智能油烟机的设计

智能油烟机的设计 Document number：WTWYT-WYWY-BTGTT-YTTYU-2018GT目录设计总说明Household range hood total control system design 1.绪论设计的研究背景及意义油烟机的简介本章小结2.方案论证硬件的选择本章小结3.系统电路的设计检测电路设计煤气检测烟雾温度检测及显示按键输入系统自动复位电路主控制电路设计AT89S52A/D转换器对油烟机的开关控制自动照明控制报警电路本章小结.软件程序设计主程序的设计PWM波调速流程图本章小结4.结论5.参考文献6.附录7.致谢家用吸油烟机控制系统设计总说明随着科技的不断发展，在我们日常生活中抽油烟机扮演着很重要的角色，抽油烟机顾名思义就是要抽走油烟，一个好的抽油烟机可以创造一个好的烹饪环境，提高生活质量，在日常生活中我们见到的油烟机一般的只是实现油烟机的开关和对风速的调节，而本次对于油烟机系统的设计基本包括检测部分和控制部分，设计的任务是：单片机为核心控制抽油烟机，此次设计除了一般的功能外如：基本开关，风速强弱的调节，还要实现烟雾的自动检测，通过检测到的结果，来调节风力大小减少烟雾，最后要实现煤气的检测和报警功能并利用按键实现风速的手动控制。

设计中选用AT89S52单片机作为控制中心来控制抽油烟机系统，选用AT89S52单片机的原因是因S5x系列的单片机比起C5x系列的单片机来说拥有较低功耗，高性能特点，而且C5x系列单片机上增加了看门狗定时器和在线更新程序的功能。

不需要在外部再外加看门狗，降低了单片机外围电路的复杂性。

根据任务书，实现抽油烟机的基本开关功能就是实现手动的启动和关闭功能，启动时抽油烟及通电风扇转动，抽油烟机正常工作，关闭时抽油烟机断电工作停止。

抽油烟机烟雾温度自动检测功能，本次设计中是对烟雾温度进行检测，将检测到的温度通过单片机AT89S52显示在液晶屏上，通过人对液晶屏上数据的显示来手动调节风速的强弱（大小）。

抽油烟机中检测烟雾温度的传感器使用的是DS18B20，能够感应并测量到的温度范围适用于日常烹饪时的温度坏境，并且内部有热温上、下限警告的设置，很适合应用在抽油烟机控制系统中。

将DS18B20连接到单片机AT89S52的引脚上，通过单片机分析和检测来控制LCD 液晶显示，本设计中液晶显示模块采用的是LCD1602。

调节风力大小就是既可以实现人对按钮的手动操作，又可以通过检测油烟温度自动切换风速，通过单片机AT89S52控制来控制电机的转速。

设计中要实现抽油烟机使用的过程中检测煤气并实现报警功能首先要选定检测煤气的传感器，我采用的是SnO2(MQ-2气体传感器)来检测厨房中产生的可燃气体，在厨房中的可燃气体就是煤气，当气敏器件对煤气中可燃气体浓度进行检测并通过单片机分析和控制，然后做出反应使得蜂鸣器响应并报警，听到报警后按下复位按钮复位。

设计中的报警提示采用的是蜂鸣器，蜂鸣器在工作时会发出很大的响声，有警示的作用。

本设计针对厨房产生的烟雾设计相应的抽油烟机。

首先介绍抽油烟机的概念、结构、工作原理等内容，说明了抽油烟机产品在日常生活所起到重要作用。

其次对系统总体设计进行了概况阐述，油烟机不仅具备的基本功能，而且还能利用温度传感器进行烟雾温度的自动检测，并根据显示的温度，自动切换油烟机的风力开关，调节风力大小，实现智能化吸油烟功能。

依此设计了相应的软硬件，论文的硬件部分主要设计了油烟机的数据采集检测模块、显示模块、电路模块等，对系统做了整体的设计，系统软件部分主要是对各模块的流程做了详细得分析，并且编写了相应的汇编程序来实现相应的功能。

有显示子程序、键盘中断扫描程序、软件报警程序。

从而实现了抽油烟机自动控制的功能。

本次设计的抽油烟机主要靠单片机进行控制，通过软件设计来调节电机的转速，所以相对于普通的抽油烟机来说，灵活性比较好，功耗低，体积小，便于操作；同时可以做到自动检测。

综上，通过单片机AT89S52控制抽油烟机智能工作，加入气敏传感器（检测煤气），对煤气进行检测并报警，加入温度传感器进行对烟雾温度的检测实现手动和自动调节风速的强弱，最终实现安全，洁净，高效的烹饪环境。

关键词：单片机；控制；传感器；检测Household range hood total control system designAlong with the development of science and technology in our daily life plays an important role, take lampblack chance take lampblack chance just as its name implies is to take lampblack, a good smoke lampblack machine to create a good environment of cooking, improve the efficiency and quality of life, life lampblack machine we see in our daily life is to realize the switch of lampblack machine and part of the adjustment only control the wind, and the for the design of lampblack machine system including basic testing part and control part, the task of design is: the single chip processor as the core control smoke lampblack machine, the design in addition to general functions such as: the basic switch, the adjustment of the wind speed strength, but also realize the automatic detection of smoke, through the detected results, to adjust the wind size to reduce smog, finally to achieve the function of gas detection and alarm and use the key to realize manual control of wind speed.Use AT89S52 single chip microcomputer as the control center to control in the design of smoke lampblack machine system, the selection of AT89S52 single chip microcomputer for S5x series single-chip microcomputer is the cause of than C5x series single-chip microcomputer has lower power consumption, high performance characteristics, and increased the watchdog timer C5x series single chip microcomputer and the function of online to update the program. Don't need plus a watchdog to increase again in external microcontroller peripheral circuit complexity.According to the task of smoke lampblack machine basic switch function is to achieve the function of manual startup and shutdown and startup take lampblack and electric fan rotation, smoke lampblack machine to work properly, power off smoke lampblack machine to stop work.Smoke lampblack machine smoke temperature automatic detection function, the design was to test the smoke temperature, will be the temperature of the detected by single chip microcomputer AT89S52 devices is displayed in the LCD screen, through the data on the LCD display to manually adjust the strength of the wind speed (size).Smoke lampblack machine in the detection of smoke camber of sensor is used DS18B20, induction and the measured temperature range minus 55 degrees Celsiusone hundred and twenty-five degrees Celsius, and on the internal heat temperature, lower limit warning Settings, very suitable for application in smoke lampblack machine control the DS18B20 to pin on SCM AT89S52, through the analysis of the single chip microcomputer to control the LCD liquid crystal display and detection, the design of liquid crystal display module adopts the the wind size is the manual operation of the button, by single-chip microcomputer AT89S52 control to control the motor speed.To implement in the design of smoke lampblack machine to use in the process of detecting gas and realize the alarm function to first select the gas sensor, I adopt SnO2 gas sensor (MQ - 2) to detect the combustible gas in the kitchen, combustible gas is gas in the kitchen when the gas sensor to test the concentration of combustible gas in the gas and by single-chip computer analysis and control, then make reflect response and make the buzzer alarm, press the reset button reset after heard the alarm.In the design of alarm prompt USES a buzzer, buzzer would be made a lot of noise at work, have the effect of the warning, buzzer belongs to a kind of polarity of the electronic components, there are two kinds of models, models are divided into two categories, one kind is active the other kind is passive, active type of passive type buzzer buzzer and different is the internal source of oscillation, as long as the buzzer electricity, will work their warnings, and different type and active, passive type buzzer if use dc signal drive, not singing, must be driven by square wave. In order to facilitate simple, type selection in the design of the active buzzer, when gas sensor to detect the gas concentration is too high, the design of interrupt service routine to pick up by the single chip microcomputer input port one low level, make the buzzer alarm sound, but to the buzzer alarm is in smoke lampblack machine to start.This paper aims at the kitchen smoke design corresponding smoke lampblack machine. Paper first introduces the concept, structure, working principle of smoke lampblack machine, etc., to smoke lampblack machine product play an important role in our daily life. Second paper profile for the overall design of the system, not only has the basic function of lampblack machine in the kitchen, and still can use gassensors to smoke the automatic detection, and according to the test to lampblack size, automatic switching lampblack machine wind switch, adjust the wind size to realize intelligent absorb lampblack function. The corresponding hardware and software in this design, the thesis mainly design the hardware part of the display of lampblack machine module, data acquisition module, implement the circuit module, the system do the overall design, system software part mainly is the process of every module has made the detailed analysis, and write the ring corresponding assembler to realize the corresponding function. Display subroutine, data comparison subroutines, data collection as to realize the function of the smoke lampblack machine automatic control. The design of the smoke lampblack machine is mainly controlled by single chip microcomputer, through the software design to adjust the speed of the motor, so relative to ordinary smoke lampblack machine, better flexibility, low power consumption, small size, easy operation; At the same time can achieve automatic detection.According to the above, through the single-chip microcomputer AT89S52 control can work take lampblack wit and join the gas sensor , the gas detection and alarm, joining temperature sensor for detection of smoke temperature manual adjusting the strength of the wind speed, finally realizes the safe, clean, efficient cooking environment.Keywords : Single-chip microcomputer; control; sensors1.绪论设计的研究背景及意义二十一世纪的厨房基本上是不能够没有煤气灶和抽油烟机这些设备的，只要使用煤气灶就会有煤气泄漏的危险和油烟的产生，除此以外还伴有一些混合气体，气体内含有很多的水汽和乙烷，这样就会影响厨房的空气环境，为了人的健康和安全着想，就要安装抽油烟机来吸走这些有害气体，营造一个安全舒适的烹饪环境。