中考英语阅读理解填词解题技巧说课讲解

中考英语阅读理解填词解题技巧(潘永红)中考英语阅读理解填词解题技巧潘永红1通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系然后才能猜词有时文章借助关联词如becauseassinceforsothusas a resultof coursetherefore等等表示前因后果例如You shouldnt have blamed him for thatfor it wasnt his fault通过for引出的句子所表示的原因那不是他的错可猜出blame的词义是"责备"2通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词通过同义词猜词一是要看由and或or 连接的同义词词组如happy and gay即使我们不认识gay这个词也可以知道它是愉快的意思二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词如Man has known something about the planets VenusMarsand Jupiter with the help of spaceships 此句中的Venus 金星Mars 火星Jupiter 木星均为生词但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域通过反义词猜词一是看表转折关系的连词或副词如butwhilehowever等二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语如He is so homelynot at all as handsome as his brother根据not at allhandsome我们不难推测出homely的意思即不英俊不漂亮的意思3通过构词法猜词在阅读文章时我们总会遇上一些新词汇有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用此时如掌握了一些常用的词根前缀后缀等语法知识这些问题便不难解决了4通过定义或释义关系来推测词义例如But sometimesno rain falls for alonglong timeThen there is a dry periodor drought 从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨于是便有一段干旱的时期即drought由此可见drought 意思为"久旱""旱灾"而a dry period和drought是同义语这种同义或释义关系常由isorthat isin other wordsbe called或破折号等来表示5通过句法功能来推测词义例如Bananasorangespineapplescoconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas假如pineapples和coconuts是生词我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思从句中不难看出pineapplescoconuts和bananasoranges是同类关系同属fruit类因此它们是两样水果准确地说是菠萝和椰子6通过描述猜词描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写例如The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South PoleIt is fat and walks in a funny wayAlthough it cannot flyit can swim in the icy water to catch the fish从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性短文改写填空型阅读理解题的解答技巧是首先通读全文对文章的大意有个初步的了解同时找出文章中的关键句在有限的时间内迅速抓住文章的要点然后纵览缩写后的短文在了解其大意的同时确定所要填写的内容即词语或短语是否与已知文段中的相一致填写时一定要仔细比如有的属于固定搭配有的句子是文中原句的同义句这些只要稍加注意就可避免出错同时还要注意动词时态人称名词单复数是否有误首字母是否大写句子的主谓搭配是不是合理等最后将改写后的文章再通读一遍看看改写后的短文是否流畅语句是否通顺同时还要照顾到原文看改写后的短文是否与原文意思相符合My grandfather was a teacher He was the headmaster of a school for boys between the ages of thirteen and eighteen I know that he was a kind man because when I was young and he was old he gave me presents and sat me on his knees and told me stories But I believe the boys at his school were afraid of him At school when he walked into a room full of noisy boys they stopped talking at once When he looked at a boy with a certain 某种look in his eyes that boy was red in the faceand looked down at his shoes If a boy brought him poor careless work my grandfather picked up the boys book and threw it across the room shouting Do it all again and bring it back first thing in the morning If the boy was late or if he forgot to bring his work he had to do it again and again and yet again My grandfather never forgot At school he was very different from the man I saw day by day in his own home根据短文内容改写每个空格只限填写一个单词When I was young I studied at a 1 school We were all 2 thirteen and eighteen Our headmaster was 3 old man He was kind but all of 4 were afraid of him For example we were playing talking and laughing 5 he came in at once the classroom became quiet If a boy didnt 6 his homework well or carefully he would be very 7 and asked the boy to do it again and 8 But his 9 told he never did things 10 that at home1boys答案就在短文的第一句话之中但要注意词形的转换这里要用名词所有格形式2between文章第一句中的of a school for boys between the ages of thirteen andeighteen是答案的依据3an这个小题比较简单用不着联系短文内容仅凭语法知识就能解答old以元音音素开头所以填写不定冠词an4us由But I believe the boys at his school were afraid of him可知孩子们都害怕他短文是以第一人称的口吻写的而改写的短文则是以学生们的身份写的弄清了这一点此空即能做出5when短文第二自然段开头的那句话同样是一个以when引导的时间状语从句6do／finish 由If a boy brought him poor careless work这句话不难联想到是学生没有认真做完成作业7angry由If a boy brought him poor careless work my grandfather would pick up the boys book and throw it across the roomshouting这句话可知如果某个男孩没有很好地完成作业祖父就会把那位学生的书本扔到外面并大声训斥他重做显然祖父是因为生气了才这么做的8again由If the boy was late or if he forgot to bring the work he would have to do it again and again and yet again这句话可以确定此空要填写again一词9grandson原文是从the headmaster的孙子的角度写爷爷在学校与在家里的不同表现的联系第一自然段和At school he was very different from the man I saw day by day in his own home这句话可知填写grandson是最恰当的10like通常全文可知作者想表达的意思是祖父在学校里的表现与在家中的表现截然不同换言之则是祖父在学校的表现从来都不象在家中的样子由此可以得出这里要填介词like 像一样In the future machines will be improved and do more and more work forman Few people have to work for long hours Man will have more time for leisure How will he use this leisure in the world of tomorrow Certainly he will still need holidaysIn the future the computer will help people to find the right place The computer will ask them questions which they will answer by pressing a button It 抣l also show them pictures and they will say which ones they like then the computer will tell them wghere to find the place they want for holiday TV will be used more in education It will also help people to use their leisure time well There will be more programmes on how to make and how to do things In the future people will certainly have to do less work Machines will take more and more work from man This means that the rest of the time will be mostly leisure timeSome scientists say that man of the future will be able to get enough pleasure and enjoyment on his own without going anywhere According to other scientists a man will put on a small cap The cap will make him see feel and hear all kinds of enjoyable things根据短文内容完成下列各题1In the future _____ will do more and more work for man so man will do _____ work2People will spend more time _____ _____ in the future3_____ _____ can help us to find the place where we want to spend our holiday4TV will be more useful in _____ and help people use their _____ time well5People will live an enjoyable life _____ going _____1 machines less 由第一段可知在将来机器会代替人类做更多的工作所以人类的工作会更少2 for leisureenjoying themselves 由第一段Man will have more time for leisure 一句可知人们将会有更多的时间休息3 The computer 由第三段可知电脑将会帮助人类找到他们想要度假的地方4 education leisure 由文中TV will be used more in education It will also help people to use their leisure time well 两句中得到答案5 without anywhere 在文章最后一段Some scientists say that man of the future will be able to get enough pleasure and enjoyment on his own without going anywhere 中可得知答案In court 法庭the judge asks the boy named Henry some questionsJudge Can you tell us how the accident happenedHenry Yes sir The farmer drove very fast when I met with him His car knocked me down and hurt my armJudge To the farmer Was that rightFarmer No sir But it rained heavily and I couldnt drive fastJudge So you dont think you knocked him downFarmer Yes I did But I didnt see him mending his bike in the middle of the roadJudge Well Did you send him to a hospitalFarmer Yes But the doctor said there was nothing serious to himJudge To Henry Do you agree with himHenry Yes sir But my left arm often hurts and I cant lift it at allJudge Could you show us how you can lift it nowHenry Sure Slowly the boy lifts his arm below his noseJudge Poor boy And how high could you lift it before the accidentHenry Oh I could lift it very high like this Holding his left arm up over his headJudge But I dont think theres something wrong with your armHenry IISo it is But my lawyer 律师tells me to do so根据上面的对话在短文的空白处填写一个适当的词使短文内容与对话意思相符It happened on a 1 _________ day A boy named Henry was 2 _________ his bike on the road while a farmers 3 ______ knocked him down The farmer sent him to a hospital and the doctor said nothing 4 ________ happened to the boy But his parents hoped the boy could be paid more 5 _________ for it They asked for a lawyers 6 _______ The lawyer taught the boy 7 ______ to say in court Henry told the judge his arm hurt and that he couldnt 8 ________ it up The judge asked him to show it to him He could lift it below his nose The judge asked him how 9 _______ he could lift it before the accident The boy 10 ___________ what the lawyer said and lifted it over his headDear editorI am not a good-looking boy and I am not good at studying either Some people dont even want to talk to me So I usually feel lonely Sometimes I think that if I want to leave home nobody will care How can I stop feeling like thisPeterDear PeterBut first I am sure that you are wrong that nobody will care if you leave your home What about your parents And other family members It seems that you are very sad Youd better go to see a doctor or talk to your parents They can help you Second Im sure theres someone in your class who feels lonely too You never know how other people feel inside Try to make friends with them Or you join a club to meet new people and to keep yourself busy You need to find happiness in yourself Write a list of all the good things about yourself Learn to like yourself and then others will see your confidence 信心and like you tooEditor1 Peter isnt good at and he feels __________2 He writes to the editor to ask for _______ because he wants to _______feeling lonely3 If Peter joins a club he can new people and keep busy4 The editor suggests 建议that Tom should talk to a and his5 Peter is lack of 缺少and he needs to find ________ in himself1 studying lonely2 help stop3 meet himself4 doctor parents5 confidencehappinessOnce Ei tei gave a lecture in many place in America．His driver alway listened to him and knew the lecture so well that he was sure he could give it himself．So Ei tei agreed that the driver gave the lecture him．Nobody knew Ei tei there the driver gave the lecture for Ei tei that evening．At first he was a bit afraid but Ei tein s smile made him feel better．He gave a good lecture and the people were quite pleased．The the driver started to leave and Ei tei followed him without a word．When they got to the door a man asked the driver a difficult question．The driver said that the question was very easy and told the man to ask his driver behind to answer it．根据短文内容填空每空限填一词Ei tei gave the 1 ______ lecture again and again．His driver 2 ______ to his lecture too many times 3 ______ he wanted to give it 4 ______．When Ei tei knew it he let the driver 5 ______ the lecture for him that night．The driver gave a 6 ______ lecture and the great scientist was quite pleased．When they were 7 ______ the lecture room a man asked the driver a question．To show 8 ______easy the question was the driver asked Ei tei who followed him 9 ______ to answer it 10 ______ of him．KEY 1．same 2．listened 3．that 4．himself 5．give 6．good 7．leaving 8．how 9．quietly behind 10．instead外语下载中心httpcom外语下载中心httpcom。