江苏专用高考英语二轮培优复习专题三阅读理解第二讲主旨大意题习题

1

第二讲│主旨大意题

一、题型解读

主旨大意题是高考英语阅读理解中常考的题型之一，主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。通常以概括文章或段落大意以及选择标题等形式出现。主旨大意题是阅读理解题中的高难度题，能够拉开考生的分数差距，所以此类题目在高考试题中具有很好的选拔作用，属于能力型题目。

主旨大意题一般分为三类：

主旨大意题考点1

精确归纳标题

考点2 概括文章大意

考点3

总结段落大意

二、设问方式

解答主旨大意题时要抓住文章的首尾段和每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。

1.标题归纳类主旨大意题的主要设题形式

·What is the best title for this passage?

·Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

·The title that best expresses the idea of the passage is ________.

·The most suitable title of this passage is ________.

·What would be the most suitable title for the text? ·The suitable title of the passage may be ________.

2.文章大意类主旨大意题的主要设题形式

·What is the main idea of the passage?

·The passage is mainly about ________.

·Which of the following can best summarize the passage?

·What is the subject discussed in the passage? ·What does the passage mainly deal with?

3.段落大意类主旨大意题的主要设题形式

2

·The main idea of the second paragraph is probably that ________.

·What is the last paragraph chiefly concerned with?

·What does the writer try to express in Paragraph 3? ·Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph 1?

·What is the main idea discussed in Paragraph 2?

三、选项特征

1.主旨大意题正确选项的特征

(1)涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。

(2)确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。

(3)精确性强，能恰当地表达原文的主题和中心思想。

2.主旨大意题干扰选项的特征

(1)过于笼统，不知所云。所给选项内容归纳、概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容。

(2)以偏概全，主次不分。所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。

(3)移花接木，偷换概念。所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上，若不留神，极易选错答案。

(4)无中生有，生搬硬套。所给选项的关键词语虽然在文章中谈到了，但经过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。

精确归纳标题

[典例] (2016·江苏高考·阅读D)

Not so long ago，most people didn't know who Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce was going to become.She was just an average high athlete.There was every indication that she was just another Jamaican teenager without much of a future.However，one person wanted to change this.Stephen Francis observed then eighteen-year-old Shelly-Ann at a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginnings of true greatness.Her times were not exactly impressive，but even so，he sensed there was something trying to get out，something the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking.He decided to offer Shelly-Ann a place in his very strict training

3

sessions.Their cooperation quickly produced results，and a few years later at Jamaica's Olympic trials in early 2008，Shelly-Ann，who at that time only ranked number 70 in the world，beat Jamaica's unchallenged queen of the sprint(短跑).

70.What is the best title for the passage? A.The Making of a Great Athlete B.The Dream for Championship C.The Key to High Performance D.The Power of Full Responsibility

答案 A [主旨大意题。首先，根据题干可以确定本题为标题归纳类主旨大意题。整篇文章介绍了牙买加短跑明星弗莱瑟-普利斯由一名不为人知的中学普通运动员成长为奥运会金牌得主的故事。成名后，弗莱瑟-普利斯并没有止步不前，而是计划为祖国做更多的事情。所以A项“一个伟大的运动员的造就”能覆盖全文，恰当地表达原文的主题和中心思想。] 【技巧点拨】

如何精确归纳标题？

1.利用主题段来概括标题

主题段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般来说第一段经常提出文章的主题或最后一