新视野大学英语第三版B4U4 TextA 课文中英对照版

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unit4TextA
Achieving sustainable environmentalism
实现可持续性发展得环保主义
1 Environmental sensitivityisnowas requiredanattitude inpolite society asis, say, beliefin democracy or disapproval of plasticsurgery、But now that everyonefrom TedTurnerto George H。

W。

Bush has claimedloveforMother Earth, how arewe to choose among the dozens of conflicting proposa ls,regulations and laws advanced by congressmenand constituents alike inthe name of the environment?Clearly, not everything with anenvironmentalclaim is worth doing、How do wesegregate the best options andconsolidate our vary inginterests into a single, sound policy?
在上流社会,对环境得敏感就如同信仰民主、反对整容一样,就是一种不可或缺得态度。

然而,既然从泰德·特纳到乔治·W。

H。

布什,每个人都声称自己热爱地球母亲,那么,在由议员、选民之类得人以环境名义而提出得众多得相互矛盾得提案、规章与法规中,我们又该如何做出选择呢?显而易见,并不就是每一项冠以环境保护名义得事情都值得去做、我们怎样才能分离出最佳选择,并且把我们各自不同得兴趣统一在同一个合理得政策当中呢?
2 There is asimple way。

First,differentiate between environmentalluxuries and environmentalnecessities、Luxuriesare those things thatwould be nice tohave if costless。

Necessities are those things we must have regardless。

Call this distinctionthe definitive ruleof sane environmentalism, whichstipulates that bating ecological change thatdirectly threatens thehealth and safetyo fpeople is anenvironmental necessity. All else is luxury.
有一种简便得方法、首先要区分什么就是环境奢侈品,什么就是环境必需品。

奢侈品就是指那些无需人类付出代价就能拥有得给人美好感受得东西。

必需品则就是指那些无论付出什么代价,都一定要去拥有得东西。

这一区分原则可以被称为理性环保主义得至高原则。

它规定,对那些直接威胁人类健康与安全得生态变化采取应对措施就是环境保护得必需品,而其她则都属于奢侈品。

3For example, preserving theatmosphere—stopping ozone depletion andthegreenhouseeffect —is an environmental necessity。

Recently, scientistsreported thatozone damageis far worse than previouslythought、Ozone depletion has a correlation not only withskincancer and eyeproblems, it also destroys theocean's ecology, the beginning of the food chain atop whichwe humans sit、
例,保护大气层——阻止臭氧损耗及控制温室效应--就是环境保护得必需品、近来,科学家报告说臭氧层遭受破
坏得程度远比我们先前认为得要严重得多。

臭氧损耗不仅与皮肤癌及眼疾有关,而且它还会破坏海洋生态。

而海洋生态就是食物链得起点,人类则位于该食物链得顶端。

4 The possiblethermal consequences of the greenhouseeffectare far deadlier: meltin gicecaps, flooded coastlines, disrupted climate, dry plains and, ultimately, emptybreadbaskets. TheAmerican Midwest feeds peopleatall corners of the atlas。

With the planetary climate changes, are we prepared tosee Iowa take on NewMexico'sdesertclimate, or Siberia take onIowa'smoderate climate?
温室效应所可能引发得热效应就是非常具有毁灭性得:冰川融化、海岸线被淹没、气候遭受破坏、平原干涸,最终食物消失殆尽。

美国中西部地区得粮食供养着全世界。

随着全球气候得变化,我们难道准备瞧到衣阿华州变成新墨西哥州得沙漠气候,而西伯利亚变成衣阿华州得温与气候吗?
5Ozonedepletion andthe greenhouse effect are human disasters, and they are urg ent becausethey directlythreaten humanityand are not easily reversible、 A sane environmentalism, the onlykindof environmentalism that will strike a chord withthe general public, begins byopenly declaring thatnature is here to s erve human beings、Asane environmentalism is entirely a human focused regime: Itcalls upon humanityto preserve nature, but merely within the parameters of self-survival.
臭氧损耗与温室效应就是人类得灾难,而且就是需要紧急处理得灾难,因为它们直接威胁到人类,且后果很难扭转。

理性环保主义——唯一能够引起公众共鸣得环保主张——首先公开声明,自然就是服务于人类得、理性环保主义就是一种完全以人类为中心得思想。

它号召人类保护自然,但就是就是在人类自我生存得到保证得前提之下。

6 Of course,this humanfocus runs against thegrain of a contemporary environmentalism thatindulges in overt earth worship。

Somepeople even allegethat theearth isa living organism. This kind ofenvironmentalism likes to consider itselfspiritual。

Itis nothingmorethan sentimental、Ittakes, forexample, a highly selective view of the kindness of nature,one that is incompatible w ith the reality ofnaturaldisasters、My nature worship stops with the twister that came throughKansas or the dreadful rains inBangladesh thateradicated whole villagesand left millions homeless.
当然,这种以人类为中心得主张与当下盛行得环保主义就是格格不入得,后者已经沉溺于对地球得公然崇拜。

有得人甚至声称地球就是一个活得生物体。

这种环保主义喜欢把自己瞧作就是神圣得,其实它只就是感情用事而已、比如,在自然就是否友善得问题上,当下得环保主义采取了高度选择性得片面得观点,而这种观点与自然造
成得灾难这一现实就是不相协调得。

当龙卷风肆虐堪萨斯州,当瓢泼大雨袭击孟加拉国,毁灭了整座整座得村庄,使几百万人失去家园得时候,我对自然得崇拜便停止了。

7 A non—sentimental environmentalism is one foundedon Protagoras'sidea that "Manis the measure of all things、" In establishing the sovereignty of man, such aprinciple helps us through the dense forest of environmental arguments. Take th ecurrentdebate ragingover oil drillingin a corner of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge(ANWR). Environmentalist coalitions, mobilizingagainstalegislati ve actionworkingits way through the USCongress forthelegalizationof suchexploration, propagate thatAmericansshouldbe preservingand economizingenergyinstead of drilling for it、This is a false either—orproposition. The US does need a sizableenergy tax to reduceconsumption. But it needs m ore productiontoo。

Government estimates indicate a nearly fifty-fifty chance that under the ANWRrests one of thefive largest oil fieldsever discovered in America、It seemsillogicalthatwe are notfinding safe ways to drill for oil in the ANWR。

非感情用事得环保主义就是建立在普罗泰哥拉得格言“人就是万物得尺度”得基础上得。

在建立人类权威得过程中,这条原则会帮助我们梳理各种错综复杂得关于环境保护得争议。

就以当前关于就是否在北极国家野生动物保护区得某一角落开采石油得激烈争论为例吧。

环保主义者联盟动员人们反对目前正在试图通过美国国会审议、使这一开采行为变得合法化得一项立法行动、她们散布说美国应该保护并且节约能源而不就是开采能源、这其实就是一个错误得非此即彼得主张。

美国确实需要征收高额得能源税以减少能源消耗,但同时也需要生产更多得能源。

政府得估测表明,在北极国家野生动物保护区得地下蕴藏着美国五大油田之一得可能性几乎到达50%。

我们没有寻找安全得方法开采北极国家野生动物保护区地下得石油,这瞧上去就是不符合情理得。

8 The US has just come through a war fought inpart over oil、Energy dependence costs Americans notjustdollarsbut lives。

It is a bizarre sentimentalism tha twould denyoil thatis peacefully attainable because it risksdisruptingthe birthing grounds of Arctic caribou、
美国刚刚经历了一场战争,其部分原因就就是为了获取石油。

对能源得依赖使美国不但付出了金钱得代价,而且也付出了生命得代价、就因为可能破坏北美驯鹿得繁衍地而放弃能够以与平手段获得得石油,这就是一种十分怪异得感情用事、
9 Ilike the caribouas much as thenext person. And Iwouldbe rather sorr yif their mating patterns were disturbed。

But youcan'thaveyour cake andeat i ttoo、And inthe standoff of the welfare of caribou versus reducinga
noil reliance that getspeople killedin wars,I choose people over caribou every time、
我像别人一样喜欢驯鹿。

如果她们得交配模式受到干扰,我会感到非常遗憾。

但就是,鱼与熊掌不能兼得、就是要保护驯鹿,还就是要为了避免人们在战争中丧生而减少对石油得依赖,面对这一僵局,我每次都会选择人类而不就是驯鹿。

10 Ifeel similarly aboutthespotted owl in Oregon. Iam no enemyoftheowl、If it could be preservedat anegligible cost, I wouldagreethat it should be —biodiversityis afterall necessary to theecosystem、Butwe must remember that not everyspecies is neededto keep that diversity、Sometimes aes thetic aspects of lifehave to be sacrificed tomore fundamental ones。

If the cost ofpreservingthespottedowl is theloss of livelihood for 30,000 logging families, Ichoosethe families (with their saws andchoppedtimber)over the owl。

我对俄勒冈州得斑点猫头鹰得态度也就是一样。

我绝不就是仇视猫头鹰。

如果花很少得代价就可以保护猫头鹰,我会赞同它应受保护—-毕竟,生物多样性对生态系统就是非常必要得。

但就是,我们必须记住,保持生物多样性并不意味着要留住每一种物种。

有时候,为了更加根本得利益,我们不得不牺牲一部分生活中美得东西。

如果为了保护斑点猫头鹰而让三万伐木工家庭失去生计,我会选择伐木工家庭(包括她们得锯子与砍伐得木材),而不就是猫头鹰。

11Theimportant distinction isbetween thoseenvironmentalgoodsthat are fu ndamental andthose that are not. Nature is our ward, not our master. It is to be respected and evencultivated.But when humanshave tochoosebetween their own well-being andthatof nature,nature will have to accommodate.
重要得就是,我们要区分哪些东西对环境保护就是根本性得,哪些就是非根本性得。

自然受我们得监护,而不就是我们得主人。

我们应该尊重自然,也可以开发利用自然。

但就是,如果人类必须在自身得福利与自然得福利之间作出选择,自然则必须作出让步。

12Humanity should accommodateonly whenits fateandthatof nature areinseparably bound up、The most urgentmaneuver must be undertaken when the veryintegrityofhumanity's habitat, e。

g、, theatmosphere or the essential geology that sustainsthe core of the earth, isthreatened. Whenthe threatto humanity is lower in thehierarchy of necessity, amore modest acmodation that balances economic againsthealth concerns is in order、But ineithercase theprinciple is thesame:protectthe environment -because it is h umanity’senvironment、
只有当人类得命运与自然得命运密不可分时,人类才应该作出让步、当人类栖息地得完整性(比如大气层或维持地球核心得基本地质状况)受到威胁时,人类就必须立即调整自己得行为。

而当人类受到得威胁不大,不太需要对自己得行为进行调整时,恰当得做法就是平衡考虑经济方面与与之相对得健康方面得因素,以便作出适度得调整、但就是,无论就是哪种情况,其遵循得原则就是一致得:保护环境,因为这就是我们人类得环境。

13Thesentimental environmentalistswill callthissavingnature witha totally wrong frame of mind、Exactly。

Asaneand intelligible environmentalismdoes it not for nature'ssake but for our own、
感情用事得环保主义者会说这种拯救自然得思路就是完全错误得。

得确就是这样、理性、明确得环保主义保护环境就是为了人类自身,而不就是为了自然。

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