音标(个人完全整理)

音标及字母组合对照元音：

辅音：

1）爆破音

音标对比：[ k ] [ g ] [ t ] [ d ] [ p ] [ b ] 发音组合：c/k/ck g t d p b keep get tea deed put book

kid gain team deep pen bed

cake beg neat need pet bet

pick pig bet bed pull ball 2)摩擦音

音标对比：[ f ] [ v ] [θ][ð]

发音组合: f/ph v th th

life live thick this

five vote theme than

physics visit teeth they

[ s ][ z ] [ʃ][3]

s/c s/z sh/ch/ci/ti/si si/s

sink zip action treasure

pass zoo machine measure

advice his finish revision

Asia、ancient

[ h ]发音组合：h /wh 【注意】wh 在元音字母o前才发此音。

代表单词：hot home house horse hate high

whole who whose whom

[ r ] 发音组合：r/wr

代表单词：race red rice rain right road free fry pray

wrong write

[ w ]

发音组合：w wh

代表单词：wait west way wet will wide what why when where while

[ j ]

发音组合：y

代表单词：year yes yet yard young you

3)破擦音

音标对比:[ tr ] [ dr ][ ts] [ dz ] [t☞][d✞]发音组合：tr dr ts ds ch j/ge/g tree dream bets beds chess job

try dry seats seeds children energy

treat draw nets needs match fridge 4)鼻音

[ m ]

发音组合：m

代表单词：some come map moon

[ n ]

发音组合：n

代表单词：noon nose note not no nothing moon

[ŋ]

发音组合：ng n

代表单词：sing song singer king thing ink sink thank tank

5)其他

[ l ]

发音组合: l

代表单词：let lad late laid leap lap

deal tell belt sale table

一些特殊规则：

●s后的清辅音[ k ] [ p ] [ t ] 要浊化为[ g ] [ b ] [ d ]音。

如：sky skill stop student space sport

●字母组合tion有两种发音[tʃn ], [ʃən ]

如: [ tʃn ] question [ ʃən ]situation nation invitation

●有些单词中某些字母不发音

如：hour climb Christmas know listen

●一般情况开音节发本音（如辅＋元＋辅＋e 的结构）

a [eɪ]cake ,face , table ,gra de,… h ave[æ]除外

e [i:]these , he, she, be, we…

I [aɪ]mine , ride , time, … g ive ,live[ɪ]除外

o [əʊ]nose ,those ,hope ,… whose[u:]除外。另外，‘o’后是m, n, v, th，发[ʌ]如：love, some ,come，glove，brother，mother

U [ju:] cute ,use

闭音节一般不发本音（如辅＋元＋辅的结构）

a [æ]cat ,black ,glad,…

e [e]bed , left , help , …

I [ɪ]big ,milk ,think ,…

o [ɒ] hot , stop , clock,…

u [ʌ]bus , sun ,but ,… put , pull[ʊ]除外

●只有一种发音的组合：ai, ay [eɪ]rain ，play

al [ɔ:]all , walk talk half [ɑ:]除外

oa [əʊ]coat ,boat

ch [tʃ]chair , China school [k]除外

ck [k]duck , clock

sh [ʃ]shirt , shoes 还有sure [ʃ]

●a前是辅音[w]时，a发[ɒ],如：want ,what, watch ,wallet, wash

a后是字母ss , s, f , n时，一般发[ɑ:]，如grass，class，ask，after,…

i后是ld, nd结尾时, i 发[aɪ]，如：find ,kin d , child ,behind ,…

ar [ɑ:] farm far farther park

[ɔ:] quarter warm

air[eə] chair hair hairdryer pair airport

ear[ɪə]dear year ear earphone near hear

[eə] bear pear

[ɜ:] learn early

ere [ɪə] here

[eə] where there

[ɜ:] were

ea[eɪ] great

[e] head sweater breakfast ready bread headache heavy

[i:] speak peach beach each please read reading-room teacher

teach eat seat tea teapot meat ice- cream Easter mean