高考中译英解题方法和技巧

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高考中译英解题方法和技巧

一、判断句型,构建框架。下面就是一些需要掌握的常见句型:

1. There is no need for sb. to do sth. ...

2.It is no good doing sth. ...

3.It is no use doing sth. ...

4. It’s a waste of time doing sth. ...

5.It is necessary/important for sb. to do sth. ...

6.It suddenly occurred to sb. that ...

7. It seems/appears/ happens that ...

8.The more ... , the more ... 9.The reason why ... was that ... 10.What matters is not ... but ...11. 祈使句+and/or ...12.In spite of the fact that ... , ...

13. There is no doubt that ...14.It won’t be long before ...(从句谓语用一般现在时)

15. I’d appreciate it very much if you could …16. It’s said/believed/reported/estimated that ...

17.Where there is ... , there is ...18. As an old saying goes, ...

19. Word came that ...20.Chances are that ...21.It remains to be seen whether ... 22.(It is) no wonder that ...

23. It is taken for granted that …24. It is known to all that ... 25. It takes sb. some time to do sth. ...

26. ... so ... that …27. Be sure to do ...28.It is certain that ...29.A is to B what C is to D.

30. It makes no difference whether ... 31. It all depends on sb./sth. whether ...

32. ... makes it a rule to do sth. ...33. Make sure that ...(从句谓语用一般现在时)

二、把握关键词,熟悉短语搭配

历年高考中译英题的考核点中,短语搭配占了很大的比重,其中动词短语尤为重要。正确使用关键词,用好短语搭配。

三、了解汉英差异,避免误入陷阱

1.连词

中文中,“因为……所以……”“虽然……但是……”“除非……否则……”等常用来表示因果、转折等关系。但是在英语中,不能同时使用并列连词和状语从句的连词。例如:

除非采取紧急措施,否则我们的计划将流产。

Unless we take urgent measures, or our plan will be spoiled.(?菖)

Unless we take urgent measures, our plan will be spoiled.(?菁)

他尽管双目失明,却没有放弃作家梦。

Although he was blind in both eyes, but he didn’t give up his dream of being a writer.(?菖)

Although he was blind in both eyes, (yet) he didn’t give up his dream of being a writer.(?菁)

2.语态

在中英不同的语言文化中,主动和被动的表达存在着一定的差异。有时中文看似主动,译成英语却应用被动形式;有时

中文是被动的意思,在英语中却用主动形式。

以下情形中常用英语的主动形式表示中文的被动意思:

(1)某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用英语主动形式表中文被动意义。例如:

他告诉我的事情被证实是真的。

What he told me proved to be true.

(2)当read, wash, sell, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常要用英语主动形式表示中文被动意义。例如:

这本书被卖得很快。

The book sells quickly.

(3)当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用英语主动形式表示中文被动意义。例如:

这门关不上。

The door won’t shut.

(4)某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要英语用主动形式表示中文被动意义。例如:

这篇学术论文很难被翻译过来。

The academic article is difficult to translate.

(5)be worth后的动名词要用英语主动形式表中文被动意义。例如:

这可能值得考虑。

This might be worth thinking about.

(6)在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后接动名词用主动形式表被动意义。例如:

这些植物得天天浇水。

The plants need watering every day.

也有很多情况下,英语的被动形式表示中文的主动含义。这时很多同学就可能会忽略被动语态的使用。例如:

坐在树下的人是我叔叔。

The man who was seated under the tree is my uncle.

这样的例子不胜枚举,同学们在练习时应注意多积累和总结。

3.语序

在某些情况下,英语的主谓必须全部或部分倒装。有时为了保持句子平衡,各部分顺序会发生颠倒,这与中文表达顺序有所不同。例如:

我们的祖国从来没有像今天这样强大过。(Never)

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