句子成分分析专题

词类框架

语法专题：动词(一)

一．知识结构图

二．动词的分类：实义动词、助动词、情态动词

✧助动词

1.助动词的特点：

（1）从词义的角度来看，助动词不具备词汇意义；

（2）从在谓语中的作用来看，助动词不能单独充当句子的谓语，它必须与实义动词连用，以帮助构成各种时态、语态、语气、否定和疑问。2.

三个助动词同时也是实义动词，而作为助动词或实义动词，它们在词义和谓

1.情态动词的特点：

（1）从词义的角度来看，情态动词有其自身的词汇意义，如用来表示可能、建议、愿望等，以表示说话人对某种行为或状态的看法或

态度。

（2）从在谓语中的作用来看，与助动词一样，情态动词在句中不能单独作句子的谓语，而必须和实义动词一起构成复合谓语。

2.情态动词主要有下列10个：can/could, may/might, shall/should, will/would, must, had better

✧实义动词

1.实义动词的特点：

（1）从词义的角度来看，实义动词具备完整的词汇意义。

（2）从在谓语中的作用来看，实义动词能单独充当句子的谓语。

练一练：

我们通过下面的这篇幽默短文，来总结一下上面讨论的内容。我们来判断下列格局中的谓语动词哪些是实义动词、助动词、情态动词。

Two men were standing at a bar. One man turned to the other and said, “I’ll bet you 100￥that I can bite my left eye.” The wager（赌注）was accepted, and the man popped(突然挖出)out his glass eye and bite it.

“now,” he said, “I’ll give you a chance to win your money back. I’ll bet you another 100￥that I can bite my right eye.”“he can’t have two glass eye,” thought the other man, and he plunked(重重甩下)down his money.

Then the first man took out his false teeth and bit his right eye.

Exercise:

1.Studying English takes time.

2.The first step is always the hardest.

3.The library was built last year.

4.I can’t stand the heat.

5.I will find you a good teacher.

6.I often do my homework at the school, but yesterday I did it at home. Jim doesn’t

do that. He likes doing his homework at home.

7.I have two brothers. One brother has been out of school for many years. Now he

is working in a dot-com company(网络公司). He is married and has his own family. The other brother is now at college and hasn’t graduated yet. He has a girlfriend and they have known each other for 2 years.

动词分类（二）：英语的五种基本句型

一．句型结构图

二．例句

1. I am a Webaholic（网虫）.

2. I like chatting online.

3. Chatting on the internet is interesting.

4. Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.

5. We can call internet addicts(上瘾的人) a Webaholic.

6. Internet dating hurts.

三．句型讲解

主+系+表

该句型的谓语动词是系动词。所谓系动词，又叫联系动词，顾名思义，这种动词并不表示具体的动作，二知识起连接主语和后面成分的作用。这种动词后面所接的成分是用来说明主语的特点，表明主语的性质特征的，因此我们称之为主语补足语，或表语。

例句分析:He became a doctor.

The leaf will turn yellow in fall.

He looks happy.

You don’t look well.

副词一般不做表语。

注意使用系动词应该注意的地方：第一，没有被动语态；第二，一般没有进行时（除了feel以外）；第三，有些动词既是系动词又是普通动词。如keep, grow, taste, feel, get, smell 等。）

The pet dog keeps clean. It is kept by Johnson.

He smells the cake. It smells good.

Exercise:

选择一个合适的词或根据汉语提示填空，注意动词的适当形式。

（1）I ______ (remain/keep/stay) a nurse while he has _____(turn/become) engineer.

(2) Put the meat in the refrigerator. It ______(go/get/turn/become) bad easily.

(3) What he said ______(sound/ look/smell/taste) reasonable.

(4)He fells __________ (comfortable/comfortably) working in the air-conditioned office.

(5)Please keep _______(安静)；the baby has fallen ______(睡着).

拓展：

句子成分就像一个盒子，里面可以放置很多动词，可以是词，短语，句子。The question is confusing.

The question is under discussion.

The question is that he doesn’t like study.

主语+谓语

该句型当中的谓语动词是不及物动词，所表示的动作没有作用对象，其本身的意义完整，其后不需要宾语。

例句：

1.He died.

2.Internets dating hurts.

3.The firing is burning.

4.The sun rises and the sun sets. Stars glitter and stars vanish.

5.He works hard.

6.The sun sets in the west.

7.He shouted loudly.

注意：第一,不及物动词不能直接加宾语。（agree, lie, work）

第二，不及物动词加一个介词后构成动词短语可以加宾语。(agree with, lie