常见句型的翻译

常见句型的翻译:

定语从句的翻译

状语从句的翻译

名词性从句的翻译

长句子的翻译

定语从句的译法:Attributive clauses are widely used in English. In many cases, sentences are made very long because of attributive clauses. Hence it is important to have a correct comprehension and an accurate translation of attribute clauses. Different attributive clauses may express different meaning such as purpose, concession, result and so on. An attributive clause usually follows the word it modifies. This is different from Chinese. In Chinese there is no post-posi tion attributive and there can’t be too many modifiers preceding the modified word. All this causes changes in translating some sentences which contain attributive clauses.

I、译成前置定语

一般说来，限制性的定语从句可提前译成定语。还有一些定语从句，虽然并不明显地带有限制性质，但本身较短，和被修饰语的关系紧密，也可译成前置定语。

1. To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them.

诚然，一个宏伟的重建计划也许能为许多需要工作的人提供就业机会。

2. This is the solider who just returned from the front.

这是刚从前线回来的战士。

3. 成都

一个你来了就不想离开的城市。

Chengdu—A city you will never want to say goodbye after arrival.

4. In recent years, however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems.

可是，近几年来人们开始意识到城市也是问题成堆的地方。

当然，有些起附加说明作用的非限制性定语从句，对先行词也有不同程度的修饰限制作用，有时也可以译为前置定语。

5. The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor.

那个整天躲在云层里的太阳,现在又光芒四射地露面了。

6. He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant.

他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。

II . 译成后置定语

A、一些结构比较复杂，或者意思上有较强的独立性的限制性定语从句，通常可译为后置的并列句。采取这种译法往往要重复关系代词所代替的词，比如：有时可在此词之前加指示词“这”、“这些”或人称代词“他”、“他们”等等，来使译文明确。

7. This volume is prepared as examples for writing compositions which, as it were, has been taken as a difficult task.

本书旨在为写作提供范例，可以说写作是一个难题。8. Matter is composed of molecules that are composed of atoms.

物质是由分子组成的，而分子又是由原子组成的。

9. But listen, I met a man, who said you could solve this problem.

听着，我遇见一个人，这个人说你是有权解决这个问题的。

10. Day light comes from the sun, which is a mass of hot, glowing gas.

日光来自太阳，太阳是一团炽热、发光的气体。

B、非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词加以说明，描述或解释，或对整个句子所陈述的事实或现象加以总结、补充说明，其前都有逗号分开。在汉译时一般译为后置并列分句。如：

11.He blamed me for everything, which I thought very unfair.

他把一切错误都归罪于我，我认为这很不公平。

12. These books, which are only a small part of my collection, I picked up in American.

这些书是我在美国买,它们在我的藏书中只占一小部分。

13. She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.

她对孩子们很耐心，而她丈夫却很少这样。

14. They seem to enjoy those rewards which they had purchased by a course of unmerited fatigue, and by victories which almost exceeded belief.

他们对那些酬劳看来是很得意的，那些酬劳是他们历经千辛万苦，通过取得令人难以置信的胜利得来的。

15. I told the story to John, who(=and he) told it to his brother.

我把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。

这种采取后置的办法来处理非限制性定语从句，一般也使用指示代词来重复英语关系代词所代表的含义。

III、溶合译法

溶合法就是把原句子中的主语和定语从句溶合在一起译成一个独立句子的翻译方法。另外，由于限制性定语从句与主句的关系密切，所以，限制性定语从句似乎更适合采用溶合法。英语中突出的“there be” 句型就是这样处理的。

16. There are many people who want to select this major.

许多人要选这个专业。

17. There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.

楼下有人要见你。

18.You are the only person who could do it.

只有你才能做这件事。

19. He has a son of twenty who is now at the college.

他有个二十岁的儿子现在正上大学。

20. This was the first time I had serious trouble with my leader.

这是我第一次和领导发生严重纠葛。

IV. 译成状语

有些定语从句从形式上看是定语，但在意义上与主句有逻辑状语关系，对主句其原因、结果、目的、条件、让步等状语作用，翻译时应尽可能按照其语法功能，译成与汉语相对应的复句。

21. The computer, which seems to play the role of a human brain, is often called an electronic brain.

由于计算机起着类似人脑的作用，所以常常被称作电脑。（译成原因状从）

22. She insisted on buying another pair of roller skates, which she had no use of.

23. Rose took Chinese medicine which relieved her symptoms.

罗斯服了中药，结果缓解了症状。（译成结果状从）

24. There is no bad habit that may not be cured by a strong willpower.

只要有坚强的意志，就没有什么坏习惯改不掉。（译成条件状从）

25. The newswoman wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to shipwreck.

这位女记者想写篇文章，以便能够引起公众对那起沉船事件的注意。（译成目的状语从句）

1. A rocket engine can work in space where there is no air.

2.She has invited me to visit her family, which is very kind of her .

3.He would be a short-sighted man who did not look beyond.

4.There is something original, independent and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.

5.Here is the man whom you have been looking for.

6.Our two countries are neighbors whose friendship is of long standing.

状语从句的翻译

I. 按照原文顺序译出状语从句

1. If you do not mind, I will turn off the heating.

如果你不介意，我就把暖气关上了。

2. As far as I know, there isn’t such a word in English.

据我所知，英语里并没有这个单词。