《科技英语》综合复习资料(正考)

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科技英语复习内容(考试)

Unit 1A. 1) mutual gain game and mutual harm game互赢博弈和互败博弈2) sequential –move game连续策略博弈3) simultaneous-move game 联立策略博弈4) linear reasoning直线推理5) circular reasoning循环推理6) Nash reasoning纳什均衡7) dominant strategy支配性策略8) optimal result最优化结果9) breakdown of cooperation合作破裂10) strategy of brinkmanship边缘化策略B. 1) 完全博弈pure conflict 2) 竞争与合作competition and cooperation3) 策略性相互作用strategic interdependence 4) 囚徒困境prisoners’ dilemma5) 长远性损失ong-run loss 6) 针锋相对策略tit-for-tat strategy7) 策略混合mixing one’s moves8) 打斜线球或底线球hit a passing shot cross-court or down the line9) 垄断性市场monopoly market 10) 均衡份额equilibrium sharesUnit 5A. 1) the existing technology 现有的技术2) voice commands语音命令3) cellular network蜂窝网络4) slot for added memory附加存储卡用槽5) have computerlike fearues具有电脑功能6) a built-in digital camera内置式数码相机7) set up temporary offices建立临时办公室8) word processing power文字处理能力9) qwerty keboard标准键盘10) location-based services定位服务B. 1) 闪存容量flashy memory 2) 手机观察家们mobile-phone watchers3) 投影键盘projection keyboard 4) 个人电脑的捍卫者defenders of the PC5) 语音识别系统speech-recognition system 6) “双铰”式设计―dual hinge‖ design7) 按钮式拨号式键盘the touch-tone pad 8) 手机迷a phone guy9) 豪华大屏显the luxuriously large screen 10) 智能手机smartphonesUnit 8A 1) ferrous metal 黑色金属2) boron nitride 氮化硼3) elastic deformation 弹性形变4) plastic deformation 塑性形变5) bulk modulus体积模量6) volume compression 体积压缩7) linear compression 线性压缩8) shear modulus 剪切模9) covalent bond 共价键10) irreversible motion 不可恢复运动B 1) 剪切运动shear motion 2）过渡金属transition mental 3）纳米结构nanostructure4）结晶粒度grain size 5）三元相ternary phases 6）高价电子high valence electron7）导热性能thermal conductivity 8) 低耗合成low-cost synthesis9）耐磨涂层wear-risistant coating 10）折光指数index refractionUnit 11. The essence of a game is the interdependence of player strategies. There are two distinct types of strategic interdependence: sequential and simultaneous.博奕的实质是博弈者采取策略间相互依赖性，这种策略性相互依赖表瑞为两个不同类别，连续策略之间和联力策略间的相互作用。

科技英语复习总结

科技英语复习总结科技英语复习总结单项选择单词：单项选择单词：meteorites 流星、陨星流星、陨星流星、陨星 radiation 辐射辐射primitive 原始原始microbe 微生物微生物 ultraviolet radiation 紫外线紫外线紫外线 penetrate 渗透、刺入、穿透渗透、刺入、穿透biospheres 生物圈生物圈extrabiology 天体生物学天体生物学organism 微生物微生物Martian 与火星有关的与火星有关的Spectral signature 光谱分析光谱分析光谱分析 Laser 激光激光 Mercury 水星水星 Venus 金星金星 Jupiter 木星木星Saturn 土星土星Uranus 天王星天王星 Neptune 海王星海王星 Iron 铁质铁质 Orbit 环绕环绕 Parent star 恒星恒星恒星 Inhabit Inhabit、、habitable habitable、、habitat翻译：翻译：火星表面下可能有一个更好的微生物的避难所，液态水可能是永久性的，危险的太阳紫外线不会穿透。

的，危险的太阳紫外线不会穿透。

Probably a better haven for microbes is beneath the Martian surface, wher e liquid water may be permanent and where the e liquid water may be permanent and where the Sun’s Sun’s Sun’s dangerous ultraviol dangerous ultraviol et radiation does not penetrate.第一单元：第一单元：A. Translate the following expressions intoChinese:1. mutual gain game and mutual harm game 互赢博弈和互败博弈互赢博弈和互败博弈2. sequential-move game 连续策略博弈3. simultaneous-move game 联立策略博弈4. linear reasoning 直线推理5. circular reasoning 循环推理6. Nash equilibrium 纳什均衡7. dominant strategy 支配性策略8. optimal result 最优化结果9. breakdown of cooperation 合作分裂10. strategy of brinkmanship 边缘化策略B. Translate the following expressions intoEnglish:1. 完全博弈 pure conflict2. 竞争与合作 competition and cooperation3. 策略性相互作用 strategic interdependence4. 囚徒困境 prisoners’ dilemma5. 长远性损失 long-run loss6. 针锋相对策略 tit-for-tat strategy7. 混合性策略 mixing one’s moves8. (网球)斜线球或底线球hita passing shot cross-court or down the line9. 垄断性市场 monopoly market10. 均衡份额 equilibrium sharesIII. Sentence Translation:A. Translate the following English sentencesinto Chinese: (Pay attentionto the underlined part)1. The essence of a game is the interdependence of player strategies.There are two distinct types of strategic interdependence: sequential andsimultaneous.博弈的实质是博弈者采取策略之间的相互依赖性。

科技英语综合练习复习资料(附答案)

科技英语综合练习复习资料(附答案)科技英语综合练习复习资料阅读理解Unit 1 term “games” in game theory all shares the characteristic of______?参考答案：D to the passage, recent research of game theory lays its emphasis on games conflict cooperation and cooperation 参考答案： D simultaneous-move games, the player should how the other players respond and then respond in turn conscious of the other players5 current actions thinking in a linear chain of reasoning and calculate the possible outcome to select his best response to what the others do 参考答案：D the sentence ‘‘Other games were considered in a cooperative form. That is, the participants were supposed to choose and implement theiractions jointly”，the underlined word “implement” means .____ 履行参考答案：B can i nfer from “The Prisoner’s Dilemma” of game theory that_____: belongs to the so-called zero-sum games because the interests af the prisoners conflict totally equilibrium can be reached in repeated plays of the game i参考答案：B to the authors, which of the following statements il true? ’s concept of equilibrium addresses the issues of both sequential-move and simultaneous-move games. pursuit of an equilibrium should end up looking for dominant strategies or eliminating dominated players. ’s concept of equilibrium doesn’t specify the dynamic process which can result in an equilibrium. equilibrium will ultimately be arrived at in simultaneous-move games. 参考答案：C keep the rival guessing or losing, the useof mixing moves can be found in ______ chopping wood conquering Mexico in 16th century securing a monopoly market tennis player hitting a passing shot 一个网球运动员参考答案：D the sentence \presumption that each person’s privately best choice will lead to a collectively optimal result”, the underl ined word “presumption” means _____. 假设参考答案：A of the following ways can enhance the credibility of threats and promise to affect the opponent in a strategic interaction? the rival guessing. the strategy of brinkmanship. to have a better outcome. and revealing information. 参考答案：B the sentence “A player can use threats and promises to alter other players’expectations of his future actions, and thereby induce them to take actions favorable to him or deter them from making moves that harm him”，theunderlined word “deter” means___阻止参考答案：D Unit 4 operators can offer their subscribers services like reserving bandwidth for specific application by using _______specification. 参考答案：B PCMM standard creates a framework that allows the_________ to control and change the allocated bandwidth for various services. modem keeping server manager devices 参考答案：D the sentence “The seamless Wi-Fi roaming technology would alert the mobile carrier when a user migrates into a Wi-Fi zone”, the unde rlined word “migrates” means参考答案：A of the following-is a compelling reason for promoting cellular roaming? operating expenditure. cell, phone’s markets. entertaining functions. overall communications. 通信参考答案：D networks are moving towardthe concept \ spot point spot 地铁站点 D. network node 参考答案：C of the following is the characteristic of meshed wireless network?, 参考答案：B the sentence “A hybrid TDM/IP approach can incorporate IP features in conjunction with an existing TDM-based PBX”,the underlined word \ 参考答案：B does the IP Centrex service use to provide all the IP calling features to the enterprise customer?A A context switch and feature server architecture.B A softswitch and management server architecture.C A context switch and management server architecture. D. A softswitch and feature server architecture. 软交换和特征服务参考答案：D the sentence “PON has been heralded as the chosen FTTP path for RBOCs”, the underlined word \ . 宣告参考答案：A actual number of active devices in anactive network is less than ________ more thain those in a passive network. % % % % 参考答案：A Unit 6 is the main point of the article? laws of thermodynamics will eventually cause computer system performance to plateau. computing is inevitable in the near future. computing will unlock the power of tomorrow’s computing platforms. principles of reversible computing. 参考答案：C computers, or adiabatic systems . existing technology to falter an alternative computing technique 代替计算技术quantum computers at a steep price 参考答案：B core elements to create a fully functional reversible computer system involve circuits, reversible power supply and reversible switches power supply and reversible switches circuits, reversible switches and reversible chips circuits,reversible power supply and reversible chips 可逆电路、可逆电源、可逆芯片参考答案：D of the following states why improvements in computing come at a steep price? computing architectures need to be changed. information inevitably produces heat. designs need to be re-engineered. and development tools need to be re-designed. 参考答案：A have been investigating alternative computing techniques such as _______to stave off the problems of conventional computing performance. computing 量子计算operations 参考答案：C the sentence “To stave off these problems, researchers have been investigating alternative computing techniques”, the underlined phrase-&stave off’means way to off 解决参考答案：D of the following lists all the fundamental computing performance bottlenecks?and software designs and leakage. heat dissipation and hardware and software designs. heat dissipation and thermal heat dissipation, thermal noise and leakage. 参考答案：D of the following statements woes, to new levels, persisted in adiabatic systems, knowing the technology would be, important soon. 参考答案：A of the following statements supports the idea that “the energy consumption of laptops remains the same”? not confuse adiabatic methods with today’s power-saying features on laptops. computations of laptops may consume less power, but take twice as long to complete.完成energy of laptops is conserved since much of the time they are not running. run the idle loop fast, thus laptops might conserve power. 参考答案：B can be implied from the passage that______. systems are more necessary forgeneral-purpose applications future where reversible systems become necessary is inevitable chips will not be more efficient for practical applications even if optimized is not in favor of adiabatic research 参考答案：B Unti 7 the sentence “As the enterprise considers V oIP and more significantly V oIP over Wi-Fi, the decision to implement location-aware technology will become amatter of legal compliance”, the underlined word “compliance” means _____. 命令参考答案：B a caller dials 911, a selective router switch within the phone network sends the call to a local ______ station 公共安全应答站point 参考答案：B is the percentage of people in the who will get E911 service? 93 percent. 95 percent. 88 percent. 88 79 percent. 参考答案：C technologies and V oIP present unique problems for E911because__________. phone users are usually able to roam in a large area phones only use base stations to connect to the Internet phones can only work across Wi-Fi network phones’area codes are tied to its’geographic location 参考答案：A of the following is included in the deployment of 911 across cellular networks? 0 ensures that E911 calls will get through to a PSAP. 1 specifies that V oIP 911 calls will be routed to the local PSAP. 2 will bring full E911 services to V oIP across the PSTN. 3 will deliver E911 over IP to devices without telephone numbers. 参考答案：A the sentence “It could then offset those costs by passing them on to the application service provider, which could in turn charge the end user”, the underlined word “offset” means_______.参考答案：A of the following is the advantage of A-GPS over GPS? searchtime is reduced by 10 to 12 seconds. takes several minutes to get the location information. saves precious battery life for mobile phone users. works equally well both inside and outside buildings. 参考答案：C uses_________. bands bands bands bands 参考答案：B of the following is the function of triangulation? measure the returning signal’s attenuation. emit test signals into the environment. compare multiple signal strengths. account for multiple propagation. 参考答案：C of the following examples shows that location-aware presence improves Wi-Fi security? can locate interlopers penetrating the defenses of the Wi-Fi network. the Wi-Fi environment, consumers can be directed to restaurants. companies can now track the movement of their vans. hospitals doctors and medical equipment can be quickly located. 参考答案：A 完形填空Unit 4 1.B. handicapsC. benefits促进D. hindrances 2. A. while B. when C. however D. though 3. A. everywhere B. anywhere C. however D. though 4. A. on B. with C. by D. over 5. A. accede B. accelerate促进 C. access D. accept 6. A. exceeds超越 B. precedes C. antecedes D. cedes 7. A. decline B. arise C. grow种植D. descend 8. A. converting B. converging合并 C. convecting D. convolving 9. A. interact B. interaction C. interacting D. interactive互动的10. A. coupling B. couple C. coupled连结的 D. being coupled 11. A. potential潜能B. latency C. efficiency D. specialty 12. A. but B. however C. therefore D. hence 13. A. That B. It C. WhichD. What 14. A. constitutes构成 B. consists C. comprises D. contains 15. A. minimum最低限度的B. maximum C. medium D. average 16. A. upon B. for C. against反对 D. beneath 17. A. nevertheless B. though C. even平的 D. nonetheless 18. A. approachB. access接入C. availD. admission19. A. uncertainty不确定的 B. probability C. certainty D. likelihood20. A. survive B. evolve使发展 C. revolve D. extend Unit6 1. A. on B. to C. for D. at 2. A. award B. reward C. awards D. rewards报酬 3. A. though B. so C. if D. worse 4. A. punishment惩罚B. punishC. informationD. judge5. A. detects B. detected C. is detected D. be detected6. A. punished B. unpunished C. punishing7.A. sayB. note记事本C. understandD. calculate 8. A. by accident偶然地instinct C. by intention D. by all accounts 9. A. proof B. evidence C. examine D. inspections检查10. A. surrenders B. reasons C. victims受害者 D. causes 11. A. having to stay B. having stayed C. staying D. of having to stay 12. A. cleared B. revealed显示 C. victims D. causes 13. A. lying B. untruthful C. dishonest不诚实的D. unhonest 14. A. Unlike B. Like C. With D. For 15. A. take B. commit犯罪 C. submit D. perform 16. A. be charged B. charged C. charge D. charging 17. A. depend B. command C. recommend D. demands 18.A. existB. resultC. obtainD. gain 19. A. hesitate犹豫 B. refuse C. stop D. lost 20. A. confidentB. privateC. confidential机密的D. valuable句子翻译Unit 1 essence of a game is the interdependence of player are two distinct types of strategic interdependence:sequential and simultaneous. 博弈的实质是博弈者采取策略之间的相互依赖性。

科技英语复习资料

Unit 1、2 科技英语基础知识resistance 电阻值、current 电流、charge 电荷，充电、circuit 电路、relay 继电器，中继器，中转站、antenna 天线field （电，磁）场、filter 滤波器、coherent 相干的，相关的、burst 脉冲、envelope 包络, 包迹、network 网络、spectrum 频谱、rectifier 整流器、regulator 稳压器、modulator 调制器、flip-flop 触发器、potential 电位、carrier 载波, 载流子、determinant 行列式、line 电线, 电网conductor 导体inductance 电感introduce 引入, 介绍Unit 3 Electrical Technique（电子技术）Passage Binary System and Logic Systems（二进制系统和逻辑系统）1.Binary SystemA digital system functions in a binary manner.It employs devices which exist only in two possible states. A transistor is allowed to operate at cutoff or in saturation, but not in its active region. A node may be at a high voltage of, say, 4±1 V or at a low voltage of, say, 0.2±0.2 V, but no values are allowed. Various designations are used for these two quantized states, and the most common are listed in Table 3.1. In logic, a statement is characterized as true or false, and this is the first binary classification listed in the table. A switch may be closed or open, which is the notation under 9, etc. Binary arithmetic and mathematical manipulation of switching or logic functions are best carried out with classification 3, which involves two symbols, 0(zero) and 1(one).1二进制一个数字系统作用于二进制方式下。

科技英语复习用资料part1

英国电气工程师学会institutionelectricalengineers简称iee美国科学情报研究所institutescientificinformation简称isi核磁共振nuclearmagneticresonance简称nmr聚丙烯酰胺pam17各种组织或机构的缩略词apecasiapacificeconomiccooperation亚太经济合作组织iocinternationalolympiccommittee国际奥林匹克组织isointernationalstandardorganization国际标准化组织opecorganizationpetroleumexportingcountries欧佩克石输出国组织wtoworldtradeorganization世界贸易组织sos村soschildren?svillage一种专门收养孤儿的慈善机构18各种系统的缩略词bbsbulletinboardsystem电子公告牌系统或bulletinboardservice电子公告服务gpsglobalpositioningsystem全球定位系统gsmglobalsystemmobilecommunications全球移动通信系统cimscomputerintegratedmanufacturingsystem计算机集成制造系统dosdiscoperatingsystem磁盘操作系统gmdssglobalmaritimedistresssafetysystem全球海上遇险与安全系itsintelligenttransportationsystem智能交通系统nmdnationalmissiledefense国家导弹防御系统tmdtheatremissiledefense战区导弹防御系统nasdaqnationalassociationsecuritiesdealersautomatedquotation纳斯达克美全国交易商பைடு நூலகம்动报价系统协会19有关职务或学位的缩略词ceochiefexecutiveofficer首席执行官cfochieffinanceofficer首席财务官cgochiefgovernmentofficer首席沟通官ciochiefinformationofficer首席信息官coochiefoperatingofficer首席运营官ctochieftechnologyofficer首席

科技英语综合复习资料

科技英语综合复习资料考试题型：1. 阅读理解，占40分；2. 选择题，20分；3. 完形填空20分；4. 翻译，20分。

Part I Reading ComprehensionDirections:There are twelve passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneIf you have a credit card, you can buy a car, eat a dinner, take a trip, and even get a haircut by charging the cost to your account. In this way you can pay for purchases a month or two later, without any extra charge. Or you may choose to spread out your payments over several months and pay only part of the total amount each month. If you do this, the credit card company or the bank who sponsors the credit card will add a small service charge to your total bill. This is very convenient for the customer. With the credit card in your wallet or purse, you don’t have to carry much cash. This saves your trips to the bank to cash checks or withdraw cash. Also, if you carry credit cards instead of a lot of cash, you don’t have to be concerned about losing your money through carelessness or theft. The card user only has to worry about paying the final bill. This of course can be a problem if you charge more than you can pay for.Credit cards are a big business. Americans spend $16 billion a year on cards and there are already 590 million of them in circulation. Many banks sponsor their own credit companies and issue cards free to their customers. Other credit companies charge their members annual dues. The stores that accept credit cards must pay a small fee to the credit card company — a percentage of purchase price of the merchandise or service. In return, the credit card company promptly pays the store for the merchandise or service. Credit card companies make a profit from the fees they charge the store and also from the fees collected from customers who pay for their charges in monthly installments.However, credit card companies sometimes have problems collecting overdue payments from unreliable customers. Also, the use of stolen, lost, or counterfeit credit cards by criminals has become a big headache for the credit card company that is responsible for the goods and services illegally charged to its customers’ account.Yet, in many ways, the big loser in the credit card system is not the credit card company, the store, or the card user, but rather the general customer. The store makes up for the fees it pays to the credit card company by increasing prices for goods and services. Stores may have more sales if they accept cards, but the added cost to the store when credit cards are accepted instead of cash, is actually passed on to all customers in higher prices. In this way the cash customer suffers for the convenience the credit card customer enjoys.Many feel that it will only be a matter of time before credit cards completely replace cash and checks for both individuals and businesses. In such a credit card economy there would be only one ―super-credit-card-bank-company‖ and each individual would be given his or her card. Each person’s Social Security number would be used as the card number. Firms would use their Federal Identification number. Thus, every individual would be able to pay for everything by credit card —newspapers, cab fares, donations, tools, theater admissions, tuition, children’s allowances, everything. All salary payments would be credited to each individual’s account with the ―super-credit-card-bank-company‖ which would pay one’s bills, deduct state and federal taxes, and deposit what’s left —if anything —into a savings account. Just think of the convenience of getting rid of cash and checks and even eliminating loose change. No need, then, to worry as before, when you wanted to buy a newspaper and you only had a $20 bill.However, with a complete credit card economy, there would still be the problem of thefts of cards, forging of card and lost cards, so the credit card is really not that practical. Something else is needed that is small, always with us, cannot be forged, and easily identifies our account. The answer is your thumbprint; everyone’s thumbprint would be recorded with his or her Social Security number.1. The first paragraph mainly tells us ______.A. how the credit card company worksB. how the credit card company pays the bankC. the advantages of the credit cardD. the disadvantages of the credit card2. According to Paragraph 1, if you have a credit card, you will have to pay a small service charge to ______.A. the credit card companyB. the store where you purchase goodsC. the bank where you deposit moneyD. other customers3. From Paragraph 3 we know that the big loser in the credit card system is ______.A. the general customerB. the storeC. the card userD. the credit card company4. The author thinks that credit cards ______.A. will completely disappear in the futureB. will completely replace cash and checks for both individuals and businesses quicklyC. will completely replace cash and checks for both individuals and businesses sooner or laterD. will not replace cash and checks because there is a matter of time5. From the author’s point of view, the credit card is ______.A. perfect and practicalB. not easily forgedC. still faced with some problems and not so practicalD. more practical than one’s thumbprintPassage TwoSome people argue that the pressure on international sportsmen and sports women kill the essence of sports -- the pursuit of personal excellence. Children kick a football around for fun. When they get older and play for local school teams, they become competitive but they still enjoy playing. The individual representing his country cannot afford to think about enjoying himself; he has to think only about winning. He is responsible for an entire nation's hopes, dream and reputation. A good example is the football World Cup. Football is the world's most important sport. It is even more important now that the United States is seriously taking it up. Winning the World Cup is perhaps the summit of international sporting success. Mention "Argentina‖ to someone and the chances are that he'll think of football. In a sense, winning the World Cup "put Argentina on the map".Sports fans and supporters get quite irrational about the World Cup. People in England felt that their country was somehow important after they won in 1966. Last year thousands of Scots sold their cars, and even their houses, and spent all their money traveling to Argentina, where the finals were played.So, am I arguing that international competition kills the idea of sport? Certainly not! Do the Argentinians really believe that because eleven of their men proved the most skillful at football, their nation is in every sense better than all others? Not really. But it's nice to know that you won, and that in one way at least your country is best.1. What’s the author’s main purpose in the passage ?A) To prove that football is the world's most important sport.B) To show that Argentina is better than all others.C) To compare Scotland with Argentina.D) To explain the role of sport.2. In the second paragraph, the word ―summit‖ means ______.A) highest point B) mountain topC) award D) summary3. According to the passage, Argentina is world-famous because of its ______.A) large number of sports fans and supportersB) success in the football World CupC) obvious position on the mapD) excellence at all important sports4. According to the passage, if a sportsman only thinks about winning, he will ______.A) fail to succeed B) be successfulC) lose enjoyment D) be irrational5. What is the author's attitude towards international games?A) Nations that meet on a football field are unlikely to meet on a battlefield.B) Nations that won football World Cup are regarded best in all aspects.C) Nations that win in international games prove best on the sports field at least.D) Nations that give much attention to international competitions are world-famous in many ways.Passage ThreeAs evidence that the earth’s atmosphere is warming continues to accumulate, scientists are making slow progress toward an answer to the big question raised by the evidence: How much of the warming is due to human activity and how much to natural causes?The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the group of scientists widely considered the most authoritative voice on the subject, has already concluded that there is a ―discernible human influence‖ on the global climate. Now the panel is deep into another of its periodic full-scale scientific assessments of global climate change.Some experts on the problem say the human imprint on climate is becoming clearer, and may even have been the dominant factor in the global warming of recent decades. Not everyone agrees and virtually all experts say that in any case, a reliable estimate of the human imprint’s magnitude still remains some distance off.A number of influences, both natural and man-made, cause the planet’s temperature to vary. The natural ones include changes in solar radiation, and sulfate droplets called aerosols cast aloft by erupting volcanoes, which cool the atmosphere by reflecting sunlight.The human influence stems mostly from emissions of waste industrial gases like carbon dioxide, which trap heat in the atmosphere, and sulfate aerosols from industrial smokestacks.Human factors appeared to be playing a part, but no judgment has been made on whether that part was big, small or in between.One recent piece of evidence suggesting a strong human influence, which seems like to carry some weight with the intergovernmental panel, appeared recently in the journal Nature. Scientists analyzed the global climate record of the last century in an effort to isolate and quantify the major factors producing the century’s rise of about 1 degree Fahrenheit in t he Earth’s average surface temperature.The research team found that in the earlier part of the century, the rise could be explained either by an increase in solar radiation or a combination of stronger solar radiation and heat-trapping greenhouse gases emitted by industrial economies. But they found that after the mid-1970s, when abo ut half the century’s warming took place, that warming resulted largely from the greenhouse gases. Other researchers have lately come to a similar conclusion.―The study represents another jigsaw puzzle piece,‖ said one expert. ―There is still a long way to go in completing the puzzle,‖ he said, ―but we are beginning to see the smile on the face of the Mona Lisa, I think—or perhaps it should be a frown.‖Meanwhile, though, evidence of warming and its effects continues to mount. Earlier this year, scientists at the University of Massachusetts and the University of Arizona reconstructed the average annual surface temperature trend of the Northern Hemisphere for the last 1000 years. While cautioning that margin of error was large enough for render data from the early centuries untrustworthy, they found that 20th century was the warmest of the millennium.This and other analyses have found that the warmest years of all occurred in the 1990s, with 1998 the warmest on record. El Nino, the great pool of warm water in the tropical Pacific Ocean that from time to time heats the atmosphere and disrupts weather patterns, was responsible for some of the 1998 heating. An analysis, however, has shown that when El Nino’s effects are filtered out of the global temperature record statistically, 1998 still ranks as the warmest year.Two studies reported in Nature last month suggest that the warming is being reflected in patterns of wildlife behavior and distribution. In one study, 13 scientists analyzed distribution patterns of 35 species, their range of habitat had shifted northward by 35 to 240 kilometers coincidentally with Europe’s warming trend.In the other study, some British scientists analyzed the nesting habits of 20 species of birds in Britain. They found that, again coincident with a recent warming trend, the birds were laying their eggs earlier in the spring. This is the latest in a series of studies indicating that meteorological spring is coming earlier in the Northern Hemisphere[5]. Some have also shownthat fall is coming later.A third study in Nature reported, on the basis of bubbles of atmospheric gas contained in ice cores extracted from the Antarctic ice sheet, that present-day atmospheric levels of heating-trapping carbon dioxide were higher than at any other time in the last 420000 years. At 360 parts per million, they are 20 percent higher than in any previous warm period between ice ages and double the typical concentrations during an ice age.1. The earth’s atmosphere is warming, ______.A. mainly because of human factorB. mainly because of natural causesC. the reason of which is completely unknownD. which is being studied by scientists2. Maybe sulfate aerosols are all caused by ______.A. erupting volcanoesB. industrial smokestacksC. both A and BD. none of the above3. Which of the following is TRUE?A. About half of the 20th century’s rise in average global climate resulted mostly from the greenhouse gases.B. Half of the 20th century warming took place in the last thirty years.C. The 20th century is the warmest in the last one thousand years.D. All of the above.4. The global climate rise in the earlier part of the 20th century is due to ______.A. an increase in solar radiation onlyB. greenhouse gasesC. eruption of volcanoesD. either an increase in solar radiation or a combination of stronger solar radiation and greenhouse effect5. According to the study of bubbles of atmospheric gas contained in ice cores extracted from the Antarctic ice sheet, we can infer that ______.A. present-day climate is the warmest in historyB. present-day climate is 20 percent hotter than that of the last 420 000 yearsC. present-day climate is twice hotter than that of an ice ageD. in 1998 the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere are the highest on recordPassage FourThe current energy security system was created in response to the 1973 Arab oil embargo to ensure coordination among the industrialized countries in the event of a disruption in supply, encourage collaboration on energy policies, and deter any future use of an ―oil weapon‖ by exporters. Its key elements are the Paris-based International Energy Agency (IEA), whose members are the industrialized countries; strategic stockpiles of oil, including the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserves; continued monitoring and analysis of energy markets and policies; and energy conservation and coordinated emergency sharing of supplies in the event of a disruption. The emergency system was set up to offset major disruptions that threatened the global economy and stability, not to manage prices and the commodity cycle. Since the system’s inception in the 1970s, a coordinated emergency drawdown of strategic stockpiles has occurred only twice: on the eve of the Gulf War in 1991 and in the autumn of 2005 after Hurricane Katrina.Experience has shown that to maintain energy security countries must abide by several principles. The first and most familiar is what Churchill urged more than 90 years ago: diversification of supply. Multiplying one’s supply sources reduces the impact of a disruption in supply from one source by providing alternatives, serving the interests of both consumers and producers, for whom stable markets are a prime concern. But diversification is not enough. A second principle is resilience, a ―security margin‖ in the energy supply system that provides a buffer against shocks and facilitates recovery after disruptions. Resilience can come from many factors, including sufficient spare production capacity, strategic reserves, backup supplies ofequipment, adequate storage capacity along the supply chain, and the stockpiling of critical parts for electric power production and distribution, as well as carefully conceived plans for responding to disruptions that may affect large regions. Hence the third principle: recognizing the reality of integration. There is only one oil market, a complex and worldwide system that moves and consumes about 86 million barrels of oil every day. For all consumers, security resides in the stability of this market. Secession is not an option.A fourth principle is the importance of information. High-quality information underpins well-functioning markets. On an international level, the IEA has led the way in improving the flow of information about world markets and energy prospects. That work is being complemented by the new International Energy Forum, which will seek to integrate information from producers and consumers. Information is no less crucial in a crisis, when consumer panics can be instigated by a mixture of actual disruptions, rumors, and fear. In such situations, governments and the private sector should collaborate to counter panics with high-quality, timely information.As important as these principles are, the past several years have highlighted the need to expand the concept of energy security in two critical dimensions: the recognition of globalization of the energy security system, which can be achieved especially by engaging China and India, and the acknowledgement of the fact that the entire energy supply chain needs to be protected.1. The energy security system was established for the following long-term purpose EXCEPT ______.A. protecting profits of industrialized countries during Arab oil embargoB. making effective coordination among those industrialized countriesC. promoting cooperation in making policies about energyD. preventing oil exporters from using oil as a weapon against other countries2. Which of the following statements about International Energy Agency is NOT true?A. Its headquarter is located in Paris.B. Its members include developed and developing countries.C. It monitors and analyzes the energy market and policies.D. It makes great efforts to save energy and deal with oil disruption.3. The first and foremost thing that both consumers and producers are concerned about is ______.A. various supply sourcesB. stable energy marketsC. the largest profitsD. reasonable prices4. Integration, the third principle to maintain energy security, means to ______.A. recognize the reality of energy shortageB. guarantee the stability of energy marketC. realize the unity of the worldwide marketD. protect one’s independent interests5. The main purpose of this passage is to ______.A. convince readers that energy security is importantB. introduce the major energy organizations of U.S.C. inform readers what the energy security system is likeD. present principles for ensuring energy securityPassage FiveNormally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, thoughthis is not in fact done as a regular practice.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.The Internet seems to have just arrived, so how can we possibly imagine what will replace it? In truth, early versions of the Net have been around since the 1960s and 70s, but only after the mid-1990s did it begin to have a serious public impact. Since 1994, the population of users has grown from about 13 million to more than 300 million around the world.What will the Internet be like 20 years from now?Like the rest of infrastructure, the Internet will eventually seem to disappear by becoming widespread. Most access will probably be via high-speed, low-power radio links. Most handheld, fixed and mobile appliances will be Internet enabled. This trend is already discernible in the form of Internet-enabled cell phones and personal digital assistants. Like the servants of centuries past, our household helpers will chatter with one another and with the outside help.So many appliances, vehicles and buildings will be online by 2020 that it seems likely there will be more things on the Internet than people. Internet-enabled cars and airplanes are coming online, and smart houses are being built every day. Eventually, programmable devices will become so cheap that we will embed them in the cardboard boxes into which we put other things for storage or shipping. These passive ―computers‖ will be activated as they pass sensors and will be able to bo th emit and absorb information. Such innovations will facilitate increasingly automatic manufacturing, inventory control, shipping and distribution. Checkout at the grocery store will be fully automatic, as will payment via your digital wallet.The advent of programmable, mini-scale machines will extend the Internet to things with the size of molecules that can be injected under the skin, leading to Internet-enabled people. Such devices, together with Internet-enabled sensors embedded in clothing, will avoid a hospital stay for medical patients who would otherwise be there only for observation. The speech processor used today in cochlear implants for the hearing impaired could easily be connected to the Internet; listening to Internet radio could soon be a direct computer-to-brain experience!The Internet will undergo substantial alteration as optical technologies allow the transmission of many trillions of bits per second on each Internet’s fiber-optic backbone network. The core of the network will remain optical, and the edges will use a mix of access technologies, ranging from radio and infrared to optical fiber and the old twisted-pair copper telephone lines.By then, the Internet will have been extended, by means of an interplanetary Internet backbone, to operate in outer space.How will this pervasive Internet access affect our daily lives? More and more of the world’s inform ation will be accessible instantly and from virtually anywhere. In an emergency, our health records will be available for remote medical consultation with specialists and perhaps even remote surgery. More and more devices will have access to the global positioning system, increasing the value of geographically indexed databases. Using GPS with speech-understanding software that is emerging today, we will be able to get directions from our Internet as easily as we once got them at a filling station.Is there any downside to a society suffused with information and the tools to process it?Privacy will come at a premium. Enormous quantities of data about our daily affairs will flow across the Internet, working to make our lives easier. Despite our preference for giving up privacy in exchange for convenience, our experiences online may make us yearn for the anonymity of the past. Who should have access to our medical records and our financial information, and how will that access be controlled? Will we be able to search and use the vast information stored online without leaving trails across the Net? How will business transactions be taxed, and in what jurisdictions will disputed electronic transactions be resolved? How will intellectual property be protected? How will we prove that contracts were signed on a certain date, or that their terms and conditions have not been electronically altered? There are technical answers for many of these questions, but some will require international agreements before they can be resolved.Perhaps even more daunting, in the face of Internet-wide virus attacks, is the realization that we will depend in larger and larger measure on the network’s functioning reliably. Making this system of millions of networks robust is a challe nge for the present generation of Internet engineers. But I am an optimist and believe we are going to live in a world abundantwith information and with the tools needed to use it wisely.1. The main idea the author tries to convey is that ______.A. the Internet has already arrivedB. the Internet began to have a serious impact in 1990sC. the Internet is getting more and more popularD. the Internet is developing fast ever since its appearance2. The Internet might seem to disappear because most access to the Internet is probably realized by ______.A. high-speed, low-power radio linksB. handheld mobile appliancesC. internet-enabled cell phonesD. personal digital assistants3. The Internet will have a significant change thanks to optical technology, which ______.A. will make the Internet access more flexibleB. will make the Internet transmission more rapidlyC. will make the Internet communication more convenientD. will make the Internet more useful in our life4. The primary concern of online experience is ______.A. privacyB. convenienceC. pricingD. conflict5. The author’s attitude toward the future of the Internet is ______.A. doubtfulB. cheerfulC. biasedD. depressedPassage SixI spent some of the most exciting days of my life wor king on the eastern shores of Kenya’s Lake Turkana, searching for the fossilized remains of our early ancestors. We did not always find what we wanted, but every day there was much more to discover than the traces of our own predecessors. The fossils, some quite complete, others mere fragments, spoke of another world in which the ancestors of many of today’s African mammals roamed in the rich grassland and forest fringes between 1.5 million and 2 million years ago. The environment was not too different from the wetter grasslands of Africa today, but it was full of amazing animals that are now long extinct.One in particular I would have loved to see alive was a short-necked giraffe relative that had huge ―antlers‖, some with a span across the horns of close to almost 3 meters. There were buffalo-size antelopes with massive curving horns, carnivores that must have looked like saber-toothed lions, two distinct species of hippo and at least two types of elephants. We may never know the full extent of this incredible mammalian diversity, but there were probably more than twice as many species a million years ago as there are today.That was true not just for Africa. The fossil record tells the same story everywhere. Most of life’s experiments have ended in extinction. It is estimated that more than 95% of the species that have existed over the past 600 million years are gone.So, should we be concerned about the current spasm of extinction, which has been accelerated by the inexorable expansion of agriculture and industry? Is it necessary to try to slow down a process that has been going on forever?I believe it is. We know that the well-being of human race is tied to the well-being of many other species, and we can’t be sure which species are most important to our own survival.But dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter, since much of the world’s biodiversity resides in its poorest nations, especially in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Can such countries justify setting aside national parks and nature reserves where human encroachment and even access is forbidden? Is it legitimate to spend large sums of money to save。

科技英语复习资料

科技英语复习资料太原理工大学复习资料（你懂的）（本版原题不多）一：下面这些论文标题是否合适？如果不合适，请修改：1、Study on Emission of Glasshouse Gases during Coking Process（合适）2、Methods for preparing and monitoring of heavy media in coal beneficiation（合适）3、Experimental mine and laboratory dust explosion research at NIOSH（合适）4、Bioclogging effects in anturated porous media within one- and two-dimensional flow systems are compared（错误）（改为comparison of Bioclogging effects in anturated porous media within one- and two-dimensional flow systems ）5、Methods for preparing and monitoring of heavy media in coal beneficiation （合适）6、Electromagnetic Fields Have Harmful Effects on Humans （错误）（Have是动词，改为Harmful Effrcts of Electromagnetic Fields on Humans。

7、A characterisitic floation cleaning index for fine coal is developed（错误）（改为Development of +A characterisitic floation cleaning index for fine coal ）8、Development and prospect of classification technology and equipment（合适）9、Research and Designing of Distance Education based on JEE.（合适）10、Auditory Perspectives(透视) of Different Types of Music （合适）11、Electromagnetic Fields Have Harmful Effects on Humans改为Harmful Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Humans12、How to Use Water Resources for Irrigation in Semiarid(半干旱) Land 改为Using Water Resources for Irrigation in Semiarid Land13、Water Quality Can Be Protected Through the Successful Integration of Research and Education改为Protecting Water Quality Through the Successful Integration of Research and Education14、The Single Community Concept：A Model for Adult Environmental Education （合适）15、Physics and Art：Conceptual Linkages Can Be Uncovered改为 Physics and Art： Uncovering Conceptual Linkages16、Yellow Fever‘s(黄热病)Effect on Transportation and Commerce（合适）17、Diamond Is Used for Electronic Devices 改为Use of Diamond for Electric Devices （合适）18、The Nature of Student Science Project Is Compared with Educational Goals for Science改为 The Nature of Student Science Projects in Comparison to Educational Goals for Science19、 A Qualitative / Quantitative Analysis of the Administrative Management Institute at Cornell University （合适）20、The Americans With Disability Act and Its Applicability to the Mentally Ⅲ，Human Immune-Deficiency Virus and Acquired(后天的) Immune Deficiency Syndrome(综合症) Populations： A Statistical Analysis改为The Americans With Disability Act and Its Applicabilityto the Mentally Ill，HIV and AIDS Populations：A Statistical Analysis 二：文献类型及代码1、专著【M】2、论文集【C】3、期刊文章【J】4、学位论文【D】5、报告【R】6、专利【P】（老师没说）报告一般不会考；连续出版物（期刊），专著，学位论文，会议论文（论文集）必考1、T.Neese,J.Dueck.Air core formation in the hydrocylone Journal of Minerals Engineering ,2007,20:348-354文献类型：【J】连续出版物特点：1.Journal of 。

科技英语复习资料

科技英语复习资料（来源：老师授课用PPT）一．汉译英1.本文介绍了热能制冷技术和燃料电池的工作原理及其特点。

针对燃料电池汽车余热浪费大的特点，提出了利用其余热制冷为燃料电池汽车空调提供冷源的方法，并对其可行性进行了研究。

This paper introduces the work principles and features of fuel cell as well as refrigeration technique driven by heat energy. Considering the present fact that a large amount of heat of fuel cell automobile is wasted, this paper proposes the program of providing the cold source for the automobile air-conditioner with the refrigeration driven by the wasted heat and studies the feasibility of it.2.只有通过对该系统性能的研究，我们才能了解它的优点。

Only through the study of the performance of the system, we can understand its advantages.3.叶片装在铣床上。

Vanes stand on the milling machine.4.十五年前，电子战在朝鲜战争中偶有应用。

Fifteen years ago, electronic warfare saw only sparse service in Korea.5.如果我们测得地震波的走时和振幅，我们就能够确定地下的几何形状并估算与岩石速度和密度有关的声阻抗。

科技英语复习资料

一、标题（翻译自己找笔记）1. Auditory Perspectives of Different Types of Music2. Harmful Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Humans3. Using Water Resources for Irrigation in Semiarid Land4. Protecting Water Quality Through the Successful Integration of Research and Education5. The Single Community Concept: A Model for Adult Environmental Education6. Physics and Art: Uncovering Conceptual Linkages7. Use of Diamond for Electric Devices8. Yellow Fever's Effect on Transportation and Commerce9. The Nature of Student Science Projects in Comparison to Educational Goals for Science10. A Qualitative / Quantitative analysis of the Administrative Management Institute at Comell University11.The Americans With Disability Act and Its Applicability to the Mentally Ill, Human Immune-Deficiency Virus and AIDS Populations: A Statistical Analysis句子(1) The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery.医生迅速到达，非常仔细地检查了病人，(因此) 病人很快就康复了。

科技英语考试资料

科技英语考试资料A(13)1.Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。

2.An understanding of essential character of scientific investigation is best acquired from the study of a representative particular science.要了解科学研究最本质的特点，最好是对特定的典型学科进行研究。

3.As we know, all matters consist of molecules, and molecules of atoms.众所周知，一切物质由分子组成，而分子由原子组成。

4.All of this proves that we must have a profound study of properties of proteins.所有这一切证明，我们必须深入地研究蛋白质特性。

5.A new kind of computer –small, cheap, fine—is attracting increasing attention.一种新型的计算机越来越引起人们的注意——这种计算机体积小巧，价格低廉，性能优越。

6.A computer system consists of a computer and some peripherals.计算机系统是由计算机和一些外部设备构成的。

7.Adverse to iron，mercury is in a liquid state at ordinary temperature.水银与铁不同，在常温下是液态。

8.AC can be changed into DC with great ease.交流电可以极其容易地被转变成直流电。

科技英语复习资料

《科技英语》综合复习资料题型题量及分值安排：Part I Reading Comprehension两篇文章10道选择题每题2分，共计20分Part II V ocabulary and Structure20道选择题，每题1分，共计20分Part III Cloze一篇文章20道题目，每题0.5分，共计10分Part IV Blank-filling10个英文句子，每题2分，共计20分根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词Part V Translation5个英语句子翻译成汉语，每题3分，共计15分Part VI Translation5个汉语句子翻译成英语，每题3分，共计15分要求用括弧中给定的英语短语完成。

Part I Reading ComprehensionPassage 1Geology is a natural science. With it men can discover all kinds of useful minerals. Geology studies the earth. But of the three spheres, the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the lithosphere, it only directly studies the lithosphere. It studies the composition and distribution of material in the earth’s crust. It studies also the formation, changes and development of rocks and minerals in the earth’s crust.Geology is a very complex science. There are many branches in geology. Mineralogy is the science of the minerals. Petrology is the science of the rocks. Geomorphology deals with origin of landscapes and changes in them. Historical geology traces the evolution and development of the earth and of the animals and plants on it. Stratigraphy studies the sequence of the rocks in the earth’s crust. Paleontology deals with the ancient animals and plants. These are just a few of the most important branches of geology.Geology is a very important science. We depend upon geology for the discovery of mineral deposits needed by the various industries. A lot of minerals are used as fuel and raw materials. Without them industrialization is impossible. Minerals are also used as fertilizers in agriculture. China is very rich in mineral deposits of all kinds. The study of geology will help us to discover them.Petroleum occurs widely in the earth as gas, liquid, semisolid, or solid, or in more than one of these states at a single place. Chemically any petroleum is an extremely complex mixture of hydrocarbon (hydrogen and carbon) compounds, with minor amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur as impurities. Liquid petroleum, which is called crude oil to distinguish it from refined oil, is the most important commercially. It consists chiefly of the liquid hydrocarbons, with varying amounts of dissolved gases, bitumens, and impurities.Petroleum gas, commonly called natural gas to distinguish it from manufactured gas,consists of the lighter paraffin hydrocarbons, of which the most abundant is methane gas (CH4). The semisolid and solid forms of petroleum consist of the heavy hydrocarbons and bitumens.Geology plays an important role in the search for oil and natural gas. Four prerequisites are necessary for oil (and gas) to accumulate in commercial quantities in an area: (1) The oil originates in a source bed, and a marine shale, once a black mud rich in organic compounds, is thought to be a common source rock. (2) The oil then migrates to a permeable reservoir rock, and to do this it may travel for long distances both vertically and horizontally. Oil cannot move through the tiny openings of the shale source beds rapidly enough to be extracted profitably. (3) A nonpermeable layer must occur above a reservoir bed. Since oil is lighter than water, it tends to move upward through openings and cracks until it encounters impervious beds that it cannot penetrate. The oil may then accumulate beneath the impervious layers. Some gas occurs in solution within the oil, and if enough is present it separates out to occupy the uppermost region of such a trap. (4) A favorable structure must exist to concentrate the oil and anticlines, salt plugs, and faults are common examples. A fault zone may itself be impervious, or faulting may have shifted an impervious bed so that it now blocks a reservoir bed. Stratigraphic traps tend to be more difficult to locate and may form where tilted reservoir beds are overlain unconformably by impervious layers or where the reservoir beds become thinner up-dip and wedge out within enclosing impervious beds. Thus oil that was once distributed in sparse amounts throughout a very large volume of rock may now be richly concentrated within the uppermost portions of favorable reservoir rocks.The task of the geologist is the location of promising structures in regions where rocks are favorable for the occurrence of the other prerequisites. Drilling a hole is then the only known method of determining whether or not oil is present in the structure.1. What is mainly dealt with in the passage?A. The formation of oil.B. The formation of rocks.C. The general introduction of geology.D. The roles of geology in finding oil.2. Geology is a natural science and it does NOT study______.A. the minerals in the earth’s crustB. the rocks in the earth’s crustC. the evolution and development of the earthD. the origin of the atmosphere surrounding the earth3. One prerequisite for oil to accumulate in quantity is that the oil originates in ______.A. a source rockB. a black mudC. the seawaterD. organic compounds4. In the formation of oil, a nonpermeable layer above a reservoir bed is necessary because it can ______.A. accelerate the travel speed of the oilB. hinder the oil to move upwardC. help the oil to move upwardD. help people to discover the oil5. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Drilling a hole is one of the known methods of determining whether or not oil is present inthe structure.B. A geologist usually tries to locate promising structures in regions where rocks are favorablefor the occurrence of the other prerequisites.C. An unfavorable structure must exist to concentrate the oil.D. A permeable layer must occur above a reservoir bed.Passage 2In order to talk about the nature of the universe and to discuss questions such as whether it has a beginning or an end, you have to be clear about what a scientific theory is. I shall take the simple-minded view that a theory is just a model of the universe, or a restricted part of it, and a set of rules that relate quantities in the model to observations that we make.It exists only in our minds and does not have any other reality. A theory is a good theory if it satisfies two requirements. It must accurately describe a large class of observations on the basis of a model that contains only a few arbitrary elements, and it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations.For example, Aristotle’s theory that everything was made out of four elements, earth, air, fire, and water, was simple enough to qualify, but it did not make any definite predictions. On the other hand, Newton’s theory of gravity was based on an even simpler model, in which bodie s attracted each other with a force that was proportional to a quantity called their mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Yet it predicts the motion of the sun, the moon, and the planets to a high degree of accuracy.Any physical theory is always provisional, in the sense that it is only a hypothesis: you can never prove it. No matter how many times the results of experiments agree with some theory, you can never be sure that the next time the result will not contradict the theory. On the other hand, you can disprove a theory by finding even a single observation that disagrees with the predictions of the theory. In practice, what often happens is that a new theory that is devised is really an extension of the previous theory.The eventual goal of science is to provide a single theory that describes the whole universe. However, the approach most scientists actually follow is to separate the problem into two parts. First, there are the laws that tell us how the universe changes with time. If we know what the universe is like at any one time, these physical laws tell us how it will look at any later time. Second, there is the question of the initial state of the universe. Some people feel that science should be concerned with only the first part; they regard the question of the initial situation as a matter for religion. They would say that God could have started the universe off any way he wanted. That may be so, but in that case he also could have made it develop in a completely arbitrary way. Yet it appears that he chose to make it evolve in a very regular way according to certain laws. It therefore seems equally reasonable to suppose that there are also laws governing the initial state.It turns out to be very difficult to devise a theory to describe the universe all in one go. Instead, we break the problem up into bits and invent a number of partial theories. Each of these partial theories describes and predicts a certain limited class of observations, neglecting the effects of other quantities, or representing them by simple sets of numbers. It may be that this approach is completely wrong. If everything in the universe depends on everything else in a fundamental way, it might be impossible to get close to a full solution by investigating parts of the problem in isolation. Nevertheless, it is certainly the way that we have made progress in the past. The classical example is the Newtonian theory of gravity, which tells us that the gravitational force between two bodies depends only on one number associated with each body, its mass, but isotherwise independent of what the bodies are made of. Thus one does not need to have a theory of the structure and constitution of the sun and the planets in order to calculate their orbits.Today scientists describe the universe on terms of two basic partial theories —the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. They are the great intellectual achievements of the first half of this century. The general theory of relativity describes the force of gravity and the large-scale structure of the universe. Quantum mechanics, on the other hand, deals with phenomena on extremely small scales, such as a millionth of a millionth of an inch. Unfortunately, however, these two theories are known to be inconsistent with each other — they cannot both be correct. One of the major endeavors in physics today, is the search for a new theory that will incorporate them both — a quantum theory of gravity. We do not yet have such a new theory, and we may still be a long way from having one, but we do already know many of the properties that it must have.6. According to the author, a theory is all of the following EXCEPT for ______.A. a model of the universeB. a restricted part of the universeC. a set of rulesD. a reality7. The difference between Aristotle’s theory and Newton’s theory is ______.A. Aristotle’s theory can describe a large class of observations, while Newton’s cannot.B. Newton’s theory can describe a large class of observations, while Aristotle’s cannot.C. Aristotle’s theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Newton’scannot.D. Newton’s theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Aristotle’scannot.8. The approach adopted by most scientists to devise a theory to describe the universe is_________.A. to break the problem up into bits and invent a number of partial theoriesB. to invent one theory to describe the whole universeC. to combine general theory of relativity with quantum mechanicsD. to study the origin of the universe9．It is described in Newton’s theory of gravity that bodies attracted each other with a force which is ______.A. inversely proportional to their massB.inversely proportional to the square of the distance between themC. proportional to the square of the distance between themD. proportional to the constitution of them10．According the passage, the great intellectual achievements of the first half of the 20th century are ______.A. Newton’s theory of gravity and the general theory of relativityB. Newton’s theory of gravity and quantum mechanicsC. the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanicsD. the general theory of relativity and the quantum theory of gravityPassage 3The current energy security system was created in response to the 1973 Arab oil embargo toensure coordination among the industrialized countries in the event of a disruption in supply, encourage collaboration on energy policies, and deter any future use of an “oil weapon”by exporters. Its key elements are the Paris-based International Energy Agency (IEA), whose members are the industrialized countries; strategic stockpiles of oil, including the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserves; continued monitoring and analysis of energy markets and policies; and energy conservation and coordinated emergency sharing of supplies in the event of a disruption. The emergency system was set up to offset major disruptions that threatened the global economy and stability, not to manage prices and the commodity cycle. Since the system’s inception in the 1970s, a coordinated emergency drawdown of strategic stockpiles has occurred only twice: on the eve of the Gulf War in 1991 and in the autumn of 2005 after Hurricane Katrina.Experience has shown that to maintain energy security countries must abide by several principles. The first and most familiar is what Churchill urged more than 90 years ago: diversification of supply. Multiplying one’s supply sources reduces the impact of a disruption in supply from one source by providing alternatives, serving the interests of both consumers and producers, for whom stable markets are a prime concern. But diversification is not enough. A second principle is resilience, a “security margin”in the energy supply system that provides a buffer against shocks and facilitates recovery after disruptions. Resilience can come from many factors, including sufficient spare production capacity, strategic reserves, backup supplies of equipment, adequate storage capacity along the supply chain, and the stockpiling of critical parts for electric power production and distribution, as well as carefully conceived plans for responding to disruptions that may affect large regions. Hence the third principle: recognizing the reality of integration. There is only one oil market, a complex and worldwide system that moves and consumes about 86 million barrels of oil every day. For all consumers, security resides in the stability of this market. Secession is not an option.A fourth principle is the importance of information. High-quality information underpins well-functioning markets. On an international level, the IEA has led the way in improving the flow of information about world markets and energy prospects. That work is being complemented by the new International Energy Forum, which will seek to integrate information from producers and consumers. Information is no less crucial in a crisis, when consumer panics can be instigated by a mixture of actual disruptions, rumors, and fear. In such situations, governments and the private sector should collaborate to counter panics with high-quality, timely information.As important as these principles are, the past several years have highlighted the need to expand the concept of energy security in two critical dimensions: the recognition of globalization of the energy security system, which can be achieved especially by engaging China and India, and the acknowledgement of the fact that the entire energy supply chain needs to be protected.11. The energy security system was established for the following long-term purpose EXCEPT ______.A. protecting profits of industrialized countries during Arab oil embargoB. making effective coordination among those industrialized countriesC. promoting cooperation in making policies about energyD. preventing oil exporters from using oil as a weapon against other countries12. Which of the following statements about International Energy Agency is NOT true?A. Its headquarter is located in Paris.B.Its members include developed and developing countries.C. It monitors and analyzes the energy market and policies.D. It makes great efforts to save energy and deal with oil disruption.13. The first and foremost thing that both consumers and producers are concerned about is ______.A. various supply sourcesB. stable energy marketsC. the largest profitsD. reasonable prices14. Integration, the third principle to maintain energy security, means to ______.A. recognize the reality of energy shortageB. guarantee the stability of energy marketC.realize the unity of the worldwide marketD. protect one’s independent interests15. The main purpose of this passage is to ______.A. convince readers that energy security is importantB. introduce the major energy organizations of U.S.C. inform readers what the energy security system is likeD. present principles for ensuring energy securityPassage 4I spent some of the most exciting days of my life working on the eastern shores of Kenya’s Lake Turkana, searching for the fossilized remains of our early ancestors. We did not always find what we wanted, but every day there was much more to discover than the traces of our own predecessors. The fossils, some quite complete, others mere fragments, spoke of another world in which the ancestors of many of today’s African mammals roamed in the rich grassland and forest fringes between 1.5 million and 2 million years ago. The environment was not too different from the wetter grasslands of Africa today, but it was full of amazing animals that are now long extinct.One in particular I would have loved to see alive was a short-necked giraffe relative that had huge “antlers”, some with a span across the horns of close to almost 3 meters. There were buffalo-size antelopes with massive curving horns, carnivores that must have looked like saber-toothed lions, two distinct species of hippo and at least two types of elephants. We may never know the full extent of this incredible mammalian diversity, but there were probably more than twice as many species a million years ago as there are today.That was true not just for Africa. The fossil record tells the same story everywhere. Most of life’s experiments have ended in extinction. It is estimated that more than 95% of the species that have existed over the past 600 million years are gone.So, should we be concerned about the current spasm of extinction, which has been accelerated by the inexorable expansion of agriculture and industry? Is it necessary to try to slow down a process that has been going on forever?I believe it is. We know that the well-being of human race is tied to the well-being of many other species, and we can’t be sure which species are most important to our own survival.But dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter, since much of the world’s biodiversity resides in its poorest nations, especially in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Can such countries justify setting aside national parks and nature reserves where human encroachment and even access is forbidden? Is it legitimate to spend large sums of money to save some species —be it an elephant or an orchid —in a nation in which a sizable percentage of the people are living below the poverty line?Such questions make me uneasy about promoting wildlife conservation in impoverished nations. Nonetheless, I believe that we can —and should —do a great deal. It’s a matter of changing priorities. Plenty of money is available for scientific field studies and conferences on endangering species. But what about boots and vehicles for park personnel who protect wildlife from poachers? What about development aid to give local people economic alternatives to cutting forests and plowing over the land? That kind of funding is difficult to come by.People in poor countries should not be asked to choose between their own short-term survival and long-term environmental needs. If their governments are willing to protect the environment, the money needed should come from international sources. To me, the choice is clear. Either the more affluent world helps now or the world as a whole will lose out.Of course, we must be careful not to allow the establishment of slush funds or rely on short-term, haphazard handouts that the world would probably go to waste. We need a permanent global endowment devoted to wildlife protection, funded primarily by the governments of the industrial nations and international aid agencies. The principal could remain invested in the donor nations as the interest flowed steadily into conservation efforts.How to use those funds would be a matter of endless debate. Should local communities be entitled to set the agenda, or should outside experts take control? Should limited hunting be allowed in parks, or should they be put off limits? Mistakes will be made, the landscape will keep changing, and species will still be lost, but the difficulty of the task should not lead us to abandon hope. Many of the planet’s natural habitats are gone forever, bur many others can be sav ed and in time restored.A major challenge for the 21st century is to preserve as much of our natural estate as possible. Let us resist with all our efforts any moves to reduce the amount of wild land available for wild species. And let us call upon the world’s richest nations to provide the money to make that possible. That would not be a contribution to charity; it would be an investment in the future of humanity —and all life on Earth.16. The purpose of the author’s work on the eastern shores of Lake Turkana was ______.A. to discover the fossil history of African mammalsB. to search for the traces of the extinct animal speciesC. to discover the fossils of human being’s predecessorsD. to study the fragments of the fossils of the ancestors of African mammals17. The following is true EXCEPT ______.A. The welfare of the human species is bound up with that of the other species.B. Human development in agriculture and industry speeds up the process of distinction of somespecies.C. Fossil history suggests that 95% of the species will be a failure in their struggles for survival.D. The process of the extinction of species seems to be going on ceaselessly.18. To which of the following would the author probably say “No”?A. Should we be concerned about the extinction of the species, which has been accelerated bythe expansion of agriculture and industry?B. Should a nation, most of whose people are still living below the poverty line, spend largesums of money to preserve species?C. Is it necessary to provide woodcutters in poverty-stricken nations with the economicalternatives to making a living on cutting down trees?D. Is it necessary to change our priorities and provide more equipment and support for wildlifeprotection personnel?19. The author’s main purpose of writing this article is ______.A. to champion a global fund mainly from the affluent nations and international efforts topreserve the wildlifeB. to warn the rich nations against the losing out in protecting the global environmentC. to persuade the impoverished people to sacrifice their short-term benefit for long-termprotection of the biodiversityD. to take into account the difficulty of wildlife protection and stop endless debate20. The author’s attitude towards preserving the natural habitats is ______.A. uncertainB. positiveC. hopelessD. uneasyPassage 5The Internet seems to have just arrived, so how can we possibly imagine what will replace it? In truth, early versions of the Net have been around since the 1960s and 70s, but only after the mid-1990s did it begin to have a serious public impact. Since 1994, the population of users has grown from about 13 million to more than 300 million around the world.What will the Internet be like 20 years from now?Like the rest of infrastructure, the Internet will eventually seem to disappear by becoming widespread. Most access will probably be via high-speed, low-power radio links. Most handheld, fixed and mobile appliances will be Internet enabled. This trend is already discernible in the form of Internet-enabled cell phones and personal digital assistants. Like the servants of centuries past, our household helpers will chatter with one another and with the outside help.So many appliances, vehicles and buildings will be online by 2020 that it seems likely there will be more things on the Internet than people. Internet-enabled cars and airplanes are coming online, and smart houses are being built every day. Eventually, programmable devices will become so cheap that we will embed them in the cardboard boxes into which we put other things for storage or shipping. These passive “computers” will be activated as they pass sensors and will be able to both emit and absorb information. Such innovations will facilitate increasingly automatic manufacturing, inventory control, shipping and distribution. Checkout at the grocery store will be fully automatic, as will payment via your digital wallet.The advent of programmable, mini-scale machines will extend the Internet to things with the size of molecules that can be injected under the skin, leading to Internet-enabled people. Such devices, together with Internet-enabled sensors embedded in clothing, will avoid a hospital stay for medical patients who would otherwise be there only for observation. The speech processor used today in cochlear implants for the hearing impaired could easily be connected to the Internet; listening to Internet radio could soon be a direct computer-to-brain experience!The Internet will undergo substantial alteration as optical technologies allow the transmission of many trillions of bits per second on each Internet’s fiber-optic backbone network. The core of the network will remain optical, and the edges will use a mix of access technologies, ranging from radio and infrared to optical fiber and the old twisted-pair copper telephone lines.By then, theInternet will have been extended, by means of an interplanetary Internet backbone, to operate in outer space.How will this pervasive Internet access affect our daily lives? More and more of the world’s information will be accessible instantly and from virtually anywhere. In an emergency, our health records will be available for remote medical consultation with specialists and perhaps even remote surgery. More and more devices will have access to the global positioning system, increasing the value of geographically indexed databases. Using GPS with speech-understanding software that is emerging today, we will be able to get directions from our Internet as easily as we once got them at a filling station.Is there any downside to a society suffused with information and the tools to process it?Privacy will come at a premium. Enormous quantities of data about our daily affairs will flow across the Internet, working to make our lives easier. Despite our preference for giving up privacy in exchange for convenience, our experiences online may make us yearn for the anonymity of the past. Who should have access to our medical records and our financial information, and how will that access be controlled? Will we be able to search and use the vast information stored online without leaving trails across the Net? How will business transactions be taxed, and in what jurisdictions will disputed electronic transactions be resolved? How will intellectual property be protected? How will we prove that contracts were signed on a certain date, or that their terms and conditions have not been electronically altered? There are technical answers for many of these questions, but some will require international agreements before they can be resolved.Perhaps even more daunting, in the face of Internet-wide virus attacks, is the realization that we will depend in larger and larger measure on the network’s functioning relia bly. Making this system of millions of networks robust is a challenge for the present generation of Internet engineers. But I am an optimist and believe we are going to live in a world abundant with information and with the tools needed to use it wisely.21. The main idea the author tries to convey is that ______.A. the Internet has already arrivedB. the Internet began to have a serious impact in 1990sC. the Internet is getting more and more popularD. the Internet is developing fast ever since its appearance22. The Internet might seem to disappear because most access to the Internet is probably realized by ______.A. high-speed, low-power radio linksB. handheld mobile appliancesC. internet-enabled cell phonesD. personal digital assistants23. The Internet will have a significant change thanks to optical technology, which ______.A. will make the Internet access more flexibleB. will make the Internet transmission more rapidlyC. will make the Internet communication more convenientD. will make the Internet more useful in our life24. The primary concern of online experience is ______.A. privacyB. convenienceC. pricingD. conflict25. The author’s attitude toward the future of the Internet is ______.。

110107《科技英语》综合复习资料(1)

《科技英语》综合复习资料一、单选题1. There are scientific satellites in __________ that measure wave heights, but too few to give reliable worldwidecoverage.A. markB. orbitC. storeD. line2. The first-year courses provide short introductions to these areas, while the second-year courses __________ theareas in greater depth.A. classifyB. investigateC. clearD. examine3. Their marriage was in danger of breaking up last year but it seems quite ______ now.A. favourableB. criticalC. profitableD. stable4. Linda didn’t like the work because it lacked __________; she was doing the same thing all the time.A. vietyB. variousC. varietyD. variation5. She wanted to ask him all about his private life, but wisely __________ herself.A. rescuedB. holdC. restrainedD. curb6. After he was attacked, he managed to __________ to the phone and call for help.A. poundB. stabberC. turnD. stagger7. The issue was whether or not the bacteria (细菌) in his body would __________ the local ecosystem.A. breakB. balanceC. contaminateD. contain8. Why don’t you do something about your room, it’s really a ______.A. humpB. dumpC. bumpD. lump9. You will find how to help your child to develop good habits and how to ______ with the bad ones that can cause so much embarrassment and distress.A. dealB. agreeC. calculateD. endeavor10. We’ve worked out a method by which our production can be raised on a large ______.A. quantityB. scaleC. qualityD. proportion11. It is a universal ______ that man is different from all the other animals because man can communicate witheach other by means of language.A. admissionB. permissionC. acknowledgementD. advancement12. Due to the limited seating _____ of the hall, merely about 700 journalists were present for the pressconference.A. capacityB. capabilityC. possibilityD. probability13. The police are trying to find out the ______ of the woman killed in the traffic accident.A. evidenceB. recognitionB. status D. identity14. One cause of the current food crisis is ______ and food prices are high in part because of the dry weather inthese places.A. floodB. coughC. roughD. drought15. The news slowly __________ through to everyone in the office; finally everybody felt worried about theuncertainty of the future.A. meltedB. frozeC. filteredD. flowed16. We do remember your initial objections, but unfortunately you didn’t place them ______.A. in registerB. to documentC. in betweenD. on record17. The cost may be lower than we first thought, but ______ it will still be quite substantial.A. in no caseB. in any caseC. in case ofD. in case18. Sometimes you can _______ valuable antiques by chance –for example when you’re clearing out an oldbuilding.A. come byB. come inC. come outD. come down19. Obviously you came here intending to _______ the United States and you will need a work visa.A. rest withB. resort toC. render intoD. reside in20. When he applied for a ______ in the office of the local newspaper he was told to see the manager.A. positionB. locationC. professionD. career二、阅读理解Passage 1As evidence that the Earth’s atmosphere is warming continues to accumulate, scientists are making slow progress toward an answer to the big question raised by the evidence: How much of the warming is due to human activity and how much to natural causes?The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the group of scientists widely considered the most authoritative voice on the subject, has already concluded that there is a “discernible human influence” on the global climate. Now the panel is deep into another of its periodic full-scale scientific assessments of global climate change.Some experts on the problem say the human imprint on climate is becoming clearer, and may even have been the dominant factor in the global warming of recent decades. Not everyone agrees and virtually all experts say that in any case, a reliable estimate of the human imprint’s magnitude still remains some distance off.A number of influences, both natural and man-made, cause the planet’s temperature to vary. The natural ones include changes in solar radiation, and sulfate droplets called aerosols cast aloft by erupting volcanoes, which cools the atmosphere by reflecting sunlight.The human influence stems mostly from emissions of waste industrial gases like carbon dioxide, which trap heat in the atmosphere, and sulfate aerosols from industrial smokestacks.Human factors appeared to be playing a part, but no judgment has been made on whether that part was big, small or in between.One recent piece of evidence suggesting a strong human influence, which seems likely to carry some weight with the intergovernmental panel, appeared recently in the journal Nature. Scientists analyzed the global climate record of the last century in an effort to isolate and quantify the major factors producing the century’s rise of about 1 degree Fahrenheit in the Earth’s average surface temperature.The research team found that in the earlier part of the century, the rise could be explained either by an increase in solar radiation or a combination of stronger solar radiation and heat-trapping greenhouse gases emitted by industrial economies. But they found that after the mid-1970s, when about half the century’s warming took place, the warming resulted largely from the greenhouse gases.Meanwhile, evidence of warming and its effects continues to mount. Earlier this year, scientists at the University of Massachusetts and the University of Arizona reconstructed the average annual surface temperature trend of the Northern Hemisphere for the last 1000 years. They found that the 20th century was the warmest of the millennium and that the warmest years of all occurred in the 1990s, with 1998 the warmest on record.1.The earth’s atmosphere is warming, ______.A.mainly because of human factorB.mainly because of natural causesC.the reason of which is unknownD.which is being studied by scientists2.Maybe sulfate aerosols are all caused by ______.A.erupting volcanoesB.industrial smokestacksC.both A and BD.none of the above3.In the 20th century the global climate has risen by ______.A.20%B.about 1 degree FahrenheitC. 1 degree centigradeD.We have no idea about this.4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.About half of the 20th century’s rise in average global climate resulted mostly from the greenhousegases.B.Half of the 20th century’s warming took place in the last thirty years.C.The 20th century is the warmest in the last 1000 years.D.All of the above.5.The global climate rise in the earlier part of the 20th century is due to ______.A.an increase in solar radiation onlyB.greenhouse gasesC.eruption of volcanoesD.either an increase in solar radiation or a combination of stronger solar radiation and greenhouse gases Passage 2The Sino-foreign joint ventures should export their products and earn foreign exchange as much as possible to balance their foreign exchange income and expenditure. With a view to encouraging foreign investors to establish technology-intensive and knowledge-intensive joint ventures in China and bring in advanced technological processes, technology, equipment, materials and scientific management skills that suit China, some joint ventures may sell a part or most part of their products in China with the approval of relevant Chinese departments. The products are: (1) products which are produced with advanced equipment, technology and technological processes and are short in supply in China; (2) Products that can replace China’s traditional imports;(3) products that are better than their Chinese counterparts in terms of quality, property, varieties and specifications.The following measures are taken to balance the foreign exchange income and expenditure of joint ventures.With the approval of the State Foreign Exchange Control Administration, joint ventures are allowed to receive a certain amount of foreign exchange when selling their products in China.After being approved, foreign investors are allowed to buy goods in China with their profits in Renminbi (RMB) for export. But the export of those goods managed by the state through export quota and export license must be approved by the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade.Foreign investors are allowed, in accordance with the relevant regulations of “The Law of the People’s Republic of China on Joint Ventures Using Chinese and Foreign Investment” to reinvest their profits in RMB in the domestic enterprises so as to enable them to earn foreign exchange.After being approved by the State Foreign Exchange Control Administration and agreed by the partners, one foreign investor can set up more than two Sino-foreign joint ventures within Chinese territory and coordinate foreign exchanges among these enterprises.If the above-listed measures fail to keep the balance, the joint ventures may apply to the approving Chinese organization which will coordinate accordingly.Apart from products whose prices may be based on those of their counterparts on international markets with the approval of the price control department, the prices of their products sold in China should be fixed on the basis of quality in line with the price regulations set by the state and be charged in RMB. The sales prices should be reported to relevant authoritative department and the price control department for record. The prices of their export products are decided by the joint venture enterprises themselves and are reported to the relevant authoritative department and the price control department for record.1. Which of the following can NOT be done by a Sino-foreign joint venture?A.Exporting their products.B.Earning foreign exchange.C.Selling all of their products in China.D.Balancing their foreign exchange income and expenditure.2. What kind of products can be sold in China by Sino-foreign joint ventures?A.Products short in supply in China.B.China’s traditional products.C.China’s traditional exports.D.The same products as those made in China.3.______ is one of the ways to balance the foreign exchange income and expenditure of joint ventures.A.Buying goods in ChinaB.Investing in ChinaC.Selling goods in ChinaD.Importing products from abroad4. The Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade controls ______.A.the management of a Sino-foreign joint ventureB.the production of a Sino-foreign joint ventureC.the sales of a Sino-foreign joint ventureD.the export of goods bought in China5. The prices of the products of joint ventures have ______.A.nothing to do with the price control departmentB.something to do with joint ventures onlyC.something to do with both joint ventures and the price control departmentD.something to do with the price control department only三、完形填空Health implies more than physical fitness. It also implies mental and emotional well being. An angry, frustrated, emotionally (1) person in good physical condition is not (2) healthy. Mental health, therefore, has much to do (3) how a person copes with the world as s/he exists. Many of the factors that (4) physicalhealth also affect mental and emotional well being.Having a good self-image means that people have positive (5) pictures and good, positive feelings about themselves, about what they are capable (6) , and about the roles they play. People with good self-images like themselves, and they are (7) like others. Having a good self-image is based (8) a realistic (9) of one’s own worth and value and capabilities.Stress is an unavoidable, necessary, and potentially healthful (10) of our society. People of all ages (11) stress. Children begin to (12) stress during prenatal development and during childbirth. Examples of stress inducing (13) in the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to (14) academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. The different ways in which individuals (15) to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well (16) another may be unable to function at all. If stressful situations are continually encountered, the individual’s physical, social, and mental health are eventually affected.Satisfying social relations are vital to (17) mental and emotional health. It is believed that in order to initiate, develop, and (18) effective and fulfilling social relationships people must (19) the ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence, and help each other. They must also be capable of (20) conflicts in a constructive way.1. A. unstable B. unsure C. imprecise D. impractical2. A. normally B. generally C. virtually D. necessarily3. A. on B. at C. to D. with4. A. signify B. influence C. predict D. mark5. A. intellectual B. sensual C. spiritual D. mental6. A. to be doing B. with doing C. to do D. of doing7. A. able better to B. able to better C. better to able D. better able to8. A. on B. from C. at D. about9. A. assessment B. decision C. determination D. assistance10. A. ideality B. realization C. realism D. reality11. A. occur B. engage C. confront D. encounter12. A. tolerate B. sustain C. experience D. undertake13. A. evidence B. accidents C. adventures D. events14. A. acquire B. achieve C. obtain D. fulfill15. A. respond B. return C. retort D. reply16. A. why B. when C. while D. where17. A. sound B. all round C. entire D. whole18. A. produce B. pertain C. harvest D. maintain19. A. access B. assess C. process D. possess20. A. resolving B. saluting C. desolving D. solving《科技英语》综合复习资料参考答案一、单选题二、阅读理解Passage 1Passage 2。

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科技英语综合复习资料Part I Vocabulary and Structure（词汇与结构）1. As parts of the world become -, millions of people will try to migrate to more _areas. BA.hospitable,uninhabitableB.Uninhabitable,hospitableC.Habitable,inhospitableD.inhospitable,uninhabitabe2. A(n) ______ is someone who is being considered for a position, for example someone who is running inan election or applying for a job. C A. astronomer B. scientist C. candidate D. researcher 3. There are scientific satellites in __________ that measure wave heights, but too few to give reliableworldwide coverage. B A. mark B. orbit C. store D. line4. The first-year courses provide short introductions to these areas, while the second-year courses__________ the areas in greater depth. BA. classifyB. investigateC. clearD. examine5. Their marriage was in danger of breaking up last year but it seems quite ______ now. DA. favorableB. criticalC. profitableD. stable6. If individuals are awakened each time as they began a dream phase of sleep, they are likely to becomeirritable even if their total amount of sleep has been ______.BA. efficientB. sufficientC. deficientD. proficient7. Linda didn’t like the work because it lacked __________; she was doing the same thing all the time. CA. anxietyB. priorityC. varietyD. society8. She wanted to ask him all about his private life, but wisely __________ herself. CA. rescuedB. heldC. restrainedD. curbed9. After he was attacked, he managed to __________ to the phone and call for help. DA. poundB. comeC. turnD. stagger10. The issue was whether or not the bacteria (细菌) in his body would __________ the local ecosystem. CA. breakB. balanceC. contaminateD. contain11. Moving to a new school can __________ a child’s education, especially between the ages of eleven andsixteen. CA. upsetB. balanceC. disruptD. disorder12. China’s news media is following world trend by marketization and __________into enterprises D.A. conversionB. translationC. transplantingD. transforming13. Up to 22 people were killed and 187 others injured in a suicide bomb attack which ______ ademonstration in a northern Iraqi city. BA. transportedB. targetedC. yieldedD. aimed14. The general secretary’s decision to inv est was a ______ mistake, resulting in a heavy loss of money. CA. firmB. privateC. costlyD. incentive15. I feel nervous about the ______ of the experiment as it determines the future of this domain. AA. outcomeB. outlookC. outputD. outline16. Once attached to the host Program, the computer viruses then look for other programs to ______.CA. affectB. effectC. infectD. perfect17. Their government always looks at problems from the financial viewpoint, and the social ______ isnever considered. CA. inspectB. prospectC. aspectD. respect18. One’s appearance does not always ______ with his quality, so don’t judge people by looks. BA. compareB. coincideC. collideD. content19. We work best in a peaceful and comfortable __________ so as to increase our productivity and relieveour exhaustion. BA. paceB. atmosphereC. rhymeD. hemisphere20. The new _________ of this dictionary has not been in use yet, but its appearance has aroused quite a lotof attention. BA. visionB. versionC. variationD. verification21. The news slowly __________ through to everyone in the office; finally everybody felt worried aboutthe uncertainty of the future. CA. meltedB. frozeC. filteredD. flowed22. We do remember your initial objections, but unfortunately you didn’t place them ______.DA. in registerB. to documentC. in betweenD. on record23. The cost may be lower than we first thought, but ______ it will still be quite substantial. BA. in no caseB. in any caseC. in case ofD. in case24. Sometimes you can _______ valuable antiques by chance – for example when you’re clearing out anold building. AA. come byB. come inC. come outD. come down25. Obviously you came here intending to _______ the United States and you will need a work visa. DA. rest withB. resort toC. render intoD. reside in26. Y ou will find how to help your child to develop good habits and how to ______ with the bad ones that can cause so much embarrassment and distress. AA. dealB. agreeC. calculateD. endeavor27. We’ve worked out a method by which our production can be raised on a large ______.BA. quantityB. scaleC. qualityD. proportion28. It is a universal ______ that man is different from all the other animals because man can communicatewith each other by means of language. CA. admissionB. permissionC. acknowledgmentD. advancement29. Due to the limited seating _____ of the hall, merely about 700 journalists were present for the pressconference. AA. capacityB. capabilityC. possibilityD. probability30. When he applied for a ______ in the office of the local newspaper he was told to see the manager. AA. positionB. locationC. professionD. career31. The island’s population initially numbered 180, but there was a gradual __________ until only 40people were left. D A. declination B. incline C. inclination D. decline32. For such a tiny woman she had a(n)______ courage to fight against two thieves. AA. incredibleB. resistantC. stapleD. massive33. One cause of the current food crisis is ______ and food prices are high in part because of the dryweather in these places. D A. flood B. cough C. rough D. drought34. Coal can be ______ into gas with the help of the modern technology. BA. yieldB. convertedC. overcameD. reverted35. Many Internet users are worried about their privacy being ______ and their secrets being revealed byonline hackers. A A. invaded B. intakenC. invented D. investigated36. The new ______ edition of this book focuses specifically on the complexities of grammatical choicesthat students need to master. DA. alteredB. convertedC. modifiedD. revised37. The poor condition of this apartment block is a danger to all its __________. BA. habitatsB. inhabitantsC. habitsD. inherits38. Enough lava had __________ from the volcano to bury the entire village. CA. disruptedB. splashedC. eruptedD. spilt39. Y ou are legally ______ to take faulty goods back to the store where you bought them. BA. devotedB. entitledC. accessedD. contributed40. Time and time again, women seem to ______ on promotion and career opportunities. BA. fall outB. lose outC. wipe outD. put out41. _______ in the office had a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customer inconvenience. AA. SomeoneB. AnyoneC. No oneD. Everyone42. Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert ______ it means standing in a queue all night. CA. as ifB. providedC. even ifD. whatever43. Although Mary is satisfied with her success, she wonders ______ will happen to her private life. CA. howB. whoC. whatD. that44. If the whole program _______ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. DA. was not plannedB. were not plannedC. would not be plannedD. had not been planned45. More and more families have moved elsewhere because they cannot ____ the noise from theneighboring airport. BA. come up withB. put up withC. catch up withD. keep up with46. Her sun-tanned face suggested that she _______ in excellent health. CA. beB. isC. wasD. were47. Ever since the Smiths moved to the suburbs a year ago, they _______ better health. CA. could have enjoyedB. had enjoyedC. have been enjoyingD. are enjoying48. This magazine is very _____ with young people, who like its content and style. BA. familiarB. popularC. similarD. Particular49. _____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. BA. Being bittenB. BittenC. Having been bittenD. To be bitten50. The morning paper ______a story about demonstrations in New Y ork and Washington D.C.. AA. carriedB. extendedC. broughtD. TookPart II Identification（判断正误）1. No sooner had they entered the room when the telephone rang. 错误2. As a graduate from high school, Tom is faced with three choices: attending college, finding a job or joining the army. 正确3. It was his nervousness in the interview which probably caused him to lose the job. 错误4. I invited Joe and Linda as well as Tom to dinner, but none of them came. 正确5. Y ou can arrive in Beijing earl ier for the meeting though you don’t mind taking the night train. 错误6. Why not stay at home now that the road is so slippery after the heavy snow？正确7. But for the help of my English teacher, I would not have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition. 正确8 .Those brave army soldiers would rather die with their heads high than lived with their knees bent. 错误9. It is no good try to remember grammatical rules.Y ou need to practice what you have learned. 错误10. The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year. 正确11. Equipped with modem facilities, today's hospitals are quite different from that of the past. 错误12. We solved the problem by using a computer rather than doing it all by hand. 正确13. Over the past 20 years , the internet has helped change our world in either way or anotherfor the better. 错误14. How and why this language has survived for more than a thousand years, while spoken by very few, were hard to explain. 错误15. Nearly half of Americans aged 25 take part in some form of continued education. 正确Part III W ord-filling (单词填空)1. Georgia said it would take a__ aggressive ___（咄咄逼人的）diplomatic steps to respond to the Russian action in order to defend its rights.2. In most western countries, upon reaching an a__ appropriate __（适当的）age, children are encouraged, but not forced, to ―leave the nest‖.3. Among all the voting people, the great majority agreed to __ abolish -(废除) this kind of cruelpunishment as it is against morality.4. But party spokesman, and then the new government, said that for children aged under 11 support would _ cease __（终止）at the end of primary education, while for those already in secondary education, assistance would continue until the end of schooling.5. The current trade __ deficit _（赤字）indicates a serious imbalance between our import and export trade.6. Have you considered being _ sponsored _（赞助）during your time at university? Y ou should, because many students have found it a great help not only during their time as an undergraduate but also in securing employment after graduating.7. The increasing __ unemployment _(employ) caused social unrest, therefore the government must take prompt and effective measures to resolve it.8. It took the authorities a long time to make __ identification _(identify) of the accident victims.9. I want our youngsters to follow their own skills and _ ambitions __(ambitious), and not to be confined by artificial barriers and outdated social conventions.10. Supplies may__ fluctuate _(fluctuation) according to seasonal availability but you’ll always find a wide selection.11. The __ extraction __ (extract) of mineral resources from the ground has left huge scars on the landscape.12. The inflation rate cannot be properly _ quantified ___(quantity) but the official figure is 46%.13. He is very aggressive, totally __ dominating _(dominant) everyone he works with.14. Many experts gave opinions at the meeting, but u_ ultimately __(最终地) the decision lay with the president before it was released to the public.15. He condemned the __ wastefulness _(浪费) of having everyone driving around in private cars instead of using public transport.Part IV Sentence translation（句子翻译）A. E-C Translation（英汉翻译）1. But dependency is no vice when the habit is healthful —and you don’t have to be an Olympian to benefit. 但依赖性也并非坏事，只要它是有益于健康的—你不必非是个奥运选手才能获益。