第九讲 宾语从句

第九讲宾语从句

宾语从句的三要素：引导词、陈述句语序、时态一致

1、宾语从句的引导词

（1）由陈述句变成的宾语从句，用that引导，语序不变。that在句中无实际意义，可以省略。如：

He is a teacher. →He said (that) he was a teacher.

I have already seen the film.

→He said that he (had) already seen the film.

（2）由一般疑问句变成的宾语从句，用if或whether引导，表示“是否”，原来一般疑问句的语序要变为陈述句语序。如：

Does the boy like English?

→The teacher asked me if the boy liked English.

Are they students?→I don't know if they are students.

注意：当宾语从句中出现“or not”或“or + 供具体选择的内容”时，就只能用whether来引导。例如：

I don’t know whethe r he will come back soon or not.

（3）由特殊疑问句变成宾语从句时，疑问代词或疑问副词作宾语从句的引导词，并在宾语从句中充当成分，表示对不清楚的人、事物、时间、地点、方式等的询问。原来特殊疑问句的疑问语序要变为陈述语序。如：

Who is that boy? →Miss Li wants to know who that boy is.

What does the girl want to buy?

→He asked what the girl wanted to buy.

Where have they gone? →I didn’t know where they had gone.

When did you leave? →He asked when I left.

2．宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序，即宾语从句的主语前不可有be动词、情态动词或助动词do, does, did, have, has, had等。3．时态一致性，即若主句时态是现在时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定；若主句是过去时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），宾语从句的时态也用过去时态，如：

We know he is a teacher at a school.

We know he lost his son last year.

We know he will come here soon.

He said that he was ill.

宾语从句：在复合句中做主句的宾语。宾语从句有三种情况。1．表示陈述意义的宾语从句。由从属连词that引导。that本身没有意义，在非正式文体中和口语中常常被省略。

e.g. He says (that) he is going to be an actor. 他说他将要当一个演员。My mother told me (that) she liked English very much when she was a student.我妈妈告诉我说当她是学生时，她很喜欢英语。

由that引导的宾语从句最为常见，能接that引导的宾语从句的动词有：say, think, wish, hope, see, believe, agree, hear, feel, know,等。2．带有“是否，有否，对否，能否”等一般疑问意义的宾语从句，由从属连词whether或if引导。

如果要突出“究竟是……还是不……”，常有whether后面加or not: e.g. He asked me if (whether) I knew John.他问我是否认识约翰。

I want to know whether (if) he lives there. 我想知道他是否在那儿住。Let me know whether you can come or not. 你能不能来，请告诉我一声。

3．带有“谁，谁的，什么，哪个，什么时候，什么地方，怎样，为什么”等特殊疑问意义的宾语从句，由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, how, why引导。

e.g. Tom wants to know where Nine lives. 汤姆想知道Nine住在哪里。Can you tell me what your name is? 你能告诉我你叫什么名字吗？

I don't know how she gets to school. 我不知道她是怎么上学的。

宾语从句要注意以下几点：

1．宾语从句要用陈述句的语序。

2．当主句的时态是过去时时，从句中通常只能用过去时的某种时态。※但宾语从句中如果表示的是客观真理、自然现象等，则不受此限。

e.g. Our teacher told us that Changjiang is the longest river in China.

老师告诉我们说长江是中国最长的河。

初识宾语从句：宾语从句位居四大名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）之首，是学习英语不可遗漏的语法项目。本篇将着重介绍有关宾语从句的概念，以及由that引导的宾语从句的特点等。

问一：什么叫宾语从句？

答：顾名思义，能够充当宾语的句子即宾语从句。如：

She says（that）she will leave a message on his desk．