2020年考研英语一写作解析：应用文写作
2020考研英语作文范文三篇
【导语】学而不思则罔，在掌握知识点之后将其运用在解题中才是备考的好方法。
备考需要一点点积累才能到达效果，为您提供2020考研英语作文范文三篇，一起看看吧。
2020考研英语作文范文篇一Book Knowledge vs. ExperienceKnowledge can be acquired from many sources. These include books, teachers and practical experience, and each has its own advantages. The knowledge we gain from books and formal education enables us to learn about things that we have no opportunity to experience in daily life. We can study all the places in the world and learn from people we will never meet in our lifetime, just by reading about them in books. We can also develop our analytical skills and learn how to view and interpret the world around us in different ways. Furthermore, we can learn from the past by reading books. In this way, we won't repeat the mistakes of others and can build on their achievements.Practical experience, on the other hand, can give us more useful knowledge. It is said that one learns best by doing, and I believe that this is true, whether one is successful or not. In fact, I think making mistakes is the best way to learn. Moreover, if one wants to make new advances, it is necessary to act. Innovations do not come about through reading but through experimentation. Finally, one can apply the skills and insights gained through the study of books to practical experience, making an already meaningful experience more meaningful. However, unless it is applied to real experiences, book knowledge remains theoretical and, in the end, is useless. That is why I believe that knowledge gained from practical experience is more important than that acquired from books.参考译文：书本知识与实际经验获得知识的来源有很多，其中包括书本、老师，以及实际经验，而每一种都有其优点。
2020考研英语应用文写作指导：投诉信
【导语】天再⾼⼜怎样，踮起脚尖就更接近阳光。
备考开始了，坚持下去，你是最棒的！以下为2020考研英语应⽤⽂写作指导，今天你复习了吗？ ⼀. 投诉信的结构 (1)开头：⾃我介绍，交代投诉内容，表明本信的⽬的和要求。
(2)正⽂：说明情况，讲清利害，分析利弊。
告诉对⽅你因此受到的伤害或不便，提出解决问题的建议，表明希望如何处理。
(3)结尾：表达希望问题得到迅速恰当解决的强烈愿望，希望尽快得到满意的答复。
⼆. 投诉信经典句型归纳 (1)It is a great pity that we find there is something wrong with… 令⼈⾮常遗憾的是我们发现……有问题。
(2)Would you please let me know whether or not you can…as soon as possible? 你们是否可以告知我能不能尽快…… (3)I hope that my problem will get your kind consideration。
我希望您能考虑⼀下我的问题。
(4)I am sure there are technical or manmade errors involved.我确信出现了技术或⼈为的错误。
(5)l hope you can make an investigation into this matter as soon as possible.我希望你们能尽快调查此事。
(6)I hope I can get my refund as soon as possible.我希望能尽快收到退款。
(7)I am writing to make a complaint about… 我写信是为了投诉…… (8)If it is not properly settled，I would ask you to give my money back, or I would complain to the concerned authorities.如果此事不能妥善解决，我将要求退还⽀付款项，或者向有关部门投诉。
2020考研英语一大作文真题与范文
2020考研英语一大作文真题与范文英语(一)真题PART BDirections:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay, you should1) describe the pictures briefly,2) interpret the meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points) 【参考范文】In the pictures above are a father and her beloved son. In the left cartoon, smoking a cigarette and sitting in a sofa comfortably, the father is watchi ng a football match on TV and shouting, “Son, study hard for me!” On the contrary, in the left portrayal, at 9 p.m. , the father is studying together with his son, both totally absorbed in their books. The caption indicates, “Instead of merely making a req uest, setting an example.”The purpose of the pictures is to show us that utmost significance should be attached to practicing what you preach. On the one hand, parents teach much more by their actions, than by their words. Some of them may say to their ch ildren, “don’t say nasty things about so and so”, and then the children will hear them criticize their friends and neighbors. On the other hand, parenting is such a crucial responsibility, yet there are no required courses to prepare one to undertake this role in life. The only learning is the example from one’s own parents.To sum up, parents are the best teachers.Obviously, if parents’ actions don’t conflict their ownwords, they would have the opportunity to be outstanding examples of their children. Ju st as an old saying goes, “Action speak louder than words.”在上面的图片中是一个父亲和她心爱的儿子。
2020年考研英语一真题及答案解析
2020年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语一）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families are less likely to sit down to eat together than was once the case, millions of Britons will none the less have partaken this weekend of one of the nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. __1__ a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can __2__it. Yet as we report now, the food police are determined that this __3__ should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure __4__ to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has __5__ a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked __6__ high temperatures.This means that people should __7__ crisping their roast potatoes, spurn thin-crust pizzas and only __8__ toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice? __9__ studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no __10__ evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is "__11__ to be carcinogenic" but have no hard scientific proof. __12__ the precautionary principle, it could be argued that it is __13__ to follow the FSA advice. __14__, it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a __15__.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be __16__ up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables,without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? __17__, the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods __18__, but to reduce their lifetime intake. However, their __19__ risks coming across as exhortation and nannying. Constant health scares just __20__ with no one listening.1. A In B Towards C On D Till2. A match B express C satisfy D influence3. A patience B enjoyment C surprise D concern4. A intensified B privileged C compelled D guaranteed5. A issued B received C ignored D canceled6. A under B at C for D by7. A forget B regret C finish D avoid8. A partially B regularly C easily D initially9. A Unless B Since C If D While10. A secondary B external C inconclusive D negative11. A insufficient B bound C likely D slow12. A On the basis of B At the cost of C In addition to D In contrast to13. A interesting B advisable C urgent D fortunate14. A As usual B In particular C By definition D After all15. A resemblance B combination C connection D pattern16. A made B served C saved D used17. A To be fair B For instance C To be brief D in general18. A reluctantly B entirely C gradually D carefully19. A promise B experience C campaign D competition20. A follow up B pick up C open up D end up解析：今年完形填空的难度较前两年略难，虽然话题不难理解，但不易把握上下文的线索。
考研英语写作应用文范文
考研英语写作应用文范文范文一：申请信Dear Admissions Committee,I am writing to express my strong interest in the master's program in Computer Science at your esteemed institution. I have completed my undergraduate degree in Computer Science and Engineering from XYZ University with a GPA of 3.8, and I believe that pursuing a master's degree will help me achieve my career goals.During my undergraduate studies, I was exposed to a wide range of topics in computer science, including algorithm design, data structures, and programming languages. However, I am particularly interested in machine learning and artificial intelligence, and I have worked on several projects in these fields. For instance, I developed a predictive model for stock prices using machine learning algorithms, which was well received by my professors and peers.I am impressed by the faculty and research facilities at your institution, especially the research being done in the area of artificial intelligence. I am excited about the opportunity to work with distinguished professors and researchers in this field and expand my knowledge and skills.I am confident that I can contribute to the academic and research community at your institution, and I look forward to the opportunity to pursue a master's degree in Computer Science. Thank you for considering my application.Sincerely,[Your Name]范文二：建议信Dear [Recipient],I am writing to express my concern about the traffic congestion on Main Street during rush hours. As a resident of the area, I have observed that the traffic has become increasingly congested over the past few years, leading to long commutes and increased air pollution.I believe that implementing a dedicated bus lane on Main Street would help alleviate some of the traffic congestion. This would encourage more people to use public transportation instead of driving their own vehicles, reducing the number of cars on the road and decreasing travel time for commuters.Furthermore, I suggest increasing the frequency of buses during peak hours to accommodate the increased demand. This would encourage even more people to use public transportation, leading to further reductions in traffic congestion and air pollution.I understand that implementing these changes would requireresources and planning, but I believe that the long-term benefits would outweigh the costs. I urge you to consider my suggestions and take action to address the traffic congestion on Main Street.Thank you for your consideration.Sincerely,[Your Name]范文三：求职信Dear Hiring Manager,I am writing to express my interest in the position of Marketing Manager at XYZ Corporation. As a highly motivated individual with a passion for marketing, I believe that I can make a valuable contribution to your team.I have completed my MBA with a focus on marketing from ABC University, and I have gained valuable experience working in various marketing roles over the past five years. I have worked on several successful marketing campaigns, including a digital marketing campaign that led to a 25% increase in website traffic and a 10% increase in sales for my previous employer.I am impressed by the innovative marketing strategies employed by XYZ Corporation, and I believe that my skills and experience align well with the requirements of this position. I am confident that I can bring a fresh perspective and creative ideas to your marketingteam and help drive the growth of your business.Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to discuss my qualifications further.Sincerely,[Your Name]范文四：辞职信Dear [Manager's Name],I am writing to inform you of my resignation from my position as [Position] at [Company]. My last day of work will be [Date].I have enjoyed my time at [Company] and appreciate the opportunities that I have been given during my tenure here. However, after careful consideration, I have decided to pursue other career opportunities that better align with my personal and professional goals.I would like to express my gratitude to you and the entire team for your support and guidance during my time at [Company]. I have learned a great deal from working with such talented individuals, and I am grateful for the experience.I am committed to ensuring a smooth transition during my remaining time at the company, and I am willing to assist in any way possible to ensure that my responsibilities are transferred seamlessly.Thank you again for the opportunities that you have providedme, and I wish you and the team continued success in the future.Sincerely,[Your Name]范文五：投诉信Dear Customer Service Manager,I am writing to express my frustration with the poor service that I received during my recent visit to your store. I visited the store on [Date] to purchase a new laptop, but I encountered several issues that left me feeling dissatisfied with the overall experience.Firstly, I had trouble finding a staff member to assist me with my purchase. Despite wandering around the store for several minutes, I was unable to locate a sales associate to help me. When I finally managed to find someone, they seemed disinterested in helping me and offered little guidance or advice.Furthermore, when I finally decided on a laptop and proceeded to make the payment, I was informed that the laptop was out of stock. This was。
考研英语写作-(应用文及范文)
范文1：求职信Applying for the Position of Assistant for Marketing Project ManagerDirections:You are a senior of English for Business. A German company in China is recruiting an assistant to marketing project manager, which requires a good command of English and knowledge in German especially. Write a letter of about 100 words applying for the position, introducing yourself and asking for an interview. You needn’t write the address. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, using “Wang Lin” instead.Dear Sirs,I am graduating from the Shanghai Institute of Foreign Trade this summer. As a student of English for Business, I hope to work for a foreign company after graduation.In the past three academic years, I have proved myself to be a straight student, awarded a succession of scholarships. My English is particularly good and German happens to be my second foreign language, which will live up to the requirements set by a wholly foreign-owned enterprise like yours.I apply for the position of assistant to your marketing project manager. You will find me a good team player, self-motivated and eager to learn. I believe I can be of value to your company.Enclosed please find my resume.I should be very happy if you would arrange an interview with me.Yours sincerely,Your advertisement in...caught my attention.贵方刊登在……上的广告吸引了我的注意。
2020考研英语作文参考+答疑-最新范文
2020考研英语作文参考+答疑2020考研英语作文参考+答疑英语一51. Directions:The Student Union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students of an upcoming singing contest. Write a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER Sheet. Do not use your name in the notice.【参考范文】NoticeSeptember 25It is so great to inform you that a singing contest will be held by our Student Union, and this notice is for the purpose of introducing the relevant arrangements and details. Firstly, this contest is scheduled to start at 19:00 on October 5 in the Center of Students’Activities and it will last for approximately two hours. Secondly, provided that your are contestants as individuals or groups, it is advisable for youto have a rehearsal in the center the day before the contest. Lastly, do not forget to prepare your musical instruments and accompaniment. Of course, you are welcome to watch the contest as audience. We deem that with your support and participation, this contest will be successful and fabulous.the Student Union【译文】通知9月25日很高兴通知各位,学生会将举办一次歌唱比赛。
2020年考研英语真题答案及解析
2020年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语一）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before,millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions;the Sunday roast.__1__a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can2it.Yet as we report now,the food police are determined our health.That this__3__should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure__4__to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority(FSA)has__5__a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked__6__high temperatures.This means that people should__7__ crisping their roast potatoes,spurn thin-crust pizzas and only__8__toast their bread.But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice?__9__studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no__10__evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is"__11__to be carcinogenic"but have no hard scientific proof.__12__the precautionary principle,it could be argued that it is__13__to follow the FSA advice.__14__,it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a__15__.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be__16__up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine.But would life be worth living?__17__,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods__18__,but to reduce their lifetime intake.However,their__19__risks coming across as exhortation and nannying.Constant health scares just__20__with no one listening.1.[A]In[B]Towards[C]On[D]Till2.[A]match[B]express[C]satisfy[D]influence3.[A]patience[B]enjoyment[C]surprise[D]concern4.[A]intensified[B]privileged[C]compelled[D]guaranteed5.[A]issued[B]received[C]ignored[D]canceled6.[A]under[B]at[C]for[D]by7.[A]forget[B]regret[C]finish[D]avoid8.[A]partially[B]regularly[C]easily[D]initially9.[A]Unless[B]Since[C]If[D]While10.[A]secondary[B]external[C]inconclusive[D]negative11.[A]insufficient[B]bound[C]likely[D]slow12.[A]On the basis of[B]At the cost of[C]In addition to[D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting[B]advisable[C]urgent[D]fortunate14.[A]As usual[B]In particular[C]By definition[D]After all15.[A]resemblance[B]combination[C]connection[D]pattern16.[A]made[B]served[C]saved[D]used17.[A]To be fair[B]For instance[C]To be brief[D]in general18.[A]reluctantly[B]entirely[C]gradually[D]carefully19.[A]promise[B]experience[C]campaign[D]competition20.[A]follow up[B]pick up[C]open up[D]end upSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40points）Text1A group of labour MPs,among them Yvette Cooper,are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture"award.The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title,which was held by Hull in2017and has been awarded to Coventry for zoz1.Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull,where it brought in£220m of investment and an avalanche of arts,out not to be confined to cities.Britain'town,it is true are not prevented from applying,but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions.A town of culture award could,it is argued,become an annual event,attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture,a sough-after award bagged by Glasgow in1990and Liverpool in2008.A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world:after town of culture,who knows that will follow-village of culture?Suburb of culture?Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all.A badly run"year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide,bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community.The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year.They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right,and requires a remarkable degree of vision,as well as cooperation between city authorities,the private sector,community. groups and cultural organisations.But it can be done:Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art,music and theatre that it remains today.A"town of culture"could be not just about the arts but about honoring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street,supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21.Copper and her colleague argue that a"town of culture"award would___.A.consolidate the town city ties in BritainB.promote cooperation among Brain's townsC.increase the economic strength of Brain's townsD.focus Brain's limited resources on cultural events.22.According to paragraph2,the proposal might be regarded by some as______..A.a sensible compromiseB.a self-deceiving attemptC.an eye-catching bonusD.an inaccessible target23.The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it______A.endeavor to maintain its imageB.meets the aspiration of its peopleC.brings its local arts to prominencemits to its long-term growth24.“Glasgow”is mentioned in Paragraph3to present______A.a contrasting caseB.a supporting exampleC.a background storyD.a related topic25.What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?A.SkepticalB.ObjectiveC.FavorableD.CriticalText2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money.Scientists need joumals in which to publish their research,so they will supply the articles without monetary reward.Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free,because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free,the publisher needs only find a market for its journal.Until this century,university libraries were not very price sensitive.Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching40%on their operations,at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis. The Dutch giant Elsevier,which claims to publish25%of the scientific papers produced in the world,made profits of more than£900m last year,while UK universities alone spent more than£210m in2016to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic,and thoroughly illegal,reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub,a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers,set up in2012,which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since2015.The success of Sci-Hub,which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed,shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful.More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication,or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities.Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article.These range from around￡500to$5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these“article preparation costs”had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status,while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.In both cases,we need a rebalancing of power.26.Scientific publishing is seen as“a licence to print money"partly because________[A]its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B]its marketing strategy has been successful.[C]its payment for peer review is reduced.[D]its content acquisition costs nothing.27.According to Paragraphs2and3,scientific publishers Elsevier have________[A]thrived mainly on university libraries.[B]gone through an existential crisis.[C]revived the publishing industry.[D]financed researchers generously.28.How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?[A]Relieved.[B]Puzzled.[C]Concerned[D]Encouraged.29.It can be learned from Paragraphs5and6that open access terms________[A]allow publishers some room to make money.[B]render publishing much easier for scientists.[C]reduce the cost of publication substantially.[D]free universities from financial burdens.30.Which of the following characteristics the scientific publishing model?[A]Trial subscription is offered.[B]Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.D]The few feed on the many.Text3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field.But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad,to ensure"gender parity"on boards and commissions,provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than40percent female.In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities,they have proposed imposing government quotas.If the bills become law,state boards and commissions will be required to set aside50percent of board seats for women by2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia,which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies.In signing the measure,California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law,which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex,is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important"policy interest,Because the California law applies to all boards,even where there is no history of prior discrimination,courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of"equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary?Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population,but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst,between2010and2015the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by54percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards.That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic,Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a“golden skirt "phenomenon,where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad wills________[A]help little to reduce gender bias.[B]pose a threat to the state government.[C]raise women's position in politics.[D]greatly broaden career options.32.Which of the following is true of the California measure?[A]It has irritated private business owners.[B]It is welcomed by the Supreme Court,[C]It may go against the Constitution.[D]It will settle the prior controversies.33.The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate____[A]the harm from arbitrary board decision.[B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C]the pressure on women in global corporations.[D]the needlessness of government interventions.34.Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to____[A]the underestimation of elite women's role.[B]the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D]the growing tension between labor and management.35.Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A]Women's need in employment should be considered.[B]Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.[C]Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D]Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.Text4Last Thursday,the French Senate passed a digital services tax,which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France.Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data,and the tax applies to gross revenue from such servces.Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a“GAFA tax,"meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google, Apple,Facebook and Amazon-in other words,multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron,who has expressed support for the measure,and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy,with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue.Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend,with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions.These have included Britain's DPT(diverted profits tax),Australia's MAAL(multinational antiavoidance law),and India's SEP(significant economic presence)test,to name but a few. At the same time,the European Union,Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics,but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right.In other words,they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures,the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD)is currently working with131countries to reach a consensus by the end of2020on an international solution.Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work,but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France`s planned tax is a clear warning:Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system,other nations are likely to follow suit,and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to_____[A]regulate digital services platforms.[B]protect French companies'interests.[C]impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D]curb the influence of advertising.37.It can be learned from Paragraph2that the digital services tax_____[A]may trigger countermeasures against France.[B]is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C]aims to ease international trade tensions.[D]will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38.The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that_____[A]redistribution of tech giants'revenue must be ensured.[B]the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C]tech multinationals'monopoly should be prevented.[D]all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39.It can be learned from Para5that the OECO's current work_____[A]is being resisted by US companies.[B]needs to be readjusted immediately.[C]is faced with uncertain prospects.[D]needs to in involve more countries.40.Which of the following might be the.best title for this text?[A]France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B]France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C]France Says"NO"to Tech Multinationals[D]France Demands a Role in the Digital EconomyPart BDirections:In the following text,some sentences have been removed.For Questions41-45,choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Eye fixactions are brief[B]Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C]Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D]Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E]Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated[F]Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G]Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation,eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way.But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate tums toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact:41.________________We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes,and she will look back.This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child.In adulthood,looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention.It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile"can signal availability and confidence,a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42.________Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded.This was also found in high-functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms,who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches,using advanced methods of brain scanning.43.________With the use of eye-tracking technology,Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations,it's more likely to be associated with dominance OF intimidation in adversarial situations.Whether you're a politician or a parent,it might be helpful to keep'in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you're trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,"said Minson.44.________When we look at a face or a picture,our eyes pause on one spot at a time,often on the eyes or mouth.These pauses typically occur at about three per second,and the eyes then jump to another spot,until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots.How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45.________In people who score high in a test of neuroticism,a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety,eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues.Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ-"A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.Part C TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the14th century known as the Renaissance,the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known.It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being.Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the17th century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition.46.With（the gap between）the church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the medieval and modern periods had been bridged,leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.During the Renaissance,the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus,Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery.47.Before each of their revelations,many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking,including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.Copernicus theorized in1543that in actual fact,all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth,but the Sun,a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense.Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy,and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.Galileo was excommunicated by the Church and imprisoned for life for his astronomical observations and his support of the heliocentric principle.48.Despite attempts by the Church to strong-arm this new generation of logicians and rationalists,more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made,and at a rate that the people-including the Church -could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long-standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists.This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of the17th century.49.As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world.The Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The17th and18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity.Scientific method,reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged,as were ideas of liberty,tolerance and progress.50.Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase'sapere aude'or'dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay An Answer to the Question:What is Enlightenment?It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth,which they believed to be founded in knowledge.Section IV WritingPart A51.Directions:The Student Union of your university has assigned you to inform theinternational students an upcoming singing contest.Write a notice in about100words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your name in the notice.Part B52:Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the picture below.In your essay,you should:1)Describe the picture briefly;2)Interpret the implied meaning,and3)Give your comments2020年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语一）答案及解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)今年完形填空的难度较前两年略难，虽然话题不难理解，但不易把握上下文的线索。
2020全国卷一英语应用文范文
2020全国卷一英语应用文范文Dear Editor,I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude to the kind-hearted gentleman who helped me during a recent trip to the city library.On the morning of last Sunday, I was on my way to the library when I was caught in a heavy rainstorm. I was drenched to the skin and shivering from the cold. Just as I was about to give up and head back home, a man in histhirties approached me with an umbrella. He kindly offered to share it with me and walked me all the way to the library's entrance. Despite the rain, he insisted on walking back to his car without the umbrella, leaving me touched by his selflessness.This simple act of kindness has not only warmed my heart but also reminded me of the importance of helping others in need. I believe that such positive actions should be acknowledged and shared with the community. I hope that through sharing this story, we can inspire more people to show kindness and consideration to those around them.Thank you for your time and consideration in reading my letter.Yours sincerely,Li Hua。
考研英语一作文题型
考研英语一作文题型考研英语一的作文部分通常包括两篇作文，第一篇是小作文，通常是应用文写作，第二篇是大作文，通常是议论文写作。
下面是两种题型的具体介绍：1. 应用文写作（小作文）应用文写作要求考生能够根据所给情境，用英语写一封私人或公务信函、备忘录、报告等。
这类作文的特点是格式规范、语言正式、内容具体。
考生需要注意以下几点：- 明确写作目的：考生需要根据题目要求确定信件的类型和写作目的。
- 使用恰当的称呼：根据信件对象的不同，使用合适的称呼，如Dear Sir or Madam, To Whom It May Concern等。
- 遵循格式规范：应用文通常有固定的格式，如信件的开头、结尾、签名等。
- 语言表达要正式：使用正式的语言和表达方式，避免使用口语化或非正式的词汇。
2. 议论文写作（大作文）议论文写作要求考生就某一社会现象或问题发表自己的看法，并给出支持自己观点的理由和例证。
这类作文的特点是结构清晰、观点明确、论证充分。
考生需要注意以下几点：- 明确主题：考生需要根据题目要求确定作文的主题，并围绕这一主题展开论述。
- 结构清晰：议论文通常包括引言、主体段落和结论。
引言部分简要介绍话题，主体段落展开论证，结论部分总结观点。
- 观点明确：考生需要明确表达自己的观点，并用充分的理由和例证支持这一观点。
- 论证充分：使用事实、统计数据、逻辑推理等手段来支持自己的观点，使论证更加有说服力。
在准备考研英语一作文时，考生应该多读多写，熟悉各种类型的作文题目和写作要求，同时积累词汇和表达，提高写作能力。
2023考研英语一应用文类型
2023考研英语一应用文类型一、应用文类型概述应用文是指在日常生活、工作和学习中，为达到特定目的而撰写的具有实际应用价值的文章。
2023考研英语一中的应用文类型主要包括邮件、通知、倡议书、报告等。
了解这些类型有助于我们更好地应对考试和实际生活中的写作需求。
二、应用文写作技巧1.明确目的：在开始写作前，要明确文章的目的，以便有针对性地进行写作。
2.结构清晰：应用文要有明确的结构，包括开头、正文和结尾。
开头介绍背景和目的；正文详细说明事项；结尾总结并提出期望或建议。
3.语言简练：应用文要求语言简洁明了，避免冗长和复杂的句子。
4.注意格式：根据文种，遵循相应的格式规范，如邮件的称呼、正文分割线、落款等。
5.礼貌用词：应用文要礼貌待人，尊重对方，避免使用过于随意的语气。
三、应用文案例分析以下以一封倡议书为例，进行分析：倡议书尊敬的各位同学：为了提高同学们对环保意识的重视，我们将于本月20日举行一场环保宣传活动。
以下是活动详情：时间：本月20日周六上午9点地点：学校操场活动内容：环保知识讲座、环保手工制作、环保签名活动等。
我们诚挚邀请各位同学踊跃参加，共同为地球环保贡献一份力量。
请于本月15日前回复报名，以便我们做好活动准备。
感谢大家的支持与配合！环保宣传活动筹备组四、提高应用文写作水平的方法1.多阅读：阅读优秀的应用文，学习他人的写作方法和技巧。
2.勤练习：多进行实际写作，不断提高自己的写作能力。
3.反思与总结：每次写作后，对自己的作品进行反思和总结，找出不足之处，不断改进。
4.学习写作技巧：学习应用文的写作技巧，如结构安排、语言运用等。
五、总结掌握应用文类型、写作技巧以及提高写作水平的方法，有助于我们在考试和实际生活中写出高质量的应用文。
2020考研英语一作文真题及(8篇)
2020考研英语一作文真题及(8篇)2020考研英语一作文真题及篇一NoticeDecember 21, 2019To ensure that students from overseas have abundant extracurricular activities, I am writing to inform you of some relevant information with regard to the singing petition.This event will be held in the auditorium of our university on May 10, 2020, and it will start at 7 and end at 10 o’clock in the evening. At the opening ceremony, our headmaster will make clear that the purpose of the petition is to enrich the extracurricular activities of the students on campus. Participants will be from different majors in our university. Then is the time for the singing contest.We are looking forward to seeing you there. You will have memorable and happy time in this event.The Student Union2020考研英语一作文真题及篇二impose alevy on tech multinationals.may trigger countermeasures against France.the current international tax system needs upgradingis faced with uncertain prospects.France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not fortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their petitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals 's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In adulthood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a plimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, ^v^Eye contact and smile^v^ can signal availability and confidence, a mon-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42.Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of theirgaze was recorded. This was also found in high-functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43.With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. ^v^Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,^v^ said Minson.44.When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45.In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues ^v^Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ.^v^ A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more fortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.2020考研英语一作文真题及篇三Exhibited in the cartoon is a sarcastic scene that sitting before a puter, a college student is choosing his optional class, wondering and pondering whether he should choose an easier course or a tougher but creative course. Simple as the picture is, the symbolic meaning it conveys is profound and thought-provoking.It is beyond doubt that the painter aims to tell us that everyone, especially college students, should have the spirit of creation and innovation. To put it another way, innovation is an essential and indispensable role for anyone who wants to succeed. This can be directly attributed to the fact that one may be caught in dilemma, at least once in life. Such a dilemma may coincidentally be most difficult period in his life. Then there are two choices before him: making a creative choice or an easier one. If he chooses the former and tries to break through the barrier, difficult as it will be, success will be the result one day. However, although it seems to be much easier for him at the moment, the latter choice may kill off his dream and ambition, and such choice then will be a pity all his life.As college student, definitely, we are facing or will face many difficulties. At such moment, we should bear in mind that creation is a necessary and indispensable quality in our life, a positive attitude to life and an approach to success. Keep the spirit of innovation, and we will win a better life.2020考研英语一作文真题及篇四总体而言，今年英语一总体难度比去年大，学生都普遍反映难度超出预期。
2020年考研英语(一)真题及答案解析
2020年考研英语(一)真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exer cise precious to health.” But _____some claims to the contrary, laughing probably h as little influence on physical filness Laughter does _____short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ____ heart rate and oxygen c onsumption But because hard laughter is difficult to ____, a good laugh is unl ikely to have _____ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.____, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughte r apparently accomplishes the ____, studies dat ing back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter. muscles,Such bodily reaction might conceivably help____the effects of psychologic al stress.Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___ ___feedback,that improve an individual’s emotional state. ______one classical th eory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted _______ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ______they are sad but they become sad when te tears begin to flow.Although sadness also _______ tears,evidence suggests that emotions can f low _____ muscular responses.In an experiment published in 1988,social psych ologist Fritz.1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17．[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by c hoosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its ne xt music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the resp onse has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony T ommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, howeve r, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had adv ocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musicia n with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians li ke Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting com positions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhe re else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music fr om iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the a rt-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera ho uses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorde d performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recor dings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such r ecordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional cl assical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly differ ent, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship betwee n America’s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert’s appointment has[A]incurred criticism.[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim.[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.[D]overestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author fe els[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in th e usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much m y decision,”McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO a nd chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to th e outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also m ay wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior manage rs cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be m ore willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnove r was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders th ey had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunitie s will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconve ntional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Kor n/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in to p positions q uickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she want ed to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-base d commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambiti ons to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution thr ee years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The fin ancial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a ba d one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s be en fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hur t the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be describ ed as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28. The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.[C]top performers care more about reputations.[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]CEOs: Where to Go?[B]CEOs: All the Way Up?[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media –such as television comm ercials and print advertisements –still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a produ ct may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sale s to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own pr oducts. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for use rs’ respon ses. But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media –for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so str ong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within t hat environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competiti ve products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable infor mation about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers wit h more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the ris k that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earn ed media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakehold ers, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Mem bers of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media t o apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boy cott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a c ase, the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and t he learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick an d well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to e ngage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor’s experience i s cited as an example of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cove r story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter –not hing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less t han a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding th at children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measure d by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-cr ushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive –and newly single –mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every wee k features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstand s.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder th at admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn’t seem quite fair, then, to comp are the regrets of paren ts to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wond er if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered wi th the message that children are the single most important thing in the world:obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Week ly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are sin gle mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a pa rtner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults under stand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in so me small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the a ctual experienc e, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazine s is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosi ng from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusias m as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in thr ee years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philo sophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of A merican college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in hi story and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want t heir undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer stu dents want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more ba chelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requir es fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humaniti es students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that th ey can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts e ducations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in differen t schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top Ameri can universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public mone y for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose f ourfold between 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as resea rch took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind profession alisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a p articular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”So disciplines acqu ire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the p roduction of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to al ter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise, ac ademics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from th e societies which they study, investigate and criticize.”Academic inquiry, at lea st in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Ye t quite how that happens, Mr Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book T he Marketplace of Ideas: Refor m and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go el sewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it s killfully.G → 41. →42. → E →43. →44. →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segment s into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHE ET 2. (10 points)With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner chara cter and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that beca use we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneou s nature. Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we thi nk that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind g enerates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be abl e to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do thi s or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do no t accord with desire, Allen concluded : “ We do not attract what we want, bu t what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the ex ternal achievement; you don’t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap b etween mind and matter.\Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.” (48) This seems a justification for negl ect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If c ircumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed t o bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Neve rtheless, as any biog rapher knows, a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is that we have no one else to blam e for our present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilitie s contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were exp erts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.Section ⅢWritingPart A51.Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and2) give reasons for your recommendationYour should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User“LI MING” in stead.Do not writer the address.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160---200 words based on the following drawing. In yo ur essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain it’s intended meaning, and3) give your comments.Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2011年考研英语(一)真题参考答案1-5，ACDBA 6-10 CADCB 11-15 BCACA 16-20 BCADB21-25 DBCAA 26-30 CCBDB 31-35 CCBDB 36-40 CBCCC41-45 BDCAE翻译：46、艾伦的贡献在于提供了我们能分担和揭示错误性质的假设--因为我们不是机器人，因此我们能够控制我们的理想。
考研英语的作文应用文写作
考研英语的作文应用文写作考研英语中一个特别重要的部分就是写作，分为两个部分Part A的应用文写作和Part B的看图写作。
长期以来，Part A 应用文写作部分都是以书信的写作为主，除了20xx年英语一考试考查过一次通知写作，20xx年的考研英语也果真不出所料，仍旧是考查书信的写作。
书信的写作除了把握英语信件固有的写作格式之外，书信中详细内容的写作是得分的关键。
但由于书信的种类繁多，如建议信、邀请信、询问信、感谢信等等，复习考研的同学时常由于要记忆不同书信类型写作模板，而对应用文写作望而生畏。
这是一个学习书信写作的误区，其实只要抓住了书信写作的思路，复习考研的同学就可以轻松搞定考研写作的Part A部分。
通常来讲，英语书信写作无非遵从三段论的写作思路，而且每段的详细写作内容也是既定的，在第一段要开篇名义，说明写信目的，是恳求关心、供应建议、表达感谢还是歉意。
另外，假如是非私人信函，还需要加上简洁的自我介绍。
其次段是书信的主体段，考生肯定要依据写作指令中的详细要求，切题发挥，绽开写作。
最终一段通常是表达感谢/歉意，以及期盼回复。
假如复习考研的同学能牢牢抓住这个写作思路，无论是什么类型的信件，都能轻松搞定。
抓住以上这个书信写作思路，不仅能大大削减考生备考的记忆负担，而且能透过纷繁简单的写作指令，直击写作核心内容。
比如20xx年英语二的应用文写作题目Directions: Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student. Write him to email to1) tell him about your living habits, and2) ask for advice about living there.这道题目要求写的书信很难详细确认是属于何种类型的书信，但是只要我们依据老师在课上讲解的以上这个写作思路，考生就可以轻松搞定这道考题。
考研英语一小作文分析
二、总结常见考点和易错点
在分析往年考研英语一小作文时，我发现了一些常见的考点和易错点，比如时态、语态、句式、表达方式等。这些考点和易错点往往是考生容易忽略和犯错的地方，因此我需要重点关注和加强对这些方面的训练。
三、积累常用表达和句型
在备考过程中，我发现积累一些常用的表达和句型对于提高写作水平非常有帮助。这些常用表达和句型可以帮助我更准确、更地道地表达自己的意思，提高文章的质量。
考研英语一小作过程中非常重要的一环。通过对往年考研英语一小作文的分析，我发现了一些规律和考点，这对我的备考有很大帮助。以下是我对于考研英语一小作文分析的心得体会：
一、了解常见题材和写作要求
在备考过程中，我发现考研英语一小作文的题材主要集中在信函、备忘录、通知和简历等日常应用文类型。同时，考研英语一小作文的写作要求也主要集中在书面表达能力和语法语义能力上。因此，在备考过程中，我需要重点关注这些题材和写作要求，进行针对性的练习和训练。
四、多做真题和模拟题
通过分析往年考研英语一小作文真题和模拟题，我可以更好地了解考试的命题趋势和难点所在，有针对性地进行备考。同时，多做真题和模拟题可以帮助我提高应试能力和时间管理能力。
五、注重细节和规范
在考研英语一小作文的写作过程中，我发现细节和规范非常重要。比如格式、标点、语法等方面的细节和规范都会直接影响文章的质量和得分情况。因此，在备考过程中，我需要注重细节和规范，不能马虎。
六、多找范文进行学习和借鉴
通过分析一些优秀的范文，我可以了解一些优秀的写作技巧和表达方式，对于提高自己的写作水平非常有帮助。因此，在备考过程中，我需要多找一些范文进行学习和借鉴。
2020年考研英语写作(小作文)
小作文——应用文
感谢信
1、背景——事件及对方的帮助
• How time flies! ...（数字） days/ months/ years has passed/ elapsed since we bid farewell to/ say good by to each other in...（地点）
小作文——应用文
大纲要求
A节 考生根据所给情景写出约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性 短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。共10分。
2
小作文——应用文
一、常见应用文类型（下划线者为考过类型） 1. 自我介绍 2. 感谢信 3. 约见信 4. 邀请信及回复 5. 请求信 6. 建议信 7. 通知 8. 祝贺信 9. 投诉信及回复 10. 道歉信 11. 慰问信 12. 备忘录
（身份）from/ of... （单位） / who...（身份） • I have obtained your name and address from...（人名）, who suggested that
you could offer me some advice/ suggestion on...（主题）/ provide me with some information about...（主题）
（事件）, which would prove to be of vital importance to my...（主题） 2、目的——约见及要求 • I will really appreciate it if you can spare me some time for the discussion of this
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小作文——应用文
考研英语应用文(小作文)题型解析(一)书信写作格式
至于情书，那要看爱情的深厚程度如何，可以用一般性的结尾“Fondly yours,” 也可用冲动的 “Yours with the utmost devotion,”。
考研英语应用文(小作文)题型解析(一)书信写作格式
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一封正规的英文书信的结构或框架由以下五部分组成：
1. The Heading 信端
2. The Salutation 称谓
3. The Body 正文
4. The Close 结尾
5. The Signature 签名
下面分别对这五个部分进行详细的分析：
千万不要根据汉语的习惯用下列称呼，如 Dear Friend, Mr. Frank Smith等。
称呼后一般用逗号，但美国和加拿大英语常用冒号。
3.正文
信的正文是一封信最重要的部分，它包含你要说的话或你的个人信息等。
信的正文在称呼的下面一行，一般在信纸左边五六个字母的空隙后开始写。写正文时，如果涉及的事务较多，可以分段叙述。每段开头都要留空格，每句第一个字母都应大写。信的正文应简明扼要，条理清楚，语言通俗易懂。信的开头语和结束语多种多样。
1.信端(或信头)
信端是写信是最先要写的，也就是你的地址和写信日期。当然，如果你的长期通信地址收信人已知道，信端只写日期也行。
写信端时至少要离纸的边缘三、四行开始写，信端写在信纸右上角。先写发信人地址，第一行写门牌号码和街道名称;第二行写区名、市(县)名、省(州)名;寄往国外的信，还要加上国家的名称;第三行写发信日期。
2020考研英语：作文参考范文（一）
2020考研英语：作文参考范文（一）考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：作文参考范文(一)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2020考研英语：作文参考范文(一)Part BDirections:Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) support your view with an example/examples.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)范文：In the picture, there shapes a sharp conflict between the goal keeper and the ball player. The former exaggerates the goal and minimizes himself in his mind while the latter thinks otherwise. Actually, both the goal and the keeper are just in normal size. What causes the problem is that they have overestimated the difficulty they are each faced with. Such attitude towards difficulty will surely produce negative effects on the results.Difficulties are in the pathway of everyone. To overcome them, we must at first make correct judgment on the situation, which is based on confidence, courage and rational thinking. Lets take memory for example. In the process of learning, students need to remember a lot of things, such as Chemical Elements Periodic Table, ancient articles and mathematical formulae. But many complain that it is hard to remember them accurately and they are ready to give up when they feel so. On the contrary,those who learn successfully are confident about themselves and willing to try although they also feel difficult at first. And later they find the more they practise the memory, the easier it becomes to remember.In conclusion, if we are to succeed in handling the difficult things, we must have self confidence, judge the situation rationally and be courageous enough to keep trying.2020考研英语：大作文句子解析对于第一句的论点句，可以按以下三个句子仿写，对于不同的主旨内容的文章，可以对划横线句子的进行替换。
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2020年考研英语一写作解析：应用文写作应用文写作注意事项
2020年9月18日教育部公布了2020年考研英语（一）考试大纲，与2020年考试大纲相比，今年的大纲中关于小作文也就是应用文写作
的要求基本无变化，依旧是要求考生根据题目所给出的情景和要求写
出100词左右的应用性短文，要求语句连贯通顺、语气恰当、用词准确。
纵观近几年的真题，不难看出写作A部分主要考查考生日常基本
能用到的书信类写作水平。
为了协助考生能够在考试规定时间内写出
一篇优秀的作文，老师在此给大家归纳总结出在小作文的复习准备过
程中的注意事项。
1、格式对
书信类的应用性作文应的结构应包括称呼、正文、落款、署名，
这四部分都有相对应的格式要求。
首先，称呼因与收信人的关系不同
而略有差异，若题目中给定称呼，则照抄即可，比如Dear Tom或Dear President 等，若未给定，则可写Dear Sir or Madam或To whom it may concern (该称呼一般用于写给机构）等。
称呼语的格式要求首行
左对齐，后面加逗号。
其次，正文要遵从三段分布，每段首行缩进4
个字母左右，段间不空行。
再次，落款的写法根据与收信人的关系不
同而不同，但为了减轻大家的记忆负担，建议大家采用通用的、万无
一失的落款形式"Yours sincerely"，格式方面要求写在正文下一行中
间偏右的位置，后面同样加逗号。
最后署名则按照题目给定的署名照
抄即可，在标点符号上切记无逗号，不顿笔。
总之小作文的格式是非
常重要的评分要点，大家在备考练习以及最后考试时一定要注意格式
的书写和校对。
2、审题准
小作文写作时，审题非常关键，包括明信体和抓称呼两个方面。
明信体指的是通过审题目中给定的关键词，明确要求写的是哪一种信
件，是申请信还是感谢信？是投诉信还是邀请信等？只有信体明确，
才能保证信体内容的准确。
另外审题时还要看题目是否给定称呼，若
给定照抄即可；若未给定，则根据情况选择合适的称呼。
3、要点全
小作文写作要求100词左右，所以在内容上不但要覆盖题目要求
中的所有信息，如果对题目提及的相关内容有遗漏，会造成严重失分；另外还需要完整表达出题目要求表达的意思和态度。
正文的要点一般
包含写作目的、书信主体内容和结尾（如感谢或期待）三个部分，各
部分独立成段。
总体来说，各类信函的正文首尾段有很大的相似性，
而第二段则根据写信目的不同有较大的差异，所以对于书信类的应用文，考生应提前准备好各种书信的首尾段，并且重点训练第二段的写作。
总之，小作文相对来说难度较低，容易复习准备并且容易得分，
所以在2020年大纲要求无变化的情况下，建议大家能够按照老师给大
家建议的策略和注意事项实行小作文的复习和准备，以保证在考场上
写出一篇高质的应用型作文！。