3.Narration

合集下载

英文写作文体九种分类

英文写作文体九种分类同文体的写作书面表达旨在测试学生的英语书面表达能力。

高考的书面表达是一种指导性写作。

试题对写作的目的，对象，体裁及字数等都有明确的规定。

提供给学生的材料形式为文字，图画或图表。

试题要求学生根据所给的情景和要表达的意义，写出一篇 100 字左右的文章。

高考中常见的文体为记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文等。

（一）记叙文：记叙文是以叙述人物的经历或事物的发展变化过程为主的一种文体。

它分为记人和记事两种。

记叙文的几个要点为： 1. 时间、地点、人物、事件，这几个要素在写作时要交代清楚。

2. 人称：记叙文一般可以有第一人称和第三人称两种叙事方式：第一人称是作者以当事人的口吻，把文章中的事情以“我”的所见所闻的方式来叙述，第三人称是写作者从旁观者的角度来叙述，反映事件中的不同人的感受和见解。

3. 记叙文的线索一般为时间，即按照事件的发展顺序来写。

以可以按照地点的线索来写，即以地点的转移为顺序。

4. 重点突出，层次分明，详略得当。

5. 注意文章的完整性。

6. 所用的时态通常为一般过去时。

例： NMET 2021 辽宁卷下面四幅图片描述的是星期天上午在中山公园里发生的一件事。

请根据图片所提供的信息用英语为你校的“英语园地”写一篇文章。

注意：1. 短文必须包括所有图片的主要内容，短文的内容要连贯，完整。

2. 短文单词数 100左右。

3. 参考词汇：货摊 stand 抢夺 snatch 逮捕 arrest 写作步骤： 1. 审题：理解图意，将几幅图连成一个完整的故事。

2. 列出要点：地点：公园的冰激凌货摊旁。

人物：一名年轻妇女，一个小偷和一个老人。

事件：年轻妇女的包被抢，人们追赶，老人用伞将其绊倒，警察逮捕抢劫者，妇女和人们感谢老人。

3. 将要点扩展成文，注意上下文的连接，用适当的连词，副词。

4. 通读一遍，改错。

Possible Version: One Sunday morning, there were some people in Zhongshan Park. At a stand, a woman was buying an ice cream when a young man behind her snatched her handbag away. She shouted, “Stop the thief! He's snatched mybag!” Hearing this, a few people began to run after him. There was an old man sitting quietly on a bench nearby. As the snatcher was running past him, the old man quickly picked up his umbrella and put it between the snatcher's legs. The young man fell down on the ground hard. Soon two policemen came in a police car and arrested him. The woman thanked the old man, and the people around praised the old man for his cleverness. （二）议论文：在近几年的高考中，议论文的比重占得越来越多，议论文的出题形式可以多种多样，有看图写作、图表、表格、书信等各种类型，但文体实际上是议论文，而有时是夹叙的议论文。

英语的四种文体的区别

Forms of composition
3. Exposition（说明文): to expose, or to present and explain information, ideas and opinions
Point to convey Supporting details (facts): order of time, space,
My cousin was a know-it-all. He had to boss his job, so we put the pigs back in, patched up the big holes, and went swimming.
The trouble began when my uncle got home. The pigs had been squeezing through the small holes. So, my cousin and I were really in hot water.
characteristics and features) Diction (vividness)
Example: Life on a Farm (Description)
The still morning calm is broken by the rooster’s crow. Shortly after that all the creatures on the farm are hungrily awake.
It was one of those hot, peaceful days. We were harvesting fruit to sell. The pig pens were near the orchard. The pigs were always allowed to eat the window falls under the tree. But this time, when harvest was over, they escaped and got into the baskets.

Narration写作技巧教学提纲

Narratioarration:
Definition: To narrate is to give an account of event or a
series of events. In its broadest sense, narrative writing includes stories, real or imaginary, biographies, histories, news item, and narrative poems.
No matter what your purpose is, you should make sure that the total effect of this narrative, or the final impression it leaves on the reader, is in agreement with his purpose. (what?)
Only relevant details, or things that contribute to bringing out the main ideas of narrative, are useful and effective. (typical events and examples, muffled mutterings, infuriated utterances, and dialogue)
Finally, they arrived at the coral cliff珊瑚崖 near the south of Sanya Bay. Facing towards the vast South Chian Sea, the deer had no way out. Just at this moment, when A Hei was going to shoot, all of a sudden, the deer turned around, and became a beautiful lady. She came towards A Hei, and then they got married. This deer lady invited her deer brothers and defeated the brutal lord.

人教版(2019)新教材高中英语第三册第五单元词汇导学案

人教版(2019)新教材高中英语第三册第五单元词汇导学案UNIT FIVE1.basis [ 'beɪsɪs ]: n. 基础; 根据; 基点(复数：bases )base: n. 底部; 基础; (军事)基地1)Is money the basis of a happy life?2)The basis of a good marriage is trust.3)This report will form the basis for our discussion.2.on the basis of: 在某事的基础上; 根据某事1)Scholarships are given mainly on the basis of grades.2)He was chosen for the job on the basis of his ability.3. loan [ləʊn ]: n.贷款;借款You can pay back the loan in three years.4. take out a loan: 取得贷款get/receive a loan: 获得贷款apply for a loan: 申请贷款pay back a loan: 偿还贷款pay off a loan: 还清贷款1)Tom spent all his savings and took out a large loan.2)We're going to take out a small business loan.3)I will have to take out a loan to buy a house.4)She wants to take out a loan for school.5. plastic [ 'plæstɪk]: n. 塑料;塑料学(plastics)adj. 塑料制的;塑料的1)Chen Liyan found 10,000 yuan in a small plastic bag in Taiyuan Railway Station.2)A plastic bottle is floating in the water.3)The pipes are made of plastic. 6. apologise [ə'pɒlədʒaɪz] (= apologize): v. 道歉;谢罪apology: n. 道歉;谢罪apologise for...: 因...而道歉apologise to sb (for...): (因...而)向某人道歉make an apology to sb: 向某人道歉1)Wang Zheng apologised to Chen because he couldn’t offer her more money.2)If you hurt someone's feelings, you should apologise.3)You should apologize for your mistake.7. ignore [ɪɡ'nɔː(r)]: v. 忽视;对…不予理会leave/let…alone/be: 不打扰...; 不惊动...leave alone: 更不用说1)Also, while listening don’t ignore the speakers’ tone and intonation----these can beimportant clues. too2)She ignored him and carried on with her work.3)The government has ignored his views on the project.8. in return(for...): 作为回报;作为回应in turn: 依次; 轮流; 转而1)When we help someone, should we expect to get something in return?2)He sent me a present; I should give him something in return.3)In return, they expect you to work hard and make a contribution to the factory.4)She will buy you a car in return for your help in the past.5)If we drive in turn, we will not be tired.9. judge [dʒʌdʒ ]: v. 评价;评判;判断n. 法官; 审判员; 裁判员judgement/judgment : n. 判断(力); 判决; 评价judging by/from…: 从…判断coach: n. 教练athlete/ player : n. 运动员- 1 -1)Should we judge people based on how much money they have?2)Don't judge a book by its cover. 不要以貌取人。

叙事学的英语英语

叙事学的英语英语叙事学的英语表达研究叙事学作为文学研究的一个重要分支，探讨故事的构成、叙述技巧以及叙述者与接受者之间的关系。

在英语中，叙事学的相关术语和表达方式丰富多样，值得我们深入研究和学习。

一、叙事学基本概念1.Narratology（叙事学）：研究叙事文本的理论和批评方法。

2.Narrative（叙述）：通过语言、文字、图像等手段呈现故事的过程。

3.Narrator（叙述者）：讲述故事的人或声音。

4.Narrative time（叙述时间）：故事时间与文本时间之间的关系。

5.Narrative space（叙述空间）：故事发生的环境和背景。

二、叙述技巧1.First-person narrative（第一人称叙述）：叙述者以“我”的身份讲述故事。

2.Third-person narrative（第三人称叙述）：叙述者以旁观者的身份讲述故事。

3.Omniscient narrative（全知叙述）：叙述者了解故事中所有人物和事件。

4.Limited omniscient narrative（有限全知叙述）：叙述者仅了解部分人物和事件的内心世界。

5.Stream of consciousness（意识流）：模仿人物内心活动的叙述方式。

三、叙事学流派及代表人物1.Russian Formalism（俄国形式主义）：关注叙事文本的结构和形式。

代表人物：Viktor Shklovsky（维克多·什克洛夫斯基）2.Structuralism（结构主义）：认为叙事文本具有一定的结构规律。

代表人物：Roland Barthes（罗兰·巴特）3.Post-structuralism（后结构主义）：反对结构主义，强调文本的多元解读。

代表人物：Jacques Derrida（雅克·德里达）4.Cognitive narratology（认知叙事学）：关注读者如何理解叙事文本。

代表人物：Monika Fludernik（莫妮卡·弗卢德尼克）四、叙事学在英语教学中的应用1.提高学生的文学鉴赏能力：通过学习叙事学理论，学生可以更好地分析文本结构，理解作者的创作意图。

写作教程第三册课件narration

对话本身要用引号与对话有关的标点符号都应放在引号里面
Work review
Good sentences
1. Many Chinese youth of today are addicted to computer games, which do great harm their physical and mental health. 2.Travel plays an important role in developing our country: boosting the economy and promoting cultural communication with other countries. 4. With the development of economy, travel abroad has become a tendency. There are 3 reasons why Chinese people like traveling abroad.
“Well, young man, how old were your parents when they died?” “Mother was ninety-three, and she died from a fall off her bicycle. Father was ninetyeight and he died while he was playing football.” The manager immediately agreed to insure the man’s life.
Contents--1
1 2
3 4
Definition classification basic elements

英语写作之Narration

Narration1.What is narration1.1 definitionTo narrate is to give an account of an event or a series of events. In other words, a narrative recreates an event or gives a sense of it by helping the audience visualize that event.1.2classification2.Strategies for using narration2.1 Include the key elements of narrationIn order to make a narrative easier to follow, you should often take the following elements into consideration:1) a setting, or some background information2) a goal, or the ultimate purpose of the writing3)an initiating event4)simple reaction5)an attempt6)an outcome7)the endingIn some cases, some of them may be absent. In any sense, a narrative should at least contain a setting, a theme, a plot, and an ending.Eg.It happened that a fox was ambling(溜达) along a country lane when he spied a bunch of ripe grapes hanging from a vine（葡萄树）high above his head. Hungry as he was, the fox determined to have those grapes for his dinner. He stood tall on his hind legs, but could not reach the grapes. He leapt high in the air, but missed the grapes and fell painfully onto his back. He was too sore to make a further attempt at the grapes, so he sighed and turned away down the road. “Well,” he said to himself. “The grapes were probably sour anyway.”2.2 Select significant details for narrationSix Ws: Who? What? When? Where? How? Why?◇In selecting significant details, you should avoid those details which are not pertinent to the above six questions.◇For different subjects and different purposes, you can lay different amount of emphasis on each aspect. Sometimes one or two of the six Ws can even be omitted.Eg.I was standing right across the road there by my car getting ready to change a flat tire when I heard the train coming. Just as the engine reached the crossing, there was a loud grinding sound. And the noise did not stop either, the way it would in a car wreck; it kept going on, thundering and crashing. All of a sudden, the coal cars started to jackknife, falling off the tracks like toys, with coal pouring out all over the ground. Coal dust and dirt were flying everywhere. Then, in a minute or two, everything was still; the only thing moving was the coal, sliding out of the car in piles. I just stood there and watched. It was like something you’d see in the movies.2.3Determine a purpose2.4Choose a point of viewWhat are the advantages and limitations of the first person?2.5 Use dialogues cautiously1)Where it is possible, avoid unnecessary repetition of the speakers’ namesor unnecessary description of the way they speak, so far as the reader can make out who is talking and who will follow in turn.A tiresome dialogue:“ I see you in the corner,” whispered Baker softly.“ How did you find me?” inquired Charles curiously.“ I smelled the pipe you’ve been smoking,” purred Baker evilly.“Oh!” exclaimed Charles alarmedly.2)Present dialogues in a simple and brief way. Don’t overload your writing with lengthy dialogues that have vague or little bearing on the point you want to make. Don’t extend dialogues in such a way as to turn the narrative into a play. Eg.I’ll not forget my first---and last---meeting with that old Texan. He came striding down the line I had just surveyed on his property（地产），pulling up my line stakes（线路桩）and tossing（猛举）them over his shoulder as he came. When he got up to my surveying truck, he wasn’t even out of breath:“ Get off my land.”“OK. I will----in just a minute. If you’ll just---”“Get off now.”“Yes, sir, right now, just like you say.”And I did leave, as fast as possible.3.How to organize a narrative essay3.1 how to introduce a narrative essayIn narrative introductions, the best plan is to hint at your main point, preparing your reader psychologically for what is to come.1)The most obvious way is to give background the reader will need tounderstand the story.Eg.After several months’jail in my university, I was so mentally tired that I embarked on a trip to Shanghai on the very first day of the summer vacation in 1997. Though I did not expect much from that trip except freedom, it finally turned out to be my most unforgettable trip just because of a girl.2)Another way to begin a narrative is to go directly into the story itself.3.2How to develop the body of a narrative essayEpisodeChronological orderFlashback3.3how to end a narrative essayA frequently used way to end a narrative is to further point out the significance of the event.Eg.That incident happened more than fifteen years ago. My parents and my sister might have forgotten it by now. But Father’s words are still ringing in my ears.Another way to end a narrative is to have the significance implied and leave it to the reader to make it out.A SampleIf OnlyPaul MonahanHaving worked at a 7-Eleven store for two years, I thought I had become successful at what our manager called “customer relations”. I firmly believed that a friendly smile and an automatic “sir”, “ma’am”, and “thank you” would see me through any situation that might arise, from soothing impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the wrong change. But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib（口齿伶俐的）response could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with othe human beings.The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled（步履蹒跚）down the nearest aisle（走廊）. She coughed dryly, wheezing（困难地呼吸）with each breath. On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded print dress, a thin, light-beige sweater too small to button, and black vinyl（乙烯基）slippers with the backs cut out to expose calloused（起老茧的）heels. There were no stockings or socks on her splotchy（脏兮兮的）, blue-veined legs.After strolling around the store for several minutes, the old woman stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables. She picked up some corn niblets and stared with a strange intensity at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, courteous employee and asked her if she needed help. As I stood close to her, my smile became harder to maintain; her red-rimmed eyes were patially closed by yellowish crusts（硬皮）；her hands were covered with layer upon layer of grime（尘垢）, and the stale smell of sweat rose in a thick vaporous cloud from her clothes.“I need some food,”she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”“Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”“I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”“Well, the corn’s night-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if you like, we have a special on bologna（大腊肠）today.”“I can’t pay,” she said.For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the best of you. Let them know you are in control. For a moment, I even entertained the idea that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, ma’am, but I can’t give away anything for free.”The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She shuffled（慢慢吞吞地走）past me toward the door, her torn and duty clothing barely covering her bent back.Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate. Whishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.。

英语narration经典范文

英语narration经典范文English:In the tranquil tapestry of life, moments of paramount significance weave themselves into the intricate pattern of our existence, leaving an indelible mark upon our hearts and souls. One such moment, a poignant symphony of laughter and tears, unfolded for me on a sun-kissed afternoon in the quaint countryside.As I ambled along a verdant path, the soft caress of a gentle breeze whispered secrets through the rustling leaves above. The air was pregnant with the sweet fragrance of wildflowers, their vibrant hues painting the landscape with breathtaking artistry. It was a day that seemed to have been plucked from the canvas of paradise.Suddenly, my attention was drawn to a group of children playing merrily in a meadow. Their laughter, like the tinkling of silver bells, filled the air with an infectiousjoy. As I approached them cautiously, they welcomed me with open arms, their eyes sparkling with an innocence that melted away any reservations I may have harbored.We spent the next hour engaged in an enchanting game of hide-and-seek. The children's laughter, like a chorus of angels, reverberated through the meadow, filling it with an atmosphere of pure delight. As the sun began its descent towards the horizon, casting an ethereal glow upon the surroundings, it was time for me to bid farewell to my newfound companions.As I turned to leave, one of the children, a littlegirl with eyes that reflected the wisdom of an old soul, handed me a small, wooden figurine. It was a simple trinket, but the love and care with which it had been carved made it invaluable to me. I thanked her profusely, promising to treasure it always.From that day forward, the wooden figurine became a constant reminder of the extraordinary power of human connection. It served as a beacon of hope during times ofadversity and a source of joy amidst the challenges of life. The laughter and tears I had shared with those innocent children had left an enduring mark on my soul, teaching me the true meaning of compassion and the importance of cherishing every moment.中文回答：在我的生命画卷里，有的时刻有着非同寻常的意义，它们编织进我复杂的人生图景中，在我的心灵和灵魂上烙下无法磨灭的印记。

英语文体类型

英语文体类型一，记叙文（narration）1.含义①记叙文→记人叙事+写景状物②一般具有的六要素：时间（time）、地点（place）、人物（character）、事件（event）、原因（cause）和结果（outcome）2.结构①顺叙型→按时间发生的先后顺序“开端→发展→高潮→结局”★使人物、事件的叙述更清晰★时空层次性较强②倒叙型→先写结局或发展过程中的某一重要内容，后写事件经过★产生悬念，吸引读者③合叙型→顺叙+倒叙在顺叙某事的过程中，插入另一件事的叙述，再回到原来的事件上。

3.写作应用小说+非小说体(回忆录、游记、日记)①引言(introduction)背景（setting）=时间、地点、人物等②正文(body)→冲突+情节发展+高潮◆冲突→两种不同思想或力量的矛盾、纠葛、撞击或对抗，它不但存在于不同人物、不同性格之间，而且存在于同一个人物的内心世界里。

三种类型的冲突：不同人物之间的冲突，人与环境之间的冲突，个人心灵深处不同思想的冲突◆情节的内容由人物性格的矛盾和冲突构成。

情节常常表现为一系列故事，可以说，凡情节都包含某种故事或故事性。

◆高潮→情节发展到达顶点矛盾双方已剑拔弩张，斗争达到白热化程度。

人物命运即将决定，主题思想得到集中表现。

③结尾（conclusion）故事的结局→矛盾冲突的最后解决、人物命运的最后归宿一个好的结尾往往能提供一个完满的答案，或答案已明确，却留下一些令人深省、回味的东西。

二. 描写文（description）1.含义对客观世界加以艺术和主观的描绘。

它把对某一物体、人物、地方或景色的印象和了解细腻地表达出来，在读者面前再现它们的形象。

2.特点具体性、生动性和创造性描写的细节要能表达主题3.描写顺序空间位置顺序、时间顺序，一般到特殊或特殊到一般顺序，递升到递降或递降到递升顺序4.写作应用①人物描写（description of a person）对人物形象外部特征进行描绘，刻画人物性格特征，表现人物精神面貌，披露人物内心活动，揭示人物身份境遇，显示人物性格变化，突出作品主题思想。

1-1大学英语四级写作专题-NEW (3)

标来确定描写的重点。
描写文（Description）
③要充分运用和体现人的感官印象，把客观事物描绘得更生动、更逼真；同时，要利用读者的想象力，使其产生感
官反应效果。
说明文（Exposition）
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式,用来说明事物、阐明事理或过程的一种文体。它用来说明客观事物的特点和性能,
物的论证方法。
驳论
反驳论点：即证明对方论点是错误的，是不能成立的。争
论双方的分歧主要在于观点的对立，因此论点是反驳的主
要对象。反驳论据：即证明对方论据是虚假的，从而使对方论点不能成立。反驳论证方式：即从逻辑推理入手，揭露对方论证中的错误，从而使对方论点不能成立。
议论文的写作格式
议论文的写作格式通常由三个部分组成引言（Introduction）即立论正文（Body）即论证结尾 (Conclusion) 即结论
描写文本质上是一种说明文，其特征是其描写的具体性、
生动性和创造性。它特别强调描写的顺序、焦点的选择、主观情感的融入，并要有艺术性。
描写文（Description）
①要确立合适的描写角度和次序，也就是说，是用第一人称还是用第三人称来描写。例如，如果你想要介绍某一所
大学，你就得决定是从参观者的角度还是从学生和教师的
或介绍某种操作的程序，或解释某些抽象概念，或阐明某
种科学原理、自然现象等，完全是就事论事，所以也称技术性的描写文。
说明文（Exposition）
说明文通常有三大要旨：
• 解释事实 • 解释事件 • 解释思想
说明文的写作原则
说明文的写作方法
说明文的写作原则
说明文应该写得条理分明, 层次清楚, 语言简洁, 用词具体,

人教版2019必修三unit5 词汇联想记忆

1.basis / 'beɪsɪs /n．基础；根据；基点base n. 基础，基地Based adj. 基本的；基础的on the basis of在某事的基础上；根据某事2.loan/ləʊn /n.贷款；借款3.take out a loan取得贷款4.plastic / 'plæstɪk /n．塑料adj.塑料制的；塑料的5.apologise/ə'pɒlədʒaɪz/ (also apologize)vi.道歉；谢罪apology n. 道歉；认错6.ignore / ɪɡ'nɔː(r)/ vt.忽视；对…不予理会记：no不Ignorant adj. 无知的；不了解的Ignorance n. 无知；愚昧7.in return作为回报；作为回应Return 返回8.judge/dʒʌdʒ/ vt.& vi.评价；评判；判断／n．法官；审判员；裁判员记：价值Judgment n. 判断；审判；判断力9.scene / siːn /n．（戏剧或歌剧的）场；现场；场面记：吸引。

场面很吸引人10.narrator / nə'reɪtə(r)/ n．（书、戏剧或电影中的）叙述者；讲述者；（电视节目中的）幕后解说员11.narration / nə'reɪʃn /n.叙述；讲述；解说12.bet/bet/n.打赌；赌注( bet,bet) vi.& vt.下赌注；用……打赌记：败。

打赌就一定能打败他13.make a bet打个赌14.servant / 'sɜːvənt/n．仆人；用人15.as a matter of fact事实上；其实；说真的Matter问题事情麻烦16.by accident偶然地；意外地Accident事情cid落下17.sail /seil/vi.& vt.（船）航行；（人）乘船航行记：sea 海18.spot / spɒt / vt.看见；注意到；发现n．地点；处所；斑点；污迹记：pot壶19.consulate/'kɒnsjələt/n．领事馆20.dare/deə(r)/ vi．&modal v．胆敢；敢于记：da大。

Narration

NARRATION writing skill (1)1. What is narration?Narration means telling a single story or several related stories. The story can be a means to an end, a way to support a main idea or thesis.Narration is powerful. Every public speaker, from politician to classroom teacher, knows that stories capture the attention of listeners as nothing else can. We want to know what happened to others, not simply because we're curious, but also because their experiences shed light on our own lives. Narration lends force to opinion, triggers the flow of memory, and evokes places, times, and people in ways that are compelling and affecting.2. How narration fits your purpose and audience;Narration can also appear in essays, sometimes as a supplemental pattern of development.In addition to providing effective support in one section of your paper, narration can also serve as an essay's dominant pattern of development. In fact, we can use a single extended narrative to convey a central point and share with readers your view of what happened.Although some narratives relate unusual experiences, most tread familiar ground, telling tales of joy, love, loss, frustration, fear--- all common emotions experienced during life. Narratives can take the ordinary and transmute it into something significant, even extraordinary. As Willa Cather, the American novelist wrote: “There are only two or three human stories and they go on repeating themselves as fiercely as if they had never happened before." The challenge lies in applying your own vision to tale, thereby making it unique.3. Prewriting strategies for narration;•What event evokes strong emotion in you and is likely to have a powerful effect on your readers?•Does your journal suggest any promising subjects?•Does anything point to an event worth writing about?•Will you focus on a personal experience, an incident in someone else's life, or a public event?•If you write about an event in someone else's life, will you have time to interview the person?•What is the source of tension in the event: one person's internal dilemma, a conflict between characters, or a struggle between a character and a socialinstitution or natural phenomenon?•Will the conflict create enough tension to "hook" readers and keep them interested?•What tone is appropriate for recounting the conflict?4. Strategies for using narration in an essay;a. Identify the point of the narrative conflict;•Most narratives center on a conflict.•When you relate a story, it's up to you to convey the significance or meaning of the event's conflict.•When recounting your narrative, be sure readers are clear about your narrative point, or thesis.b. Develop only those details that advance the narrative point;Nothing is more boring than a storyteller who gets sidetracked and drags out a story with nonessential details. When telling a story, you maintain an effective narrative pace by focusing on your point and eliminating any details that don't support it. A good narrative depends not only on what is included, but also on what has been left out. •Having a clear sense of your narrative point and knowing your audience are crucial.•How do you determine which specifics to omit, which to treat briefly, and which to emphasize?•You can't lead away from the point so you should leave out some details.•You also need to keep your audience in mind when selecting narrative details.•Is this detail or character of conversation essential? Does my audience need this detail to understand the conflict in the situation? Does this detail advance orintensify the narrative action?•You should feel free to add or reshape details to suit your narrative point.c. Organize the narrative sequence;Every narrative begins somewhere, presents a span of time, and ends at a certain point. Frequently, you will want to use a straightforward time order, following the event chronologically from beginning to end.But sometimes a strict chronological recounting may not be effective -- especially if the high point of the narrative gets lost somewhere in the middle of the time sequence. To avoid that possibility, you may want to disrupt chronology, plunge the reader into the middle of the story, and then return in a flashback to the tale's beginning.Narratives can also use flashforward -- you give readers a glimpse of the future before the story continues in the present. these techniques shift the story onto severalplanes and keep it from becoming a step-by-step, predictable account.Whether or not you choose to include flashbacks or flash-forwards in an essay, remember to limit the time span covered by the narrative. Otherwise, you'll have trouble generating the details needed to give the story depth and meaning. Also regardless of the time sequence you select, organize the tale so it drives toward a strong finish. Be careful that your story doesn't trail off minor, anticlimactic details.d. Make the narrative easy to follow.Describing each distinct action in a separate paragraph helps readers grasp the flow of events. Although narrative essays don't always have conventional topic sentences, each narrative paragraph should have a clear focus. Often this focus is indicated by a sentence early in the paragraph that directs attention to the action taking place. Such a sentence functions as a kind of informal topic sentence; the rest of the paragraph then develops that topic sentence. You should also be sure to use time signals when narrating a story.e. Make the narrative vigorous and immediate;A compelling narrative provides an abundance of specific details, making readers feel as if they're experiencing the story being told. Readers must be able to see, hear, touch, smell, and taste the event you're narrating. Vivid sensory description is, therefore, an essential part of an effective native. Not only do specific sensory details make writing a pleasure to read -- we all enjoy learning the particulars about people, places, and things -- but they also give the narrative the stamp of reality. The specifics convince the reader the event being described actually did, or could, occur.Another way to create narrative immediacy is to use dialogue while telling a story. Our sense of other people comes, in part, from what they say and the way they sound. Conversational exchanges allow the reader to experience characters directly. The challenge in writing dialogue is to make each character'sspeech distinctive and convincing.Another way to enliven narratives is to use varied sentence structure. Sentences that plod along with the same predictable pattern put readers to sleep. Experiment with your sentences by varying their length and type; mix long and short sentences, simple and complex.Finally, vigorous verbs lend energy to narratives. Use active verb forms rather than passive ones, and try to replace anemic to be verbs with dynamic constructions.f. Keep your point of view and verb tense consistent;If you, as narrator, tell a story as you experienced it, the story is written in thefirst-person point of view. But if you observed the event and want to tell how someone else experienced the incident, you would use the third-person point of view. Each point of view has advantages and limitations. The first person allows you to express ordinarily private thoughts and to re-create an event as you actually experienced it. This point ofview is limited, though, in its ability to depict the inner thoughts of other people involved in the event. By way of contrast, the third person makes it easier to provide insight into the thoughts of all the participants. However, its objective, broad perspective may undercut some of the subjective immediacy typical of the "I was there" point of view.Knowing whether to use the past or present tense is important. In most narration, the past tense predominates, enabling the writer to span a considerable period of time. Although more rarely used, the present tense can be powerful for events of short duration.A narrative in the present tense prolongs each moments, intensifying the reader's sense of participation. Be careful, though, unless the event is intense and fast paced, the present tense can seem contrived. Whichever tense you choose, avoid shifting midstream --- starting, let's say, in the past tense and switching to present.Two readingsThe Movie HouseIt was two blocks from my home; I began to go alone from the age of six. My mother, so strict about my kissing girls, was strangely indulgent about this. The theatre ran three shows a week, for two days each, and was closed on Sundays. Many weeks I went three times. I remember a summer evening in our yard. Supper is over; the walnut tree throws a heavy shadow. The fireflies are not out yet. My father is off, my mother and her parents are turning the earth in our garden. Some burning sticks and paper on our ash heap fill the damp air with low smoke; I express a wish to go to the movies, expecting to be told no. instead, my mother tells me to go into the house and clean up; I come into the yard again in clean shorts, the shadows slightly heavier, the dew a little wetter; the dime and the penny in my hand. I always ran to the movies. If it was not a movie with Adolphe Menjou, it was a horror picture. People turning into cats—fingers going stubby into paws and hair being blurred in with double exposure—and Egyptian tombs and English houses where doors creak and wind disturbs the curtains and dogs refuse to go into certain rooms because they sense something supersensory. I used to crouch down into the seat and hold my coat in front of my face when I sensed a frightening scene coming, peeking through the buttonhole to find out when it was over. Through the buttonhole Frankenstein’s monster glowered; lightning flashed; sweat poured over the bolts that held his face together. On the way home, I ran again, in terror now. Darkness had come; the first show was from seven to nine, buy nine even the longest summer day was ending. Each porch along the street seemed to be a tomb crammed with shadows; each shrub seemed to shelter a grasping arm. I ran with a frantic high step, trying to keep my ankles away from the reaching hands. The last and worst terror was our own porch; low brick walls on either side concealed possible cat people. Leaping high, I launched myself at the door and, if no one was in the front of the house, fled through suffocating halls past gaping doorways to the kitchen, where there was always someone working, and a light bulb burning. The icebox. The rickety worn table, oilcloth-covered, where we ate. The windows solid black and fortified by the interior brightness. But even then I kept my legs away from the dark space beneath the table.Questions:1 .Is the main idea of the paragraph directly stated? If so, in which sentence(s)? If not,state the main idea in a sentence of your own.2. What is the point of view in the narrative? Could another point of view be used? Using the first two sentences of the paragraph as an example, explain how you could change the point of view?3. In what ways is this paragraph subjective? In what ways is it objective?Learning to WriteRussell BakerWhen our class was assigned to Mr. Fleagle for third-year English, I anticipated another grim year in that dreariest of subjects. Mr. Fleagle was notorious among City students for dullness and inability to inspire. He was said to stuffy, dull, and hopelessly out of date. To me he looked to be sixty or seventy and prim to a fault. He wore primly severe eyeglasses; his wavy hair was primly cut and primly combed. He wore prom vested suits with neckties blocked primly against the collar buttons of his primly starched white shirts. He had a primly pointed jaw, a primly straight nose, and a prim manner of speaking that was so correct, so gentlemanly, that he seemed a comic antique.I anticipated a listless, unfruitful year with Mr. FleagleAnd for a long time was not disappointed. We read Mecbeth. Mr. Fleagle loved Mecbeth and wanted us to love it too, but he lacked the gift of infecting others with his own passion. He tried to convey the murderous ferocity of Lady Mecbeth one day by reading aloud the passage that concludes…I have given suck, and knowHow tender ‘tis to love the babe that milks meI would, while it was smiling in my face,Have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums….The idea of prim Mr. Fleagle plucking his nipple from boneless gums was too much for the class. We burst into gasps of irrepressible snickering. Mr. Fleagle stopped.“There is nothing funny, about giving suck to a babe. It is the—the very essence of motherhood, don’t you see.”He constantly sprinkled his sentences with “don’t you see.” It wasn’t a question but exclamation of mild surprise at our ignorance. “Your pronoun needs an antecedent, don’t you see,’ he would say, very primly. “The purpose of the Porter’s scene, boys, is to provide comic relief from the horror, don’t you see.”Later in the year we tackled the informal essay. “The essay, don’t you see, is the…” my mind went numb. Of all forms of writing, none seemed so boring as the essay. Naturally we would have to write informal essays. Mr. Fleagle distributed a homework sheet offering us a choice of topics. None was quite so simpleminded as “What I Did on My Summer Vacation,” but most seemed to be almost as dull. I took the list home and dawdled until the night before the essay was due. Sprawled on the sofa, I finally faced up to the grim task, took the list out my notebook, and scanned it. The topic on which my eye stopped was “The Art of Eating Spaghetti.”This title produced an extraordinary sequence of mental images. Surging up out of the depths of memory came a vivid recollection of a night in Belleville when all of us wereseated around the supper table—Uncle Allen, my mother, Uncle Charlie, Doris, Uncle Hal—and Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper. Spaghetti was an exotic treat in those days. Neither Doris nor I had ever eaten spaghetti, and none of the adults had enough experience to be good at it. All the good humor of Uncle Allen’s house reawoke in my mind as I recalled the laughing arguments we had that night about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti from plate to mouth.Suddenly I wanted to write about that, about the warmth and good feeling of it, but I wanted to put it down simply for my own joy, not for Mr. Fleagle. It was a moment to relive the pleasure of an evening at New Street. To write it as I wanted, however, would violate all the rules of formal composition I’d learned in school, and Mr. Fleagle would surely give it a failing grade. Never mind. I would write something else for Mr. Fleagle after I had written this thing for myself.When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no time left to compose a proper, respectable essay for Mr. Fleagle. There was no choice next morning but to turn in my private reminiscence of Belleville. Two days padded before Mr. Fleagle returned the graded papers, and he returned everyone’s but mine. I was bracing myself for a command to report to Mr. Fleagle immediately after school for discipline when I saw him lift my paper from his desk and rap for the class’s attention.“Now, boys,”he said, “I want to read you an essay. This is titled ‘the Art of Eating Spaghetti.’”And he started to read. My words! He was reading my words out loud to the entire class. What’s more, the entire class was listening. Listening attentively. Then somebody laughed, then the entire class was laughing, and not in contempt and ridicule, but with openhearted enjoyment. Even Mr. Fleagle stopped two or three times to repress a small prime smile.I did my best to avoid showing pleasure, but what I was feeling was pure ecstasy at this startling demonstration that my words had the power to make people laugh. In the eleventh hour as it were, I had discovered a calling. It was the happiest moment of my entire school career. When Mr. Fleagle finished he put the final seal on my happiness by saying, “Now that, boys, is an essay, don’t you see. It’s –don’t you see—it’s of the very essence of the essay, don’t you see. Congratulations, Mr. Baker.”Questions:1. What is the main idea of the essay?2. What order does the writer use in describing the incidents in his narrative?3. Is the essay written objectively or subjectively? Cite examples from the essay to help explain your answer?。

Narration记叙文的写作要点课堂

established in a piece of literature. Atmosphere is created through
word choice and pacing .
13
5 Conflict
? the central problem that drives the action of a story .
Narration
1
narration叙述文 description 描写文 exposition 说明文 argumentation 议论文
2
What is narration ?
3
To narrate is to give an account of what happened or is happening. At its simplest, narration is the telling of a story, which involves characters and ongoing actions.
Symbol 象征
Point of view 视角
Text
Foreshadowing伏笔
Setting 背景
Plot 情节
Order 顺序
16
Step1.Context
? At the beginning of a narrative ,make clear:
? When ? Where ? Who ? Provide the reader with context
1.1 Setting 背景 ? The time and place in which the
events of a story take place . Cultural ,social , physical context of a story.

2024届高考一轮复习英语学案(人教版)Unit5TheValueofMoney

Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．narrator n．(书、戏剧或电影中的)叙述者；讲述者；(电视节目中的)幕后解说员2．narration n．叙述；讲述；解说3．consulate n．领事馆4．obligation n．义务；职责；责任5．sequence v t.按顺序排列n．顺序；一系列6．frown n．& v i.皱眉7．ambassador n．大使；使节；代表8．upper-class adj.上流社会的；上等阶层的9．the upper class上流社会；上等阶层Ⅱ.记重点单词1．loan n．贷款；借款2．plastic n．塑料adj.塑料制的；塑料的3．scene n．(戏剧或歌剧的)场；现场；场面4．bet n．打赌；赌注(bet，bet)v i.& v t.下赌注；用……打赌v t.敢说5．spot v t.看见；注意到；发现n．地点；处所；斑点；污迹6．dare v i.& modal v．胆敢；敢于7．sort n．种类；类别8．beneath ad v.& prep.在(或往)……下面；在……的表面之下9．postpone v t.延迟；延期；延缓10．odd adj.奇怪的；怪异的；反常的11．nowhere ad v.无处；哪里都不12．extent n．程度；限度；大小；范围13．opera n．歌剧14．dinosaur n．恐龙15．hug v t.& v i.拥抱；抱紧16．duty n．责任；义务；职责；值班17．eventually ad v.最后；终于18．tailor n．(男装)裁缝v t.专门制作；定做19．clerk n．职员；文书；店员20．manner n．举止；行为方式；方法；[pl.]礼貌；礼仪21．downstairs ad v.顺楼梯而下；在楼下；往楼下22．stair n．楼梯；梯级23．aside ad v.到旁边；在旁边；留；存24．indeed ad v.其实；实际上；当然；确实25．element n．要素；基本部分26．plot n．故事情节；布局；阴谋27．upper adj.上面的；上层的；靠上部的28．maintain v t.维持；保持；维修；保养29．saying n．谚语；格言；警句30．external adj.外部的；外面的；外来的Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．basis n．基础；根据；基点→base n．基础；根基；底座v．以……为基础；根据→basic adj.基础的；基本的2．apologise (also apologize) v i.道歉；谢罪→apology n．道歉3．ignore v t.忽视；对……不予理会→ignorance n．无知；愚昧→ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的4．judge v t.& v i.评价；评判；判断n．法官；审判员；裁判员→judg(e)ment n．判断5．servant n．仆人；用人→serve v．服务→service n．服务6．sail v i.& v t.(船)航行；(人)乘船航行→sailing n．航行→sailor n．水手7．mining n．采矿；采矿业→mine n．煤矿→miner n．矿工8．patience n．耐心；忍耐力；毅力→patient adj.耐心的n．病人→patiently ad v.有耐心地→impatiently ad v.没有耐心地9．indicate v t.& v i.表明；显示v t.象征；暗示→indication n．表明，显示；迹象10．intention n．打算；计划；意图；目的→intend v．打算；计划11．musical n．音乐剧adj.音乐的→music n．音乐→musician n．音乐家12．pursue v t.追求；致力于→pursuit n．追求；追逐13．hesitate v i.犹豫；迟疑；顾虑→hesitation n．犹豫；迟疑14．option n．可选择的事物；选择；选择权→optional adj.可选择的15．broad adj.宽阔的；广阔的；广泛的→broaden v．(使)变宽；(使)扩大→broadly ad v.宽广地；广泛地16．normal adj.典型的；正常的；一般的；精神正常的n．常态；通常标准；一般水平→abnormal adj.不正常的；反常的17．willing adj.愿意；乐意→willingly ad v.乐意地→unwilling adj.不愿意的；勉强的→willingness n．乐意；心甘情愿18．permission n．准许；许可；批准；许可证→permit v t.& v i.允许；准许；使有可能n．执照1．decline v t.& v i.婉拒；衰落；减弱n．减少；衰退2．deliberately ad v.故意地3．delicate adj.微妙的；精美的，雅致的4．description n．描述，描写5．destination n．目的地6．dignity n．尊严；高贵7．discount n．折扣v t.认为……不重要；打折扣8．diploma n．毕业文凭；学位证书Ⅳ.背核心短语1．on the basis of在某事的基础上；根据某事2．take out a loan取得贷款3．in return作为回报；作为回应4．make a bet打个赌5．as a matter of fact事实上；其实；说真的6．by accident偶然地；意外地7．to be honest说实话；坦率地说8．ought to应该；应当9．be about to do sth 即将或正要(做某事)10．in case以防；以防万一11．to...extent到……程度；在……程度上12．on duty值班；值勤13．in a...manner以一种……的方式；带着一副……的样子14．in that case既然那样；假使那样的话15．be willing to do sth 愿意或乐意做某事Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．Wang Zheng apologised to Chen because he couldn’t offer her more money.(because引导的原因状语从句)王铮向陈道歉，因为他不能给她更多的钱。

narrative 词根词缀

narrative 词根词缀Narrative（叙述）一词源于拉丁语“narrare”，意为“说，讲述”。

它是一个词根，在词缀的帮助下可以形成一系列相关的词汇。

在本文中，我将探讨并解释一些与narrative词根相关的词缀，并给出一些实际例子来加深理解。

1. Narrate（叙述）-这是narrative词根的基本形式，它表示通过书面或口头的方式进行叙述。

例句：The teacher asked the students to narrate their summer vacation experiences.（老师要求学生讲述他们的暑假经历。

）2. Narrator（叙述者）-在叙述故事时，人们通常会有一个讲述者或叙述者，他们负责向听众或读者传递故事的细节和情节。

例句：The novel is told from the perspective of the main character, who also acts as the narrator.（这本小说从主人公的视角叙述，他还充当了叙述者的角色。

）3. Narrative（叙述性的）-这个形容词形式强调了叙述性质，用来描述故事、情节、或其它与讲述相关的内容。

例句：The film had a strong narrative structure, with a clear beginning, middle, and end.（这部电影具有明确的叙述结构，有明确的开始、中间和结束。

）4. Narratology（叙事学）-这个词汇是由narrative和-logy（科学的意思）组成的，表示研究叙述的学科。

例句：Narratology is a branch of literary theory that focuses on the analysis of narrative elements in storytelling.（叙事学是文学理论的一个分支，专注于分析讲故事中的叙事元素。

英语电影赏析Chapter 3-Narrative

Think of an example of a well-known film that combines a number of the basic stories.
Do Chinese films also depend on the 9 basic stories? Consider, for example, 《幸福时光》《活着》《大红灯笼高高挂》《手机》.

The key distinction between story and plot is that: Story is the viewer‟s imaginary construction of all the events in the narrative --- whether presented to us or not --- while plot is the film‟s actual presentation of certain events in the narrative.
Fourth of July)
7. Romeo and Juliet --- the classic ‘star-
crossed lovers’ (命运不佳的伴侣) story in
which a major obstacle stands in the way of true love (e.g. Ghost)
persecuted or alienated traveler who
will never return home (e.g. The English Patient, Apocalypse Now)
8
The Basic Stories

They can occur alone or in combination. These story categories should be interpreted quite loosely. (e.g. the Faust story --- the story of an individual who sells his soul to the devil, but this devil is not a usually a literal devil but a metaphorical one --- i.e. money, success, power, or fame. the „Wandering Jew‟ story --- it is rarely the story of a Jew as such <本身>; much more often it needs to be interpreted more broadly as the story of an individual who is alienated from <远离> his society and can never properly reintegrate. )

Narration

Ex.2: We planned a surprise party for Marjorie Martin. She was twenty-one years old and she never had a birthday party. First, we carefully made a guest list. We included many of her friends from school, a few of her other friends from church, and all of her brothers and sisters. Second, we planned a suitable menu. We needed some refreshing drinks and food. We were going to serve fruit punch and coffee. We also wanted chicken sandwiches, a birthday cake with twenty-one candles, and ice cream. Third, we planned entertainment. A boy did magic tricks skillfully. Another boy played the guitar well. We all liked group singing. We had a lot of records and a record player. Everyone helped. The party became a secret community project.
• Purpose --To tell a story, to prove a theory, to illustrate a concept, to praise a virtue, to condemn a vice, to support an idea, to explain a process, or to simply entertain readers, etc. --Make sure that the total effect of his narrative, or the final impression it leaves on the reader, is in agreement with his purpose. --Choose details and design the plot of the story carefully.

narrative的名词和动词

narrative的名词和动词名词：narrative动词：narratenarrative的意思是一个连续发展的事件、故事或情节；narrate 的意思是讲述或描述连续发展的事件、故事或情节。

1. She told a fascinating narrative about her adventures in the jungle.她讲述了一个关于她在丛林中冒险的迷人故事。

2. I love to listen to her narrate her experiences while traveling the world.我喜欢听她讲述她在世界各地旅行的经历。

3. The book is a first-person narrative told from the perspective of the main character.这本书是以第一人称讲述的，从主角的角度讲述。

4. He has a talent for narrative and always keeps his audience engaged.他有叙事的天赋，总是能让他的听众投入其中。

5. The documentary narrates the history of the ancient civilization in a captivating way.这部纪录片以一种迷人的方式讲述了古代文明的历史。

6. The narrative of the movie was compelling and kept me on the edge of my seat.电影的叙事非常吸引人，让我提心吊胆。

7. The novel is written in a narrative style that draws the reader in from the first page.这本小说以一种叙事风格写成，从第一页就吸引了读者。