力学词汇
大学物理专业词汇(一)
大学物理专业词汇（上）Mechanics(力学)kinematics运动学dynamics 动力学vector 矢量scalar 标量scalar product 点乘cross product 叉乘position vector 位置矢量（位矢）displacement 位移state quantity 状态量process quantity 过程量average velocity 平均速度instantaneous velocity 瞬时速度（速度）speed 速率average acceleration 平均加速度instantaneous acceleration 瞬时加速度（加速度）tangential acceleration 切向加速度normal acceleration or radial acceleration 法向加速度或径向加速度inertia惯性momentum 动量impulse 冲量work 功kinetic energy 动能potential energy 势能conservative force 保守力instantaneous power 瞬时功率（功率）mechanical energy conservation law机械能守恒定律work-energy principle 功能原理angular displacement 角位移angular velocity 角速度angular acceleration 角加速度torque 力矩rigid body 刚体rotational inertia 转动惯量angular Momentum 角动量the conservation law of angular momentum 角动量守恒定律Electricity(电学)electric field 电场electric charge 电荷test charge 试验电荷electric dipole 电偶极子Gauss’s law 高斯定理electric flux 电通量spherical shell 球壳electric potential 电势electric potential difference 电势差electrostatic force 静电力electric potential energy 电势能conductor 导体electrostatic induction 静电感应electrostatic equilibrium 静电平衡capacitors电容器capacitance 电容energy density能量密度Magnetism(磁学)magnetic field 磁场Lorenz’ Force 楞次定律magnetic field lines 磁力线magnetic force 磁力Biot-Savart Law 毕奥-萨伐尔定律solenoid 螺线管Ampere’s Law 安培定律（安培环路定理）the law of electromagnetic induction 电磁感应定律flux of a magnetic field 磁通量electromotive force(emf) 电动势motional emf 动生电动势induced emf 感生电动势。
力学专业词汇总结
自激振动 self-excited vibration
临界转速 critical speed of rotation
阻尼器 damper
半峰宽度 half-peak width
集总参量系统 lumped parameter system
相平面法 phase plane method
相轨迹 phase trajectory
等倾线法 isocline method
作用--角度变量 action-angle variables
阿佩尔方程 Appell equation
劳斯方程 Routh equation
拉格朗日函数 Lagrangian function
诺特定理 Noether theorem
泊松括号 poisson bracket
边界积分法 boundary integral method
平均法 averaging method
组合音调 combination tone
解谐 detuning
耗散函数 dissipative function
硬激励 hard excitation
硬弹簧 hard spring, hardening spring
谐波平衡法 harmonic balance method
应用力学 applied mechanics
工程力学 engineering mechanics
实验力学 experimental mechanics
计算力学 computational mechanics
理性力学 rational mechanics
力学专业 英语词汇
专业英语第一节一般术语1. 工程结构building and civil engineering structures房屋建筑和土木工程的建筑物、构筑物及其相关组成部分的总称。
2. 工程结构设计design of building and civil engineering structures在工程结构的可靠与经济、适用与美观之间，选择一种最佳的合理的平衡，使所建造的结构能满足各种预定功能要求。
3. 房屋建筑工程building engineering一般称建筑工程，为新建、改建或扩建房屋建筑物和附属构筑物所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
4. 土木工程civil engineering除房屋建筑外，为新建、改建或扩建各类工程的建筑物、构筑物和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
5. 公路工程highway engineering为新建或改建各级公路和相关配套设施等而进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
6. 铁路工程railway engineering为新建或改建铁路和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
7. 港口与航道工程port ( harbour ) and waterway engineering为新建或改建港口与航道和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
8. 水利工程hydraulic engineering为修建治理水患、开发利用水资源的各项建筑物、构筑物和相关配设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
9. 水利发电工程（水电工程）hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering以利用水能发电为主要任务的水利工程。
物理英语词汇大全掌握物理学与自然力的相关英语词汇
物理英语词汇大全掌握物理学与自然力的相关英语词汇物理英语词汇大全：掌握物理学与自然力的相关英语词汇在学习物理学和理解自然力的过程中，掌握相关的英语词汇是至关重要的。
下面是一份物理英语词汇大全，旨在帮助您扩展词汇量和加深对物理学的理解。
请注意，本文按照词汇类别进行组织，以便更好地学习和记忆。
一、力学（Mechanics）1. 物体（Objects）- Matter 物质- Solid 固体- Liquid 液体- Gas 气体- Mass 质量- Weight 重量2. 运动（Motion）- Motion 运动- Speed 速度- Velocity 速率- Acceleration 加速度- Inertia 惯性- Force 力- Friction 摩擦力- Momentum 动量- Energy 能量3. 力（Force）- Gravity 重力- Magnetic force 磁力- Electrostatic force 静电力 - Tension 张力- Normal force 法向力- Applied force 外力- Spring force 弹力- Centripetal force 向心力4. 静力学（Statics）- Equilibrium 平衡- Torque 扭矩- Center of mass 质心- Center of gravity 重心二、热学（Thermodynamics）1. 温度（Temperature）- Temperature 温度- Heat 热量- Celsius 摄氏度- Fahrenheit 华氏度- Kelvin 开尔文2. 热传导（Heat conduction） - Conduction 导热- Conductor 导体- Insulator 绝缘体- Thermal energy 热能- Heat transfer 热传递3. 热膨胀（Thermal expansion）- Expansion 膨胀- Contraction 收缩- Coefficient of expansion 膨胀系数- Thermal expansion and contraction 热胀冷缩4. 热循环（Heat cycles）- Carnot cycle 卡诺循环- Thermal efficiency 热效率三、电学（Electricity）1. 电荷（Charge）- Charge 电荷- Electric field 电场- Electric potential 电势- Conductors 传导体- Insulators 绝缘体- Capacitors 电容器2. 电流（Current）- Current 电流- Ampere 安培- Voltage 电压- Resistance 电阻- Ohm's law 欧姆定律- Circuit 电路- Series circuit 串联电路- Parallel circuit 并联电路3. 磁学（Magnetism）- Magnetism 磁性- Magnetic field 磁场- Magnetic force 磁力- Electromagnetism 电磁学- Electromagnetic induction 电磁感应四、光学（Optics）1. 光线（Light）- Light 光线- Transparent 透明- Translucent 半透明- Opaque 不透明- Reflection 反射- Refraction 折射- Diffraction 衍射- Polarization 偏振2. 透镜（Lenses）- Lens 透镜- Convex lens 凸透镜- Concave lens 凹透镜- Focal point 焦点3. 光谱学（Spectroscopy）- Spectroscope 分光镜- Spectrum 光谱- Electromagnetic spectrum 电磁频谱 - Visible light 可见光- Infrared 红外线- Ultraviolet 紫外线五、原子与核能（Atomic and Nuclear Energy）1. 原子结构（Atomic structure）- Atom 原子- Proton 质子- Neutron 中子- Electron 电子- Nucleus 核子2. 辐射（Radiation）- Radiation 辐射- Radioactive 放射性- Alpha particle α粒子- Beta particle β粒子- Gamma ray γ射线3. 核能（Nuclear energy）- Nuclear fission 核裂变- Nuclear fusion 核聚变- Nuclear power station 核电站- Radioactive waste 放射性废料这份物理英语词汇大全涵盖了物理学与自然力的关键词汇，供您学习和参考。
力学英文词汇
索引（按照汉语拼音字母顺序）A安全系数 safety factorB半桥接法 half bridge闭口薄壁杆件 thin-walled tubes比例极限 proportional limit边界条件 boundary conditions变截面梁 beam of variable cross section变形 deformation变形协调方程 compatibility equation标距 gage length泊松比 Poisson’s ratio补偿片 compensating blockC材料力学 mechanics of materials冲击荷载 impact load初应力，预应力 initial stress纯剪切 pure shear纯弯曲 pure bending脆性材料 brittle materialsD大柔度杆 long columns单位荷载 unit load单位力偶 unit couple单位荷载法 unit-load method单向应力 uniaxial stress等强度梁 beam of constant strength低周疲劳 low-cycle fatigue电桥平衡 bridge balancing电阻应变片 resistance strain gage电阻应变仪 resistance strain indicator叠加法 superposition method叠加原理 superposition principle动荷载 dynamic load断面收缩率 percentage reduction in area多余约束 redundant restraintE二向应力状态 state of biaxial stressF分布力 distributed force复杂应力状态 state of triaxial stress复合材料 composite materialG杆，杆件 bar刚度 stiffness刚架 frame刚节点 rigid joint高周疲劳 high-cycle fatigue各向同性材料 isotropical material功的互等定理 reciprocal-work theorem工作应变计 active strain gage工作应力 working stress构件 structural member惯性半径 radius of gyration of an area惯性积 product of inertia惯性矩 moment of inertia广义胡克定律 generalized Hook’s lawH横向变形 lateral deformation胡克定律 Hook’s law滑移线 slip-linesIJ基本系统 primary system畸变能理论 distortion energy theory畸变能密度 distortional strain energy density 极惯性矩 polar moment of inertia极限应力 ultimate stress极限荷载 limit load挤压应力 bearing stress剪力 shear force剪力方程 equation of shear force剪力图 shear force diagram剪力流 shear flow剪切胡克定律 Hook’s law for shear剪切 shear交变应力，循环应力 cyclic stress截面法 method of sections截面几何性质 geometrical properties of an area 截面核心 core of section静不定次数，超静定次数 degree of a statically indeterminate problem静不定问题，超静定问题 statically indeterminate problem静定问题 statically determinate problem静荷载 static load静矩 static moment颈缩 neckingK开口薄壁杆件 bar of thin-walled open cross section抗拉强度 ultimate stress in tension抗扭截面系数 section modulus in torsion抗扭强度 ultimate stress in torsion抗弯截面系数 section modulus in bendingL拉压刚度 axial rigidity拉压杆 axially loaded bar理想弹塑性假设 elastic-perfectly plastic assumption力法 force method力学性能 mechanical properties连续梁 continuous beam连续条件 continuity condition梁 beams临界应力 critical stress临界荷载 critical loadM名义屈服强度 offset yielding stress莫尔强度理论 Mohr theory of failure敏感栅 sensitive gridN挠度 deflection挠曲线 deflection curve挠曲线方程 equation of deflection curve挠曲线近似微分方程 approximately differential equation of the deflection curve 内力 internal forces扭矩 torsional moment扭矩图 torque diagram扭转 torsion扭转极限应力 ultimate stress in torsion扭转角 angel of twist扭转屈服极限 yielding stress in torsion扭转刚度 torsional rigidityO欧拉公式 Euler’s formula疲劳极限 endurance limit疲劳破坏 fatigue rupture疲劳寿命 fatigue life偏心拉伸 eccentric tension偏心压缩 eccentric compression平均应力 average stress平面弯曲 plane bending平面应力状态 state of plane stress平行移轴定理 parallel axis theorem平面假设 plane cross-section assumptionQ强度 strength强度理论 theory of strength强度条件 strength condition切变模量 shear modulus切应变 shear strain切应力 shear stress切应力互等定理 theorem of conjugate shearing stress 屈服 yield屈服强度 yield strength全桥接线法 full bridgeR热应力 thermal stressS三向应力状态 state of triaxial stress三轴直角应变花 three-element rectangular rosette三轴等角应变花 three-element delta rosette失稳 buckling伸长率 elongation圣维南原理 Saint-Venant’s principle实验应力分析 experimental stress analysis塑性变形 plastic deformation塑性材料 ductile materials塑性铰 plastic hingeT弹性变形 elastic deformation弹性模量 modulus of elasticity体积力 body force体积改变比能 density of energy of volume change体积应变 volume strainUW弯矩 bending moment弯矩方程 equation of bending moment弯矩图 bending moment diagram弯曲 bending弯曲刚度 flexural rigidity弯曲正应力 normal stress in bending弯曲切应力 shear stress in bending弯曲中心 shear center位移法 displacement method位移互等定理 reciprocal-displacement theorem稳定条件 stability condition稳定性 stability稳定安全系数 safety factor for stabilityX细长比，柔度 slenderness ratio线性弹性体 linear elastic body相当长度 equivalent length相当应力 equivalent stress小柔度杆 short columns形心轴 centroidal axis形心主惯性矩 principal centroidal moments of inertia 形心主轴 principal centroidal axis许用应力 allowable stress许用应力法 allowable stress method许用荷载 allowable load许用荷载法 allowable load methodY应变花 strain rosette应变片 strain gage应变能 strain energy应变比能 strain energy density应力 stress应力速率 stress ratio应力比 stress ratio应力幅 stress amplitude应力状态 state of stress应力集中 stress concentration应力集中系数 stress concentration factor应力－寿命曲线，S-N曲线 stress-cycle curve应力－应变图 stress-strain diagram应力圆，莫尔圆 Mohr’s circle for stresses约束扭转 constraint torsionZ正应变 normal strain正应力 normal stress中面 middle plane中柔度杆 intermediate columns中性层 neutral surface中性轴 neutral axis轴 shaft轴力 axial force轴力图 axial force diagram轴向变形 axial deformation轴向拉伸 axial tension轴向压缩 axial compression主平面 principal planes主应力 principal stress主应力迹线 principal stress trajectory主轴 principal axis主惯性矩 principal moment of inertia转角 angel of rotation转轴公式 transformation equation自由扭转 free torsion组合变形 combined deformation组合截面 composite area最大拉应力理论 maximum tensile stress theory 最大拉应变理论 maximum tensile strain theory 最大切应力理论 maximum shear stress theory最大应力 maximum stress最小应力 minimum stress。
常用物理英语词汇(全)
常用物理英语词汇(全)1. Force（力）：作用在物体上的外力，可以改变物体的运动状态。
2. Mass（质量）：物体所含物质的量，通常用千克（kg）表示。
3. Weight（重量）：物体受到地球引力作用产生的力，通常用牛顿（N）表示。
4. Acceleration（加速度）：物体速度变化的快慢，通常用米/秒²（m/s²）表示。
5. Velocity（速度）：物体在单位时间内移动的距离，通常用米/秒（m/s）表示。
6. Momentum（动量）：物体运动的量度，等于物体的质量乘以速度。
7. Energy（能量）：物体做功的能力，通常用焦耳（J）表示。
8. Power（功率）：单位时间内做功的速率，通常用瓦特（W）表示。
9. Work（功）：力作用在物体上，使物体移动的距离，通常用焦耳（J）表示。
10. Torque（力矩）：力对物体产生的旋转效果，通常用牛顿·米（Nm）表示。
11. Angular momentum（角动量）：物体旋转运动的量度，等于物体的转动惯量乘以角速度。
12. Frequency（频率）：单位时间内发生的周期性事件的次数，通常用赫兹（Hz）表示。
13. Period（周期）：完成一次周期性事件所需的时间，通常用秒（s）表示。
14. Amplitude（振幅）：周期性运动的最高点与最低点之间的距离。
15. Wavelength（波长）：相邻两个波峰或波谷之间的距离，通常用米（m）表示。
16. Speed of light（光速）：光在真空中的传播速度，约为299,792,458米/秒（m/s）。
17. Refraction（折射）：光从一种介质进入另一种介质时，传播方向发生改变的现象。
18. Reflection（反射）：光遇到物体表面时，按照一定规律返回的现象。
19. Diffraction（衍射）：光绕过障碍物或通过狭缝时，传播方向发生偏折的现象。
工程力学常见专业英语词汇总结
空间变量spatial variations
直径diameter
半径radius
必要条件prerequisite
充分条件sufficient condition
质量守恒conservation of mass
动量守恒conservation of momentum
静定问题statically determinate problems
超静定问题statically indeterminate problem
轴向荷载axial load
均布荷载uniform distribution load
集中荷载concentrated load
冲击荷载shock loading
机械能守恒conservation of mechanical energy
能量守恒conservation of energy
守恒定律law of conservation
摩擦friction
内摩擦角friction angle
水平面horizontal plane
假想平面imaginary plane
相互垂直平面mutually perpendicular planes
平面外法向outward normal to the plane
前言preface
后记postscript
附录appendix
连续介质continuousmedium
非连续介质discontinuous medium
周围介质surroundingmedium
气体静力学aerostatics
气体动力学aerodynamics
变形量the amount of deformation
工程力学专业英语_词汇
1．Energy Release Rate: 能量释放率2．Brittle Material: 脆性材料3．Strain Energy: 应变能4．Ductile Matetrial 韧性材料5．Strength Criterion: 强度判据/强度准则6．Crack tip 裂纹顶端7．Homogeneous 各向同性8．Principle of Virtual Work: 虚功原理9．Time-Dependent Deformation: 时间相关变形10．Fatigue in Metals: 金属的疲劳11．damage and Fracture 损伤与断裂12 . stress concentration ．应力集中13. crack propagation 裂纹传播14．stress intensity factor 应力强度因子15．brittle fracture 脆性断裂16．ductile fracture 韧性断裂17．Fatigue life 疲劳寿命18．creep deformation 蠕变变形19．plastic deformation 塑性变形20．constitutive relationship 本构关系31. longitudinal 纵向32. transverse 横向33. horizontal 水平的34 . resistance 抵抗力35. ultimate 终极的36. isotropic 各向同性37. deviatoric 偏量的38. assumption 假设39. bind 结合40. blunt 钝的41 FRACTURE TOUGHNESS 断裂韧性42 POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS 多晶体材料43 Single Crystalline materials 单晶体材料43 AMORPHOUS MATERIALS 非晶态材料44 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE 晶体结构45 Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics 线弹性断裂力学46 theory of elasticity 弹性理论47 homogeneous state of stress 均匀应力状态48 stress invariant 应力不变量49 strain invariant 应变不变量50 strain ellipsoid 应变椭球51 homogeneous state of strain 均匀应变状态52 equation of strain compatibility 应变协调方程accumulated damage累积损伤brittle damage脆性损伤ductile damage延性损伤macroscopic damage宏观损伤microscopic damage细观损伤microscopic damage微观损伤damage criterion损伤准则damage evolution equation损伤演化方程damage softening损伤软化damage strengthening损伤强化damage tensor损伤张量damage thresh old损伤阈值damage variable损伤变量damage vector损伤矢量damage zone损伤区Fatigue疲劳low cycle fatigue低周疲劳stress fatigue应力疲劳random fatigue随机疲劳creep fatigue蠕变疲劳corrosion fatigue腐蚀疲劳fatigue damage疲劳损伤fatigue failure疲劳失效fatigue fracture疲劳断裂fatigue crack疲劳裂纹fatigue life疲劳寿命fatigue rupture疲劳破坏fatigue strength疲劳强度fatigue striations疲劳辉纹fatigue threshold疲劳阈值alternating load交变载荷alternating stress交变应力stress amplitude应力幅值strain fatigue应变疲劳stress cycle应力循环stress ratio应力比safe life安全寿命overloading effect过载效应cyclic hardening循环硬化cyclic softening循环软化environmental effect环境效应crack gage裂纹片crack growth, crack Propagation裂纹扩展crack initiation裂纹萌生。
力学专业词汇汇总-中英文对照
kinetic energy 动能
conservative force 保守力
damping force 阻尼力
coefficient of damping 阻尼系数
free vibration 自由振动
periodic disturbance 周期性扰动
viscous force 粘性力
极惯性矩 polar moment of inertia
角速度 angular velocity
角加速度 angular acceleration
infinitesimal amount 无穷小量
definite integral 定积分
a certain interval of time 某一时间段
弹性模量 modulus of elasticity
横向力 lateral force transverse force
轴向力 axial force
拉应力 tensile stress
压应力 compressive stress
平衡方程 equilibrium equation
动量守恒 conservation of linear momentum
定性的描述 qualitative description
点线 dotted line
划线 dashed line
实线 solid
line
矢量积 vector product
点积 dot product
forced vibration 强迫震动
general solution 通解
particular solution 特解
格林定律69个核心单词
格林定律69个核心单词
牛顿在1687年提出了牛顿力学，它定义了物体受到外力或施加外力的变化规律，使物理学得以实现巨大的发展。
格林定律是牛顿力学最基本的单位，包含69个关键单词，主要有：力，质量，运动，平衡，力学，摩擦，重力，惯性，加速度，运动定律，能量，动量，闭环，物理学，弹力，波，势，振动，摩擦力，变形，动作，冲量，线性，力矩，轨道，位置，时间，静止，弹簧，等张力，失重，角动量，角加速度，动量守恒，波速，冲量守恒，力矩定律，刚体，混合力，张力，压力，摩擦系数，能量守恒，平动，相对论，保力，加速，哈密顿定律，碰撞，动量定义，液体，弹性，重心，角速度，物理定律，瞬时动量，物体，圆周运动，偶合力，示性函数，真空，三角函数，阻力，游程，圆形运动，应力，简谐运动，气体，重力场，运动角。
这69个核心词汇代表了牛顿力学的核心概念，它们构成了物理学研究的基础，对于目前的物理学研究至关重要。
常用物理英语词汇(全)
常用物理英语词汇(全)力学（Mechanics）1. Force（力）2. Acceleration（加速度）3. Momentum（动量）4. Kinetic Energy（动能）5. Potential Energy（势能）6. Gravity（重力）7. Friction（摩擦力）8. Torque（扭矩）9. Angular Momentum（角动量）10. Work（功）热学（Thermodynamics）11. Temperature（温度）12. Heat（热量）13. Internal Energy（内能）14. Entropy（熵）15. Boyle's Law（波义耳定律）16. Charles's Law（查理定律）17. GayLussac's Law（盖吕萨克定律）18. Ideal Gas Law（理想气体定律）19. First Law of Thermodynamics（热力学第一定律）20. Second Law of Thermodynamics（热力学第二定律）电磁学（Electromagnetism）21. Electric Charge（电荷）22. Electric Field（电场）23. Magnetic Field（磁场）24. Current（电流）25. Voltage（电压）26. Resistance（电阻）27. Capacitance（电容）28. Inductance（电感）29. Ohm's Law（欧姆定律）30. Ampère's Law（安培定律）光学（Optics）31. Light（光）32. Refraction（折射）33. Reflection（反射）34. Diffraction（衍射）35. Interference（干涉）36. Polarization（偏振）37. Lens（透镜）38. Prism（棱镜）39. Spectrum（光谱）40. Wave Optics（波动光学）现代物理（Modern Physics）41. Quantum Mechanics（量子力学）42. Relativity（相对论）43. Photon（光子）44. Electron（电子）45. Proton（质子）46. Neutron（中子）47. Quark（夸克）48. Black Hole（黑洞）49. Higgs Boson（希格斯玻色子）50. String Theory（弦理论）这些词汇仅为物理学中常用术语的一小部分。
力学词汇(mechanics)
力学词汇(mechanics)1mechanics 力学Newtonian mechanics 牛顿力学classical mechanics 经典力学statics 静力学kinematics 运动学dynamics 动力学kinetics 动理学macroscopic mechanics，macromechanics 宏观力学mesomechanics 细观力学尺度约为0.01——100μm .microscopic mechanics，micromechanics 微观力学general mechanics 一般力学solid mechanics 固体力学fluid mechanics 流体力学theoretical mechanics 理论力学applied mechanics 应用力学engineering mechanics 工程力学experimental mechanics 实验力学computational mechanics 计算力学rational mechanics 理性力学physical mechanics 物理力学geodynamics 地球动力学force 力point of action 作用点line of action 作用线system of forces 力系reduction of force system 力系的简化又称“力系的约化”。
equivalent force system 等效力系rigid body 刚体transmissibility of force 力的可传性parallelogram rule 平行四边形定则force triangle 力三角形force polygon 力多边形null-force system 零力系equilibrium 平衡equilibrium of forces 力的平衡equilibrium condition 平衡条件equilibrium position 平衡位置equilibrium state 平衡态component force 分力resultant force 合力resolution of force 力的分解composition of forces 力的合成couple 力偶arm of couple 力偶臂system of couples 力偶系resultant couple 合力偶moment arm of force 力臂moment of force 力矩moment of couple 力偶矩moment of area 面矩center of moment 矩心moment vector 矩矢moment vector of couple 力偶矩矢principal vector 主矢principal moment 主矩torque 转矩force screw 力螺旋acting force 作用力reacting force 反作用力reaction at support 支座反力friction force 摩擦力kinetic friction 动摩擦rolling friction 滚动摩擦coefficient of rolling friction 滚动摩擦系数sliding friction 滑动摩擦coefficient of sliding friction 滑动摩擦系数static friction 静摩擦coefficient of maximum static friction 最大静摩擦系数angle of friction 摩擦角Coulomb law of friction 库仑摩擦定律center of reduction 简化中心又称“约化中心”。
高三物理单词表：力学中的运动与力的效果
高三物理单词表：力学中的运动与力的效果一、运动1. 运动：物体相对于参照物的位置发生变化。
2. 直线运动：物体在同一直线上移动。
3. 曲线运动：物体在曲线轨迹上移动。
4. 匀速运动：物体在相同时间内，相同距离的情况下进行运动。
5. 变速运动：物体在相同时间内，不同距离的情况下进行运动。
二、力的效果1. 力：改变物体状态的原因，也可以使物体产生运动或停止运动。
2. 重力：地球对物体的吸引力。
3. 弹力：由于物体形变所产生的恢复力。
4. 摩擦力：物体在接触面上的相互作用力，阻碍物体相对运动而产生的力。
5. 合力：作用在物体上的多个力的合成。
6. 分力：合力分解为多个共线力的效果。
三、运动与力的关系1. 牛顿第一定律：如果物体受力合力为零，则物体保持静止或匀速直线运动。
2. 牛顿第二定律：物体受到的合力与物体的质量和加速度成正比，F = ma。
3. 牛顿第三定律：作用在物体上的力总是有一个力与之相互作用，大小相等方向相反。
四、动能和势能1. 动能：物体由于运动而具有的能量。
2. 动能定理：物体的动能改变等于该物体所受合力在运动方向上的功。
3. 势能：物体由于其位置而具有的能量，如重力势能、弹性势能等。
4. 机械能：动能和势能的总和。
五、摩擦力与运动1. 静摩擦力：物体静止时受到的阻碍力。
2. 动摩擦力：物体在运动时受到的阻力。
3. 滑动摩擦力：物体在表面滑动时受到的摩擦力。
4. 滚动摩擦力：物体在表面滚动时受到的摩擦力。
5. 摩擦力与重力：物体受到的滑动摩擦力和静摩擦力等于物体受到的垂直于表面的合力。
这是一份高三物理单词表，涵盖了力学中的运动与力的效果的关键词汇。
通过学习这些单词，学生可以更好地理解和掌握物理学中与运动和力有关的概念和原理。
力学词汇
质点运动学particle kinetics 1, 运动学, kinematics 2, 参考系, reference system 3, 坐标系, coordinate system 4, 迪卡尔( 直角) 坐标系, Cartesian (rectangular) coordinate system 5, 质点, mass point / Particle 6, 质点系, system of particles 7, 位置矢量( 位矢) , position vector 8, 径矢, radius vector 9, 位移, displacement 10, 速度, velocity 11, 速率, speed 12, 加速度, acceleration 13, 直线运动, rectilinear motion 14, 曲线运动, curvilinear motion 15, 匀速圆周运动, uniform circular motion 16, 向心加速度, centripetal acceleration 17, 平面极坐标系, plane polar coordinates system 18, 自然坐标系, natural coordinates system 19, 抛体运动, projectile motion 20, 匀加速运动, uniformly accelerated motion 21, 横向位移, transverse displacement 22, 径向位移, radial displacement 23, 横向速度, transverse velocity 24, 径向速度, radial velocity 25, 横向加速度, transverse acceleration 26, 径向加速度, radial acceleration 27, 柱面坐标系, cylindrical coordinates system 28, 切向单位矢量, tangential unit vector 29, 法向单位矢量, normal unit vector 30, 曲率圆, circle of curvature 31, 曲率半径, radius of curvature 32, 切向加速度, tangential acceleration 33, 法向加速度, normal acceleration 34, 次法向单位矢量, secondary normal unit vector 35, 运动的分解, decomposition of motion 36, 运动的相对性, relativity of motion37, 牵连速度, convected velocity 38, 牵连加速度, convected acceleration质点动力学particle dynamics1, 动力学, dynamics 2, 伽利略思想实验, Galilean ideological experiment 3, 牛顿第一定律, Newton first law 4, 牛顿第二定律, Newton second law 5, 牛顿第三定律, Newton third law 6, 自由粒子, free particle 7, 惯性, inertia 8, 惯性定律, law of inertia 9, 惯性系, inertial system 10, 基准参考系, datum reference system 11, 基本惯性系, basic inertial system 12, 质量, mass 13, 惯性质量, inertial mass 14, 质量单位, unit of mass 15, 力, force 16, 自然界中常见的力, various forces in nature 17, 弹性力, elastic force 18, 张力, tension 19, 支承力, suporting force 20, 正压力, normal pressure 21, 耗散力, dissipative force 22, 质点运动方程, equation of motion of particle 23, 第一类动力学问题, first kind dynamic problem 24,第二类动力学问题, second kind dynamic problem 25, 隔离体法, free body method26, 反问题, inverse problem 27, 阿特伍德机, Atwood machine 28, 约束, constraint 29, 动量, momentum 30, 冲量, impulse 31, 动量定理, theorem of momentum 32, 冲击力, impulsive force 33, 平均冲击力, average impulsive force 34, 动量中心系, center-of–momentum system 35, 零动量参考系, zero momentum system 36, 质心, center of mass 37, 质心参考系, center-of-mass system 38, 质心( 运动) 定理, theorem of Motion of centre-of-mass 39, 动量守恒定律, low of Conservation of Momentum 40, 两质点间的相互作用, interactions between two particles 41, 两个质点理想实验, ideal experiment in two particles 42, 动量瞬时变化率, instantaneous rate of change of momentum 43, 力的叠加原理, superposition principle of forces 44, 质点系动量守恒的条件, conditions of momentum conservation of particle system 45, 两体力, bin a ray force 46, 系统, system 47, 外界, surroundings / Environment 48, 内力, internal force 49, 外力, external force 50, 火箭, rocket 51, 反冲, recoil 52, 重力效应, gravity effect 53, 空气阻力, air resistance 54, 功, work 55, 标积( 点乘) , scalar product 56, 矢积( 叉乘) , vector product 57, 能量, energy 58, 能量单位, unit of energy 59, 功率, power 60, 功率单位, unit of power 61, 额定功率, rated power 62, 动能, kinetic energy 63, 动能定理, theorem of kinetic energy 64, 弹性力, elastic force 65, 势能, potential energy 66, 耗散力, dissipative force 67, 碰撞, collision 68, 非接触作用, non-contact action 69, 角分布, angular distribution 70, 完全弹性碰撞, perfect Elastic collision 71, 完全非弹性碰撞,perfect inelastic collision 72, 恢复系数, coefficient of restitution 73, 两体碰撞, finary collision 74, 对心碰撞( 正碰) , direct impact 75, 质心速度, centre-of-mass velocity 76, 约化质量, reduced mass 77, 相对动能, relative kinetic energy 78, 力偶, couple刚体运动学kinetics of rigid body1, 刚体运动学, kinetics of rigid body 2, 圆周运动, circle motion 3, 转动, rotation 4, 平移( 平动) , translation 5, 刚体, rigid body 6, 柔体, flexible body 7, 弹性体, elastic body 8, 形变, deformation 9, 自由度, degree of freedom 10, 刚体的平移, translation of rigid body11, 刚体的平面平行运动, plane-parallel motion of rigid body 12, 刚体的转动, rotation of rigid body 13, 刚体的定轴转动, fixed-axis rotation of rigid body 14, 角位移, angular displacement15, 角速度, angular velocity 16, 角加速度, angular acceleration 17, 右手螺旋法则, right-handed screw rule 18, 转速, rotative velocity刚体动力学dynamics of rigid body1, 刚体动力学, dynamics of rigid body 2, 角分布, angular distribution 3, 约化质量, reduced mass 4, 相对动能, relative kinetic energy 5, 冲击摆, ballistic pendulum 6, 力矩, moment of force / torque 7, 角动量, angular momentum 8, 动量矩, moment of momentum 9, 质点的角动量定理, theorem of angular momentum of particle 10, 质点的角动量守恒定律, conservation law of angular momentum of particle 11, 圆锥摆, conicle pendulum 12, 质点系的角动量定理, theorem of angular momentum of particles system 13, 质点系的角动量守恒定律, conservation law of angular momentum of particles system 14, 质心参考系与重力, center-of-mass system and gravity 15, 质心系的角动量定理, theorem of Angular momentum in center-of-mass system 16, 力偶, couple of force 17, 固有角动量, proper angular momentum18, 轨道角动量, orbital angular momentum 19, 有心力, central force 20, 力心, center of force 21, 中心对称有心力, spherically symmetrical central force 22, 有心力场, central field 23, 定轴转动刚体的角动量, angular momentum of rigid body in rotational motion about foxed axis 24, 转动惯量, moment of inertia / rotational inertia 25, 惯量主轴, principal axis of inertia 26, 主转动惯量, principal moment of inertia 27, 均匀刚体的转动惯量, moment of inertia of uniform rigid body 28, 平行轴定理, parallel axis theorem 29, 垂直轴定理, perpendicular axis theorem 30, 刚体定轴转动的角动量定理, angular momentum theorem of rigid body in rotational motion about foxed axis 31, 刚体定轴转动的角动量守恒定律, law of conservation of angular momentum of rigid body in rotational motion about foxed axis 32, 刚体定轴转动的转动定理, law of rotation of rigid body in rotational motion 33, 刚体定轴转动的角冲量定理, angular impulse theorem of rigid body in rotational motion 34, 刚体定轴转动的动能定理, kinetic energy theorem of rigid body in rotational motion 35, 瞬心, instantaneous center 36, 陀螺, top 37, 陀螺仪, gyroscope 38, 陀螺的进动, precession of top 39, 回转效应, gyroscopic effect 40, 章动, nutation41, 常平架陀螺仪, gyroscope in gimbal 42, 杠杆陀螺仪, lever gyroscope 43, 哑铃实验, dumbbell experiment刚体动力学dynamics of rigid body1, 刚体动力学, dynamics of rigid body 2, 角分布, angular distribution 3, 约化质量, reduced mass 4, 相对动能, relative kinetic energy 5, 冲击摆, ballistic pendulum 6, 力矩, moment of force / torque 7, 角动量, angular momentum 8, 动量矩, moment of momentum 9, 质点的角动量定理, theorem of angular momentum of particle 10, 质点的角动量守恒定律, conservation law of angular momentum of particle 11, 圆锥摆, conicle pendulum 12, 质点系的角动量定理, theorem of angular momentum of particles system 13, 质点系的角动量守恒定律, conservation law of angular momentum of particles system 14, 质心参考系与重力,center-of-mass system and gravity 15, 质心系的角动量定理, theorem of Angular momentum in center-of-mass system 16, 力偶, couple of force 17, 固有角动量, proper angular momentum18, 轨道角动量, orbital angular momentum 19, 有心力, central force 20, 力心, center of force 21, 中心对称有心力, spherically symmetrical central force 22, 有心力场, central field 23, 定轴转动刚体的角动量, angular momentum of rigid body in rotational motion about foxed axis 24, 转动惯量, moment of inertia / rotational inertia 25, 惯量主轴, principal axis of inertia 26, 主转动惯量, principal moment of inertia 27, 均匀刚体的转动惯量, moment of inertia of uniform rigid body 28, 平行轴定理, parallel axis theorem 29, 垂直轴定理, perpendicular axis theorem 30, 刚体定轴转动的角动量定理, angular momentum theorem of rigid body in rotational motion about foxed axis 31, 刚体定轴转动的角动量守恒定律, law of conservation of angular momentum of rigid body in rotational motion about foxed axis 32, 刚体定轴转动的转动定理, law of rotation of rigid body in rotational motion 33, 刚体定轴转动的角冲量定理, angular impulse theorem of rigid body in rotational motion 34, 刚体定轴转动的动能定理, kinetic energy theorem of rigid body in rotational motion 35, 瞬心, instantaneous center 36, 陀螺, top 37, 陀螺仪, gyroscope 38, 陀螺的进动, precession of top 39, 回转效应, gyroscopic effect 40, 章动, nutation 41, 常平架陀螺仪, gyroscope in gimbal 42, 杠杆陀螺仪, lever gyroscope 43, 哑铃实验, dumbbell experiment静力学statics1, 静力学, statics 2, 胡克定律, Hooke law 3, 劲度, stiffness 4, 摩擦力, friction force 5,劲度系数, coefficient of Stiffness 6, 滑动摩擦力, sliding friction Force 7, 滑动摩擦系数, coefficient of sliding friction 8, 摩擦系数, coefficient of friction 9, 静摩擦系数, coefficient of static friction 10, 静摩擦力, static friction Force 11, 最大静摩擦力, maximun static friction force 12, 平衡条件, conditions of equiliblium 13, 平衡位置, equiliblium position 14, 随遇平衡, indifferent equilibrium 15, 稳定平衡, stable equilibrium 16, 不稳定平衡, non-stable equilibrium 17, 支承力, suporting force 18, 正压力, normal pressure引力定律law of gravitation1, 开普勒定律, Kepler law 2, 开普勒第二定律, Kepler second law 3, 绝对测量, absolute measure 4, 相对测量, relative measure 5, 终极速度, terminal velocity 6, 伽利略相对性原理, Galilean principle of relativity 7, 伽利略船舱, Galilei's cabin 8, 伽利略变换, Galilean transformation 9, 绝对时空观, absolute view of space-time 10, 非惯性系, noninertialsystem11, 惯性力, inertial force 12, 惯性离心力, inertial centrifugal force 13, 科里奥利力, coriolis force 14, 弹簧秤, spring balance 15, 测力器, force measure 16, 赤道信风, trade winds 17, 傅科摆, Foucault pendulum 18, 卫星, satellite 19, 人造卫星, artificial satellite 20, 同步卫星, synchronous satellite 21, 卫星轨道, The orbit of satellite 22, 同步通信卫星, synchronous communication s satellite 23, 同步卫星轨道, the orbit of synchronous satellite 24, [ 卫星] 全球定位系统, Global Positioning System (GPS) 25, 哈雷彗星, Halley comet 26,中子星, neutron star 27, 脉冲星, plsar 28, 蟹状星云, cab Nebula 29, 潮汐, tde 30, 保守力, conservative force 31, 保守系, conservative system 32, 耗散过程, dissipative process 33, 势能曲线, potential energy curve 34, 势能函数, potential energy function 35, 航天器的轨道, the orbit of spacecraft 36, 第一宇宙速度, first cosmic velocity 37, 第二宇宙速度, aecond cosmic velocity 38, 第三宇宙速度, third cosmic velocity 39, 逃逸速度, velocity of escape 40, 典型星体的逃逸速度, scape velocity of typical star 41, 天体系统的旋转盘状结构, rotational disc structure of celestial system 42, 空气阻力, air resistance 43, 超新星爆发, supernova explosion 44, 离心势能, centrifugal potential 45, 有效势, effective potential 46, 瞄准距离,aiming diatance 47, 掠面速度, areal velocity 48, 地球质量, mass of the Earth 49, 电子质量, mass of electron 50, 地日平均距离, earth-sun average distance 51, 万有引力定律, law of universal gravitation 52, 平方反比律, inverse square law 53, 引力定律, law of gravitation 54, 引力质量, gravitational mass 55, 引力坍缩, gravitation collapse 56, 引力势能, gravitational potential energy 57, 有心力, central force 58, 力心, center of force 59, 有心力场, central field 60, 中心对称有心力, spherically symmetrical central force 61, 质心参考系与重力, center-of-mass system and gravity 62, 重力, gravity 63, 重力效应, gravity effect 64, 重力势能, cravity potential energy 65, 重力加速度, acceleration of gravity 66, 重量与纬度的关系, the relation of weight and latitude 67, 重量, weight 68, 超重, overweight 69, 失重, weightlessness简谐振动harmonic oscillation1, 简谐运动方程, harmonic vibration equation2, 谐振子, harmonic oscillator 3, 自由振动, free vibration 4, 单摆, simple pendulum 5, 恢复力, restitution force 6, 振幅, amplitude 7,周期, period 8, 频率, frequency 9, 角频率, angular frequency 10, 圆频率, circular frequency 11, 相位, phase 12, 初相位, initial phase 13, 相位差, phase diference 14, 简谐量, harmonic quantity 15, 旋转矢量, rotational vector 16, 弹性劲度常量, elastic stiffness constant 17, 弹簧振子, spring oscillayor 18, 复摆, compound pendulum 19, 固有频率, natural frequency 20, 固有角频率, natural angular frequency 21, 简谐振动的合成, resultant of simple harmonic vibration 22, 简谐量叠加, superposition of harmonic quantity 23, 矢量图解法, method of vector diagram 24, 复数法, method of complex number 25, 同方向、同频率简谐振动的合成, resultant of simple harmonic vibration with same director and same frequency26, 同方向、不同频率简谐振动的合成, resultant of simple harmonic vibration with same director and diferent frequency 27, 拍, beat 28, 准简谐振动, quasi-harmonic vibration 29, 准周期运动, quasi-periodic motion 30, 包络, envelope 31, 拍频, beat frequency 32, 相互垂直、同频率简谐振动的合成, resultant of simple harmonic vibration with perpendicular director and same frequency 33, 相互垂直、不同频率简谐振动的合成, resultant of simple harmonic vibration with perpendicular director and diferent frequency 34, 李萨如图, Lissajous' figures 35, 里氏震级, rich ter scale 36, 周期性函数, periodicity function 37, 傅里叶级数, Fourier series 38, 正交性, orthogonality 39, 欧拉公式, Euler formula 40, 基频振动, basic frequency vibration 41, 谐频振动, harmonic frequency vibration 42, 频谱, frequency spectrum 43, 离散谱, discrete spectrum 44, 相图, phase diagram 45, 相轨, phase trajectory46, 非线性动力学, nonlinear dynamics 47, 混沌, chaos 48, 频谱分析, frequency spectrum analysis 49, 倍周期分岔, period doubling bifurcation 50, 非周期性函数, aperiodicity function 51, 傅里叶变换, Fourier transform 52, 傅里叶积分, Fourier integral 53, 连续谱, continuous spectrum 54, 阻尼振动, damped vibration 55, 阻尼因子, damping factor56, 欠阻尼, underdamping 57, 过阻尼, overdamping 58, 临界阻尼, critical damping59, 衰减常量, attenuation constant 60, 弛豫时间, relaxation time 61, 驱动力, driving force 62, 受迫振动, forced vibration 63, 共振, resonance 64, 元激发, elementary excitation 65, 准粒子, quasi-particle 12, 波线, wave ray 13, 波前, wave front 14, 波函数, wave function 15, 角波数, angular wavenumber 16, 行波, travelling wave 17, 传播矢量, propagation vector 18, 非色散波, nondispersion wave 19, 波动方程, wave equation 20, 色散现象, dispersion 21, 能量密度, energy density 22, 能流密度, energy flux density 23, 波的强度, intensity of wave 24, 声强, intensity of Sound 25, 光强, intensity of light 26, 声波, sound wave 27, 次声波, infrasonic wave 28, 超声波, supersonic wave 29, 闻阈, threshold ofHearing 30, 痛阈, threshold of feeling 31, 声级, sound level 32, 噪声, noise 33, 叠加原理, superposit i on principle 34, 相干波, coherent wave 35, 干涉, interference 36, 驻波, standing wave 37, 波腹, wave loop 38, 波节, wave node 39, 反射, reflection 40, 折射, refraction 41, 全波反射, whole-wave reflection 42, 半波反射, half-wave reflection 43, 半波损失,half-wave loss 44, 相长干涉, constructive interferance 45, 相消干涉, destructive interferance46, 波疏介质, rarefied media of wave 47, 波密介质, compressed media ofwave48, 脉冲, pulse 49, 载波, carrier (wave) 50, 波包, wave packet 51, 群速度, group velocity 52, 孤立波( 孤波) , solitary wave 53, 孤子, soliton 54, 多普勒效应, Doppler effect 55, 谱线红移, red shift of spectral line 56, 马赫锥, Mach cone 57, 马赫数, Mach number 58, 冲击波, Shock wave一、SCI 《科学引文索引》(Science Citation Index）二、EI《工程索引》（The Engineering Index)）三、ISTP 《科技会议录索引》（Index to Scientific dƒ Total differential ofthe function ƒｄƒ /ｄχDerivative of the function ƒ w ith respect to χnth derivative of the function ƒ …偏微分符号partial derivative 或者d 但这样读都不正规，最正规读法为round 因为这个符号是法国人发明的，一开始就叫round倒三角符号nabla梯度：grandient 符号为grad 散度：divergence 符号为div 可直接读作grandient （divergence）of ...旋度: rotor of ，A与B的乘积the ___ product of A and BA乘以B A times B or A is multiplied ∫the integral of … between.. and .. 在什么范围的积分X2 x square power or order ，x3 x cube power or order，xn x n power or order，√￣x the square root of x，3√￣x the cube root of x小数点前面的基数词和前面讲的基数词的读法相同；小数点后的数字则必须一一读出：0．0089→（zero ／naught）point zero zero eight nine ，1．36→one point three six ，0．68％zero point six eight percent ，6％six percent ，A/B A over B B分之A ，2／3 two thirds ，f(x) f of x 函数f(x) ，f‘f撇 f prime，f* f星asterisk ，1:2 The ratio of one to two，＋plus 加号；正号，-minus 减号；负号，±plus or minus 正负号，×is multiplied by or times or cross叉乘，÷is divided by 除号，＝is equal to 等于号，≠is not equal to 不等于号，≡is equivalent to 全等于号，≌is equal to or approximately equal to 等于或约等于号，≈is approximately equal to 约等于号，＜is less than 小于号，＞is more than （is greater than在数学中更常用）大于号，≤is not less than 不小于号，≥is not more than 不大于号，≢is less than or equal to 小于或等于号，≣is more than or equal to 大于或等于号，2+3=5 Two plus three is(equals,isequal to)five.5-3=2 Five minus three is equal to two.3×2=6 Three times two is six.or Three by two are six.9÷3=3 Nine divided bythreemakesthree.薛定谔方程读作i h bar round ψover round t is equal to minius h bar square nabla squareover two m plus V times ψ。
力学常用词汇
结点法method of joints截面法method of sections结点力joint forces共轭位移conjugate displacement影响线influence line三弯矩方程three-moment equation单位虚力unit virtual force刚度系数stiffness coefficient柔度系数flexibility coefficient力矩分配moment distribution力矩分配法moment distribution method力矩再分配moment redistribution分配系数distribution factor矩阵位移法matri displacement method单元刚度矩阵element stiffness matrix单元应变矩阵element strain matrix总体坐标global coordinates贝蒂定理Betti theorem高斯--若尔当消去法Gauss-Jordan eliminationMethod屈曲模态buckling mode复合材料力学mechanics of composites复合材料composite material纤维复合材料fibrous composite单向复合材料unidirectional composite泡沫复合材料foamed composite颗粒复合材料particulate composite层板Laminate夹层板sandwich panel正交层板cross-ply laminate斜交层板angle-ply laminate层片Ply多胞固体cellular solid膨胀Expansion压实Debulk劣化Degradation脱层Delamination脱粘Debond纤维应力fiber stress层应力ply stress层应变ply strain层间应力interlaminar stress比强度specific strength强度折减系数strength reduction factor 强度应力比strength -stress ratio横向剪切模量transverse shear modulus横观各向同性transverse isotropy正交各向异Orthotropy剪滞分析shear lag analysis短纤维chopped fiber长纤维continuous fiber纤维方向fiber direction纤维断裂fiber break纤维拔脱fiber pull-out纤维增强fiber reinforcement致密化Densification最小重量设计optimum weight design网格分析法netting analysis混合律rule of mixture失效准则failure criterion蔡--吴失效准则Tsai-W u failure criterion达格代尔模型Dugdale model断裂力学fracture mechanics概率断裂力学probabilistic fractureMechanics格里菲思理论Griffith theory线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracturemechanics, LEFM弹塑性断裂力学elastic-plastic fracture mecha-nics, EPFM断裂Fracture脆性断裂brittle fracture解理断裂cleavage fracture蠕变断裂creep fracture延性断裂ductile fracture晶间断裂inter-granular fracture准解理断裂quasi-cleavage fracture穿晶断裂trans-granular fracture裂纹Crack裂缝Flaw缺陷Defect割缝Slit微裂纹Microcrack折裂Kink椭圆裂纹elliptical crack深埋裂纹embedded crack[钱]币状裂纹penny-shape crack预制裂纹Precrack短裂纹short crack表面裂纹surface crack裂纹钝化crack blunting裂纹分叉crack branching裂纹闭合crack closure裂纹前缘crack front裂纹嘴crack mouth裂纹张开角crack opening angle,COA裂纹张开位移crack opening displacement,COD 裂纹阻力crack resistance裂纹面crack surface裂纹尖端crack tip裂尖张角crack tip opening angle,CTOA裂尖张开位移crack tip opening displacement, CTOD裂尖奇异场crack tip singularityField裂纹扩展速率crack growth rate稳定裂纹扩展stable crack growth定常裂纹扩展steady crack growth亚临界裂纹扩展subcritical crack growth止裂crack arrest止裂韧度arrest toughness滑开型sliding mode张开型opening mode撕开型tearing mode复合型mixed mode撕裂模量tearing modulus断裂准则fracture criterionJ积分J-integralJ阻力曲线J-resistance curve断裂韧度fracture toughness应力强度因子stress intensity factorHRR场Hutchinson-Rice-RosengrenField守恒积分conservation integral有效应力张量effective stress tensor应变能密度strain energy density能量释放率energy release rate内聚区cohesive zone塑性区plastic zone张拉区stretched zone热影响区heat affected zone, HAZ延脆转变温度brittle-ductile transition tempe- rature剪切带shear band剪切唇shear lip 无损检测non-destructive inspection双边缺口试件double edge notchedspecimen, DEN specimen单边缺口试件single edge notched specimen, SEN specimen三点弯曲试件three point bendingspecimen, TPB specimen中心裂纹拉伸试件center cracked tensionspecimen, CCT specimen中心裂纹板试件center cracked panelspecimen, CCP specimen紧凑拉伸试件compact tension specimen,CT specimen大范围屈服large scale yielding小范围攻屈服small scale yielding韦布尔分布Weibull distribution帕里斯公式paris formula空穴化Cavitation应力腐蚀stress corrosion概率风险判定probabilistic risk assessment, PRA 损伤力学damage mechanics损伤Damage连续介质损伤力学continuum damage mechanics 细观损伤力学microscopic damage mechanics累积损伤accumulated damage脆性损伤brittle damage延性损伤ductile damage宏观损伤macroscopic damage细观损伤microscopic damage微观损伤microscopic damage损伤准则damage criterion损伤演化方程damage evolution equation损伤软化damage softening损伤强化damage strengthening损伤张量damage tensor损伤阈值damage threshold损伤矢量damage vector损伤区damage zone疲劳Fatigue低周疲劳low cycle fatigue应力疲劳stress fatigue蠕变疲劳creep fatigue疲劳损伤fatigue damage疲劳失效fatigue failure疲劳断裂fatigue fracture疲劳裂纹fatigue crack疲劳寿命fatigue life疲劳强度fatigue strength疲劳阈值fatigue threshold交变载荷alternating load交变应力alternating stress应力幅值stress amplitude应变疲劳strain fatigue应力循环stress cycle应力比stress ratio安全寿命safe life过载效应overloading effect循环硬化cyclic hardening循环软化cyclic softening环境效应environmental effect裂纹片crack gage裂纹扩展crack growth, crackPropagation 裂纹萌生crack initiation循环比cycle ratio实验应力分析experimental stressAnalysis 工作[应变]片active[strain] gage基底材料backing material应力计stress gage零[点]飘移zero shift, zero drift应变测量strain measurement应变计strain gage应变指示器strain indicator应变花strain rosette应变灵敏度strain sensitivity机械式应变仪mechanical strain gage直角应变花rectangular rosette引伸仪Extensometer应变遥测telemetering of strain横向灵敏系数transverse gage factor横向灵敏度transverse sensitivity焊接式应变计weldable strain gage平衡电桥balanced bridge粘贴式应变计bonded strain gage粘贴箔式应变计bonded foiled gage粘贴丝式应变计bonded wire gage桥路平衡bridge balancing电容应变计capacitance strain gage补偿片compensation technique 补偿技术compensation technique基准电桥reference bridge电阻应变计resistance strain gage温度自补偿应变计self-temperaturecompensating gage半导体应变计semiconductor strainGage集流器slip ring应变放大镜strain amplifier疲劳寿命计fatigue life gage电感应变计inductance [strain] gage光[测]力学Photomechanics光弹性Photoelasticity光塑性Photoplasticity杨氏条纹Young fringe双折射效应birefrigent effect等位移线contour of equalDisplacement暗条纹dark fringe条纹倍增fringe multiplication干涉条纹interference fringe等差线Isochromatic等倾线Isoclinic等和线isopachic应力光学定律stress- optic law主应力迹线Isostatic亮条纹light fringe光程差optical path difference热光弹性photo-thermo -elasticity光弹性贴片法photoelastic coatingMethod光弹性夹片法photoelastic sandwichMethod动态光弹性dynamic photo-elasticity空间滤波spatial filtering空间频率spatial frequency起偏镜Polarizer反射式光弹性仪reflection polariscope残余双折射效应residual birefringentEffect应变条纹值strain fringe value应变光学灵敏度strain-optic sensitivity应力冻结效应stress freezing effect应力条纹值stress fringe value应力光图stress-optic pattern暂时双折射效应temporary birefringentEffect脉冲全息法pulsed holography透射式光弹性仪transmission polariscope实时全息干涉法real-time holographicinterfero -metry网格法grid method全息光弹性法holo-photoelasticity全息图Hologram全息照相Holograph全息干涉法holographic interferometry全息云纹法holographic moire technique全息术Holography全场分析法whole-field analysis散斑干涉法speckle interferometry散斑Speckle错位散斑干涉法speckle-shearinginterferometry, shearography散斑图Specklegram白光散斑法white-light speckle method云纹干涉法moire interferometry[叠栅]云纹moire fringe[叠栅]云纹法moire method云纹图moire pattern离面云纹法off-plane moire method参考栅reference grating试件栅specimen grating分析栅analyzer grating面内云纹法in-plane moire method脆性涂层法brittle-coating method条带法strip coating method坐标变换transformation ofCoordinates计算结构力学computational structuralmecha-nics加权残量法weighted residual method有限差分法finite difference method有限[单]元法finite element method配点法point collocation里茨法Ritz method广义变分原理generalized variationalPrinciple最小二乘法least square method胡[海昌]一鹫津原理Hu-Washizu principle赫林格-赖斯纳原理Hellinger-ReissnerPrinciple修正变分原理modified variationalPrinciple约束变分原理constrained variationalPrinciple混合法mixed method杂交法hybrid method边界解法boundary solution method有限条法finite strip method 半解析法semi-analytical method协调元conforming element非协调元non-conforming element混合元mixed element杂交元hybrid element边界元boundary element强迫边界条件forced boundary condition自然边界条件natural boundary condition离散化Discretization离散系统discrete system连续问题continuous problem广义位移generalized displacement广义载荷generalized load广义应变generalized strain广义应力generalized stress界面变量interface variable节点node, nodal point[单]元Element角节点corner node内节点internal node无节点变量nodeless variable杆元bar element桁架杆元truss element梁元beam element二维元two-dimensional element一维元one-dimensional element三维元three-dimensional element轴对称元axisymmetric element板元plate element壳元shell element厚板元thick plate element三角形元triangular element四边形元quadrilateral element四面体元tetrahedral element二次元quadratic element线性元linear element三次元cubic element四次元quartic element等参[数]元isoparametric element超参数元super-parametric element亚参数元sub-parametric element节点数可变元variable-number-node element 拉格朗日元Lagrange element拉格朗日族Lagrange family巧凑边点元serendipity element巧凑边点族serendipity family无限元infinite element单元分析element analysis单元特性element characteristics刚度矩阵stiffness matrix几何矩阵geometric matrix等效节点力equivalent nodal force节点位移nodal displacement节点载荷nodal load位移矢量displacement vector载荷矢量load vector质量矩阵mass matrix集总质量矩阵lumped mass matrix相容质量矩阵consistent mass matrix瑞利阻尼Rayleigh damping刚度矩阵的组集assembly of stiffnessMatrices 载荷矢量的组集consistent mass matrix质量矩阵的组集assembly of mass matrices 单元的组集assembly of elements局部坐标系local coordinate system局部坐标local coordinate面积坐标area coordinates体积坐标volume coordinates曲线坐标curvilinear coordinates静凝聚static condensation合同变换contragradient transformation形状函数shape function试探函数trial function检验函数test function权函数weight function样条函数spline function代用函数substitute function降阶积分reduced integration零能模式zero-energy modeP收敛p-convergenceH收敛h-convergence掺混插值blended interpolation等参数映射isoparametric mapping双线性插值bilinear interpolation小块检验patch test非协调模式incompatible mode节点号node number单元号element number 带宽band width带状矩阵banded matrix变带状矩阵profile matrix带宽最小化minimization of band width波前法frontal method子空间迭代法subspace iteration method 行列式搜索法determinant search method 逐步法step-by-step method纽马克法Newmark威尔逊法Wilson拟牛顿法quasi-Newton method牛顿-拉弗森法Newton-Raphson method 增量法incremental method初应变initial strain初应力initial stress切线刚度矩阵tangent stiffness matrix割线刚度矩阵secant stiffness matrix模态叠加法mode superposition method 平衡迭代equilibrium iteration子结构Substructure子结构法substructure technique超单元super-element网格生成mesh generation结构分析程序structural analysis program 前处理pre-processing后处理post-processing网格细化mesh refinement应力光顺stress smoothing组合结构composite structure。
力学英文词汇
力学mechanics牛顿力学Newtonian mechanics经典力学classical mechanics静力学statics运动学kinematics动力学dynamics动理学kinetics宏观力学macroscopic mechanics,macromechanics 细观力学mesomechanics微观力学microscopic mechanics,micromechanics 一般力学general mechanics固体力学solid mechanics流体力学fluid mechanics理论力学theoretical mechanics应用力学applied mechanics工程力学engineering mechanics实验力学experimental mechanics计算力学computational mechanics理性力学rational mechanics物理力学physical mechanics地球动力学geodynamics力force作用点point of action作用线line of action力系system of forces力系的简化reduction of force system 等效力系equivalent force system刚体rigid body力的可传性transmissibility of force平行四边形定则parallelogram rule力三角形force triangle力多边形force polygon零力系null-force system平衡equilibrium 。
，力的平衡equilibrium of forces平衡条件equilibrium condition平衡位置equilibrium position平衡态equilibrium state分析力学analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日[量] Lagrangian拉格朗日括号Lagrange bracket循环坐标cyclic coordinate循环积分cyclic integral哈密顿[量] Hamiltonian哈密顿函数Hamiltonian function正则方程canonical equation正则摄动canonical perturbation正则变换canonical transformation正则变量canonical variable哈密顿原理Hamilton principle作用量积分action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程Hamilton-Jacobi equation 作用--角度变量action-angle variables阿佩尔方程Appell equation劳斯方程Routh equation拉格朗日函数Lagrangian function诺特定理Noether theorem泊松括号poisson bracket边界积分法boundary integral method并矢dyad运动稳定性stability of motion轨道稳定性orbital stability李雅普诺夫函数Lyapunov function渐近稳定性asymptotic stability结构稳定性structural stability久期不稳定性secular instability弗洛凯定理Floquet theorem倾覆力矩capsizing moment自由振动free vibration固有振动natural vibration暂态transient state环境振动ambient vibration反共振anti-resonance衰减attenuation库仑阻尼Coulomb damping同相分量in-phase component非同相分量out-of -phase component超调量overshoot参量[激励]振动parametric vibration模糊振动fuzzy vibration临界转速critical speed of rotation阻尼器damper半峰宽度half-peak width集总参量系统lumped parameter system 相平面法phase plane method相轨迹phase trajectory等倾线法isocline method跳跃现象jump phenomenon负阻尼negative damping达芬方程Duffing equation希尔方程Hill equationKBM方法KBM method, Krylov-Bogoliu-bov-Mitropol'skii met hod马蒂厄方程Mathieu equation平均法averaging method组合音调combination tone解谐detuning耗散函数dissipative function硬激励hard excitation硬弹簧hard spring, hardening spring谐波平衡法harmonic balance method久期项secular term自激振动self-excited vibration分界线separatrix亚谐波subharmonic软弹簧soft spring ,softening spring软激励soft excitation邓克利公式Dunkerley formula瑞利定理Rayleigh theorem分布参量系统distributed parameter system优势频率dominant frequency模态分析modal analysis固有模态natural mode of vibration同步synchronization超谐波ultraharmonic范德波尔方程van der pol equation频谱frequency spectrum基频fundamental frequencyWKB方法WKB method, Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method 缓冲器buffer风激振动aeolian vibration嗡鸣buzz倒谱cepstrum颤动chatter蛇行hunting阻抗匹配impedance matching机械导纳mechanical admittance机械效率mechanical efficiency机械阻抗mechanical impedance随机振动stochastic vibration, random vibration隔振vibration isolation减振vibration reduction应力过冲stress overshoot喘振surge摆振shimmy起伏运动phugoid motion起伏振荡phugoid oscillation驰振galloping陀螺动力学gyrodynamics陀螺摆gyropendulum陀螺平台gyroplatform陀螺力矩gyroscoopic torque陀螺稳定器gyrostabilizer陀螺体gyrostat惯性导航inertial guidance姿态角attitude angle方位角azimuthal angle舒勒周期Schuler period机器人动力学robot dynamics多体系统multibody system多刚体系统multi-rigid-body system 机动性maneuverability凯恩方法Kane method转子[系统]动力学rotor dynamics转子[一支承一基础]系统rotor-support-foundation system静平衡static balancing动平衡dynamic balancing静不平衡static unbalance动不平衡dynamic unbalance现场平衡field balancing不平衡unbalance不平衡量unbalance互耦力cross force挠性转子flexible rotor分频进动fractional frequency precession半频进动half frequency precession油膜振荡oil whip转子临界转速rotor critical speed自动定心self-alignment亚临界转速subcritical speed涡动whirlI CAN FLY￥￥零积分下载全部资料￥￥/show/search.asp?sel=admin_name&keywords=wangxy29992005-12-30 13:18:009楼：RE:【转贴】力学词汇[回复] [引用] [维护][查看该用户在资料中心上传的资料][个人资料][给他留言] [帖子合集]连续过程continuous process碰撞截面collision cross section通用气体常数conventional gas constant燃烧不稳定性combustion instability稀释度dilution完全离解complete dissociation火焰传播flame propagation组份constituent碰撞反应速率collision reaction rate燃烧理论combustion theory浓度梯度concentration gradient阴极腐蚀cathodic corrosion火焰速度flame speed火焰驻定flame stabilization火焰结构flame structure着火ignition湍流火焰turbulent flame层流火焰laminar flame燃烧带burning zone渗流flow in porous media, seepage 达西定律Darcy law赫尔-肖流Hele-Shaw flow毛[细]管流capillary flow过滤filtration爪进fingering不互溶驱替immiscible displacement 不互溶流体immiscible fluid互溶驱替miscible displacement互溶流体miscible fluid迁移率mobility流度比mobility ratio渗透率permeability孔隙度porosity多孔介质porous medium比面specific surfacee迂曲度tortuosity空隙void空隙分数void fraction注水water flooding可湿性wettability地球物理流体动力学geophysical fluid dynamics 物理海洋学physical oceanography大气环流atmospheric circulation海洋环流ocean circulation海洋流ocean current旋转流rotating flow平流advection埃克曼流Ekman flow埃克曼边界层Ekman boundary layer大气边界层atmospheric boundary layer大气-海洋相互作用atmosphere-ocean interaction 埃克曼数Ekman number罗斯贝数Rossby unmber罗斯贝波Rossby wave斜压性baroclinicity正压性barotropy内磨擦internal friction海洋波ocean wave盐度salinity环境流体力学environmental fluid mechanics 斯托克斯流Stokes flow羽流plume理查森数Richardson number污染源pollutant source污染物扩散pollutant diffusion噪声noise噪声级noise level噪声污染noise pollution排放物effulent工业流体力学industrical fluid mechanics流控技术fluidics轴向流axial flow并向流co-current flow对向流counter current flow横向流cross flow螺旋流spiral flow旋拧流swirling flow滞后流after flow混合层mixing layer抖振buffeting风压wind pressure附壁效应wall attachment effect, Coanda effect简约频率reduced frequency爆炸力学mechanics of explosion终点弹道学terminal ballistics动态超高压技术dynamic ultrahigh pressure technique 流体弹塑性体hydro-elastoplastic medium热塑不稳定性thermoplastic instability空中爆炸explosion in air地下爆炸underground explosion水下爆炸underwater explosion电爆炸discharge-induced explosion激光爆炸laser-induced explosion核爆炸nuclear explosion点爆炸point-source explosion殉爆sympathatic detonation强爆炸intense explosion粒子束爆炸explosion by beam radiation聚爆implosion起爆initiation of explosion爆破blasting霍普金森杆Hopkinson bar电炮electric gun电磁炮electromagnetic gun爆炸洞explosion chamber轻气炮light gas gun马赫反射Mach reflection基浪base surge成坑cratering能量沉积energy deposition爆心explosion center爆炸当量explosion equivalent火球fire ball爆高height of burst蘑菇云mushroom侵彻penetration规则反射regular reflection崩落spallation应变率史strain rate history流变学rheology聚合物减阻drag reduction by polymers 挤出[物]胀大extrusion swell, die swell无管虹吸tubeless siphon剪胀效应dilatancy effect孔压[误差]效应hole-pressure[error]effect 剪切致稠shear thickening剪切致稀shear thinning触变性thixotropy反触变性anti-thixotropy超塑性superplasticity粘弹塑性材料viscoelasto-plastic material 滞弹性材料anelastic material本构关系constitutive relation麦克斯韦模型Maxwell model沃伊特-开尔文模型Voigt-Kelvin model宾厄姆模型Bingham model奥伊洛特模型Oldroyd model幂律模型power law model应力松驰stress relaxation应变史strain history应力史stress history记忆函数memory function衰退记忆fading memory应力增长stress growing粘度函数voscosity function相对粘度relative viscosity复态粘度complex viscosity拉伸粘度elongational viscosity拉伸流动elongational flow第一法向应力差first normal-stress difference第二法向应力差second normal-stress difference 德博拉数Deborah number魏森贝格数Weissenberg number动态模量dynamic modulus振荡剪切流oscillatory shear flow宇宙气体动力学cosmic gas dynamics等离[子]体动力学plasma dynamics电离气体ionized gas行星边界层planetary boundary layer阿尔文波Alfven wave泊肃叶-哈特曼流] Poiseuille-Hartman flow哈特曼数Hartman number生物流变学biorheology生物流体biofluid生物屈服点bioyield point生物屈服应力bioyield stress电气体力学electro-gas dynamics铁流体力学ferro-hydrodynamics血液流变学hemorheology, blood rheology血液动力学hemodynamics磁流体力学magneto fluid mechanics磁流体动力学magnetohydrodynamics, MHD磁流体动力波magnetohydrodynamic wave磁流体流magnetohydrodynamic flow磁流体动力稳定性magnetohydrodynamic stability 生物力学biomechanics生物流体力学biological fluid mechanics生物固体力学biological solid mechanics宾厄姆塑性流Bingham plastic flow开尔文体Kelvin body沃伊特体Voigt body可贴变形applicable deformation可贴曲面applicable surface边界润滑boundary lubrication液膜润滑fluid film lubrication向心收缩功concentric work离心收缩功eccentric work关节反作用力joint reaction force微循环力学microcyclic mechanics微纤维microfibril渗透性permeability生理横截面积physiological cross-sectional area 农业生物力学agrobiomechanics纤维度fibrousness硬皮度rustiness胶粘度gumminess粘稠度stickiness嫩度tenderness渗透流osmotic flow易位流translocation flow蒸腾流transpirational flow过滤阻力filtration resistance压扁wafering风雪流snow-driving wind停滞堆积accretion遇阻堆积encroachment沙漠地面desert floor流沙固定fixation of shifting sand流动阈值fluid thresholdI CAN FLY￥￥零积分下载全部资料￥￥/show/search.asp?sel=admin_nam e&keywords=wangxy29992005-12-30 13:23:001楼：RE:【转贴】力学词汇[回复] [引用] [维护][查看该用户在资料中心上传的资料][个人资料][给他留言] [帖子合集]固体力学弹性力学elasticity弹性理论theory of elasticity均匀应力状态homogeneous state of stress应力不变量stress invariant应变不变量strain invariant应变椭球strain ellipsoid均匀应变状态homogeneous state of strain应变协调方程equation of strain compatibility拉梅常量Lame constants各向同性弹性isotropic elasticity旋转圆盘rotating circular disk楔wedge开尔文问题Kelvin problem布西内斯克问题Boussinesq problem艾里应力函数Airy stress function克罗索夫--穆斯赫利什维利法Kolosoff-Muskhelishvili method 基尔霍夫假设Kirchhoff hypothesis板Plate矩形板Rectangular plate圆板Circular plate环板Annular plate波纹板Corrugated plate加劲板Stiffened plate,reinforced Plate中厚板Plate of moderate thickness弯[曲]应力函数Stress function of bending壳Shell扁壳Shallow shell旋转壳Revolutionary shell球壳Spherical shell[圆]柱壳Cylindrical shell锥壳Conical shell环壳Toroidal shell封闭壳Closed shell波纹壳Corrugated shell扭[转]应力函数Stress function of torsion 翘曲函数Warping function半逆解法semi-inverse method瑞利--里茨法Rayleigh-Ritz method松弛法Relaxation method莱维法Levy method松弛Relaxation量纲分析Dimensional analysis自相似[性] self-similarity影响面Influence surface接触应力Contact stress赫兹理论Hertz theory协调接触Conforming contact滑动接触Sliding contact滚动接触Rolling contact压入Indentation各向异性弹性Anisotropic elasticity颗粒材料Granular material散体力学Mechanics of granular media热弹性Thermoelasticity超弹性Hyperelasticity粘弹性Viscoelasticity对应原理Correspondence principle褶皱Wrinkle塑性全量理论Total theory of plasticity 滑动Sliding微滑Microslip粗糙度Roughness非线性弹性Nonlinear elasticity大挠度Large deflection突弹跳变snap-through有限变形Finite deformation格林应变Green strain阿尔曼西应变Almansi strain弹性动力学Dynamic elasticity运动方程Equation of motion准静态的Quasi-static气动弹性Aeroelasticity水弹性Hydroelasticity颤振Flutter弹性波Elastic wave简单波Simple wave柱面波Cylindrical wave水平剪切波Horizontal shear wave竖直剪切波Vertical shear wave体波body wave无旋波Irrotational wave畸变波Distortion wave膨胀波Dilatation wave瑞利波Rayleigh wave等容波Equivoluminal wave勒夫波Love wave界面波Interfacial wave边缘效应edge effect塑性力学Plasticity可成形性Formability金属成形Metal forming耐撞性Crashworthiness结构抗撞毁性Structural crashworthiness 拉拔Drawing破坏机构Collapse mechanism回弹Springback挤压Extrusion冲压Stamping穿透Perforation层裂Spalling塑性理论Theory of plasticity安定[性]理论Shake-down theory运动安定定理kinematic shake-down theorem 静力安定定理Static shake-down theorem率相关理论rate dependent theorem载荷因子load factor加载准则Loading criterion加载函数Loading function加载面Loading surface塑性加载Plastic loading塑性加载波Plastic loading wave简单加载Simple loading比例加载Proportional loading卸载Unloading卸载波Unloading wave冲击载荷Impulsive load阶跃载荷step load脉冲载荷pulse load极限载荷limit load中性变载nentral loading拉抻失稳instability in tension加速度波acceleration wave本构方程constitutive equation完全解complete solution名义应力nominal stress过应力over-stress真应力true stress等效应力equivalent stress流动应力flow stress应力间断stress discontinuity应力空间stress space主应力空间principal stress space静水应力状态hydrostatic state of stress 对数应变logarithmic strain工程应变engineering strain等效应变equivalent strain应变局部化strain localization应变率strain rate应变率敏感性strain rate sensitivity应变空间strain space有限应变finite strain塑性应变增量plastic strain increment累积塑性应变accumulated plastic strain永久变形permanent deformation内变量internal variable应变软化strain-softening理想刚塑性材料rigid-perfectly plastic Material 刚塑性材料rigid-plastic material理想塑性材料perfectl plastic material材料稳定性stability of material应变偏张量deviatoric tensor of strain应力偏张量deviatori tensor of stress应变球张量spherical tensor of strain应力球张量spherical tensor of stress路径相关性path-dependency线性强化linear strain-hardening应变强化strain-hardening随动强化kinematic hardening各向同性强化isotropic hardening强化模量strain-hardening modulus幂强化power hardening塑性极限弯矩plastic limit bending Moment 塑性极限扭矩plastic limit torque弹塑性弯曲elastic-plastic bending弹塑性交界面elastic-plastic interface弹塑性扭转elastic-plastic torsion粘塑性Viscoplasticity非弹性Inelasticity理想弹塑性材料elastic-perfectly plastic Material 极限分析limit analysis极限设计limit design极限面limit surface上限定理upper bound theorem上屈服点upper yield point下限定理lower bound theorem下屈服点lower yield point界限定理bound theorem初始屈服面initial yield surface后继屈服面subsequent yield surface屈服面[的]外凸性convexity of yield surface截面形状因子shape factor of cross-section沙堆比拟sand heap analogy屈服Yield屈服条件yield condition屈服准则yield criterion屈服函数yield function屈服面yield surface塑性势plastic potential能量吸收装置energy absorbing device能量耗散率energy absorbing device塑性动力学dynamic plasticity塑性动力屈曲dynamic plastic buckling塑性动力响应dynamic plastic response塑性波plastic wave运动容许场kinematically admissible Field静力容许场statically admissible Field流动法则flow rule速度间断velocity discontinuity滑移线slip-lines滑移线场slip-lines field移行塑性铰travelling plastic hinge塑性增量理论incremental theory of Plasticity 米泽斯屈服准则Mises yield criterion普朗特--罗伊斯关系prandtl- Reuss relation 特雷斯卡屈服准则Tresca yield criterion洛德应力参数Lode stress parameter莱维--米泽斯关系Levy-Mises relation亨基应力方程Hencky stress equation赫艾--韦斯特加德应力空间Haigh-Westergaard stress space 洛德应变参数Lode strain parameter德鲁克公设Drucker postulate盖林格速度方程Geiringer velocity EquationI CAN FLY￥￥零积分下载全部资料￥￥/show/search.asp?sel=admin_nam e&keywords=wangxy29992005-12-30 13:18:002楼：RE:【转贴】力学词汇[回复] [引用] [维护][查看该用户在资料中心上传的资料][个人资料][给他留言] [帖子合集]结构力学structural mechanics结构分析structural analysis结构动力学structural dynamics拱Arch三铰拱three-hinged arch抛物线拱parabolic arch圆拱circular arch穹顶Dome空间结构space structure空间桁架space truss雪载[荷] snow load风载[荷] wind load土压力earth pressure地震载荷earthquake loading弹簧支座spring support支座位移support displacement支座沉降support settlement超静定次数degree of indeterminacy 机动分析kinematic analysis结点法method of joints截面法method of sections结点力joint forces共轭位移conjugate displacement影响线influence line三弯矩方程three-moment equation 单位虚力unit virtual force刚度系数stiffness coefficient柔度系数flexibility coefficient力矩分配moment distribution力矩分配法moment distribution method力矩再分配moment redistribution分配系数distribution factor矩阵位移法matri displacement method单元刚度矩阵element stiffness matrix单元应变矩阵element strain matrix总体坐标global coordinates贝蒂定理Betti theorem高斯--若尔当消去法Gauss-Jordan elimination Method 屈曲模态buckling mode复合材料力学mechanics of composites复合材料composite material纤维复合材料fibrous composite单向复合材料unidirectional composite泡沫复合材料foamed composite颗粒复合材料particulate composite层板Laminate夹层板sandwich panel正交层板cross-ply laminate斜交层板angle-ply laminate层片Ply多胞固体cellular solid膨胀Expansion压实Debulk劣化Degradation脱层Delamination脱粘Debond纤维应力fiber stress层应力ply stress层应变ply strain层间应力interlaminar stressspecific strength强度折减系数strength reduction factor强度应力比strength -stress ratio横向剪切模量trans isotropy正交各向异Orthotrop verse shear modulus 横观各向同性transversey剪滞分析shear lag analysis短纤维chopped fiber长纤维continuous fiber纤维方向fiber direction纤维断裂fiber break纤维拔脱fiber pull-out纤维增强fiber reinforcement致密化Densification最小重量设计optimum weight design网格分析法netting analysis混合律rule of mixture失效准则failure criterion蔡--吴失效准则Tsai-W u failure criterion达格代尔模型Dugdale model断裂力学fracture mechanics概率断裂力学probabilistic fracture Mechanics格里菲思理论Griffith theory线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracture mechanics, LEFM 弹塑性断裂力学elastic-plastic fracture mecha-nics, EPFM 断裂Fracture脆性断裂brittle fracture解理断裂cleavage fracture蠕变断裂creep fracture延性断裂ductile fracture晶间断裂inter-granular fracture准解理断裂quasi-cleavage fracture穿晶断裂trans-granular fracture裂纹Crack裂缝Flaw缺陷Defect割缝Slit微裂纹Microcrack折裂Kink椭圆裂纹elliptical crack深埋裂纹embedded crack[钱]币状裂纹penny-shape crack预制裂纹Precrack短裂纹short crack表面裂纹surface crack裂纹钝化crack blunting裂纹分叉crack branching裂纹闭合crack closure裂纹前缘crack front裂纹嘴crack mouth裂纹张开角crack opening angle,COA裂纹张开位移crack opening displacement, COD 裂纹阻力crack resistance裂纹面crack surface裂纹尖端crack tip裂尖张角crack tip opening angle, CTOA裂尖张开位移crack tip opening displacement, CTOD 裂尖奇异场crack tip singularity Field裂纹扩展速率crack growth rate稳定裂纹扩展stable crack growth定常裂纹扩展steady crack growth亚临界裂纹扩展subcritical crack growth裂纹[扩展]减速crack retardation止裂crack arrest止裂韧度arrest toughness断裂类型fracture mode滑开型sliding mode张开型opening mode撕开型tearing mode复合型mixed mode撕裂Tearing撕裂模量tearing modulus断裂准则fracture criterionJ积分J-integralJ阻力曲线J-resistance curve断裂韧度fracture toughness应力强度因子stress intensity factorHRR场Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren Field守恒积分conservation integral有效应力张量effective stress tensor应变能密度strain energy density能量释放率energy release rate内聚区cohesive zone塑性区plastic zone张拉区stretched zone热影响区heat affected zone, HAZ延脆转变温度brittle-ductile transition temperature2005-12-30 13:19:00连续问题continuous problem广义位移generalized displacement广义载荷generalized load广义应变generalized strain广义应力generalized stress界面变量interface variable节点node, nodal point[单]元Element角节点corner node边节点mid-side node内节点internal node无节点变量nodeless variable杆元bar element桁架杆元truss element梁元beam element二维元two-dimensional element一维元one-dimensional element三维元three-dimensional element 轴对称元axisymmetric element板元plate element壳元shell element厚板元thick plate element三角形元triangular element四边形元quadrilateral element四面体元tetrahedral element曲线元curved element二次元quadratic element线性元linear element三次元cubic element四次元quartic element等参[数]元isoparametric element 超参数元super-parametric element亚参数元sub-parametric element节点数可变元variable-number-node element拉格朗日元Lagrange element拉格朗日族Lagrange family巧凑边点元serendipity element巧凑边点族serendipity family无限元infinite element单元分析element analysis单元特性element characteristics刚度矩阵stiffness matrix几何矩阵geometric matrix等效节点力equivalent nodal force节点位移nodal displacement节点载荷nodal load位移矢量displacement vector载荷矢量load vector质量矩阵mass matrix集总质量矩阵lumped mass matrix相容质量矩阵consistent mass matrix阻尼矩阵damping matrix瑞利阻尼Rayleigh damping刚度矩阵的组集assembly of stiffness Matrices载荷矢量的组集consistent mass matrix质量矩阵的组集assembly o f mass matrices 单元的组集assembly of elements局部坐标系local coordinate system局部坐标local coordinate面积坐标area coordinates体积坐标volume coordinates曲线坐标curvilinear coordinates静凝聚static condensation合同变换contragradient transformation形状函数shape function试探函数trial function检验函数test function权函数weight function样条函数spline function代用函数substitute function降阶积分reduced integration零能模式zero-energy modeP收敛p-convergenceH收敛h-convergence掺混插值blended interpolation等参数映射isoparametric mapping双线性插值bilinear interpolation小块检验patch test非协调模式incompatible mode节点号node number单元号element number带宽band width带状矩阵banded matrix变带状矩阵profile matrix带宽最小化minimization of band width波前法frontal method子空间迭代法subspace iteration method 行列式搜索法determinant search method 逐步法step-by-step method纽马克法Newmark威尔逊法Wilson拟牛顿法quasi-Newton method牛顿-拉弗森法Newton-Raphson method 增量法incremental method初应变initial strain初应力initial stress切线刚度矩阵tangent stiffness matrix割线刚度矩阵secant stiffness matrix模态叠加法mode superposition method平衡迭代equilibrium iteration子结构Substructure子结构法substructure technique超单元super-element网格生成mesh generation结构分析程序structural analysis program前处理pre-processing后处理post-processing网格细化mesh refinement应力光顺stress smoothing组合结构composite structureI CAN FLY￥￥零积分下载全部资料￥￥/show/search.asp?sel=admin_nam e&keywords=wangxy29992005-12-30 13:20:005楼：RE:【转贴】力学词汇。
通用中英文力学词汇
力学mechanics牛顿力学Newtonian mechanics经典力学classical mechanics静力学statics运动学kinematics动力学dynamics动理学kinetics宏观力学macroscopic mechanics,macromechanics 细观力学mesomechanics微观力学microscopic mechanics,micromechanics 一般力学general mechanics固体力学solid mechanics流体力学fluid mechanics理论力学theoretical mechanics应用力学applied mechanics工程力学engineering mechanics实验力学experimental mechanics计算力学computational mechanics理性力学rational mechanics物理力学physical mechanics地球动力学geodynamics力force作用点point of action作用线line of action力系system of forces力系的简化reduction of force system等效力系equivalent force system 刚体rigid body力的可传性transmissibility of force 平行四边形定则parallelogram rule 力三角形force triangle力多边形force polygon零力系null-force system平衡equilibrium力的平衡equilibrium of forces平衡条件equilibrium condition平衡位置equilibrium position平衡态equilibrium state分析力学analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子Lagrange multiplier 拉格朗日[量] Lagrangian拉格朗日括号Lagrange bracket循环坐标cyclic coordinate循环积分cyclic integral哈密顿[量] Hamiltonian哈密顿函数Hamiltonian function正则方程canonical equation正则摄动canonical perturbation正则变换canonical transformation 正则变量canonical variable哈密顿原理Hamilton principle作用量积分action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程Hamilton-Jacobi equation 作用--角度变量action-angle variables阿佩尔方程Appell equation劳斯方程Routh equation拉格朗日函数Lagrangian function诺特定理Noether theorem泊松括号poisson bracket边界积分法boundary integral method并矢dyad运动稳定性stability of motion轨道稳定性orbital stability李雅普诺夫函数Lyapunov function渐近稳定性asymptotic stability结构稳定性structural stability久期不稳定性secular instability弗洛凯定理Floquet theorem倾覆力矩capsizing moment自由振动free vibration固有振动natural vibration暂态transient state环境振动ambient vibration反共振anti-resonance衰减attenuation库仑阻尼Coulomb damping同相分量in-phase component非同相分量out-of -phase component超调量overshoot参量[激励]振动parametric vibration模糊振动fuzzy vibration临界转速critical speed of rotation阻尼器damper半峰宽度half-peak width集总参量系统lumped parameter system相平面法phase plane method相轨迹phase trajectory等倾线法isocline method跳跃现象jump phenomenon负阻尼negative damping达芬方程Duffing equation希尔方程Hill equationKBM方法KBM method, Krylov-Bogoliu-bov-Mitropol'skii method 马蒂厄方程Mathieu equation平均法averaging method组合音调combination tone解谐detuning耗散函数dissipative function硬激励hard excitation硬弹簧hard spring, hardening spring谐波平衡法harmonic balance method久期项secular term自激振动self-excited vibration分界线separatrix亚谐波subharmonic软弹簧soft spring ,softening spring软激励soft excitation邓克利公式Dunkerley formula瑞利定理Rayleigh theorem分布参量系统distributed parameter system优势频率dominant frequency模态分析modal analysis固有模态natural mode of vibration同步synchronization超谐波ultraharmonic范德波尔方程van der pol equation频谱frequency spectrum基频fundamental frequencyWKB方法WKB method, Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method 缓冲器buffer风激振动aeolian vibration嗡鸣buzz倒谱cepstrum颤动chatter蛇行hunting阻抗匹配impedance matching机械导纳mechanical admittance机械效率mechanical efficiency机械阻抗mechanical impedance随机振动stochastic vibration, random vibration隔振vibration isolation减振vibration reduction应力过冲stress overshoot喘振surge摆振shimmy起伏运动phugoid motion起伏振荡phugoid oscillation驰振galloping陀螺动力学gyrodynamics陀螺摆gyropendulum陀螺平台gyroplatform陀螺力矩gyroscoopic torque陀螺稳定器gyrostabilizer陀螺体gyrostat惯性导航inertial guidance姿态角attitude angle方位角azimuthal angle舒勒周期Schuler period机器人动力学robot dynamics多体系统multibody system多刚体系统multi-rigid-body system机动性maneuverability凯恩方法Kane method转子[系统]动力学rotor dynamics转子[一支承一基础]系统rotor-support-foundation system 静平衡static balancing动平衡dynamic balancing静不平衡static unbalance动不平衡dynamic unbalance现场平衡field balancing不平衡unbalance不平衡量unbalance互耦力cross force挠性转子flexible rotor分频进动fractional frequency precession 半频进动half frequency precession油膜振荡oil whip转子临界转速rotor critical speed自动定心self-alignment亚临界转速subcritical speed涡动whirl。
力学_专业英语词汇
附录：常用专业词汇和用语汇总表Aabsolute temperature 绝对温度abutment [ə'bʌtmənt] n.桥墩；桥基；桥台acceleration [æk,selə'reɪʃən] n. 加速度accelerometer [æk,selə'rɔmitə] n.加速度计action-at-a-distance 远距离作用active gage 工作片acoustic emitter 声发射器acute angle 锐角adaptivity [ədæp'tivəti] n.适应性aerospace engineering 航空工程aggregate ['æɡriɡit] n.偏析，聚合体algebraic equation 代数方程Almansi strain 阿曼西应变allowable stress 许用应力alternator ['ɔ:ltəneitə] n. 交流发电机amorphous [ə'mɔ:fəs] adj.无定性的；非晶形的，无一定方向的amphiphile n.两亲物；两亲性分子amphiphile n.两亲物amplitude ['æmplitju:d] n.幅值amplification factor 放大因子，放大倍数amplitude stress 幅值应力amplitude of vibration 振动幅值；振幅anelastic [ˌænilˈæsti]adj.滞弹性的aneurysm ['ænjurizəm] n.动脉瘤anisotropic [æn,aisə'trɔpik] n.各项异性的297anisotropy [ænai'sɔtrəpi] n.各项异性apparatus [,æpə'reitəs] n.仪器；装置apparent stress 表观应力appearance [ə'pirəns] n.出现，显露，外观aqueous ['eikwiəs] adj. 水的；水成的arch [ɑ:tʃ] n.拱arm [ɑ:m]n. 臂artificial heart valve 人工心脏瓣膜assembly [ə'sembli] n. 组集，集合Atomic Force Microscope 原子力显微镜autocatalytic [,ɔ:təukætə'litik]adj.自动催化的austenite ['ɔ:stə,nait]n.奥氏体austenite crystal 奥氏体晶粒austenitic transformation 奥氏体转变average stress 平均应力axil force 轴向力Bback difference 向后差分backing ['bækiŋ]n.衬底；基底bar [bɑ:] n.杆；条；横木；栅basalt [bə'sɔ:lt] n. 玄武岩basis function 基函数Bauschinger effect 包辛格效应beam [bi:m] n. 梁，桁，横梁bedding plane 层理面benchmark test 基准测试bend [bɛnd] vt.&vi. 弯曲，折弯298bending moment 弯矩bending stress 弯曲应力biaxial strain 双轴应变biaxial stress 双轴应力biharmonic [baihɑ:'mɔnik]adj. 双调和的bionanomaterial n.生物纳米材料block copolymer 嵌段共聚物bobbin ['bɔbin] n.线轴body force 体力bolt [bəult]n.螺栓bomb blast 炸弹爆炸borehole ['bɔ:,houl] n.钻孔boron ['bɔ:rɔn] n.硼boundary condition 边界条件boundary integral 边界积分brake drum 制动鼓；鼓式制动器brass [brɑ:s] n. 黄铜，黄铜色brittle fracture 脆性断裂brittle fracture mechanics 脆性断裂力学buckle ['bʌkl] vi. 屈曲bushing ['buʃiŋ]n.绝缘套，轴衬Ccalcite ['kælsait]n.方解石calibration [,kæli'breiʃən] n.标定calibration constant 标定常数cantilever ['kæntili:və] n. 悬臂；支架carbon steel 碳钢Cartesian coordinate 笛卡儿坐标299cast iron 铸铁catastrophically [,kætə'strɔfikli] adv. 灾难性地cavitation [,kævi'teiʃən] n.气穴；成洞cellular pattern 空泡centered difference 中心差分central crack 中心裂纹centripetal acceleration 向心加速度centroidal axis 形心轴，质心轴chaotic [kei'ɔtik] adj.混乱的；混沌的chord [kɔ:d] n.弦；弦杆civil engineering 土木工程cleavage ['kli:vidʒ] n.分裂；裂隙clay soil settle 粘土土层沉降closed form 闭型cluster ['klʌstə] n.群；群集civil engineering 土木工程coarse-grain 粗粒的；大粒度的collapse [kə'læps] vi.破坏，塌陷collinear [kɔ'linjə] adj. 同线的；共轴的collision [kə'liʒən] n. 相撞，碰撞colloid ['kɔlɔid] n.胶体adj.胶状的column ['kɔləm] n. 柱体，圆柱columnar jointing 柱状节理combustion [kəm'bʌstʃən] n.燃烧，氧化complex frequency response 复频响应compliance [kəm'plaiəns] n.柔度composite material 复合材料300compressibility 可压缩性compressive stress 压应力computational mechanics 计算力学concomitant [kən'kɔmitənt] adj.伴随的；共存的concrete ['kɔnkri:t] n.混凝土，凝结物conservation of momentum 动量守恒consistency [kən'sistənsi] n.收敛性constraint [kən'streint] n. 约束contaminant [kən'tæmənənt]n.杂质；污染物continuum mechanics 连续介质力学contractile [kən'træktail] adj.可压缩的contracted notation 缩约记号contour ['kɔntuə] n.轮廓，等高线convection-diffusion 对流扩散convective velocity 对流速度convergence [kən'və:dʒəns] n.收敛convergence rate 收敛速度coolant ['ku:lənt] n.冷冻剂Coriolis acceleration 科氏加速度corrosion [kə'rəuʒən] n. 腐蚀，侵入corrosion resistance 耐蚀性；抗腐蚀性couple-stress 偶应力couple ['kʌpl] n. 力偶vt.偶合curvature ['kə:vətʃə] n.弯曲；曲率corrugate ['kɔrugeit] vt. &vi. 起皱纹complex truss 复式桁架compound truss 复氏桁架301criterion [krai'tiəriən] n.标准；准则coplanar [kəu'pleinə] adj. 共平面的concurrent [kən'kʌrənt] adj.同时发生的configuration [kən,figju'reiʃən] n.构型，结构，形态critical form 危形complementary function 余函数critical damping 临界阻尼conjugate ['kɔndʒə,geɪt] adj.共轭的constituent [kən'stitjuənt] adj.本质的，本构的constitutive theory 本构理论constitutive equation 本构方程constantan ['kɔnstəntæn]n.一种铜与镍的合金contrived variational principle 约束变分原理corrosion fatigue 腐蚀疲劳counter stress 对应力；相反应力crack [kræk] vt.&vi裂开，爆裂，断裂n.裂纹crack front 裂纹前沿crack initiation 裂纹起始；起裂crack nucleation 裂纹成核crack propagation 裂纹扩展crack tip 裂尖creep [kri:p]vi. 蠕变n.蠕变creep fatigue 蠕变疲劳creep fracture 蠕变断裂cross-bracing 交叉撑条cross joint 横节理302cross section 横截面critical state 临界状态critical load 临界载荷crook [kruk] vi.弯曲，成钩状crookedness ['krukidnis] n.弯曲；扭曲crush [krʌʃ] vt.&vi 压碎；折皱crystal lattice 晶格cull [kʌl] vt. 剔除n. 剔除culminate ['kʌlmineit] vi.达到顶点cycle number 循环次数cyclic loading 循环载荷cyclic stress 循环应力cylinder head 汽缸盖Ddamage ['dæmidʒ] n.损伤vt 损坏damping ['dæmpiŋ]adj.阻尼damping factor 阻尼系数dashe line 虚线dead weight 静止重量；自重；净重dealloying [,di:ə'lɔiiŋ]n.脱合金成分腐蚀decameter ['dekə,mi:tə] n. 十米defect [di'fekt]n.缺陷deflect [di'flekt] vt.&vi.偏斜，转向deflection [di'flekʃən] n.挠曲，挠度，偏斜deform [di'fɔ:m] vt.&vi.变形deformation [,di:fɔ:'meiʃən] n.变形degree of freedom 自由度303degree of redundancy 冗余度denominator [dɪ'nɔmə,neɪtə] n.分母density functional theory (DFT) 密度泛函理论derivative [di'rivətiv] n. 导数determinate [di'tə:minit] adj.确定的，静定的determinate structure 静定结构deviatoric plane 偏平面deviatoric stress 偏应力die [dai] n.冲模, 钢模die-cast housing 压铸壳differential equation 微分方程differentiation [,difə,renʃi'eiʃən]n.微分differential operator 微分算符diffusion coefficient 扩散系数digital image correlation 数字图像相关dimensionless [də'menʃənləs] adj.无量纲dip [dip] n. 浸泡；浸；下沉；倾斜vt.&vi.浸泡；浸；下沉；倾斜dip coating 浸涂Dirac delta function 狄拉克δ函数direction cosine 方向余弦Dirichlet condition 狄利克来条件discipline ['disiplin, 'disəplin] n.学科discrete 离散的dislocation [,dislə'keiʃən] n.位错displacement [dis'pleismənt] n. 位移displacement function 位移函数dissipation principle 耗散定理304divergence [dai'və:dʒəns] n.散度，分歧，分离dolerite ['dɔlərait] n.辉绿岩，粗粒玄武岩dolomite ['dɔləmait] n.白云石，石灰石drag [dræg] n.阻力droplet ['drɔplit] n.小滴；微滴ductile ['dʌktail] adj.韧性的，柔软的ductility [dʌk'tiliti] n.韧性Duhamel's integral 杜哈美积分dummy resistor 假电阻；仿真电阻duty cycle 负载循环；工作周期dyke [daik] n.沟；渠；堤坝dynamics [dai'næmiks] n. 动力学；力学；动态dynamic crack growth 动态裂纹扩展Eearth-moving 运土的eccentricity [,eksen'trisiti] n. 离心；偏心率elastic [i'læstik] adj.弹性的elastic limit 弹性极限elastic-perfectly plastic 理想弹塑性elastic-plastic 弹塑性的elastic wave 弹性波elasticity [,elæs'tisəti] n.弹性elasticity matrix 弹性矩阵elastomer [i'læstəmə] n.弹性体elastoplastic [i'læstəplæstik] n.弹塑性elasto-viscoplastic 弹粘塑性的electrical resistance strain gage 电阻应变计element ['elimənt] n.构件，要素，成分305elongate ['i:lɔŋgeit]vt. & vi.拉长;伸长;延长elongation [,i:lɔŋ'geiʃən] n.伸长，延长embossing [im'bɔ:s] vt.压纹；模压加工emulsion [i'mʌlʃən] n.乳胶液；感光乳剂encapsulation [in,kæpsju'leiʃən] n.包装；封装energy release rate 能量释放率engine block 发动机缸体engineering shear strain 工程剪应变epoxy [ep'ɔksi] n.环氧树脂equation of continuity 连续性方程equation of state 状态方程equilibrium [,i:kwi'libriəm] n. 平衡，均衡equilibrium equation 平衡方程equivalent nodal force 等效节点力error estimation 误差估计esthetics [es'θetiks] n.美学etch [etʃ] vt. 蚀刻ethanol ['eθə.nɔl, 'eθə.nəul] n. 乙醇Euler-Lagrange equation 欧拉－拉格朗日方程excavation [,ekskə'veiʃən] n.挖掘；发掘excitation [ek'saitətiv] n. 激励exigency [ek'sidʒənsi] n.紧急experimental stress analysis 实验应力分析explicit algorithm 显式算法extensometer [,eksten'sɔmitə] n.伸长计；引伸计external force 外力externally statically determinate 外部静定extreme position 极端位置306Ffailure ['feiljə] n. 破坏，失效fallacious [fə'leiʃəs] adj.谬误的；不合理的fashion ['fæʃən] vt.制造，使成形n.时尚fatigue [fə'ti:g] n.疲劳vi.&vt.（使）疲劳fatigue curve 疲劳曲线fatigue failure 疲劳破坏fault [fɔ:lt] n.断层felt pad 毛毡坐垫ferroelectric [,ferəui'lektrik]adj.铁电的fiber reinforced composite 纤维增强复合材料fibrous ['faibrəs] adj.纤维的finite element 有限单元finite difference method 有限差分法fixed-end 固定端flange [flændʒ] n. 凸缘；边缘；轮缘flexible ['fleksəbl] a dj. 柔度的，可弯曲的，柔韧的flexure ['flekʃə] n. 弯曲，曲率，挠度flow [fləu] vi.流动fluidics ['flu:idiks] n.应用流体学；射流技术fluid coupling 液力联轴节fluid mechanics 流体力学flux [flʌks] n.流量；熔化foil strain gauge 箔氏应变计folded plate 褶皱板force [fɔ:s] n. 力; 力量307forced vibration 强迫振动formula ['fɔ:mjulə] n. 公式formulate ['fɔ:mjuleit] vt.公式化，用公式描述forward difference 向前差分fracture ['fræktʃə] n.断裂vi.&vt. （使）断裂fracture mechanics 断裂力学fracture toughness 断裂韧性frame [freim] n.框架free-cutting alloy 易切削合金free vibration 自由振动frequency of vibration 振动频率friction force 摩擦力fringe [frindʒ] n.条纹fragment ['frægmənt]n.碎片；破碎functional ['fʌŋkʃənəl] n.泛函Ggage factor 应变灵敏度系数gas turbine engine 汽轮机geology [dʒi'ɔlədʒi] n.地质学，地质情况gigahertz [ˈɡiɡəhə:ts]n.十亿赫兹, 千兆赫gradient ['greidiənt] n.梯度，倾斜度grain [grein] n.晶粒granite ['grænit] n.花岗岩，花岗石graphite ['græfait] n.石墨grid [grid] n.格子Griffith‘s problem Griffith 问题gusset ['gʌsit] n. 角板；三角形衬料308gust [gʌst] n.阵风Hhanger ['hæŋə] n. 挂钩, 悬挂物hardening characteristic 硬化特性hardening rule 强化准则，强化定律hardness ['hɑ:dnis]n. 硬度，硬性harmonic [hɑ:'mɔnik]adj.简谐的harmonic force 谐力harmonic motion 简谐振动harness ['hɑ:nis]n.马具；管理；控制headway ['hedwei] n.前进；航行速度heat conduction equation 热传导方程heterodyning ['hetərəu,dainiŋ] n.外差作用heterogeneity [,hetərodʒi'ni:iti] n.非均匀性heterostructure [hetərəu'strʌktʃə(r)] n.异质结构heuristic [hjuə'ristik] adj.启发式的；探索的hierarchical [,haiə'rɑ:kikl]adj.按等级划分的hierarchical organization 分层结构high-cycle fatigue 高周疲劳high-frequency component 高频分量high-strength 高强度holder ['həuldə] n.固定器；支架holography [həu'lɔgrəfi] n.全息照相技术holy grail 圣杯；圣盘homogeneous [,homə'dʒinɪəs] adj. 同质的, 均匀的, 齐次的n.谐波homogeneous equation 其次方程Hooke's law 胡克定律309hostile environment 恶劣环境hydrodynamics ['haidrəudai'næmiks]n. 水动力学hydrostatic pressure 静水压力hysteresis [,histə'ri:sis] n.滞后（现象），滞后作用hysteresis loop 迟滞环；滞后回线Iideal gas 理想气体identity matrix 单位矩阵igneous ['igniəs] adj.火成的；火的imaginary part 虚部imaging method 成像法implicit algorithm 隐式算法impregnate [im'pregneit] vt.注入,使充满；adj. 充满的impress [im'pres] n.印象；特征；传送vi.印象；传送impulse-response function 脉冲响应函数inasmuch [inəz'mʌtʃ] adv. 由于；因为incompressible fluid 不可压缩流体indeterminate [,indi'tə:minit] adj.不确定的, 超静定的indeterminate structure 超静定结构indiscriminately [indi'skriminitli] adv. 无差别；任意地inertia [in'ə:ʃiə, in'ə:ʃə] n.惯性infinitesimal [,infini'tesiməl] adj.无限小的initial displacement 初始位移initial residual stress 初始残余应力initial velocity 初始速度initial yield surface 初始屈服面inorganic ['inɔ:'gænik] adj.无机的；非自然生长的310in-plane 面内I-shaped steel 工字钢instability [,instə'biliti] n. 不稳定insulating backing 绝缘基integral ['intigrəl] n. 积分；整数integral equation 积分方程integration [,inti'greiʃən] n.积分interferometry [,ɪntəfə'rɔmɪtə] n.干涉测量法interior cycle 内循环internal force 内力internal variable 内变量internally statically indeterminaten 内部静定interpolation function 插值函数interdisciplinary [,intə:'disiplinəri] adj. 学科间的；学科交叉的invariant [in'vɛəriənt] n.不变量; adj. 无变化的，不变的irreducible formulation 不可约型公式isothermal ['aisəu'θə:məl] adj.等温的n.等温线isotropic [,aisə'trɔpik] adj.各向同性的isotropic hardening 各项同性强化isotropy [ai'sɔtrəpi] n.各向同性iterative ['itərətiv] adj.迭代的Jjaw [dʒɔː]n.虎钳jelly ['dʒeli] n.胶状物J integral J积分joint [dʒɔint] n.节理311Kkinematic hardening 运动强化kinematics [,kinə'mætiks] n.运动学；动力学kinetic energy 动能kinetic friction 动摩擦LLagrangian [lə'grɑ:ndʒiən]adj. 拉格朗日的Lagrange method 拉格朗日方法Lagrange multiplier 拉格朗日乘子Lame constants 拉梅常数lamina ['læmənə]n.薄板；薄片laminar ['læminə] adj.层流laminate ['læmineit] n. 薄板；层压板；层板lamination [,læmi'neiʃən] n.制成薄板；薄板；层状体landslide ['lændslaid] n. 滑坡Laplace operator 拉普拉斯算符large-scale parallel computing 大规模并行计算lateral force 横向力lattice ['lætis] n.格子；点阵layer ['leiə] n.层least energy dissipation principle 最小能量耗散原理lifetime ['laiftaim] n.寿命linear elastic fracture mechanics 线性弹性断裂力学linear interpolation 线性插值linearized theory 线性化理论lipid ['lipid] n.脂质；油脂liquid crystal 液晶lithological [ li'θɔlədʒikəl ] adj.岩性的，岩石的312Lode parameter Lode参数longevity [lɔn'dʒeviti] n.长寿；寿命longitudinal ['lɔndʒi'tju:dinəl] adj. 纵向的，经度的longitudinal shear (or antiplane) mode of cracking 裂纹纵向剪切（反对称）模式longitudinal strain 纵向应变low-carbon steel 低碳钢low-cycle fatigue 低周疲劳lowly ['ləuli] adj.贫贱的；地位低下的Mmachinability [məʃi:nə'biliti] n.可切削性；机械加工性macro-mechanics 宏观力学macroscopic crack 宏观裂纹magnetic dot 磁点magnesium ['mæg'ni:ʃiəm] n. 镁mandrel ['mændrəl] n.心轴；拉延martensite ['mɑ:tən,zait] n.马氏体martensitic transformation 马氏体转变masonry ['meisnri] n.石造建筑；石造工程mass-spring-damper system 质量－弹簧－阻尼系统material derivative 物质导数mathematical statement 数学表达式，数学描述matrix ['meitriks] n.矩阵;基体（材料）matrices [复数] ['meitrisi:z]mean free path 平均自由程measurable ['meʒərəbəl] adj.可测量的mechanics [mi'kæniks] n. 力学mechanics of fluids 流体力学313mechanistic [,mekə'nistik] adj. 机械学的；机械的member ['membə] n. 构件meso-mechanics 细观力学mesostructure n.细观结构；中构造metallurgical [,metə'lə:dʒikl] adj. 冶金的metal forming 金属成型metamorphic [,metə'mɔ:fik]adj.变性的；变质的method of weigted residual 加权残值法micelle [mai'sel] n.微团；胶束microcavitation n.微空隙microcrack ['maikrəukræk, 'maikrəu.kræk] n. 微裂纹micro-electro-mechanical 微机电的micro-mechanics 微观力学microscopic ['maikrə'skɔpik] adj. 显微的，微观的microvoid [,maikrəu'vɔid] n.微孔military engineering 军事工程学mining ['mainiŋ] n.采矿；矿业mis-folding 错折叠mixed formulation 混合型公式mnemonic [ni:'mɔnik] adj.记忆的n. 记忆方法modal analysis 模态分析modality [məu'dæliti] n.样式；形式；形态modulus ['mɔdjuləs]；n. 模量，系数moduli [复数] ['mɔdʒə,lai]modulus of elasticity 弹性模量modulus of volume expansion 体积膨胀模量Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion 摩尔－哥伦布破坏准则314moire [mwɑ:] n.云纹moire interferometry 云纹干涉法molecular dynamics (MD) 分子动力学moment of inertia 惯性矩momentum [məu'mentəm] n.动量，冲量monolithic [,mɔnə'liθik]adj. 独石的；单体的；整体的monotonic [mɔnəu'tɔnik] adj. 单调的；单斜晶体的Monte Carlo (MC) 蒙特卡罗mount [maunt] vt. 安装mud [mʌd] n.泥；泥浆Multi Body Dynamics (MBD) 多体动力学multiphase flow多相流multiplier ['mʌltəplaiə] n. 乘数multi-scale 多尺度myriad ['miriəd] n.无数；极大数量adj. 无数的；极大数量的Nnanocomposite n.纳米复合材料nanofabrication n.纳米加工nanohole n.纳米空洞nano-mechanics 纳米力学nanoscale n.纳米尺度nanostructure n.纳米结构nanowire n.纳米线natural frequency 固有频率natural variational principle 自然变分原理Navier‘s equation纳维方程necessary condition 必要条件315necking zone 紧缩区域Neumann condition 纽曼条件neutral axis 中性轴Newtonian fluid 牛顿流体Newton's first law 牛顿第一定律Newton's second law 牛顿第二定律nitrocellulose ['naitrəu'seljuləus] n.硝化纤维素nodal displacement 节点位移nondimensional ['nɔndi'menʃənəl] n. 无量纲adj.无量纲（的）nonhomogeneous ['nɔnhɔmə'dʒi:njəs] adj.非均质的；非齐次的；多相的nonlinearity [,nɔnlini'æriti] n.非线性normal force 法向力notwithstand [,nɔtwiθ'stændiŋ]prep.尽管；虽然numerator ['nu:mə,reɪtə, 'nju:-] n.分子non-cyclic load 非循环载荷nonhomogeneous ['nɔnhɔmə'dʒi:njəs] adj.非均匀的nonstationary ['nɔn'steiʃənəri] adj.不稳定的；非定常的nondestructive evaluation 无损评价nonviscous adj.非粘性，无粘性non-Newtonian fluid 非牛顿流体Oobjective function 目标函数oblique [əb'li:k] adj.斜的；倾斜offshore structure 离岸结构off-lattice 非格子off-road 越野的opening mode of cracking 裂纹张开模式316operator ['ɔpə,reitə] n.算符optimization [,ɔptimai'zeiʃən] n.优化optimize ['ɔptimaiz] vt.&vi.优化optimum ['ɔptiməm] adj. 最优的ordinary integral 寻常积分ordinary differential equation 常微分方程organic [ɔ:'gænik] adj. 有机的；有机物质orthotropic [,ɔ:θə'trɔpik] adj. 正交的oscillation [,ɔsi'leiʃən] n.振荡ostensibly [ɔs'tensəbli]adv.表面上地；外表上地out-of-plane n. 面外out-of-plane 面外outperform [,autpə'fɔ:m] vt. 优于；超额完成overstress ['əuvə'stres, .əuvə'stres] n. 过应力oxidize ['ɔksi,daiz] vt.& vi.（使）氧化Pparadigm ['pærədaim] n.范例partial differential equation 偏微分方程particular integral 特积分；特解particulate [pə'tikjulit] adj.微粒的particulate-reinforced composite 颗粒增强复合材料pendulum ['pendjuləm] n. 单摆，摆锤period of vibration 振动周期permanent deformation 永久变形perseverance [,pə:si'viərəns] n.不屈不挠；毅力phase [feiz] n.相phase angle 相位角317phenolics [fi'nɔliks] n.酚醛树脂photoelastic [fəutəui'læstik] adj.光弹性的photoelastic coating 光弹性涂层photoelastic stress analysis 光弹性应力分析piezoelectric [pai,i:zəui'lektrik] adj.压电的pile [pail] n.柱，桩，堆pinned end 销轴支承pin joint 铰接；关节接头piston ['pistən] n. 活塞pitch [pitʃ] n.沥青pixelate vt.使...像素化；将...分解成像素plane-strain 平面应变plane stress 平面应力plastic ['plæstik] adj.塑性的plastic flow塑性流动plastic wave 塑性波plasticity [plæs'tisiti] n.塑性ploughman ['plaumən] n.庄稼汉pneumatic [nju:'mætik] adj. 气动的；充气的Poisson effect 伯松效应Poisson‘s ratio泊松比polar coordinate 极坐标polarize ['pəulə,raiz] vi.&vt. （使）极化polycrystalline [pɔli'kristəlain] n.多晶体polymer ['pɔlimə] n.聚合物post [pəust] n.柱posteriori error estimation 后验误差估计potential energy 势能318predate [pri:'deit] vt.在日期上早于prestrain [pri:'strein] n.预应变primary structure 主要结构primary unknowns 主要未知量principal material axis 材料主轴principal stress 主应力printed circuit technique 印刷电路技术product 乘积proliferation [prə,lifə'reiʃən] n.增殖；扩散proportional limit 比例极限protein folding 蛋白质折叠pseudo-stochastic 伪随机的pulsating load 脉动载荷pulse excitation 脉冲激励pump [pʌmp] n.泵punch [pʌntʃ] vt. 钻孔pure shear 纯剪切Qquadratic [kwə'drætik] adj.二次的quadratic functional 二次泛函quantum mechanics 量子力学quasi-static 准静态，拟静态Rrate-dependednt 率相关的rate of dilation 膨胀率Rayleigh wave 瑞利波reaction [ri'ækʃən] n.支反力319reactor piping 反应堆管道red blood cell 红血球redundant constraint 多余约束reference axis 参考坐标系reinforced concrete 增强混泥土，钢筋混凝土reliability [ri,laiə'biliti] n.可靠性，可靠度reloading [ri:'ləudiŋ]vt. & vi.重复加载rendition [ren'diʃən] n.解释；演奏；投降repertoire ['repətwɑ:]n.全部节目；全部技能Representative Volume Element (RVE) 代表性体积单元reservoir ['rezəvwɑ:] n.蓄水库residual thermal stress 残余热应力resinous ['rezinəs]adj. 树脂的resin-coated adj. 树脂涂层的resonance ['rezənənt] adj. 共振response [ri'spɔns] n.响应，反应，回答resultant [ri'zʌltənt] adj.合成的，组合的resultant momentum 合力矩retool [ri:'tu:l] vi. & vt.重组；重新装备reversible [ri'və:səbl] adj.可逆的rib [rib] n.肋rigid-body 刚体rigid frame 刚架rigidity [ri'dʒiditi] n. 刚度，刚性rise time 上升时间rivet ['rivit] n.铆钉；铆接rock foundation 岩石基rock mechanics 岩石力学320rosette [rəu'zet] n.玫瑰花形物rotate [rəu'teit]vi.转动，旋转rotation [rəu'teiʃən]n.转动，旋转round-off error 舍入误差rubric ['ru:brik] n.类；标题；红色的Ssag [sæg] n.弧垂，垂度saturated soil 饱和土scalar ['skeilə] n. 数量；标量Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 扫描电子显微镜scanning mode 扫描方式Scanning Tunneling Microscope 扫描隧道电子显微镜second order derivative 二阶导数scouring ['skauəriŋ]n.擦洗；冲刷seed [si:d] vt. 崔云化雨sedimentary [,sedi'mentəri] adj.沉积的；沉淀性的；沉淀作用造成的seismic wave 地震波seismological [,saizmə'lɔdʒikl] adj.地震学上的seismology [saiz'mɔlədʒi] n.地震学sequel ['si:kwəl] n.结局；后果sewage ['sju:idʒ] n.污水，污秽物shadow moire 影栅云纹shape function 形状函数shape memory alloy (SM A) 形状记忆合金shape memory effect (SM E) 形状记忆效应shape optimization 形状优化shearing strain 剪切应变321shearing stress 剪切应力shock spectrum 冲击谱shock wave 冲击波；激波shrinkage 收缩；减少；损耗silicone gel 硅凝胶silly putty 弹性橡胶泥SI metric system 国际单位制simply supported beam 简支梁simple truss 简支桁架simultaneous [,saiməl'teinjəs] adj.同时发生的；同步的simultaneous equation 联立方程single-DOF 单自由度singularity [,siŋgju'læriti] n. 奇异性sintering ['sintəriŋ]vi.烧结sinusoidal function 正弦函数siting ['saitiŋ]n.建设地点sizing optimization 尺寸优化slab [slæb] n.平板；厚板slenderness ['slendənis] n.细长；细长度sliding ['slaidiŋ]n.滑移slip [slip] n.滑移slip plane 滑移面soil foundation 土基础soil mechanics 土力学solder ['sɔldə] n.焊接剂；接合剂solid mechanics 固体力学specified displacement 给定位移specified surface traction 给定面力322speckle interferometry 散斑干涉法spring constant 弹簧常数spring-supported 弹簧支撑stability [stə'biliti] n. 稳定，稳定性stainless steel 不锈钢statical indeterminancy 静不定static equilibrium 静力平衡static fatigue 静态疲劳static friction 静摩擦statics ['stætiks] n. 静力学stationarity [steiʃə'næriti] n.稳定性；稳态stationary ['steiʃənəri] adj.稳定的；不动的steady-state 稳态steel-framed 钢架step excitation 阶跃激励stereological [stiəri'ɔlədʒi, sterə'ɔlədʒi] adj. 体视学；立体测量学stereoscopic [,steriəs'kɔpik]adj.有立体感的stiffen ['stifn] vt.&vi. 刚化；使坚硬stiffness ['stifnis] n.刚度stocky ['stɔki] adj. 矮壮的；结实的strain [stren] n. 应变strain energy 应变能strain gage 应变计strain-induced quantum dot 应变诱发量子点strain rate 应变率strength [streŋθ] n.强度strength-to-weight ratio 比强度stress [strɛs] n. 应力323stress concentrator 应力集中点stress concentration 应力集中stress corrosion cracking 应力腐蚀起裂stress distribution 应力分布stress gradient 应力梯度stress-induced martensite (SIM) 应力诱发马氏体stress intensity factor 应力强度因子stress-matrix 应力矩阵stress ratio 应力比stress-strain diagram 应力应变图stress tensor 应力张量stress wave 应力波stretch [stretʃ] vt. & vi. 伸展，拉紧，.延伸strike [straik] vi.走向structural optimization 结构优化structural steel 结构钢sub-discipline 分支学科subdomain n.子域submicron ['sʌb'maikrɔn] n.亚微细米；亚微细粒adj. 表面活性剂的substrate ['sʌbstreit] n.基片；基底sufficient condition 充分条件super-hydrophobic 超蔬水superelasticity n.超弹性superposition [ˌsju:pəpəˈziʃən] n. 叠加，重叠，叠合support [sə'pɔ:t] n.支撑surface force 表面力surface traction 表面力324surfactant [sə:'fæktənt] n.表面活性剂symmetric [si'metrik] adj. 对称的Ttangent matrix 切线矩阵Taylor series expansion 泰勒级数展开T-beam T型梁tectonophysics [,tektənəu'fiziks] n.构造物理学, 地壳构造物理学tensile stress 拉应力tensile strength 拉伸强度tensile-testing machine 拉伸试验机tensile test specimen 拉伸试样tension ['tenʃən] n. 张量，张力，拉力tensor ['tensə] n. 张量tensor-transformation 张量转换theoretical and applied mechanics 理论与应用力学thermal camera 热感照相机thermal expansion coefficient 热膨胀系数thermal stress 热应力thermo-fatigue 热疲劳thermography [θə:'mɔgrəfi] n. 温度记录法；热熔印刷thermomechanics [θə:məumi'kæniks] n.热力学thermosetting resin 热固性树脂thrust [θrʌst] vt.&vi. 抛掷tillage ['tilidʒ] n.耕种，耕作time derivative 时间导数time lag 时间滞后titanium [tai'teiniəm] n. 钛325tolerating strain 容许应变tomographic [təu'mɔgrəfi] n.X线断层摄影术；X线体层照相术topography [tə'pɔgrəfi]n.地质，地形学topology optimization 拓扑优化trade-off n.权衡；取舍transducer [træns'dju:sə] n.传感器transient term 暂时项；衰减项transport equation 输运方程；迁移方程Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) 透射电子显微镜transverse shear mode of cracking 裂纹横向剪切模式transversely isotropic 横观各向同性Tresca yield criterion 特雷斯加屈服准则trial and error 试错trial function 试函数triaxiality [traiæksi'æliti] n.三轴；三维triclinic [trai'klinik]adj.三斜晶系的true stress 真实应力truncation error 截断误差truss [trʌs] n.桁架turbulent flow湍流流动tunable ['tju:nəbl] adj.可调谐的turbulent ['tə:bjulənt] adj.湍流的twinned boundary 孪生边界two-span beam 双跨梁Uubiquitous [ju:'bikwitəs] adj.到处存在的ultimate tensile strength 最大拉伸强度ultrasonics [,ʌltrə'sɔniks] n.超声波, 超声学326unbalance ['ʌn'bæləns] n. 不平衡unconditionally stable 无条件稳定的undamped [ʌn'dæmpt] adj. 无阻尼的uniaxial strain 单轴应变uniaxial stress 单轴应力uniaxial tension 单轴拉伸unit impulse 单位脉冲unload ['ʌn'ləud] vt.& vt. 卸载upwind scheme 迎风格式Vvacuum deposition technique 真空淀积技术variable ['vɛəriəbl] n.变量adj.可变的variational principle 变分原理vector ['vektə] n. 矢量；向量vibration [vai'breiʃən] n.振动，震动vibratory ['vaibrətəri] adj.振动的Vierendeel truss 空腹桁架；弗伦第尔桁架virtual design 虚拟设计visco-elastic 粘弹性的viscoelastic wave 粘弹性波viscoelasticity ['viskəuilæs'tisiti] n.粘弹性visco-plastic 粘塑性的viscoplastic potential 粘塑性势viscosity [vis'kɔsiti] n.粘性viscosity coefficient 粘性系数viscous ['viskəs] adj. 粘性的viscous damping 粘性阻尼327von Mises yield criterion 冯米赛斯屈服准则volume fraction 体积分数volumetric strain 体积应变Wwavenumber n.波数wear resistance 耐磨性，耐磨度web [web] n. 腹板weld [weld] vt.&vi. 焊接n. 焊接weldability [weldə'biliti] n. 焊接性；可焊性Wheatstone bridge 惠斯通电桥whisker ['hwiskə] n.金须wire strain gauge 金属丝应变计work [wə:k] n. 功workability [,wə:kə'biliti] n.可使用性；施工性能；可加工性woven fiber 编织纤维wraparound ['ræpə,raund] adj.围绕的；围绕物wrought [rɔ:t] adj.锻造的；加工的；精细的Yyield criterion 屈服准则yield function 屈服函数yield point 屈服点yield strength 屈服强度Zzinc [ziŋk] n.锌328。
有限元、力学专业词汇汇总--中英文对照
有限元、力学专业词汇汇总拉力tensile force 正应力normal stress 切应力shear stress静水压力hydrostatic pressure 集中力concentrated force 分布力distributed force 线性应力应变关系linear relationship between stress andstrain弹性模量modulus of elasticity 横向力lateral force transverse force轴向力axial force 拉应力tensile stress 压应力compressive stress平衡方程equilibrium equation 静力学方程equations of static比例极限proportional limit 应力应变曲线stress-strain curve 拉伸实验tensile test‘屈服应力yield stress 极限应力ultimate stress 轴shaft 梁beam纯剪切pure shear 横截面积cross-sectional area 挠度曲线deflection curve 曲率半径radius of curvature 曲率半径的倒数reciprocal of radius of curvature纵轴longitudinal axis 悬臂梁cantilever beam 简支梁simply supported beam微分方程differential equation 惯性矩moment of inertia 静矩static moment扭矩torque moment 弯矩bending moment弯矩对x的导数 derivative of bending moment with respect to x弯矩对x的二阶导数the second derivative of bending moment with respect to x静定梁statically determinate beam 静不定梁statically indeterminate beam相容方程compatibility equation 补充方程complementary equation中性轴neutral axis 圆截面circular cross section两端作用扭矩twisted by couples at two ends 刚体rigid body 扭转角twist angle 静力等效statically equivalent 相互垂直平面mutually perpendicular planes通过截面形心through the centroid of the cross section 一端铰支pin support at one end 一端固定fixed at one end 弯矩图bending moment diagram剪力图shear force diagram 剪力突变abrupt change in shear force、旋转和平移rotation and translation虎克定律hook’s law边界条件boundary condition 初始位置initial position、力矩面积法moment-area method 绕纵轴转动rotate about a longitudinal axis 横坐标abscissa 扭转刚度torsional rigidity 拉伸刚度tensile rigidity剪应力的合力resultant of shear stress 正应力的大小magnitude of normal stress 脆性破坏brittle fail 对称平面symmetry plane 刚体的平衡equilibrium of rigid body 约束力constraint force 重力gravitational force实际作用力actual force 三维力系three-dimentional force system合力矩resultant moment 标量方程scalar equation、矢量方程vector equation 张量方程tensor equation 汇交力系cocurrent system of forces任意一点an arbitrary point 合矢量resultant vector 反作用力reaction force反作用力偶reaction couple 转动约束restriction against rotation平动约束restriction against translation 运动的趋势tendency of motion绕给定轴转动rotate about a specific axis 沿一个方向运动move in a direction控制方程control equation 共线力collinear forces 平面力系planar force system 一束光a beam of light 未知反力unknown reaction forces 参考框架frame of reference大小和方向magnitude and direction 几何约束geometric restriction刚性连接rigidly connected 运动学关系kinematical relations运动的合成superposition of movement 固定点fixed point平动的叠加superposition of translation 刚体的角速度angular speed of a rigid body 质点动力学particle dynamics 运动微分方程differential equation of motion 工程实际问题practical engineering problems 变化率rate of change 动量守恒conservation of linear momentum 定性的描述qualitative description点线dotted line 划线dashed line 实线solid line 矢量积vector product点积dot product 极惯性矩polar moment of inertia 角速度angular velocity角加速度angular acceleration infinitesimal amount 无穷小量definite integral 定积分a certain interval of time 某一时间段kinetic energy 动能conservative force 保守力damping force 阻尼力coefficient of damping 阻尼系数free vibration 自由振动periodic disturbance 周期性扰动viscous force 粘性力forced vibration 强迫震动general solution 通解particular solution 特解transient solution 瞬态解steady state solution 稳态解second order partial differential equation 二阶偏微分方程external force 外力internal force 内力stress component 应力分量state of stress 应力状态coordinate axes 坐标系conditions of equilibrium 平衡条件body force 体力continuum mechanics 连续介质力学displacement component位移分量additional restrictions 附加约束compatibility conditions 相容条件mathematical formulations 数学公式isotropic material 各向同性材料sufficient small 充分小state of strain 应变状态unit matrix 单位矩阵dilatation strain 膨胀应变the first strain invariant 第一应变不变量deviator stress components 应力偏量分量resonance frequency 谐振频率the first invariant of stress tensor 应力张量的第一不变量bulk modulus 体积模量constitutive relations 本构关系linear elastic material 线弹性材料mathematical derivation 数学推导 a state of static equilibrium 静力平衡状态Newton‘s first law of motion 牛顿第一运动定律directly proportional to 与……成正比stress concentration factor 应力集中系数state of loading 载荷状态st venant’ principle 圣维南原理uniaxial tension 单轴拉伸cylindrical coordinates 柱坐标buckling of columns 柱的屈曲critical value 临界值stable equilibrium 稳态平衡unstable equilibrium condition 不稳定平衡条件critical load 临界载荷a slender column细长杆fixed at the lower end下端固定free at the upper end上端自由critical buckling load 临界屈曲载荷potential energy 势能fixed at both ends 两端固定hinged at both ends 两端铰支tubular member 管型杆件transverse dimention 横向尺寸stability of column 柱的稳定axial force 轴向力elliptical hole 椭圆孔plane stress 平面应力nominal stress 名义应为principal stress directions 主应力方向axial compression 轴向压缩dynamic loading 动载荷dynamic problem 动力学问题inertia force 惯性力resonance vibration 谐振static states of stress 静态应力dynamic response 动力响应time of contact 接触时间length of wave 波长。
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Allowable stress：许用应力Allowable load：许用荷载Buckling：失稳Flexural rigidity：弯曲刚度，bending 弯曲，normal stress in bending 弯曲正应力Shear stress in bending 弯曲切应力Bending moment ：弯曲Bending moment diagram：弯矩图Critical stress ：临界应力，critical load ：临界荷载Eccentric tension 偏心拉伸Limit load：极限荷载，ultimate stress 极限应力，ultimate stress in tension 抗拉强度Normal Principal stress 主应力，principal stress trajectory 主应力迹线Theorem of conjugate shearing stress切应力互等定律，reciprocal-displacement theorem位移互等定律Torsion ：扭转弹性力学elasticity弹性理论theory of elasticity均匀应力状态homogeneous state of stress应力不变量stress invariant应变不变量strain invariant应变椭球strain ellipsoid均匀应变状态homogeneous state of strain应变协调方程equation of strain compatibility 拉梅常量Lame constants各向同性弹性isotropic elasticity旋转圆盘rotating circular disk楔wedge开尔文问题Kelvin problem 布西内斯克问题Boussinesq problem艾里应力函数Airy stress function克罗索夫--穆斯赫利什维利法Kolosoff- Muskhelishvili method基尔霍夫假设Kirchhoff hypothesis板Plate矩形板Rectangular plate圆板Circular plate环板Annular plate波纹板Corrugated plate加劲板Stiffened plate,reinforced Plate中厚板Plate of moderate thickness弯[曲]应力函数Stress function of bending壳Shell扁壳Shallow shell旋转壳Revolutionary shell球壳Spherical shell[圆]柱壳Cylindrical shell锥壳Conical shell环壳Toroidal shell封闭壳Closed shell波纹壳Corrugated shell扭[转]应力函数Stress function of torsion翘曲函数Warping function半逆解法semi-inverse method瑞利--里茨法Rayleigh-Ritz method松弛法Relaxation method莱维法Levy method松弛Relaxation量纲分析Dimensional analysis自相似[性] self-similarity影响面Influence surface接触应力Contact stress赫兹理论Hertz theory协调接触Conforming contact滑动接触Sliding contact滚动接触Rolling contact压入Indentation各向异性弹性Anisotropic elasticity颗粒材料Granular material散体力学Mechanics of granular media 热弹性Thermoelasticity超弹性Hyperelasticity粘弹性Viscoelasticity对应原理Correspondence principle褶皱Wrinkle塑性全量理论Total theory of plasticity 滑动Sliding微滑Microslip粗糙度Roughness非线性弹性Nonlinear elasticity大挠度Large deflection突弹跳变snap-through有限变形Finite deformation格林应变Green strain阿尔曼西应变Almansi strain弹性动力学Dynamic elasticity运动方程Equation of motion准静态的Quasi-static气动弹性Aeroelasticity水弹性Hydroelasticity颤振Flutter弹性波Elastic wave简单波Simple wave 柱面波Cylindrical wave水平剪切波Horizontal shear wave竖直剪切波Vertical shear wave体波body wave无旋波Irrotational wave畸变波Distortion wave膨胀波Dilatation wave瑞利波Rayleigh wave等容波Equivoluminal wave勒夫波Love wave界面波Interfacial wave边缘效应edge effect塑性力学Plasticity可成形性Formability金属成形Metal forming耐撞性Crashworthiness结构抗撞毁性Structural crashworthiness拉拔Drawing破坏机构Collapse mechanism回弹Springback挤压Extrusion冲压Stamping穿透Perforation层裂Spalling塑性理论Theory of plasticity安定[性]理论Shake-down theory运动安定定理kinematic shake-down theorem 静力安定定理Static shake-down theorem率相关理论rate dependent theorem载荷因子load factor加载准则Loading criterion加载函数Loading function加载面Loading surface塑性加载Plastic loading塑性加载波Plastic loading wave简单加载Simple loading比例加载Proportional loading卸载Unloading卸载波Unloading wave冲击载荷Impulsive load阶跃载荷step load脉冲载荷pulse load极限载荷limit load中性变载nentral loading拉抻失稳instability in tension加速度波acceleration wave本构方程constitutive equation完全解complete solution名义应力nominal stress过应力over-stress真应力true stress等效应力equivalent stress流动应力flow stress应力间断stress discontinuity应力空间stress space主应力空间principal stress space静水应力状态hydrostatic state of stress 对数应变logarithmic strain工程应变engineering strain等效应变equivalent strain应变局部化strain localization应变率strain rate应变率敏感性strain rate sensitivity应变空间strain space 有限应变finite strain塑性应变增量plastic strain increment累积塑性应变accumulated plastic strain永久变形permanent deformation内变量internal variable应变软化strain-softening理想刚塑性材料rigid-perfectly plasticMaterial刚塑性材料rigid-plastic material理想塑性材料perfectl plastic material材料稳定性stability of material应变偏张量deviatoric tensor of strain应力偏张量deviatori tensor of stress应变球张量spherical tensor of strain应力球张量spherical tensor of stress路径相关性path-dependency线性强化linear strain-hardening应变强化strain-hardening随动强化kinematic hardening各向同性强化isotropic hardening强化模量strain-hardening modulus幂强化power hardening塑性极限弯矩plastic limit bending Moment塑性极限扭矩plastic limit torque弹塑性弯曲elastic-plastic bending弹塑性交界面elastic-plastic interface弹塑性扭转elastic-plastic torsion粘塑性Viscoplasticity非弹性Inelasticity理想弹塑性材料elastic-perfectly plastic Material极限分析limit analysis极限设计limit design极限面limit surface上限定理upper bound theorem上屈服点upper yield point下限定理lower bound theorem下屈服点lower yield point界限定理bound theorem初始屈服面initial yield surface后继屈服面subsequent yield surface屈服面[的]外凸性convexity of yield surface 截面形状因子shape factor of cross-section沙堆比拟sand heap analogy屈服Yield屈服条件yield condition屈服准则yield criterion屈服函数yield function屈服面yield surface塑性势plastic potential能量吸收装置energy absorbing device能量耗散率energy absorbing device塑性动力学dynamic plasticity塑性动力屈曲dynamic plastic buckling塑性动力响应dynamic plastic response塑性波plastic wave运动容许场kinematically admissible Field静力容许场statically admissible Field流动法则flow rule速度间断velocity discontinuity滑移线slip-lines滑移线场slip-lines field移行塑性铰travelling plastic hinge塑性增量理论incremental theory of Plasticity 米泽斯屈服准则Mises yield criterion普朗特--罗伊斯关系prandtl- Reuss relation 特雷斯卡屈服准则Tresca yield criterion洛德应力参数Lode stress parameter莱维--米泽斯关系Levy-Mises relation亨基应力方程Hencky stress equation赫艾--韦斯特加德应力空间Haigh-Westergaard stress space洛德应变参数Lode strain parameter德鲁克公设Drucker postulate盖林格速度方程Geiringer velocity Equation 结构力学structural mechanics结构分析structural analysis结构动力学structural dynamics拱Arch三铰拱three-hinged arch抛物线拱parabolic arch圆拱circular arch穹顶Dome空间结构space structure空间桁架space truss雪载[荷] snow load风载[荷] wind load土压力earth pressure地震载荷earthquake loading弹簧支座spring support支座位移support displacement支座沉降support settlement超静定次数degree of indeterminacy机动分析kinematic analysis结点法method of joints截面法method of sections结点力joint forces共轭位移conjugate displacement影响线influence line三弯矩方程three-moment equation单位虚力unit virtual force刚度系数stiffness coefficient柔度系数flexibility coefficient力矩分配moment distribution力矩分配法moment distribution method力矩再分配moment redistribution分配系数distribution factor矩阵位移法matri displacement method单元刚度矩阵element stiffness matrix单元应变矩阵element strain matrix总体坐标global coordinates贝蒂定理Betti theorem高斯--若尔当消去法Gauss-Jordan elimination Method屈曲模态buckling mode复合材料力学mechanics一.综合类1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质 compression index2.cu undrained shear strength3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0(cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.Ip plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ28.K0’ domain fo r effective stressesσ1 ‘ andσ2’9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count, standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio 15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test18.qu unconfined compressive strength19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscriptsb and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2principal stresses, σ1 ‘ andσ2’ denote effective principal stresses23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度27.saturated unit weight饱和重度28.effective unit weight有效重度29.density密度pactness密实度31.maximum dry density最大干密度32.optimum water content最优含水量33.three phase diagram三相图34.tri-phase soil三相土35.soil fraction粒组36.sieve analysis筛分37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39.coefficient of gradation级配系数40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer 美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载23.short。