Hyperbole 夸张
Hyperbole
Functions
3、描景壮物，渲染气氛，给人以深刻印象。
Stand still in Shanghai for two minutes and ten million people will rush at you like pins at magnet.
在上海静静地站上两分钟，就会有一千万人向你冲来，就像铁屑 冲向磁铁一样。
Usage
3. By the use of certain adjectives and adverbs
• Everyone bowed, including the Westerners. After three days in Japan, the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible.
--《Roughing It》
我认识一个要去那地方死的人，但他没有死成。他来时是 一付骨头架子，几乎不能站立。他什么也不想吃，什么也 不做，只是读些小册子，琢磨着以后怎么办。但三个月后， 他就经常在户外睡觉了，一天三顿能吃多少就吃多少，而 且在三千英尺高的山上，以追逐野兽作为娱乐。
以上引自美国著名作家马克·吐温的作品，读了这段用夸 张修辞方法写的文字，令我们忍俊不禁。怎能不叹服作者 的幽默。
每个人都拼命鼓掌。
Functions
1、强化感情，增强感染力。
In the dock, she found scores of arrows piercing her chest.
站在被告席上，她感到万箭穿心。
Functions
2、刻画人物，生动形象，活灵活现。
He ran down the avenue, making a noise like ten horses at a gallop. 他沿着大街跑，声音之响，犹如十马奔腾。
Hyperbole,understatement and pun
– How are you? Awfully well, thanks.
• 利用介词短语表示
– Here the wealth was beyond computation, beyond imagination.
英语Hyperbole（夸张）一词源于希腊语的huperbole，原意为 excess（超过）。这是一种故意夸大其词或言过其实 （overstatement）的修辞手法，其特点是对表达对象进行有 违常识或不合逻辑的夸张性描写，以此来取得强烈的修辞效果。 试比较以下例句： ①He ran down the avenue, making a loud noise. He ②He ran down the avenue, making a noise like ten horses at a gallop. 显而易见，例①为一般性描写，而例②则属夸张性描写，远比 例①生动形象，使人有如临其境，如闻其声之感。
Hyperbole 夸张
定义
• A figure of speech that deliberately uses exaggeration in order to give emphasis. --- The Cassell Dictionary of Literary and Language Terms • Exaggeration for effect, not mean to be taken literally. --- The Webster’s Ninth New World Dictionary
• 用虚拟语气表示
– ①A knife could have cut the tension during the seemingly endless trip back to the plantation. (Alex Haley: Roots) – 在返回种植园的似乎无穷无尽的征途上，空气紧张得 仿佛可以用刀子切割。 – ②Some movie stars wear their sunglasses even in churches; they’re afraid God might recognize them and ask for autograph. (Fred Allen) – 有些电影连在教学里也戴上太阳镜，唯恐上帝可能认 出来而要请他们签名。
英语中的夸张
Exercise:
It’s a crime to stay inside on such a beautiful day. 阳光明媚，躲在家中实在太遗憾了。 She wept floods／oceans of tears. 她泪如泉涌。 咱们很久没见面了。 I haven’t seen you for ages. 公园里人山人海。
扩大夸张(Extended Hyperbole) vs. 缩小夸张 (Reduced Hyperbole)
(1) His eloquence would split rocks! 他的雄辩之威之利，能劈磐石。 (2) It is the last straw that breaks the camel’s
There is a sea of faces in the park.
He is blind drunk. 他烂醉如泥。
It’s bitter cold. 天气真冷。
The hills are heavenly beautiful. 山景宜人。
I’m frightfully sorry I inconvenienced you.
deaths. 我对你讲过无数次了。 I’ve told you fifty times.
( 2 ) 用动词、名词、形容词或副词表示
He nearly exploded with indignation. 他几乎把肺都气炸了。 They split／burst their sides with
英语中的夸张
英语Hyperbole (夸张)一词源于希腊语，原意 为excess (超过)。这是一种故意夸大其词或言 过其实(overstatement)的修辞手法，其特点是 对表达对象进行有违常识或不合逻辑的夸张性 描写，以此来取得强烈的修辞效果。常用于文 学作品和日常生活中，而不用于科学著作、调 查报告、情况汇报、政策文件等应用文体中。
强化语意的Hyperbole(夸张)
• 2、刻画人物，生动形象，活灵活现。
•
• He ran down the avenue, making a noise like ten horses at a gallop.
• 他沿着大街跑，声音之响，犹如十马奔腾。 • 作者巧用hyperbole手段，短短一句，就把
人物的急躁心情，生动地刻画出来。
• Vingo sat there stunned, looking at the oak tree. It was covered with yellow handkerchiefs ——20 of them, 30 of
them, many hundreds, a tree that stood like a banner of
• While the sands o’ life shall run.
•
（Robert Burns）
• 亲爱的，我将永远爱你，
• 直到海水全枯竭，
• 直到海水全枯竭呀，亲爱的，
• 太阳熔化了岩石，
• 亲爱的，我将永远爱你，
• 只要我还有一息。
• 诗中夸张性的言辞表达了主人公对一位姑娘致死不渝的忠贞爱情：即 使所有的海洋枯干了，岩石都被太阳熔化了，我依然忠于爱情。
• Had Cleopatra’s nose been shorter, the whole face of the world would have been different.
•
( Blaise Pascal )
• 如果克利奥帕特拉的鼻子短一点的话，整个世界的面貌就 会改观。
•
• Cleopatra（69-30BC），埃及女王，艳美绝伦，被称为 “埃及艳后”。她的权欲极强，先为罗马恺撒大帝的情妇， 后与安东尼结婚。安东尼溃败后又欲勾引屋大维，没有成 功，遂以毒蛇噬咬自杀。此句夸张这个女人的容貌与世界 面貌的关系。
英语学习：毫不夸张地说这是一个最夸张的例子
【导语】Hyperbole是⼀种修辞⼿法，意思是“夸张”，是运⽤丰富的想象⼒，在客观现实的基础上有⽬的地放⼤或缩⼩事物的形象特征，以增强表达效果的修辞⼿法。
为了启发读者或听者的想象⼒和加强所说的话的⼒量，⽤夸⼤的词语来形容事物。
下⾯是整理发布的英语学习：毫不夸张地说这是⼀个最夸张的例⼦，欢迎阅读参考！更多相关讯息请关注！Hyperbole lies, but not so as to intend to deceive by lying. . . . It is in common use, as much among the unlearned as among the learned; because there is in all men a natural propensity to magnify or extenuate what comes before them, and no one is contented with the exact truth. But such departure from the truth is pardoned, because we do not affirm what is false. In a word, the hyperbole is a beauty, when the thing itself, of which we have to speak, is in its nature extraordinary; for we are then allowed to say a little more than the truth; and language is more efficient when it goes beyond reality.夸张带有欺骗性，但并⾮由⽬的的欺瞒。
夸张的使⽤很普遍，受过教育与没受过教育的⼈都会夸⼤其词，因为⼈的本性如此，会有意地夸⼤或减轻他们⾯对的情况，没有⼈会满意仅仅陈述事实。
Hyperbole夸张
Hyperbole夸张英语Hyperbole（夸张）一词源于希腊语的huperbole, 原意为excess （超过）。
这是一种故意夸大其词或言过其实（overstatement）的修辞手法，其特点是对表达对象进行有违常识或不合逻辑的夸张性描写，以此来取得强烈的修辞效果。
Hyperbole多见于文学作品，但日常口语里也常有运用。
例如：①Haven’t seen you for ages. ②I could sleep for a year.③We’re all tired to death.就性质而言，英语夸张可分为两类，即扩大夸张(Extended Hyperbole)和缩小夸张(Reduced Hyperbole)。
前者将描写对象的形象、数量、作用、程度等特征性的东西说得特别高、特别大；后者正相反，即把描写的对象的形象、数量、作用、程度等特征性的东西说得特别低、特别小。
英语Hyperbole（夸张）按构成方式大体可分为五类，现分别举例说明如下：1、用数词表示①This made him roar like a thousand bulls. (George Eliot: The Mill on the Floss) 这使他像千牛怒吼一般咆哮起来。
②One father is more than a hundred schoolmasters. (George Herbert)一个父亲的作用大于100格教师。
2、用其他词汇表示除数词外，英语夸张也常借助其他各类词来表示，或用动词，或用名词，或用形容词，灵活多样，并无定式，但不少词汇都含有极限意义。
a. 动词①In its wake, budget cuts and food shortages have hit the new nation of Russia—an prices have shot out of this world. (Newsweek, Feb. 17, 1992) 随其（指“前苏联“）解体后，预算缩减和食品短缺已经沉重地打击了俄罗斯这个新生国家——而且物价高涨，直冲九霄。
(完整版)Hyperbole(夸张手法)
Hyperbole/OverstatementHyperbole is a way of describing something in order to make it sounds bigger, smaller, better, worse, ect.than it really is.1．This chair weighs a ton.2．The worker is so hungry that he can eat a horse.3．The girl is dying to know why her boyfriend left her.4．I'm starving to death.5．Her words are sweeter than honey.6．The two brothers are different in a thousand and one way s.7．Thanks a million.8．It took a few dollars to build this skyscraper.9．I feel so sleepy that I could sleep for a year.10．It's a matter of life and death to her.11．I love Ophelia: forty thousand brothersCould not, with all their quantity of love,Make up my sum. (William Shakespeare: Hamlet) 12．I will love you still till all seas have gone dry; I will love you still till rocks have melted with the sun. (Robert Burns)13．The day seems a long year.14．His eloquence would split rocks.15．I have a sea of trouble.16．I have a thousand things to attend to.17．We haven't seen each other for ages.18．He's got tons of money.19．Her brain is the size of a pea.20．I will die if she asks me to dance.21．"Ladies and gentlemen, I've been to Vietnam, Iraq, and Afghanistan, and I can say without hyperbole that this is a million times worse than all of them put together." (Kent Brockman, The Simpsons) 22．"I was helpless. I did not know what in the world to do. I was quaking from head to foot, and could have hung my hat on my eyes, they stuck out so far." (Mark Twain, "Old Times on the Mississippi") 23．"Daphne, you can't go. You have to stay. I've only just recently realized how important you are to us. You see, if you go, Dad and I will kill each other. I'm not just tossing out hyperbole here. I'm speaking in the most literal sense: Dad and I, both dead. Only he'll be lying there with a bacteria-ridden sponge protruding from his mouth like a bloated tongue!" (Kelsey Grammer as Dr. Frasier Crane in "Come Lie With Me." Frasier, 1996)24．"My toaster has never once worked properly in four years. I follow the instructions and push two slices of bread down in the slots, and seconds later they rifle upwards. Once they broke the nose of a woman I loved dearly." (Woody Allen, "My Speech to the Graduates." The New York Times, Aug. 10, 1979)。
汉英修辞格中强化语意的夸张之对比分析
摘要：夸张Hyperbole属于词义上的一种修辞格，是作者或说话人以主观的眼光对客观的人或事物故意扩大或缩小的渲染、描述，用以抒发其强烈的情感，表达自己的深刻感受。
文学作品中，运用夸张可增强语言的鲜明感，提高表述的生动性，收到突出事物特征、丰富语义、强调某种感情的良好效果。
本文通过实例简述了汉英修辞格中强化语意的夸张Hyperbole的用法和特点的异同。
关键词：修辞格；夸张；对比；分析一、相同点释义从用法和效果上看，汉英的夸张有异曲同工之处1.强化感情，增强感染力1）Hamlet：O God,I would be bounded in a nutshell and count myself a king of infinite space,were it not that I have bad dreams.(William Shakespeare:Hamlet)哈姆雷特：上帝啊！倘不是因为我总做噩梦，那么即使把我关在一个果壳里，我也会把自己当作一个拥有无限空间的君王的。
（朱生豪译）此句采用缩小夸张和扩大夸张的对照深刻有力地表达了哈姆雷特的内心感受。
2）北方有佳人，绝世而独立，一顾倾城，再顾倾国。
《汉书·外戚传》如此美人，看一眼你就保不住城邑，再看一眼，国家也保不住了。
把这佳人的美丽夸到了极点。
这样的夸张言简意赅，使得再精彩的描写也会黯然失色。
2.刻画人物，生动形象，活灵活现汉英夸张都有助于渲染气氛、启发联想，突出事物的特征，给人以深刻印象。
如：1）———Once，when Manchester united had the narrowest of squeaks,disaster averted only by a heroic piece of goalkeeping———Once,just this once,Young Herbert uttered a single piercing screamthat must have been audible in Peru:His soul flew out of his mouth with a sound like a fiend in torment.I glanced round and saw his little puddingy face transfigured,his cheeks were as red as fine and his eyes were blazing like twin stars.用夸张的手法把一位足球球迷的活动神态描写得惟妙惟肖；他发出的尖叫声“甚至在秘鲁也能听到”，他的面颊“红的像火焰一样”，两眼“像两颗星星一样发出强烈的亮光”，那种激动的气氛通过夸张的手法被烘托出来。
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t Hyperbole 夸张
英语hyperbole一词源于希腊语的huperbole，原意为excess（超过）。
Definition：
A figure of speech consisting in exaggerated or extravagant statement, used to express strong feeling or produce a strong impression, and not intended to be understood literally.
---Oxford English Dictionary
这是一种故意夸大其词或言过其实的修辞手法，其特点是对表达对象进行有违常识或不合逻辑的夸张性描写，以此来取得强烈的修辞效果。
1）Haven’t seen you for ages.
2) I could sleep for a year.
3) We’re all tired (thirsty) to death.
Classification：
按性质分类：Extended hyperbole & Reduced hyperbole
按构成方式分类：lexical & grammatical
按性质分类：
Extended hyperbole 扩大夸张
将描写对象的形象、数量、作用、程度等说得特别高、特别大。
Reduced hyperbole 缩小夸张
将描写对象的形象、数量、作用、程度等说得特别低、特别小。
1）His eloquence would split rocks!
2) It is the last straw that breaks the camel’s back.
3) A drop of ink may make a million think.
一滴墨水写成的文字可让千万人思索。
按构成方式分类：
1. 用词汇表示(lexical)
A. 用数词表示
1) This made him roar like a thousand bulls.
这使他像千牛怒吼一般咆哮起来。
2) One father is more than a hundred schoolmasters.
---George Herbert 一个父亲的作用大于100个教师。
3) I love Ophelia: forty thousand brothers could not, with all their quantity of love make up my sum.
---William Shakespeare: Hamlet
我爱奥菲莉亚：40 000 个兄弟的爱合起来，还抵不过我对她的爱。
B.动词表示
1) In its wake, budget cuts and food shortage have hit the new nation of Russia—and prices have shot out of the world.
---Newsweek, Feb. 17, 1992
随其解体后（指前苏联），预算缩减和食品短缺已经沉重地打击了俄罗斯这个
n
新生国家—而且物价飞涨，直冲云霄。
2) We not only saw but heard it: the report positively reverberated down the Rhine. ---George B. Shaw 我们不仅看见了，而且听见了。
这个报告简直响遍了整个莱茵河。
3) His anger nearly burst his belly. 他气得肚子简直炸裂了。
C.名词
It ’s a crime to stay inside on such a beautiful day.
a crime = a great pity
今天阳光明媚，躲在家中实在太遗憾了。
2. 用虚拟语气表示
Noise proves nothing: often a hen who has merely laid an egg crackles as if she had laid an asteroid.
---Mark Twain
嗓子大证明不了什么事情：只生下一只蛋的母鸡也常会咯咯叫，像是生下了小行星似的。
3.用形容词比较级和最高级表示She is the prettiest girl in the world.My Faith is larger than the Hills.Hyperbole 与其他辞格：
1) Miss Bolo went straight home in a flood of tears and sedan chair. ---Charles Dickens (hyperbole, zeugma)
2) Poly, I love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellation of outer space. ---Max Shulman (hyperbole, climax)
3) A lie can travel half way around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes. (hyperbole, personification)4) A drop of ink may make a million think.
(hyperbole, metonymy, contrast)。