，放纵abandon oneself to 纵情于，沉溺于(=be addicted to)4. aboard adv. 在船（车）上，上船abroad adv. 在国外，到国外board n. 木板on board 在船上broad adj. 宽的，宽阔的5. absent adj. 不在的, 缺席的（反：present）6. absolute adj. 完全的, 绝对的7. absorb vt. 吸收, 吸引be absorbed in 全神贯注于8. abundant adj. 丰富的，大量的（=plentiful）9. access n. 通路, 接近，入门have access to 接近，有权使用e.g. Citizens may have free access to the public library.10. accident n. 意外事件, 事故by accident 偶然（=by chance）（on purpose 故意）11. accompany vt. 陪伴，陪同12. accomplish vt. 完成, 达到, 实现~ the taskaccomplishment n. 成就13. account n. 计算, 帐目, 说明，解释on account of 由于take... into account 考虑到(= take…into consideration)account for 解释，说明14. accuse vt. 指责，控告accuse sb. of sh. 因某事控告某人(同：charge sb. with sth. 因某事控告某人）e.g. He was accused of robbing the bank and sentenced ten years in jail.His mother charged him with being lazy.15. achieve vt. 完成, 达到achievement n. 成就, 功绩16. action n. 动作, 行动, 举动take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事（同：take measures to do sth.）17. actor n. 男演员→actress n. 女演员类似：waitress（女侍者，女服务生）, hostess（女主人）, princess（公主，王妃）18. adapt vt. 使适应, 改编adapt oneself to sth. 适应(= adjust oneself to sth.)e.g. He adapted/adjusted himself very quickly to the weather in the country.比较：adopt vt. 采用, 收养19. advance n. 前进, 提升v. 前进, 提前in advance 预先，提前20. advantage n. 优势, 有利条件（反：disadvantage n. 不利条件, 缺点）have an advantage over 胜过，占优势take advantage of 利用21. advertise v. 为…做广告advertisement/ad n. 广告22. advise vt. 劝告, 忠告advise sb. to do sth. 劝说（强调动作）persuade sb. to do sth. 说服（强调结果）注意：advise的宾语从句或It is advised that结构的主语从句，需使用should型虚拟语气。
advice n. 忠告, 建议23. afford vt. 买得起, 负担得起~ sth. (a new car, vacation, etc.)~ to do sth.24. agree vi. 同意, 赞成agree with sb.agree on sth. （经过讨论后）就…达成一致agree to sth. （plan, proposal, etc.）agreement n. 同意, 一致in ~ with 与…一致disagree vi. 不一致，有分歧25. aim at 以…为目标，旨在26. allow vt. 允许~ sb. to do sth. (=permit sb. to do sth.)27. alternative n. 可供选择的办法, 抉择have no ~ but to do 别无选择，只得…（= have no choice but to do）比较：have nothing to do but do28. amaze/astonish/surprise/shock vt. 使吃惊~ed ~ing29. ambition n. 野心, 雄心ambitious adj. 有雄心的, 野心勃勃的30. amuse vt. 娱乐，消遣~ment n.~ sb. with sth. 用某物逗/取悦某人~ oneself by doing sth. 做某事来消遣31. analyze vt. 分析, 分解analysis analyst32. ancient adj. 远古的，古代的~ times33. anniversary n. 周年纪念twentieth ~annual adj. 每年的，年度的34. anxious adj. 焦虑的，担心的be ~ about/for sth. 对…感到忧虑be ~ to do sth. 渴望做某事(=be eager to do =long to do)anxiety n.35. apology n. 道歉make an ~ to sb. for sth.apologize v. 道歉~ to sb. for sth.36. appeal v. 呼吁，恳求~ to sb. to do sth.37. apply vt. 申请, 应用~ (to sb.) for sth. 申请~ sth. to (someplace) 应用application applicant38. appoint vt. 约定, 任命appointment n. 约会，约定(因工作需要)比较：date （男女约会）39. appreciate vt. 赏识, 鉴赏, 感激40. approach vt. 接近n. 接近，方法, 步骤41. appropriate adj. 适当的，恰当的42. approve vt. 赞成，批准~ of 赞同，赞成~ment dis~43. arise vi. 出现, 发生rise vi. 升起, 上升arouse vt. 唤醒, 唤起~ one’s curiosity, consciousnessraise vt. 抬起，举起44. arrest vt./ n. 逮捕, 拘留under ~ 被拘捕45. artificial adj. 人造的, 假的（反：natural, genuine）46. assign vt. 分配, 指派~ sb. to do sth. 分派某人做某事~ sth. to sb. 分派某事给某人47. associate vt. 使发生联系, 使联合~ ... with... e.g. She always associated happiness with having money.48. assure vt. 向…保证~ sb. that... e.g. He assured us that the train would be on time.使确信~ sb. of sth. e.g. He assured her of his love.ensure vt. 确保, 确保~ sb. sth. 确保某人获得某物e.g. These pills will ~ you a good night’s sleep.insure vt. 给...保险~ sb. insurance n.确保~ sth. e.g. His talent and dedication will ~ his success.49. attach vt. 系，贴, 附加~... to... 把…贴上，放到…上~ importance/significance to 强调，看重(介词不用on)50. attack vt./n. 进攻, 攻击under ~51. attempt vt./n. 尝试, 企图~ to do 企图，努力in an ~ to do 试图，力图52. attention n. 注意, 关心pay ~ to sth.53. attract vt. 吸引attractive adj. attraction n. distract (反，v.)54. authority n. 权威, 威信, 权威人士(pl.) the authorities 当局，官方author n. 作者，作家authoritative adj. 权威的, 有权威的authorize v. 批准，授权~ sb. to do sth.55. automatic adj. 自动的, 无意识的, 机械的automobile n. 汽车(=motor car)56. available adj. 能得到的, 可利用的57. average n. 平均on ~ 平均58. avoid vt. 避免, 消除avoidable adj. 可避免的unavoidable/inevitable adj. 不可避免的, 必然的59. await vt. 等候(=wait for)60. award n. 奖品vt. 授予be awarded sth.reward vt./n. 报答, 奖赏~ sb. for sth. 因…而报答某人~ sb. with sth. 用…酬劳某人in ~ for 作为对…回报61. aware/conscious adj. 知道的, 明白的, 意识到的be ~ of 意识到62. awkward adj. 笨拙的，尴尬的63. bachelor n. 单身汉, 文理学士 a ~’s degree 学士学位(master, doctor)64. backward adv./adj.向后地(的)~ward 向…的forward, upward, downward65. balance n. 天平, 平衡keep one’s ~ lose ~66. bare adj. 赤裸的, 无遮蔽的(身体局部) ~ feet, arm, headnaked adj. 裸体的, 无遮盖的(全身)67. base n. 基础, 根据地, 基地（具体的事物）vt. 以...作基础be based on 建立在…基础上basis n. 基础, 基本, 根据on the ~ of (theory, experiment) (抽象的事物)basic adj. 基本的68. bear n.熊v.负担, 忍受~ sth. in mind 记住69. beat v. 打, 打败70. behalf n. 利益，支持on behalf of 代表71. behave vi. 举动, 举止~ oneself 举止得体behavior n. 举止, 行为72. believe v.相信believe in 信任，信仰belief n. 信任, 信仰73. belong to 属于（无被动态）e.g. The house belongs to him.74. benefit n. 利益, 好处vt.有益于, 有助于to one’s ~ 对…有利~ from 从…受益75. bitter adj. 痛苦的，严酷的，难受的76. blame vt. 责备, 谴责(sb.) be to blame 该受责备~ sb. for sth. 将…归咎于某人77. bold adj. 大胆的，勇敢的，莽撞的78. bore v. 使烦扰boring（物）bored（人）79. bound adj. 有义务的，注定的be ~ to do 一定要，注定要adj. 开往...去的be ~ for spl.80. boundary n. 边界, 分界线(表明一区域外缘的明显的，具有限制作用的线)border n. 边界, 国界（两国之间的边界线，有分割政治实体的作用）81. brief adj. 简短的, 短暂的in ~ 简而言之（=in one word, to conclude, to be simple）82. business n. 商业, 交易, 事务on ~ 因公事，出差It’s none of your ~. 与你无关83. calm adj.平静的, 镇静的, 沉着的v. (使)平静, (使)镇定, 平息84. campaign n. 战役, (政治或商业性)活动, 竞选运动（强调有目的的大规模军事行动）battle 一场战役中的一次战斗struggle 侧重政治和精神斗争conflict 指武力或思想上的冲突champion n. 冠军champagne n. 香槟酒85. campus n. 校园on ~schoolyard n. 校园, 运动场in the ~86. cancel vt. 取消, 删去87. candidate n. 候选人88. capture vt. 俘获, 捕获89. career n. 事业, 生涯，指终生从事的事业。