第四章运输方式

第四章运输方式

第一节海洋运输

海上运输Marine Transportation

There is a wide range of maritime cargo handled at seaport terminals.

运输方式

1、班轮运输（Liner Transport）

A vessel operated a regular scheduled, service on a fixed route between designated ports and carries many different goods.

（1）characteristic

have a regular schedule

a fixed route

between the same ports

Freight rates unchanged

班轮的港口装卸由船方负责

特别适合于一般件杂货和集装箱货物的运输。

（3）计价标准

a. 按货物实际重量计收运费，即重量吨（W ）

b. 按体积/ 容积计收，“ 尺码吨” （Measurement Ton, M ）

c. 按重量或体积计收，由船公司选择其中收费较高者作为计费吨。（W/M ）

d. 按商品价格计收，即从价运费（Ad. V al，A.V ）

还有如W/M or ad. V al 及W/M plus A.V.

e. 按件数

f. 临时议定，open

2、租船运输（Charter Transport）

Charter a whole vessel. It’s cheaper than the liner transportation, and it can choose the rout. So Bulk cargo always chooses charter transport.

Types;

定期租船：A time charter is the hiring of a vessel for a specific period of time; the owner still manages the vessel but the charterer selects the ports and directs the vessel where to go. The charterer pays for all fuel the vessel consumes, port charges, and a daily hire to the owner of the vessel.

定程租船：V oyage charter：

A voyage charter is the hiring of a vessel and crew for a voyage between a load port and a discharge port. The charterer pays the vessel owner on a per-ton or lump-sum basis. The owner pays the port costs (excluding stevedoring), fuel costs and crew costs. The payment for the use of the vessel is known as freight. A voyage charter specifies a period, known as laytime, for unloading the cargo. If lay time is exceeded超过, the charterer must pay demurrage逾期费. If lay time is saved, the charter party may require the ship-owner to pay dispatch派遣to the charterer.[

光船租船： A demise charter: The charterer obtains possession and full control of the vessel along with the legal and financial responsibility for it. The charterer pays for all operating expenses, including fuel, crew, port expenses and P&I and hull insurance. Demise charter is a form of hire-purchase from the owners, who may well have been the shipbuilders.

装运条款

1. 装运时间Time of Shipment：

e.g. write down the date of shipping; Shipment within 45 days after receipt of L/C;

immediate shipment. org.

2. 装运港port of shipment:目的港port of destination

e.g. Port of shipment: Qingdao/Dalian/Shanghai

Port of shipment: China ports

3. 转船Transshipment

4. 分批partial shipment: it will be determined in the contract

5. 装运通知：

Shipping Advice

Declaration of Shipment

海运单据

一、海运提单bill of lading ，B/L

The Bill of Lading is an instrument issued by an ocean carrier to a shipper.

Three functions:

∙it is a receipt, i.e. an acknowledgement that the goods have been loaded;

∙it contains or evidences the terms of the contract of carriage;

∙It is a document of title to the goods. ( i.e. if you have the Bill of Lading, you own the concerning goods).

二．海运提单的种类

●清洁提单（clean B/L）：

When the goods are loaded on board, the surface of the goods is good.

●不清洁提单（unclean B/L or foul B/L）

The ocean carrier indicates that there is something wrong between the goods loaded and the goods listed on bill.如“被雨淋湿”、“三箱破损”、“四件沾污”等类似批注。

The seller should submit the clean B/L to the buyer.