桥式起重机维护及保养

起重机日常维护与保养

Routine Care and Maintenance of Crane

（一）机构的润滑Lubrication of Mechanism

起重机设备润滑情况的好坏直接影响起重机各机构的正常运转，同时与延长机件的寿命和促进安全生产有密切的关系。因此，使用和维修人员必须经常检查各润滑点的润滑情况，按时用油枪通过各润滑点的油杯加油。

The lubrication condition of crane equipment directly affects the normal operation of crane mechanisms and is closely related to extending the service life of the mechanics and promoting safety in production. Therefore, the use and maintenance personnel must carry out regular checks on all lubrication points and fuel on time with oil gun through oil cups of the lubrication points.

1．起重设备各润滑点的分布

1. Distribution of lubrication points of hoisting equipment

①吊钩滑轮轴；Hook pulley spindle

②固定滑轮轴（小车架上）；Fixed pulley spindle (on the dolly frame)

③钢丝绳；Steel rope

④各减速器；Reducers

⑤各齿轮联轴器；Gear couplings

⑥各轴承箱（包括车轮组、卷筒组）；Bearing boxes (including group wheel and group reel)

⑦电动机轴承；Motor bearing

⑧制动器各节点和轴栓；Nodes and axle bolts of brake

⑨电缆导电中滑车的轴承；Pulley bearing of electric cable

⑩抓斗各铰点的轴。Shafts of grab hinge joints

2．润滑条件与润滑材料

2. Lubricating condition and materials

起重设备必须采用合适的润滑油脂，定期润滑和及时更换，润滑装置和各润滑点必须保持清洁。下表所列为各机构主要零部件润滑时间的一般规定和推荐用的润滑材料：

Appropriate lubricant grease must be used for hoisting equipment, which should be regularly lubricated and timely replaced; lubrication equipment and the lubrication points must be kept clean. The following table lists the general regulation on lubrication interval time of major components of various mechanisms and lubricating

颁标准代号。

Note: the listed Q / SY series is the blem code of Lubricating Oil and Grease Factory in Yingkou City, Liaoning Province; SYB is the ministerial standard code of the

Petroleum Department.

（二）机构设备的维护和保养Care and Maintenance of Mechanical Equipment 1．钢丝绳

1. Steel rope

①．报废标准：按GB6067-85《起重机械安全规程》中有关规定执行。

Discard standard: according to the relevant provisions in GB6067-85 “Hoisting Machinery Safety Regulations”.

钢丝绳使用的安全程度由下列项目判定（见2.5.1~2.5.10款）The security level of steel rope is determined by the following items （refer to

2.5.1~2.5.10）

a、断丝的性质和数量；Nature and number of filament breakage

b、绳端断丝；Rope-end filament breakage

c、断丝的局部聚集；Partial aggregation of filament breakage

d、断丝的增加率；Increasing rate of filament breakage

e、绳股断裂；Strand breakage

f、由于绳芯损坏而引起的绳径减小；Reduction of rope diameter caused by

the damage of rope core

g、弹性减小；Reduction of elasticity

h、外部及内部磨损；External and internal wear and tear

i、外部及内部腐蚀；External and internal corrosion

j、变形；Deformation

k、由于热或电弧造成的损坏。Damages caused by heat or electric arc

所有的均应考虑以上各项因素并遵循各自的标准。然而，钢丝绳的损坏往往是由各个因素综合积累造成的，这就应由主管主管判别并决定钢丝绳是报废还是继续使用。

All the above factors should be taken into account and follow their respective standard. However, the damage of steel rope is often caused by the accumulation of various factors, which requires the superintendent to judge and decide to discard or continue to use the rope.

在所有情况下，检验人员应弄清钢丝绳的损坏是否由机构上缺陷所造成，如果是这样，应建议在换新钢丝绳之前消除这缺陷。

In all cases, inspectors should ascertain whether the rope damage is caused by mechanism defects; if so, it should be recommended to eliminate the defect before replacing the rope.

2.5.1绳端断丝Rope-end filament breakage

当绳端或其附近出现断丝时，即使数量很少也表明该部位应力很高，可能是由于绳端安装不正确造成的，应查明损坏原因。如果绳长允许，应将断丝的部位切去重新合理安装。

When filament breakage occurs at the rope end or nearby, even if there is only a small number, it also indicates that the stress of that part is very high, which may be because of the incorrect installation of rope end; the cause of damage should be identified. If the rope length allows, cut out the site where filament breakage occurs and conduct a reasonable re-installation.

2.5.2断丝的局部聚集Partial aggregation of filament breakage