大学英语四级信息匹配练习题四
大学英语四级信息匹配
大学英语四、六级考试信息匹配题阅读训练Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraph. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Passage 1Surviving the RecessionA)America’s recession began quietly at the end of 2007. Since then it has evolvedinto a global crisis. Reasonable people may disagree about whom to blame.Financiers who were not as clever as they thought they were? Regulators falling asleep at work? Consumers who borrowed too much? Politicians who thoughtlessly promoted home-ownership for those who could not afford it? All are guilt; and what a mess they have created.B)Since 2007 America has shed 5 million jobs. More than 15% of the workforce arejobless or underemployed—roughly 25 million workers. The only industries swelling their payrolls are health care, utilities and the federal government. The value of listed shares in American firms collapsed by 57% from its peak in October 2007 to a low in March this year, though it has since bounded back somewhat. Industrial production fell by 12.8% in the year to March, the worst slide since the Second World War. Mark Zandi, an economist at Moody’s Economy., predicts that the recession will shrink America’s economy by 3.5% in total. “For most executives, this is the worst business environment they’ve ever seen.”C)Times are so tough that even bosses are taking pay cuts. Median （中位数的）payfor chief executives of S&P 500 companies fell 6.8% in 2008. The overthrown business giants of Wall Street took the biggest knock, with average pay cuts of 38% and median bonuses of zero. But there was some pain for everyone: median pay for chief executives of non-financial firms in the S&P 500 fell by 2.7%.D)Nearly every business has a sad tale to tell. For example, Arne Sorenson, thepresident of Marriott hotel, likens the crisis to the downturn that hit his business after September 11th, 2001. When the twin towers fell, Americans stopped travelling. Marriott had its worst quarter ever, with revenues per room falling by 25%. This year, without a terrorist attack, the hotel industry is “putting the same numbers on the board”, says Mr. Sorenson.E)Other industries have suffered even more. Large numbers of builders, propertyfirms and retailers have gone bankrupt. And a disaster has hit Detroit. Last year the American car industry had the capacity to make 17 million vehicles. Sales in 2009 could be barely half of that. The Big Three American carmakers—General Motors, Ford and Chrysler—accumulated ruinous costs over the post-war years, such as gold-plated health plans and pensions for workers who retired as young as48. All three are desperately restructuring. Only Ford may survive in its currentform.F)Hard times breed hard feeling. Few Americans understand what caused therecession. Some are seeking scapegoats （替罪羊）. Politicians are happy to take advantage. Bosses have been summoned to Washington to be scolded on live television. The president condemns their greed.G)Business folks are bending over backwards to avoid seeming extravagant.Meetings at resorts are suddenly unacceptable. Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, cancelled a conference in Las Vegas at the last minute and rebooked it in San Francisco, which cost more but sounded less fun.H)Anyway, the pain will eventually end. American business will regain its shine.Many firms will die, but the survivors will emerge leaner and stronger than before.The financial sector’s share of the economy will shrink, and stay shrunk for years to come. The importance of non-financial firms will accordingly rise, along with their ability to attract the best talent. America will remain the best place on earth to do business, so long as Barack Obama and the Democrats in Congress resist the temptation to interfere too much, and so long as organized labors does not overplay its hand.I)Mr. Obama’s plan to curb carbon dioxide emissions （排放）, though necessary,will be far from cost-free, whatever his sunny speeches on the subject might suggest. The shift to a low-carbon economy will help some firms, hurt others and require every organization that uses much energy to rethink how it operates. It is harder to predict how Mr. Obama’s proposed reforms to the failing health-care system will turn out. If he succeeds in curbing costs—a big if—it would be a huge gain for America. Some business will benefit but the vast bulk of the savings will be captured by workers, not their employers.J)In the next couple of years the businesses that thrive will be those that are tight with costs, careful of debt, cautious with cash flow and extremely attentive to what customers want. They will include plenty of names no one has yet heard of. K)Times change, and corporations change with them. In 1955 Time’s Man of the Year was Harlow Curtice, the boss of GM. His firm was leading America towards “a new economic order”, the magazine wrote. Thanks to men like Curtice, “the bonds of scarcity” had been broken and America was rolling “to an all-time high of prosperity”. Soon, Americans would need to spend “comparatively little time earning a living”.L)Half a century later GM is a typical example for poor management. In March its chief executive was fired by Time’s current Man of the Year, Mr. Obama. The government now backs up the domestic car industry, lending it money and overseeing its turnaround plans. With luck, this will be short-lived. But there is a danger that Washington will end up micromanaging not only Detroit but also other parts of the economy. And clever as Mr. Obama’s advisers are, history suggests they will be bad at this.1.The America’s recession affected the hotel industry as badly as the 9/11 terroristattack.2.Businessmen are trying to avoid seeming wasteful in response to the recession.3.In the near future, a thriving business will go with cautious management tactics.4.Much doubt remains whether the Obama administration will do well inmicromanaging the America’s economy.5. A combination of causes is responsible for the current American recession, whichbegan in 2007.6.The government is not supposed to interfere too much in American businesses.7.The big Three American carmakers need restructuring to survive due to theiraccumulation of the ruinous costs over the post-war years.8.In March, GM”s chief executive was fired by Obama for poor management.9.According to the author, Obama’s plan to limit carbon dioxide emissions will byno means be inexpensive.10.At the worst time, the total value of listed shares in American firms shrank byfifty-seven percent.(D G J L A H E L I B)Passage twoSmall schools RisingA)This year’s list of the top 100 high schools shows that today, those with fewerstudents are flourishing.B)Fifty years ago, they were the latest thing in educational reform: big, modern,suburban high schools with students counted in the thousands. As baby boomers （二战后婴儿潮时期出生的人）came of high-school age, big schools promised economic efficiency. A greater choice of courses, and, of course, better football teams. Only years later did we understand the trade-offs this involved: the creation of excessive bureaucracies（官僚机构）,the difficulty of forging personal connections between teachers and students. SAT scores began dropping in 1963;today, on average, 30% of students do not complete high school in four years, a figure that rises to 50% in poor urban neighborhoods. While the emphasis on teaching to higher, test-driven standards as set in No Child Left Behind resulted in significantly better performance in elementary (and some middle) schools, high schools for a variety of reason seemed to have made little progress.C)Size isn’t everything, but it does matter, and the past decade has seen a noticeablecountertrend toward smaller schools. This has been due, in part, to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has invested $1.8 billion in American high schools, helping to open about 1000 small schools—most of them with about 400 kids each, with an average enrollment of only 150 per grade. About 500 more are on the drawing board. Districts all over the county are taking notice, along with mayors in cities like New York, Chicago and San Diego. The movement includes independent public charter schools, such as No.1 BASIS in Tucson, with only 120 high-schools and 18 graduates this year. It embraces district-sanctioned magnet schools, such as the Talented and Gifted School, with 198 students, and theScience and Engineering Magnet, with 383, which share a building in Dallas, as well as the City Honors School in Buffalo, N.Y., which grew out of volunteer evening seminars for students. And it includes alternative schools with students selected by lottery（抽签）, such as H.B Woodlawn in Arlington, Va. And most noticeable of all, there is the phenomenon of large urban and suburban high schools that have split up into smaller units of a few hundred, generally housed in the same grounds that once boasted thousands of students all marching to the same band.D)Hillsdale High School in San Mateo, Calif., is one of those, ranking No. 423—among the top 2% in the country—on Newsweek’s annual ranking of America’s top high schools. The success of small schools is apparent in the listings. Ten years ago, when the first Newsweek list based on college-level test participation was published, only three of the top 100 schools had graduating classes smaller than 100 students. This year there are 22. Nearly 250 schools on the full Newsweek list of the top 5% of schools nationally had fewer than 200 graduates in 2007.E)Although many of Hillsdale’s students came from wealthy households, by the late1990 average test scores were sliding and it had earned the unaffectionate nickname “Hillsjail”. Jeff Gibert, a Hillsdale teacher who became principal last year, remembers sitting with other teachers watching students file out of a graduation ceremony and asking one another in astonishment, “How did that student graduated?”F)So in 2003 Hillsdale remade itself into three “houses”, romantically namedFlorence, Marrakech and Kyoto. Each of the 300 arriving ninth graders are randomly assigned to one of the houses, where they will keep the same four core subject teachers for two years, before moving on to another for 11th and 12th grades. The closeness this system cultivates is reinforced by the institution of “advisory” classes. Teachers meet with students in groups of 25, five mornings a week, for open-ended discussions of everything from homework problems to bad Saturday-night dates. The advisers also meet with students privately and stay in touch with parents, so they are deeply invested in the students’success. “We’re constantly talking about one another’s advisers,”says English teacher Chris Crockett. “If you hear that yours isn’t doing well in math, or see them sitting outside the dean’s office, it’s like a personal failure.” Along with the new structure came a more demanding academic program, the percentage of freshmen taking biology jumped from 17 to 95. “It was rough for some. But by senior year, two-thirds have moved up to physics,”says Gilbert. “Our kids are coming to school in part because they know there are adults here who know them and care for them.” But not all schools show advances after downsizing, and it remains to be seen whether smaller schools will be a cure-all solution.G)The Newsweek list of top U.S. high schools was made this year, as in years past,according to a single metric, the proportion of students taking college-level exams.Over the years the system has come in for its share of criticism for its simplicity.But that is also its strength: it’s easy for readers to understand, and to do thearithmetic for their own schools if they’d like.H)Ranking schools is always controversial, and this year a group of 38superintendents（地区教育主管）from five states wrote to ask that their schools be excluded from the calculation. “It is impossible to know which high schools are ‘the best’ in the nation,” their letter read, in part. “Determining whether different schools do or don’t offer a high quality of education requires a look at many different measures, including students’overall academic accomplishments and their subsequent performance in college. And taking into consideration the unique needs of their communities.”I)In the end the superintendents agreed to provide the data we sought, which is,after all, public information. There is, in our view, no real dispute here; we are all seeking the same thing, which is schools that better serve our children and our nation by encouraging students to make tough subjects under the guidance of gifted teachers. And if we keep working toward that goal, someday, perhaps a list won’t be necessary.1.In practical use, simplicity is still considered a strength of Newsweek’s schoolranking system in spite of the criticism it receives.2.As a result setting up big schools, students’ performance declined.3.Newsweek ranked high schools according to their college-level test participation.4.Half a century ago, big, modern, suburban high schools were established to ensureefficient education for baby boomers.5.It is agreed that qualified teachers, better services and encouragement are keys toreaching the ultimate goal of school education.6.The most noticeable trend in high school education is the splitting of large schoolsinto smaller ones.7.It is still unknown whether smaller schools will be a solution to all educationalproblems.8.High schools funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation are small in size.9.Different measures should be used in assessing the quality of school education.10.The “advisory”classes at Hillsdale were set up so that students could maintaincloser relationship with their teachers.(G B D B I C F C H F)Passage 3.HighwaysA)Early in the 20th century, most of the streets and roads in the U.S. were made ofdirt, brick, and cedar wood blocks. Built for horse, carriage, and foot traffic, they were usually poorly cared for and too narrow to accommodate（容纳）automobiles.B)With the increase in auto production, private turnpike（收费公路）companiesunder local authorities began to spring up, and by 1921 there were 387000 miles of paved roads. Many were built using specifications of 19th century Scottish engineers Thomas Telford and John MacAdam (for whom the macadam surface is named), whose specifications stressed the importance of adequate drainage.Beyond that, there were no national standards for size, weight restrictions, or commercial signs. During World War I. roads throughout the country were nearly destroyed by the weight of trucks. When General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 1919, after serving in the U.S. army’s first transcontinental motor convoy（车队）, he noted: “The old convoy had started me thinking about good, two-lane highways, but Germany’s Autobahn or motorway had made me see the wisdom of broader ribbons across the land.”C)It would take another war before the federal government would act on a nationalhighway system. During World War II, a tremendous increase in trucks and new roads were required. The war demonstrated how critical highways were to the defense effort. Thirteen percent of defense plants received all their supplies by truck, and almost all other plants shipped more than half of their products by vehicle. The war also revealed that local control of highways had led to a confusing variety of design standards. Even federal and state highways did not follow basic standards. Some states allowed trucks up to 36000 pounds, while others restricted anything over 7000 pounds. A government study recommended a national highway system of 33920 miles, and congress soon passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944, which called for strict, centrally controlled design criteria.D)The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailedas one of the greatest public works projects of the century. To build its 44000-mile web of highways, bridges, and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out. Consider the many geographic features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, deserts and plains. Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of road use, and the nature of the underlying soil. Urban areas were another problem. Innovative designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country, forever altering the face of America.E)Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs inLouisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkable tunnels like Fort McHeny in Maryland and Mt. Baker in Washington, met many of the nation’s physical challenges. Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns.F)Today, the interstate system links every major city in the U.S. with Canada andMexico. Built with safety in mind, the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians, or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limited access. The death rate on highways is half of all other U.S.roads (.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 per 100 million on all other roads).G)By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumergoods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country,spurred the growth of suburbs, and provided people with greater options in term of jobs, access to cultural programs, health care, and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what they cherish most: personal freedom of mobility.H)The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation’s economicgrowth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent the nation’s freight deliveries arrive by truck; and most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle. Not only has the highway system affected the America economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.I)By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads,residential streets, expressways, and freeways built to support millions of vehicles.The highway system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vision and leadership. The year construction began he said: “Together, the united forces of our communication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bear—United States. Without them, we would be a mere alliance of many separate parts.”1.Many of the problems presented by the country’s geographical features foundsolutions in innovative engineering projects.2. A century ago, there were almost no national standards for paved roads in the U.S.3.The interstate system was renamed after Eisenhower in recognition of his visionand leadership.4.General Eisenhower felt that the broad motorways made more sense than thetwo-lane highways of America.5.It was in the 1950s that the American government finally took action to build anational highway system.6.Under safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways is much lowerthan that of other American roads.7.Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than seventy-five percent of thefreight in U.S.8.Thanks to the highways, American people can go anywhere they like around thecountry.9.To a certain extent, the development of interstate highway system in America haspromoted the nation’s economic growth.10.In terms of highway construction, the whole world was influenced by the U.S.(D B I B D F H G H E)Passage 4The MagicianThe revolution that Steve Jobs led is only just beginningA)When it came to putting on a show, nobody else in the computer industry, or anyother industry for that matter, could match Steve Jobs. His product launches, at which he would stand alone on a black stage and produce as if by magic an “incredible” new electronic gadget （小器具）in front of an amazed crowd, were the performances of a master showman. All computers do is fetch and work with numbers, he once explained, but do it fast enough and “the results appear to be magic”. Mr. Jobs, who died recently aged 56, spent his life packaging the magic into elegantly designed, easy-to-use products.B)The reaction to his death, with people leaving candles and flowers outside Applestores and politicians singing praises on the internet, is proof that Mr. Jobs had become something much more significant than just a clever money-maker. He stood out in three ways—as a technologist, as a corporate leader and as somebody who was able to make people love what had previously been impersonal, functional gadgets. Strangely, it is this last quality that may have the deepest effect on the way people live. The era of personal technology is in many ways just beginning.C)As a technologist, Mr. Jobs was different because he was not an engineer—andthat was his great strength. Instead he was keenly interested in product design and aesthetics（美学）, and in making advanced technology simple to use. He repeatedly took an existing but half-formed idea—the mouse-driven computer, the digital music player, the smartphone, the tablet computer（平板电脑）—and showed the rest of the industry how to do it properly. Rival firms competed with each other to follow where he led. In the process he brought about great changes in computing, music, telecoms and the news business that were painful for existing firms but welcomed by millions of consumers.D)Within the wider business world, a man who liked to see himself as a hippy,permanently in revolt against big companies, ended up being hailed by many of those corporate giants as one of the greatest chief executives of his time. That was partly due to his talents: showmanship, strategic vision, an astonishing attention to detail and a dictatorial management style which many bosses must have envied.But most of all it was the extraordinary trajectory（轨迹）of his life. His fall from grace in the 1980s, followed by his return to Apple in 1996 after a period in the wilderness, is an inspiration to any businessperson whose career has taken a turn for the worse. The way in which Mr. Jobs revived the failing company he had co-founded and turned it into the world’s biggest tech firm (bigger even than Bill Gate’s Microsoft, the company that had outsmarted Apple so dramatically in the 1980s), sounds like something from a Hollywood movie.E)But what was perhaps most astonishing about Mr. Jobs was the absolute loyalty hemanaged to inspire in customers. Many Apple users feel themselves to be part of a community, with Mr. Jobs as its leader. And there was indeed a personal link.Apple’s products were designed to accord with the boss’s taste and to meet his extremely high standards. Every iPhone or MacBook has his fingerprints all over it. His great achievement was to combine an emotional spark with computer technology, and make the resulting product feel personal. And that is what put Mr.Jobs on the right side of history, as technological innovation has moved into consumer electronics over the past decade.F)As our special report in this issue (printed before Mr. Job s’s death) explains,innovation used to spill over from military and corporate laboratories to the consumer market, but lately this process has gone into reverse. Many people’s homes now have more powerful, and more flexible, devices than their offices do;consumer gadgets and online services are smarter and easier to use than most companies’ systems. Familiar consumer products are being adopted by businesses, government and the armed forces. Companies are employing in-house versions of Facebook and creating their own “app stores” to deliver software to employees.Doctors use tablet computers for their work in hospitals. Meanwhile, the number of consumers hungry for such gadgets continues to swell. Apple’s products are now being snapped up in Delhi and Dalian just as in Dublin and Dallas.G)Mr. Jobs had a reputation as a control freak（怪人）, and his critics complained thatthe products and systems he designed were closed and inflexible, in the name of greater ease of use. Yet he also empowered millions of people by giving them access to cutting-edge technology. His insistence on putting users first, and focusing on elegance and simplicity, has become deep-rooted in his own company, and is spreading to rival firms too. It is no longer just at Apple that designers ask: “What would Steve Jobs do?”H)The gap between Apple and other tech firms is only likely to narrow. This week’sannouncement of a new iPhone by a management team led by Tim Cook, who replaced Mr. Jobs as chief executive in August, was generally regarded as competent but uninspiring. Without Mr. Jobs to shower his star dust on the event, it felt like just another product launch from just another technology firm. At the recent unveiling of a tablet computer by Jeff Bezos of Amazon, whose company is doing the best job of following Apple’s lead in combining hardware, software, content and services in an easy-to-use bundle, there were several attacks at Apple.But by doing his best to imitate Mr. Jobs, Mr. Bezos also flattered him. With Mr.Jobs gone, Apple is just one of many technology firms trying to arouse his uncontrollable spirit in new products.I)Mr. Jobs was said by an engineer in the early years of Apple to emit a “realitydistortion（扭曲）field”, such were his powers of persuasion. But in the end he created a reality of his own, channeling the magic of computing into products that reshaped entire industries. The man who said in his youth that he wanted to “put a ding in the universe” did just that.1.Steve Jobs was obsessed with elegant and user-friendly gadgets, which was hisgreat strength.2.In spite of the user-friendliness of Apple products, critics complained that theywere closed and inflexible.3.Steve Jobs fulfilled his promise and had succeeded in redefining the products incomputer industries.4.Steve Jobs started the era of personal technology, which has a profound impact onpeople’s way of life.5.Steve Jobs was thought highly of by leaders of many large companies for hisachievements and personal charm.6.Integrating the easy-to-use elements to the utmost, Amazon has become the bestApple follower many technology firms.7.Apple’s products are very popular in many industries and places, bringing muchcomfort and convenience to people’s life and work.8.No one can be compared with Steve Jobs in showmanship in the computerindustry or any other related industries.9.Having so many faithful users was the most amazing part of Steve Job s’ success.10.For those who have suffered failures in business, Steve Jobs’life experienceserves as an inspiration.(C G I B D H F A E D)Passage 5Should Sugar Be Regulated like Alcohol and Tobacco?A)Sugar poses enough health risks that it should be considered a controlledsubstance just like alcohol and tobacco, argue a team of researchers from the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). In an opinion piece called “The Toxic Truth About Sugar”published Feb. 1 in Nature, Robert Lustig, Laura Schmidt and Claire Brindis argue that it’s wrong to consider sugar just “empty calories.”They write: “There is nothing empty about these calories. A growing body of scientific evidence is showing that fructose（果糖）can trigger processes that lead to liver toxicity and a host of other chronic diseases. A little is not a problem, but a lot kills—slowly.”B)Almost everyone’s heard of—or personally experienced—the well-known sugarhigh, so perhaps the comparison between sugar and alcohol or tobacco shouldn’t come as a surprise. But it’s doubtful that Americans will look favorably upon regulating their favorite vice. We’re a nation that’s sweet on sugar: the average U.S. adult downs 22 teaspoons of sugar a day, according to the American Heart Association, and surveys have found that teens swallow 34 teaspoons.C)To counter our consumption, the authors advocate taxing sugary foods andcontrolling sales to kids under 17. Already, 17% of U.S. children and teens are obese（肥胖的）, and across the world the sugar intake has increased three times in the past 50 years. The increase has helped create a global obesity plague that contributes to 35 million annual deaths worldwide from noninfectious diseases including cancer, heart disease and diabetes. Linda Matzigkeit, a senior vice president at Children’s Healthcare, said “We have to do something about this or our country is in danger. It’s not good if your state has the second-highest obesity rate. Obese children turn into obese adults.”D)“There are good calories and bad calories, just as there are good fats and bad fats,good amino acids（氨基酸）and bad amino acids,” Lustig, director of the Weight Assessment for Teen and Child Health program at UCSF, said in a statement. “But。
英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习及答案-4
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.长篇阅读Definitions of ObesityA) How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-weight tables give an approximate guideline as to whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage.B) The World Health Organization recommends using a formula that takes into account a person's height and weight. The "Body Mass Index" (BMI) is calculated by dividing the person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters, and is thus given in units of kg/m2. A BMI of 18.5-24.9 is considered to be the healthiest. A BMI of between 25 and 29.9 is considered to be overweight, while a BMI of over 30 is considered to be obese.C) However, it is recognized that this definition is limited as it does not take into account such variables as age, gender and ethnic origin, the latter being important as different ethnic groups have very different fat distributions. Another shortcoming is that it is not applicable to certain very muscular people such as athletes and bodybuilders, who can also have artificially high BMIs. Agencies such as the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) in the USA and the International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) are starting to define obesity in adults simply in terms of waist circumference.Health Effects of ObesityD) Over 2000 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates wrote that "persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender". This observation remains very true today. Obesity has a major impact on a person's physical, social and emotional well-being. It increases the risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2 ("mature onset diabetes") and also makes Type 2 diabetes more difficult to control. Thus weight loss improves the levels of blood glucose and blood fats, and reduces blood pressure. The association between obesity and coronary heart disease is also well-known.CancerE) Furthermore, in 2001 medical researchers established a link between being overweight and certain forms of cancer, and estimated that nearly 10,000 Britons per year develop cancer as a result of being overweight. This figure was made up of 5,893 women and 3,220 men, with the strongest associations being with breast and colon cancers. However, it is thought that being overweight may also increase the risk of cancer in the reproductive organs for women and in the prostate gland for men.F) The link between breast cancer and nutritional status is thought to be due to the steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone, which are produced by the ovaries, and govern a woman's menstrual cycle. Researchers have found that the more a woman eats, or the more sedentary her lifestyle, the higher are the concentrations of progesterone. This link could explain why women from less affluent countries have lower rates of breast cancer. Women from less affluent nations tend to eat less food and to lead lifestyles which involve more daily movement. This lowers their progesterone level, resulting inlower predisposition to breast cancer.G) The Times newspaper, in 2002 reported that obesity was the main avoidable cause of cancer among non-smokers in the Western world!AgingH) Research published by St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK in 2005 showed a correlation between body fat and aging, to the extent that being obese added 8.8 years to a woman's biological age. The effect was exacerbated by smoking, and a non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to their biological age. The combination of being obese and asmoker added at least ten years to a woman’s biological age, and although the study only involved women, the lead researcher Professor Tim Spector believes the finding would also apply to men.I) The aging effect was determined by measuring the length of telomeres, tiny "caps" on the ends of chromosomes, which help protect the DNA from the ageing process. Indeed, telomeres have been dubbed the "chromosomal clock" because, as an organism ages, they become progressively shorter, and can be used to determine the age of the organism. Beyond a certain point, the telomere becomes so short that it is no longer able to prevent the DNA of the chromosome from falling apart. It is believed that excess body fat, and the chemicals present in tobacco smoke release free radicals which trigger inflammation. Inflammation causes the production of white blood cells which increases the rate of erosion of telomeres.DementiaJ) Recent research (2005) conducted in the USA shows that obesity in middle age is linked to an increased risk of dementia, with obese people in their 40s being 74% more likely to develop dementia compared to those of normal weight. For those who are merely overweight, the lifetime risk of dementia risk was 35% higher.K) Scientists from the Aging Research Centre at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden have been able to take information such as age, number of years in education, gender, body mass index, blood pressure level, physical activity and genetic factors, assigning each a risk score. They then used this information to devise a predictive test for dementia. This test will enable people at risk, for the first time, to be able to affect lifestyle changes which will reduce their risk of contracting dementia.Other ProblemsL) The world-wide upsurge in obesity, particularly in children, is of major economic concern, liable to drain economies. Of further concern is that research conducted in Australia and published in 2006, shows that up to one third of breech pregnancies were undetected by the traditional "palpation" examination, the danger being greatest for those women who are overweight or obese—a growing proportion of mothers. This means that such women are not getting thetreatment required to turn the baby around in time for the birth, and in many cases require an emergency Caesarean section.M) This is a true health-care crisis, far bigger than Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and ultimately, even bigger than AIDS.对应题目：1. You can judge whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage according to the height-weight table.2. Using the "Body Mass Index" to define a person's weight ideal is limited, because it does not takes into account many variables such as age, gender and ethnic origin.3. A person's emotional well-being would be affected by obesity.4. Obesity has something to do with cancer in the prostate gland for man.5. Women from less affluent nations tend to have much less breast cancer.6. A non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added7.4 years to her biological age.7. The excess body fat, like the chemicals present in tobacco smoke, can lead to inflammation.8. Obese people in middle age run an increased risk of dementia .9. The predictive test for dementia will help people to affect lifestyle changes that will reduce their risk of contracting dementia.10. The world-wide upsurge in obesity, particularly in children, will possibly drain economies.参考答案：1. A2. C3. D4. E5. F6. H7. I8. J9. K10. L。
大学英语四级信息匹配练习题
⼤学英语四级信息匹配练习题⼤学英语四级信息匹配练习题⼀Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage withten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.长篇阅读Preparing for Computer DisastersA) Summary: When home office computers go down, many small businesses grind to a halt. Fortunately, taking steps to recover from disasters and minimize their effects is quite straightforward.B) Fires, power surges, and floods, they're all facts of life. We read about them in the morning paper and see them on the evening news. We sympathize with the victims and commiserate over their bad luck. We also shake our heads at the digital consequences—melted computers, system failures, destroyed data.Yet, somehow, many of us continue to live by that old mantra of denial: "It won't happen to me." Well, the truth is, at some pointyou'll probably have to deal with at least one disaster. That's just how it goes, and in most aspects of our lives we do something about it. We buy insurance. We stow away provisions. We even make disaster plans and run drills. But for some reason, computer disaster recovery is a blind spot for many of us. It shouldn't be. Home computers contain some of our most important information, both business and personal, and making certain our data survives a disaster should be a priority. Moreover, even the smallest disaster can be a serious disruption. Personal computers have become an integral part of the smooth-running household. We use them to communicate, shop, and do homework, and they're even more vital to home office users. When home office computers go down, many small businesses grind to a halt. Fortunately, taking steps to recover from disasters and minimize their effects is quite straightforward. With a good offsite storage plan and the right tools, you can bounce back quickly and easily from minor computer disasters. And, should a major calamity strike, you can rest assured your data is safe.Offsite Storage: Major DisastersC) House fires and floods are among the most devastating causes of personal computer destruction. That's why a solid offsite backup and recovery plan is essential. Although many home users faithfully back up their hard drives, many would still lose all their data should their house flood our burn. That's because they keep their backups inrelatively close to their computers. Their backup disks might not be in the same room as their computers—tucked away in a closet or even the garage—but they're not nearly far enough away should a seriousdisaster strike. So, it's important to back up your system to a removable medium and to store it elsewhere.D) There are many ways to approach offsite storage. It starts with choice of backup tools and storage medium. Disaster situations are stressful, and your recovery tools shouldn't add to that stress. They must be dependable and intuitive, making it easy to schedule regular backups and to retrieve files in apinch. They must also be compatible with your choice of backup medium. Depending on your tools, you can back up to a variety of durable disk types—from CDs to Jaz drives to remote network servers. Although many of these storage media have high capacity, a backup tool with compression capabilities is a big plus, eliminating the inconvenience of multiple disks or large uploads.E) Once you select your tools and a suitable medium, you need tofind a remote place to store your backups. The options are endless. However, no matter where you choose, be sure the site is secure, easily accessible, and a good distance away from your home. You may also want to consider using an Internet-based backup service. More and more service providers are offering storage space on their servers, and uploading files to a remote location has become an attractivealternative to conventional offsite storage. Of course, before using one of these services, make certain you completely trust the service provider and its security methods. Whatever you do, schedule backups regularly and store them far away fromyour home.Come What May: Handling the Garden Variety Computer CrisisF) Not all home computer damage results from physical disaster. Many less menacing problems can also hobble your PC or destroy your information. Systems crash, kids "rearrange" data, adults inadvertently delete files. Although these events might not seem calamitous, they can have serious implications. So, once again, it's important to be prepared. As with physical disasters, regular backups are essential. However, some of these smaller issues require a response that's more nuanced than wholesale backup and restoration. To deal with less-than-total disaster, your tool set must be both powerful and agile. For example, when a small number of files are compromised, you may want to retrieve those files alone. Meanwhile, if just your settings are affected, you'll want a simple way to roll back to your preferred setup. Yet, should your operating system fail, you'll need a way to boot your computer and perform large-scale recovery. Computer crises come in all shapes and sizes, and your backup and recovery tools must be flexible enough to meet each challenge.The Right Tools for the Right Job: Gearing up for DisasterG) When disaster strikes, the quality of your backup tools can make the difference between utter frustration and peace of mind. Symantec understands this and offers a range of top quality backup and recovery solutions. Norton GoBack is the perfect tool for random system crashes, failed installations, and inadvertent deletions. With this powerful and convenient solution, it's simple to retrieve overwritten files or to bring your system back to its pre-crash state. Norton Ghost is a time-tested home office solution. Equipped to handle full-scale backups, it's also handy for cloning hard drives and facilitating system upgrades. A favorite choice for IT professionals, it's the ideal tool for the burgeoning home office. You can buy Norton Ghost and Norton GoBack separately, or get them both when you purchase Norton System Works.H) Life's disasters, large and small, often catch us by surprise. However, with a little planning and the right tools, you can reduce those disasters to bumpsin the road. So, don't wait another day. Buy a good set of disaster recovery tools, set up an automatic backup schedule, and perform a dry run every now and again. Then, rest easy.对应题⽬:1. You should take steps to recover from computer disasters so as to minimize their effects.2. For some reason, computer disaster recovery is always ignored by many of us.3. You can bounce back quickly and easily minor computer disasters with the help of a good offsite storage plan and the right tools.4. The most devastating causes of personal computer destruction includes house fires and floods.5. It's necessary for us to back up our systems to some transferable medium and to put it somewhere else.6. You should find a distant place to store your backups after selecting your tools and a suitable medium.7. Not only physical disaster can damage your computer.8. The backup and recovery tools must be flexible enough to deal with various computer crises.9. The quality of your backup tools determines whether you are frustrated or have a peaceful mind when disaster strikes.10. You should prepare for your computer disasters now and again.答案参考:1. A 根据题⼲中的信息词recover from computer disasters定位到本⽂的第⼀段。
大学英语四级段落信息匹配题训练
大学英语四级段落信息匹配题训练大学英语四级段落信息匹配题训练：Creative Book Report IdeasA.Are you at a loss for creative book report ideas for your students?If yes.then this article will help you make reading and reviewing books more creative for your class.In an age of PSPs，Xbox，anime and gaming arcades，reading has lost its foothold in the list of hobbies that children tend to cite.Most of the reading that kids do today,comes in the form of compulsory books that they need to read for school and maybe that is the reason they find reading to be an insurmountable and boring task.If you want to inculcate the love for languages and literary masterpieces in your students and want them to devour books everyone should read，then a good way of going about the same would be to get them to start working on creative book report ideas.While working on creative ideas for book reports，your students will have to understand the book in a way that allows them to come up with new ways to present to the class，the essence of the book.B.As a teachel while egging your students to activate their creative gray cells.you will have to help them out with basic ideas that they can work on.Depending on the age bracket that your students belong to，the creative book report ideas will vary.This is so，not just because of the varying attention spans that children of various age groups posses butalso because of the amount of work that kids can put into the report.While a middle school student wiIl be comfortable handling a handy cam，a student from elementary school will be more fascinated if he is working with paints and puppets.So do you want to know how to write a book report creatively?In this article.we will list out for you，a couple of good creative book report ideas for elementary students and for middle school students.C.A book report sandwich is a good creative idea for book reports.As a teacher you can get drawings of a sandwich on sheets of Paper that are of the color of the ingredients of your sandwich，for example，a cream sheet of paper to resemble mayonnaise，red to represent tomato and likewise.Ob.viously,each ingredient should be cut in a way that when assembled together,it looks like a sandwich.Now,give each of your students one of these book sandwiches to create their book report.It can start with the name of the book and the authors name on the top slice of the sandwich.The second ingredient can have the summary of the book on it.Each subsequent ingredient can have a description of the main characters，the setting of the book，the plot，and then his or her views about the book.Once they are done with their book reports，they can staple the book sandwich together and then，you can create a class bulletin board with all the book report sandwiches on display.D.One of the good techniques to retell a story,it is also one of the favorite creative book report ideas among students.The job that the student will have is to read the book and then pick a few objects at his/her home which will allow him/her to retell the story in a way that makes it interesting for his/ her audience.Every time he/she picks out an objectfrom the bag to report the book he/she has read，there has to be a valid connection between the book and the object，which the student can first ask the audience to guess and then go ahead and explain it.This idea is spin—off on the normal show and tells and allows for an interactive book report session.E.This is one of the creative ideas for book reports in which.as the teacher, you will have to divideyour class into groups and give them one book each.The students can then read the book and get together and write a play and act it out for the class.To give a deeper insight into the book，one of the students can play the role of the author and as a group，the students can try and recreate the thought Drocess of the author.The student playing the role of the author can then interrupt the play at lmportant iunctllres and talk about the reasons for these twists in the play and how he/she came up with these plot lines.F.As a voung adult，your students fascination may go beyond the immediate concerns of the book.He/she may want to understand the circumstances in which the book was written，the times then，the events happening in the world and get the authors perspective about the book.Encourage your students to mink on those lines.Divide the class into pairs and give each pair one book to read.Let them then do the roles of the author and a journalist.You can have an interview session in front of the class.enabling them to dissect the book and get a peek into the authors world.G.In a technology—obsessed world，it maybe a very tiny minority of your class that does not get excited with the Drospect of shooting a film.One of the best creative book report ideas for middle school， youwill need to divide the class into groups and give them at least two months to adapt the book that thev have been assigned，into a film.The movie should have a well—adapted screenplay,and allother prerequisites，like a lighting engineer,sound engineer, costume designer,etc.At the end of the given time，the film can be screened in front of the class and then discussed.H.If you are on the lookout for good individual creative book report ideas，then this one could be for you.Assign every student a book and then ask them to start maintaining a diary,from the authorsDoint of vie w.Ask them to come up with imaginary incidents from the authors life and use historical events to explain why the author wrote the book in a certain manner.Alternately, you can also ask your students to give a surrogate ending to the story.I)、These are just few of the options that you could use to inspire your students to come up with creative book report ideas.As kids we tend to be more imaginative and creative .Encourage your students to mink om of the box and appreciate them for their efforts.This will help you have a class that is not only lively and inquisitive by nature but also a class that will cultivate a love for words.46.11eachers can create a class bulletin board to display all the book report sandwiches after their students finish their reports.47.Adopting the method of knowing your author,teachers can encourage students to think beyond the immediate concerns of the book.48.Asking me students to write from their own point of view is suitable for teachers who are on the lookout for good individual creative book report ideas.49.Retelling a story is one of the favorite creative book report ideas among students and it tells and allows for an interactive book report session.50.Nowadays，most of book children read are those they need to read for school.51.Teachers tend to be more imaginative and creative as kids.52.While working on creative ideas for book reports，students will have to understand the book.53.The creative book report ideas vary according to ages because children in different age groups have different attention span.54.If teachers ask their students to shoot a film about a book，they should give them no fewer than two months.55.Teachers have to divide their class into groups and give them one book each is a good creative book report ideas.。
四级匹配题真题及答案解析
四级匹配题真题及答案解析1. Passage A:Key ideas: advancements in technologyAnswer: BIn this passage, the key idea is the advancements in technology. The author talks about how technology has influenced various aspects of our lives, including communication, transportation, and entertainment. The passage highlights the convenience and efficiency that technology has brought to society. For example, the passage mentions how smartphones enable people to connect with each other instantly, how online shopping has made shopping easier, and how streaming services have revolutionized the way we consume media.2. Passage B:Key ideas: benefits of volunteeringAnswer: DPassage B discusses the benefits of volunteering. The author emphasizes how volunteering can have a positive impact on both the volunteers and the communities they serve. The passage mentions that volunteering not only helps individualsdevelop new skills and gain valuable experiences but also allows them to make a difference in the lives of others. Additionally, the passage states that volunteering can improve mental well-being and foster a sense of belonging in society.3. Passage C:Key ideas: environmental issues and responsibilityAnswer: APassage C focuses on environmental issues and our responsibility to address them. The author highlights the importance of taking action to protect the environment to ensure a sustainable future. The passage discusses various environmental problems, such as pollution, deforestation, and climate change. It emphasizes the role of individuals and governments in addressing these issues through initiatives like conservation efforts, renewable energy use, and sustainable practices.4. Passage D:Key ideas: challenges of globalizationAnswer: CPassage D explores the challenges brought about by globalization. The author discusses how globalization has influenced economies, cultures, and societies worldwide. Thepassage mentions issues like economic inequality, cultural homogenization, and loss of local traditions. It also discusses the impact of globalization on job markets and the need for individuals to adapt and acquire new skills in the face of rapid changes.Answer analysis:B: Advancements in technology - Passage A clearly discusses the advancements in technology and their effects on various aspects of our lives. The passage provides examples to support this idea.D: Benefits of volunteering - Passage B highlights the benefits of volunteering, such as personal development, making a difference in society, and improving mental well-being. The passage provides reasons and examples to support this idea.A: Environmental issues and responsibility - Passage C focuses on environmental issues, emphasizing theresponsibility individuals and governments have in addressing them. The passage discusses environmental problems and the need for sustainable practices.C: Challenges of globalization - Passage D explores the challenges brought about by globalization, including economic inequality, cultural homogenization, and the need for individuals to adapt to rapid changes. The passage discusses the negative aspects of globalization.In conclusion, the four passages and their key ideas have been analyzed, and the correct answers have been provided. The article aims to familiarize readers with the concept of matching questions and their answers, providing insights into various topics without delving into any political content.。
大学英语四级信息匹配练习题
⼤学英语四级信息匹配练习题⼤学英语四级信息匹配练习题⼀Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage withten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.长篇阅读Preparing for Computer DisastersA) Summary: When home office computers go down, many small businesses grind to a halt. Fortunately, taking steps to recover from disasters and minimize their effects is quite straightforward.B) Fires, power surges, and floods, they're all facts of life. We read about them in the morning paper and see them on the evening news. We sympathize with the victims and commiserate over their bad luck. We also shake our heads at the digital consequences—melted computers, system failures, destroyed data.Yet, somehow, many of us continue to live by that old mantra of denial: "It won't happen to me." Well, the truth is, at some pointyou'll probably have to deal with at least one disaster. That's just how it goes, and in most aspects of our lives we do something about it. We buy insurance. We stow away provisions. We even make disaster plans and run drills. But for some reason, computer disaster recovery is a blind spot for many of us. It shouldn't be. Home computers contain some of our most important information, both business and personal, and making certain our data survives a disaster should be a priority. Moreover, even the smallest disaster can be a serious disruption. Personal computers have become an integral part of the smooth-running household. We use them to communicate, shop, and do homework, and they're even more vital to home office users. When home office computers go down, many small businesses grind to a halt. Fortunately, taking steps to recover from disasters and minimize their effects is quite straightforward. With a good offsite storage plan and the right tools, you can bounce back quickly and easily from minor computer disasters. And, should a major calamity strike, you can rest assured your data is safe.Offsite Storage: Major DisastersC) House fires and floods are among the most devastating causes of personal computer destruction. That's why a solid offsite backup and recovery plan is essential. Although many home users faithfully back up their hard drives, many would still lose all their data should their house flood our burn. That's because they keep their backups inrelatively close to their computers. Their backup disks might not be in the same room as their computers—tucked away in a closet or even the garage—but they're not nearly far enough away should a seriousdisaster strike. So, it's important to back up your system to a removable medium and to store it elsewhere.D) There are many ways to approach offsite storage. It starts with choice of backup tools and storage medium. Disaster situations are stressful, and your recovery tools shouldn't add to that stress. They must be dependable and intuitive, making it easy to schedule regular backups and to retrieve files in apinch. They must also be compatible with your choice of backup medium. Depending on your tools, you can back up to a variety of durable disk types—from CDs to Jaz drives to remote network servers. Although many of these storage media have high capacity, a backup tool with compression capabilities is a big plus, eliminating the inconvenience of multiple disks or large uploads.E) Once you select your tools and a suitable medium, you need tofind a remote place to store your backups. The options are endless. However, no matter where you choose, be sure the site is secure, easily accessible, and a good distance away from your home. You may also want to consider using an Internet-based backup service. More and more service providers are offering storage space on their servers, and uploading files to a remote location has become an attractivealternative to conventional offsite storage. Of course, before using one of these services, make certain you completely trust the service provider and its security methods. Whatever you do, schedule backups regularly and store them far away fromyour home.Come What May: Handling the Garden Variety Computer CrisisF) Not all home computer damage results from physical disaster. Many less menacing problems can also hobble your PC or destroy your information. Systems crash, kids "rearrange" data, adults inadvertently delete files. Although these events might not seem calamitous, they can have serious implications. So, once again, it's important to be prepared. As with physical disasters, regular backups are essential. However, some of these smaller issues require a response that's more nuanced than wholesale backup and restoration. To deal with less-than-total disaster, your tool set must be both powerful and agile. For example, when a small number of files are compromised, you may want to retrieve those files alone. Meanwhile, if just your settings are affected, you'll want a simple way to roll back to your preferred setup. Yet, should your operating system fail, you'll need a way to boot your computer and perform large-scale recovery. Computer crises come in all shapes and sizes, and your backup and recovery tools must be flexible enough to meet each challenge.The Right Tools for the Right Job: Gearing up for DisasterG) When disaster strikes, the quality of your backup tools can make the difference between utter frustration and peace of mind. Symantec understands this and offers a range of top quality backup and recovery solutions. Norton GoBack is the perfect tool for random system crashes, failed installations, and inadvertent deletions. With this powerful and convenient solution, it's simple to retrieve overwritten files or to bring your system back to its pre-crash state. Norton Ghost is a time-tested home office solution. Equipped to handle full-scale backups, it's also handy for cloning hard drives and facilitating system upgrades. A favorite choice for IT professionals, it's the ideal tool for the burgeoning home office. You can buy Norton Ghost and Norton GoBack separately, or get them both when you purchase Norton System Works.H) Life's disasters, large and small, often catch us by surprise. However, with a little planning and the right tools, you can reduce those disasters to bumpsin the road. So, don't wait another day. Buy a good set of disaster recovery tools, set up an automatic backup schedule, and perform a dry run every now and again. Then, rest easy.对应题⽬:1. You should take steps to recover from computer disasters so as to minimize their effects.2. For some reason, computer disaster recovery is always ignored by many of us.3. You can bounce back quickly and easily minor computer disasters with the help of a good offsite storage plan and the right tools.4. The most devastating causes of personal computer destruction includes house fires and floods.5. It's necessary for us to back up our systems to some transferable medium and to put it somewhere else.6. You should find a distant place to store your backups after selecting your tools and a suitable medium.7. Not only physical disaster can damage your computer.8. The backup and recovery tools must be flexible enough to deal with various computer crises.9. The quality of your backup tools determines whether you are frustrated or have a peaceful mind when disaster strikes.10. You should prepare for your computer disasters now and again.答案参考:1. A 根据题⼲中的信息词recover from computer disasters定位到本⽂的第⼀段。
英语四级段落信息匹配题练习题
英语四级段落信息匹配题练习题：Jaguars Dont Live Here AnymoreA)Earlier this month, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service announced it would appoint critical habitat for the endangered jaguar. Jaguars--the worlds third-largest wild cats, weighing up to 250 pounds, with distinctive black rosettes 。
【题干译文】美国鱼类和野生动物服务中心在最近行动中并没有将资金有效地利用在保护美洲虎上。
【定位】由题干中的in the recent move by the Fish and Wildlife Service定位到原文M)段第一句：The recent move by the Fish and Wildlife Service means that the rare federal funds devoted to protecting wild animals will be wasted on efforts that cannot help save jaguars.【精解】由定位句可知，美国鱼类和野生动物服务中心的最近行动意味着致力于保护野生动物的稀有的联邦资金被浪费了。
题干中的not spent effectively为答案。
5.D)。
【题干译文】美洲虎并未长期定居在美国境内，通过这一证据可以推断美国并非是它们栖息的最好环境。
【定位】由题干中的the best choice for jaguars to live定位到原文D)段：jaguars dont occupy any territory in our country--and that probably means the environment here is no longer ideal for them.【精解】题干中的the best choice与原文中的ideal属于同义转述，题干中的dont settle anywhere here与原文中的dont occupy any territory in our country也属于同义转述，故D)为答案。
四级信息匹配题
四级信息匹配题由于信息量较大，无法提供完整的题目和选项。
以下是一些信息匹配题的例子：1. 阅读下列有关环保的句子，选择相应的解释。
A）The government should impose stricter regulations on companies’ carbon emissions.B）Recycling can significantly reduce the amount of waste that ends up in landfills.C）Plants play a vital role in absorbing carbon dioxide and producing oxygen.D）Replacing plastic bags with reusable ones can reduce plastic pollution.a. Plastic bags should be banned in order to protect the environment.b. Trees are a very important natural resource that need to be protected.c. Recycling is a practical way to prevent environmental degradation.d. Governments should take action to limit the amount of greenhouse gas emissions.2. 阅读下列有关心理学的句子，选择相应的解释。
A）The cognitive perspective focuses on how people process and perceive information.B）Behaviorists believe that behavior is shaped by the environment through reinforcement and punishment.C）The humanistic approach emphasizes the individual’s potentialfor self-actualization.D）The biological perspective explores the relationship between the brain, hormones, and behavior.a. Psychology is the study of the human brain and the nervous system.b. Different schools of thought in psychology have different theories about the nature of human behavior.c. Emotions play an important role in shaping human behavior.d. The focus of psychology is on the study of mental disorders.3. 阅读下列有关企业管理的句子，选择相应的解释。
四级信息匹配题
英语四级信息匹配题
1. 题型介绍
文章中有十个段落，后面有十个句子，判断每个句子属于哪一段的内容。
当然，后面的十个句子都是同意替换过的。
其实四级段落信息匹配题就是原来的快速阅读的变形，篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。
每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。
有的段落可能对应两题，有的段落可能不对应任何一题。
2. 解题方法与策略
1）该题为信息匹配题，只需找到信息在文中出现的段落即可，无须判断信息的正误。
因此，解题的关键就是找到题干的关键词，以便将信息在文中定位，从而缩小查找范围。
2）由1）可知，对文章的整体把握十分重要，因为，在题干中找到关键词之后，要迅速的有的放矢，在文中准确的找到相应的关键词，否则，漫无目标的在文中寻找，既浪费时间，又不能取得很好的效果。
因此，解题时应注意以下几点：快速浏览文章，着重注意段首、段尾句，理清思路，把握文章结构，留心文中的专有名词以及具体数据。
3）题干的关键词一般来说有相当比例为专有名词以及具体数据，与题干信息相匹配的信息有相当比例的为段首段尾句（但也不是绝对的）。
3. 时间分配
一般来说，预览部分为关键，Harry建议大家花5至6分钟预览（着重注意段首、段尾句，理清思路，把握文章结构，留心文中的专有名词以及具体数据），然后快读解题，一般20-30秒一题。
超过一分钟找不到答案先跳过。
总体把握在十分钟左右，最好十分钟之内。
大学英语四级信息匹配练习题四
How to Make Attractive and Effective PowerPoint PresentationsA) Microsoft PowerPoint has dramatically changed the way in which academic and business presentations are made. This article outlines few tips on making more effective and attractive PowerPoint presentations.The TextB) Keep the wording clear and simple. Use active, visual language. Cut unnecessary words—a good rule of thumb is to cut paragraphs down to sentences, sentences into phrases, and phrases into key words. Limit the number of words and lines per slide. Try the Rule of Five-five words per line, five lines per slide. If too much text appears on one slide, use the AutoFit feature to split it between two slides. Click within the placeholder to display the AutoFit Options button (its symbol is two horizontal lines with arrows above and below), then click on the button and choose Split Text between Two Slides from the submenu.C) Font size for titles should be at least 36 to 40, while the text body should not be smaller than 24. Use only two font styles per slide—one for the title and the other for the text. Choose two fonts that visually contrast with each other. Garamond Medium Condensed and Impact are good for titles, while Garamond or Tempus Sans can be used for the text body.D) Embed the fonts in your presentation, if you are not sure whether the fonts used in the presentation are present in the computer that will be used for the presentation. To embed the fonts: (1) On the , click Save As. (2) On the toolbar, click Tools, click Save Options, select the Embed TrueType Fonts check box, and then select Embed characters in use only.E) Use colors sparingly; two to three at most. You may use one color for all the titles and another for the text body. Beconsistent from slide to slide. Choose a font color that contrasts well with the background.F) Capitalizing the first letter of each word is good for the title of slides and suggests a more formal situation than having just the first letter of the first word capitalized. In bullet point lines, capitalize the first word and no other words unless they normally appear capped. Upper and lower case lettering is more readable than all capital letters. Moreover, current styles indicate that using all capital letters means you are shouting. If you have text that is in the wrong case, select the text, and then click Shift+F3 until it changes to the case style that you like. Clicking Shift+F3 toggles the text case between ALL CAPS, lower case, and Initial Capital styles.G) Use bold or italic typeface for emphasis. Avoid underlining, it clutters up the presentation.Don’t center bulleted lists or text. It is confusing to read. Left align unless you have a good reason not to. Run “spell check”on your s how when finished.The BackgroundH) Keep the background consistent. Simple, light textured backgrounds work well. Complicated textures make the content hard to read. If you are planning to use many clips in your slides, select a white background. If the venue of your presentation is not adequately light-proof, select adark-colored background and use any light color for text. Minimize the use of “bells and whistles”such as sound effects, “flying words” and multiple transitions. Don’t use red in any fonts or backgrounds. It is an emotionally overwhelming color that is difficult to see and read.The ClipsI) Animations are best used subtly; too much flashand motion can distract and annoy viewers. Do not rely too heavily on those images that were originally loaded on your computer with the rest of Office. You can easily findappropriate clips on any topic through Google Images. While searching for images, do not use long search phrases as is usually done while searching the web-use specific words.J) When importing pictures, make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes and are in a .jpg format. Larger files can slow down your show. Keep graphs, charts and diagrams simple, if possible. Use bar graphs and pie charts instead of tables of data. The audience can then immediately pick up the relationships.The PresentationK) If you want your presentation to directly open in the slide show view, save it as a slide show the following steps. Open the presentation you want to save as a slide show. On the , click Save As. In the Save as type list, click PowerPoint Show. Your slide show be saved with a ppt . When you double-click on this file, it will automatically start your presentation in slide show view. When you’re done, PowerPoint automatically closes and you return to the desktop. If you want to edit the slide show file, you can always open it from PowerPoint by clicking Open on the .L) Look at the audience, not at the slides, whenever possible. If using a laser pointer, don’t mo ve it too fast. For example, if circling a number on the slide, do it slowly. Never point the laser at the audience. Black out the screen (use “B”on the keyboard) after the point has been made, to put the focus on you. Press the key again to continue your presentation.M) You can use the shortcut command [Ctrl]P to access the Pen tool during a slide show. Click with your mouse and drag to use the Pen tool to draw during your slide show.To erase everything you’ve drawn, press th e E key. To turn off the Pen tool, press [Esc] once.MiscellaneousN) Master Slide Set-Up: The “master slide”will allow you to make changes that are reflected on every slide in your presentation. You can change fonts, colors, backgrounds, headers, and foot ers at the “master slide”level. First, go to the “View” menu. Pull down the “Master”menu. Select the “slide master”menu. You may now make changes at this level that meet your presentation needs.对应题目：1. The ways in which academic and business presentations are made have been changed by Microsoft PowerPoint.2. When making the PowerPoint, the wording of the text should not be complicated.3. In each slide, the font styles for the title and the text should contrast with each other.4. A more formal situation is capitalizing the first letter of the first word.5. Centering bulleted lists or text can not help to read.6. Sound effects should be used as less frequently as possible.7. When importing pictures, make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes.8. When making the presentation, you should look at the audience as possible as you can.9. Pressing the E key can help you to erase everything you've drawn.10. In order to meet your presentation needs, you can make changes at the “slide master”level.答案参考：1. A A段讲到了微软的PowerPoint对学术及商业陈述形式的改变，可以直接定位到文章的首段。
英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习及答案-4-1a049e48168884868762d64a(精选.)
长篇阅读Definitions of ObesityA) How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-weight tables give an approximate guideline as to whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage.B) The World Health Organization recommends using a formula that takes into account a person's height and weight. The "Body Mass Index" (BMI) is calculated by dividing the person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters, and is thus given in units of kg/m2. A BMI of 18.5-24.9 is considered to be the healthiest.A BMI of between 25 and 29.9 is considered to be overweight, while a BMI of over30 is considered to be obese.C) However, it is recognized that this definition is limited as it does not take into account such variables as age, gender and ethnic origin, the latter being important as different ethnic groups have very different fat distributions. Another shortcoming is that it is not applicable to certain very muscular people such as athletes and bodybuilders, who can also have artificially high BMIs. Agencies such as the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) in the USA and the International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) are starting to define obesity in adults simply in termsof waist circumference.Health Effects of ObesityD) Over 2000 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates wrote that "persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender". This observation remains very true today. Obesity has a major impact on a person's physical, social and emotional well-being. It increases the risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2 ("mature onset diabetes") and also makes Type 2 diabetes more difficult to control. Thus weight loss improves the levels of blood glucose and blood fats, and reduces blood pressure. The association between obesity and coronary heart disease is also well-known.CancerE) Furthermore, in 2001 medical researchers established a link between being overweight and certain forms of cancer, and estimated that nearly 10,000 Britons per year develop cancer as a result of being overweight. This figure was made up of 5,893 women and 3,220 men, with the strongest associations being with breast and colon cancers. However, it is thought that being overweight may also increase the risk of cancer in the reproductive organs for women and in the prostate gland for men.F) The link between breast cancer and nutritional status is thought to be due to the steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone, which are produced by the ovaries, and govern a woman's menstrual cycle. Researchers have found that the more a woman eats, or the more sedentary her lifestyle, the higher are the concentrations of progesterone. This link could explain why women from less affluent countries have lower rates of breast cancer. Women from less affluent nations tend to eat less food and to lead lifestyles which involve more daily movement. This lowers their progesterone level, resulting in lower predisposition to breast cancer.G) The Times newspaper, in 2002 reported that obesity was the main avoidable cause of cancer among non-smokers in the Western world!AgingH) Research published by St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK in 2005 showed a correlation between body fat and aging, to the extent that being obese added 8.8 years to a woman's biological age. The effect was exacerbated by smoking, and a non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to their biological age. The combination of being obese and a smoker added at least ten years to a woman’s biological age, and although the study only involved women, the lead researcher Professor Tim Spector believes the finding would also apply to men.I) The aging effect was determined by measuring the length of telomeres, tiny "caps" on the ends of chromosomes, which help protect the DNA from the ageing process. Indeed, telomeres have been dubbed the "chromosomal clock" because, as an organism ages, they become progressively shorter, and can be used to determine the age of the organism. Beyond a certain point, the telomere becomes so short that it is no longer able to prevent the DNA of the chromosome from falling apart. It isbelieved that excess body fat, and the chemicals present in tobacco smoke release free radicals which trigger inflammation. Inflammation causes the production of white blood cells which increases the rate of erosion of telomeres.DementiaJ) Recent research (2005) conducted in the USA shows that obesity in middle age is linked to an increased risk of dementia, with obese people in their 40s being 74% more likely to develop dementia compared to those of normal weight. For those who are merely overweight, the lifetime risk of dementia risk was 35% higher.K) Scientists from the Aging Research Centre at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden have been able to take information such as age, number of years in education, gender, body mass index, blood pressure level, physical activity and genetic factors, assigning each a risk score. They then used this information to devise a predictive test for dementia. This test will enable people at risk, for the first time, to be able to affect lifestyle changes which will reduce their risk of contracting dementia.Other ProblemsL) The world-wide upsurge in obesity, particularly in children, is of major economic concern, liable to drain economies. Of further concern is that research conducted in Australia and published in 2006, shows that up to one third of breech pregnancies were undetected by the traditional "palpation" examination, the danger being greatest for those women who are overweight or obese—a growing proportion of mothers. This means that such women are not getting the treatment required to turn the baby around in time for the birth, and in many cases require an emergency Caesarean section.M) This is a true health-care crisis, far bigger than Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and ultimately, even bigger than AIDS.对应题目：1. You can judge whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage according to the height-weight table.2. Using the "Body Mass Index" to define a person's weight ideal is limited, because it does not takes into account many variables such as age, gender and ethnic origin.3. A person's emotional well-being would be affected by obesity.4. Obesity has something to do with cancer in the prostate gland for man.5. Women from less affluent nations tend to have much less breast cancer.6. A non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added7.4 years to her biological age.7. The excess body fat, like the chemicals present in tobacco smoke, can lead to inflammation.8. Obese people in middle age run an increased risk of dementia .9. The predictive test for dementia will help people to affect lifestyle changes that will reduce their risk of contracting dementia.10. The world-wide upsurge in obesity, particularly in children, will possibly drain economies.仔细阅读练习题汇总There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase.Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.1.Our long-term goals mean a lot______.A.if we complete our short-range goalsB.if we cannot reach solid short-term goalsC.if we write down the datesD.if we put forward some plans2.New short-term goals are bulid upon______.A.two yearsB.long-term goalsC.current activitiesD.the goals that have been completed3.When we complete each step of our goals ,______.A.we will win final successB.we are overwhelmedC.we should build up confidence of successD.we should strong desire for setting new goals4.Once our goals are drawn up,_______.A.we should stick to them until we complete themB.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunitiesC.we had better wait for the exciting news of successD.we have made great decision5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that ______.A.those who habe long-term goals will succeedB.writing down the dates may discourage youC.the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desinationD.every should have a goal答案：adcbcThe economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed,almost fully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. A n economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of the 1950’s, may be typical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War 2. The country’s business spent about 30billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dollars a day ,or about twenty-five million dollars every hour , all round the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them . Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the room. To some observers this was an ominous echo of themid-1920’s . As farmer’s shre of their products declined , marketing costs rose. But there were , among the observers of the national economy, a few who were not as confident as the majority . Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last and would eventually lead to the oppsite-depression.1. What is the best title of the passage?a. The Agriculatural Trends of 1950’sb. The Unemployment Rate of 1950’sc. U.S. Economy in the 50’sd. The Federal Budget of 19522. In Line 3, the word “boom”could best be replaced by______.a. nearby explosionb. thunderous noisec. general public supportd. rapid economic growth3. It can be inferred the national from the passage that most people in the United States in 1955 viewed the national economy with an air of _________.a. confidenceb. confusionc. disappointmentd. suspicion4. Which of the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy in the 1950’s?a. Economistsb. Frmaersc. Politiciansd. Steelworkers5. The passage states that incom available for spending in the U.S. was greater in 1955 than in 1950 . How much was it ?a. 60%b. 50%c. 33%d. 90%答案：cdabcWomen are also underrepresented in the administration and this is because there are so few women full professors. In 1985,Regent Beryl Milburn produced a report blasting the University of Texas System adminitration for not encouraging women.The University was rated among the lowest for the system.In a 1987 update ,Milburn commended the progress that was made and called for even more improvement.One of the positive results from her study was a System-wide program to inform women of available administrative jobs.College of Communication Associate Dean Patrica Witherspoon,said it is important that woman be flexible when it comesto relocating if they want to rise in the ranks.Although a woman may face a chilly climate on campus , many times in order for her to succeed , she must rise above the problems around her and concentrate on her work.Until women make up a greater percentage of the senior positions in the University and all academia,inequities will exist."Women need to spend their energies and time doing scholarly activities that are important here at the University." Spirduso said. "If they do that will be successful in this system.If they spend their time in little groups mourning the sexual discrimination that they think exists here, they are wasting valuable study time."1.According to Spirduso,women need to ____.a.produce a report on sexual discriminationb.call for further improvement in their working conditionsc.spend their energies and time fighting against sexual discriminationd.spend more time and energy doing scholarly activities2.From this passage ,we know that _____.a.there are many women full professors in the University of Texasb.women play an important part in adminitrating the Universityc.the weather on the campus is chillyd.women make up a small percentage of the senior positions in the University3.Which of the following statements is true?a.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was greater than that of 1985b.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was smaller than that of 1985c.the number of women professors was the same as that of 1985d.more and more women professors thought that sexual discrimination did exit in the University4.One of the positive results from Milburn's study was that _____.a.women were told to con centrate on teir workb.women were given information about available administrative jobsc.women were encouraged to take on all the administrative jobs in the Unversityd.women were encouraged to do more scholarly activities5. The title for this passage should be _______.a.The University of Texasburn's Reportc.Women Professorsd.Sexual Discrimination in Academia答案：ddabdToday ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.1.According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by_____.a.traffic accidentsb.smoking-related deseasec.murderd.all of these2.Every day there are over_____high school strdents who will become regular smoker.a.75b.23c.30d.30003.By "dropout" the author means______.a.students who failed the examinationb.students who left schoolc.students who lost their wayd.students who were driven out of school4.The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that ________.a.NCI has taken effective measuresb.smoking is prevented among high school seniorsc.there are many smokers who have died of cancerd.none of these5.What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________.a.smoking rates among youth have declined very littleb.there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniorsc.high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealthd.smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds答案：bdbdbThe food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health.Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat ,it has, at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well,especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is nto a new discovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realized that nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats,and other food additivies,caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and living animals, and because of this ,penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes,but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.1.What is the best possible title of the passage?a.Drug and Foodb.Cancer and Healthc.Food and Healthd.Health and Drug2.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?a.Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasonsb.Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animalsc.Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for over thirty-five years.d.Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world.3.How has science done something harmful to mankind?a.Because of science , diseases caused by polluted food haven been virtually eliminated.b.It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.c.Because of the application of science,some potentially harmful substances have been added to food.d.The scientists have preserved the color of meats,but not of vegetables.4.What are nitrates used for?a.They preserve flavor in packaged foods.b.They preserve the color of meats.c.They are the objects of research.d.They cause the animals to become fatter.5.The word 'carcinogenic' most nearly means '_____'.a.trouble-makingb.color-retainingc.money-makingd.cancer-causing答案：cacbd参考答案：1. A2. C3. D4. E5. F6. H7. I8. J9. K10. L最新文件---------------- 仅供参考--------------------已改成-----------word文本--------------------- 方便更改赠人玫瑰，手留余香。
CET4信息匹配及答案整合(DOC)
(一).The Touch-Screen GenerationA.On a chilly day last spring, a few dozen developers of children's apps (应用程序) for phones andtablets (平板电脑) gathered at an old beach resort in Monterey, California, to show off their games.The gathering was organized by Warren .Buckleitner, a longtime reviewer of interactive children'smedia. Buckleitner spent the breaks testing whether his own remote-control helicopter could reachthe hall's .second story, while various children who had come with their parents looked up in awe(敬畏) and delight. But mostly they looked down, at the iPads and other tablets displayed around thehall like so many open boxes of candy. I walked around and talked with developers, and severalquoted a famous saying of Maria Montessori's, "The hands are the instruments of man's intelligence."B. What, really, would Maria Montessori have made of this scene? The 30 or so children here were notdown at the shore poking (戳) their fingers in the sand or running them along stones or pickingseashells. Instead they were all inside, alone or in groups of two or three, their faces a few inchesfrom a screen, their hands doing things Montessori surely did not imagine.C. In 2011, the American Academy of Pediatrics updated .its policy on very young children and media- In1999, the group had discouraged television viewing for children younger than 2, citing research onbrain development that showed this age group's critical need for "direct interactions with parents andother significant care givers." The updated report began by acknowledging that things had changedsignificantly since then. In 2006, 90% of parents said that their children younger than 2 consumedsome form of electronic media. Nevertheless, the group took largely the same approach it did in1999, uniformly discouraging passive media use, on any type of screen, for these kids. (For olderchildren, the academy noted,"high-quality programs" could have"'educational benefits.") The 2011report nentioned"smart cell phone" and"new screen" technologies, but did not address interactive- apps. Nor did it bring up the possibility that has likely occurred to those 90% of American parentsthat some good might come from those little swiping (在电子产品上刷) fingers.D. I had come to the developers' conference partly because I hoped that this particular set of parents,enthusiastic as they were about interactive media, might help me out of this problem, that they mightoffer some guiding principle for American parents who are clearly never going to meet the academy'sideals, and at some level do not want to. Perhaps this group would be able to express clearly some benefits of the new technology that the more cautious doctors weren't ready to address.E. I fell into conversation with a woman who had helped develop Montessori Letter Sounds, an app thatteaches preschoolers the Montessori methods of spelling. She was a former Montessori teacher and amother of four. I myself have three children Who are all fans of the touch screen. What games didher kids like to play, I asked, hoping for suggestions I could take home."They don't play all that much."Really? Why not?"Because I don't allow it. We have a rule of no screen time during the week, unlessit's clearlyeducational."No screen time? None at all? That seems at the outer edge of restrictive, even by the standards ofovercontrolling parents."On the weekends, they can play. I give them a limit of half an hour and then stop. Enough."F. Her answer so surprised me that I decided to ask some of the other developers who were alsoparents what their domestic ground rules for screen time were. One said only on airplanes and longcar rides. Another said Wednesdays and weekends, for half an hour. The most permissive said halfan hour a day, which was about my rule at home. At one poing I sat with one of the biggestdevelopers of e-book apps for kids, and his family. The small kid was starting to fuss in her highchair, so the morn stuck an iPad in front of her and played a short movie so everyone else couldenjoy their lunch. When she saw me watching, she gave me the universal tense look of mothers whofeel they are being judged. "At home," she assured me, "I only let her watch movies in Spanish."G. By their reactions, these parents made me understand the problem of our age: as technology becomesalmost everywhere in our lives, American parents are becoming more, not less, distrustful of what itmight be doing to their children. Technological ability has not, for parents, translated into comfortand ease. On the one hand, parents want their children to swim expertly in the digital s~ream thatthey will have to navigate (航行) all their lives; on the other hand, they fear that too much digitalmedia, too early, will sink them. Parents end up treating tablets as precision surgical (外科的)instruments, devices that might perform miracles for their child's IQ and help him win some greatrobotics competitionbut only if they are used just so. Otherwise, their child could end up one of~ those sad, pale creatures who can't make eye contact and has a girlfriend who lives only in thevirtual world.H. Norman Rockwell, a 20th-century artist, never painted Boy Swiping Finger on Screen, and our ownvision of a perfect childhood has never been adjusted to accommodate that now-common scene. Addto that our modern fear that every parenting decision may have lasting consequences--that everyminute of enrichment lost or mindless entertainment indulged (放纵的) will add up to somepermanent handicap (障碍) in the futureand you have deep guilt and confusion. To date, no bodyof research has proved that the iPad will make your preschooler smarter or teach her to speakChinese, or alternatively that it will rust her nervous system--the device has been out for only threeyears, not much more than the time it takes some academics to find funding and gather researchsubjects. So what m a parent to do?注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答.46. The author attended the conference, hoping to find some guiding principles for parenting in theelectronic age.47. American parents are becoming more doubtful about the benefits technology is said to bring to theirchildren.48. Some experts believe that human intelligence develops by the use of hands.49. The author found a former Montessori teacher exercising strict control over her kids' screen time.50. Research shows interaction with people is key to babies' brain development.51. So far there has been no scientific proof of the educational benefits of iPads.52. American parents worry that overuse of tablets will create problems with their kids' interpersonalrelationships.53. The author expected developers of children's apps tospecify the benefits of the new technology.54. The kids at the gathering were more fascinated by the iPads than by the helicopter.55. The author permits her children to use the screen for at most half an hour a day.Section C触屏一代A)在去年一个寒冷的春日，几十家研发手机及平板电脑儿童应用程序的开发商聚集在加州蒙特利的一个旧海滨度假村，展示他们的游戏应用。
2019年12月英语四级阅读段落信息匹配训练及答案(4)
2019年12月英语四级阅读段落信息匹配训练及答案(4)段落信息匹配题是四六级改革之后的新题型，很多同学还不是很熟悉，以下是小编为同学们整理的英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习，希望对各位有所协助。
A Grassroots RemedyA) Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they don't run the streets. Every one of the minstinctively heads to the park or the river. It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.B) But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived ( 丧失) , I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Stratham Common, south London. These days, children are robbed of these an cientfreedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.C) The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the U.S. families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD -- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( 多动症) .Those whose accommodation had morenatural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.D) A study in Sweden indicated that kindergartenchildren who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A U.S. study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school.E) Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.F) Most bullying (持枪凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac (柏油碎石) play ground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds mean pleasantly of Sunny hill School in Stratham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about incomers fantasizing about wildlife. The children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves： not to their bodies but to their souls.G) One of the great problems of modem childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature giveshuge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.H) The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for thegrowing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a gardenis the single most important thing in finding that quality.I) In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundingsim prove all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behavior are reduced when there is contact with the natural world. Dr. William Bird, researcher from the Royal Societyfor the Protection of birds, states in his study, "A natural environment can reduce violent behavior because itsrestorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behavior." Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.J) We tend to look on nature conservation as some kindof favor that human beings are granting to the natural world. The error here is far too deep： not only do humans neednature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity andthe natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging. Human beings are a species of mammals (哺乳动物) . For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the natural world and long for contact with nonhuman life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stoked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that. We need the wild world. It isessential to our well-being, our health, our happiness.Without the wild world we are not more but less civilized. Without other living things around us we are less than human.K) Five Ways to Find Harmony with the Natural World Walk：Break the rhythm of permanently being under a roof. Get off a stop earlier, make a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walkthe child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb.Sit： Take a moment, every now and then, to be still inan open space. In the garden, anywhere that's not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water, feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed.Drink： The best way to enjoy the natural world is by oneself; the second best way is in company. Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering： talk with the sun and the wind with bird-song for background.Learn： Expand your boundaries. Leam five species of bird, five butterflies, five trees, five bird songs. That way, you see and hear more： and your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life.Travel： The places you always wanted to visit： by the seaside, in the country, in the hills. Take a week-end break, a day-trip, get out these and do it： for the scenery, forthe way through the woods, for the birds, for the bees. Go somewhere special and bring specialness home. It lasts forever, after all.46. The study in Sweden shows that more access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.47. The author's profound belief is that people instinctively seek nature in different ways.48. It can be very helpful to provide more green spaces for children with ADHD.49. Elderly people will enjoy a life of better quality when they contact more with nature.50. Nowadays, people think things that can be bought are best for children, rather than things that can be found.51. Dr. William Bird suggests in his study that access to nature contributes to the reduction of violence.52. According to a study in the U. S. Children with ADHD whose accommodation had more natural views showed much better improvement.53. Children who have chances to explore natural areas are less likely to be involved in bullying.54. We can find harmony with the natural world in various ways, among which there are walking, sitting, drinking, learning and traveling.55. It is extremely harmful to think that humanity and the natural world can be separated.大自然疗法A)【47】我们中的绝大部分人都套花时间寻求与大自然亲近。
英语四级段落信息匹配题及答案
英语四级段落信息匹配题及答案如英语俨然也成为了一门必修必须掌握的学科，英语四级已经成为大学生们很基本的一门考试了，今天店铺在这里为大家分享一些英语四级段落信息匹配题，欢迎大家阅读!英语四级段落信息匹配题篇1Paper--More than Meets the EyeA) We are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy to forget just how complex it is. There are many varieties and grades of paper materials, and whilst it is fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is far more difficult to spot the grades.B) It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufactured for a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly not something destined for the archives. It is made to look good, but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper to manufacture than high grade card.C) Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose-based material which will include many woods, cottons and grasses or which papyrus is an example and from where we get the word "paper". Many of these are very specialized, but the preponderance of paper making has been from soft wood and cotton or rags, with the bulk being wood-based.Paper from WoodD) In order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine strands. Firstly by powerfulmachinery and then boiled with strong alkalies such as caustic soda, until a fine pulp of cellulose fibers is produced. It is from this pulp that the final product is made, relying on the bonding together of the cellulose into layers. That, in a very small nutshell, is the essence of papermaking from wood. However, the reality is rather more complicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, the makers will addbleach and other materials such as china clay and additional chemicals.E) A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that is not cellulose. Something calledlignin. This is essential for the tree since it holds the cellulose fibres together, but if it is incorporated into the manufactured paper it presents archivists with a problem. Lignin eventually breaks down and releases acid products into the paper. This will weaken the bond between the cellulose fibers and the paper will become brittle and look rather brown and careworn. We have all seen this in old newspapers and cheap paperback books. It has been estimated that most paper back books will have a life of notgreater than fifty years. Not what we need for our archives.F) Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulp during manufacture, the obvious question is "why is it left in the paper?" The answer lies in the fact that lignin makes up a considerable part of the tree. By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paper yield from a tree to some 95%. Removing it means a yield of only 35%. It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin for many paper and card applications.G) It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper is going to be more expensive, but that is nevertheless what the archivist must look for in his supplies. There is no point whatsoever in carefully placing our valuable artifacts in paper or card that is going to hasten their demise. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials, causing them to fade and is some cases simply vanish!H) So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card fromone that is unsuitable? You cannot do it by simply looking, and rather disappointingly, you cannot always rely on the label. "Acid-free" might be true inasmuch as a test on the paper may indicate that it is a neutral material at this time. But lignin can take years before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down, and in the right conditions it will speed up enormously.I) Added to this, as I have indicated earlier, paper may also contain other materials added during manufacture such as bleach, china clay, chemical whiteners and size. This looks like a bleak picture, and it would be but for the fact that there are suppliers who will guarantee the material that they sell. If you want to be absolutely sure that you are storing in, or printing on, the correct material then this is probably the only way.J) Incidentally, acids can migrate from material to material. Lining old shoe boxes with good quality acid-free paper will do little to guard the contents. The acid will get there in the end.Paper from RagK) Paper is also commonly made from cotton and rag waste. This has the advantage of being lignin-free, but because there is much less cotton and rag than trees, it also tends to be much more expensive than wood pulp paper. You will still need to purchase from a reliable source though, since even rag paper and card can contain undesirable additives.L) A reliable source for quality rag papers is a recognized art stockiest. Many water color artists insist on using only fine quality rag paper and board.M) The main lesson to learn from this information is that you cannot rely on purchasing archival materials from the high street. The only safe solution is to purchase from specialist suppliers. It may cost rather more, but in the end you will know that yourimportant and valuable data and images have the best home possible.1. The corn-flake packet is cheaper than high grade card.2. There are a lot of materials which can be used for making paper, but the superiority ones are soft wood, cotton and rags.3. During the whole manufacturing process, the final product is made from a pulp of cellulose fibres.4. In order to make white paper and card, the makers will add bleach.5. Liguin is essential for the tree but it will make paper easy to break.6. Many paper producers will preserve lignin during manufacture, because leaving the lignin will make more paper from a tree.7. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials.8. If the lignin is removed from the paper, the paper will be more expensive.9. Although free of lignin, paper made from cotton and rag waste can also cost more money than wood pulp paper because there is much less cotton and rag than trees.10. What we can learn from "Paper from Rag" is that you had better buy archival materials from specialist suppliers.答案参考：1. B 根据题干中的信息提示词corn—flake packet,high grade card,可定位到文章第二段，该部分最后提到corn-flake packet在制造过程中比高等级的纸(high grade card)便宜.2. C 根据题干中的信息提示词soft wood，cotton and rags，可定位到文章第三段最后一句。
大学英语四级信息匹配Word版
大学英语四、六级考试信息匹配题阅读训练Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraph. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Passage 1Surviving the RecessionA)America’s recession began quietly at the end of 2007. Since then ithas evolved into a global crisis. Reasonable people may disagree about whom to blame. Financiers who were not as clever as they thought they were? Regulators falling asleep at work? Consumers who borrowed too much? Politicians who thoughtlessly promoted home-ownership for those who could not afford it? All are guilt; and what a mess they have created.B)Since 2007 America has shed 5 million jobs. More than 15% of theworkforce are jobless or underemployed—roughly 25 million workers.The only industries swelling their payrolls are health care, utilities and the federal government. The value of listed shares in American firms collapsed by 57% from its peak in October 2007 to a low in March this year, though it has since bounded back somewhat. Industrial production fell by 12.8% in the year to March, the worst slide since the Second World War. Mark Zandi, an economist at Moody’s , predicts that the recession will shrink America’s economy by 3.5% in total. “For most executives, this is the worst business environment they’ve ever seen.”C)Times are so tough that even bosses are taking pay cuts. Median （中位数的）pay for chief executives of S&P 500 companies fell 6.8% in 2008.The overthrown business giants of Wall Street took the biggest knock, with average pay cuts of 38% and median bonuses of zero. But there was some pain for everyone: median pay for chief executives of non-financial firms in the S&P 500 fell by 2.7%.D)Nearly every business has a sad tale to tell. For example, Arne Sorenson,the president of Marriott hotel, likens the crisis to the downturn that hit his business after September 11th, 2001. When the twin towers fell, Americans stopped travelling. Marriott had its worst quarter ever, with revenues per room falling by 25%. This year, without a terrorist attack, the hotel industry is “putting the same numbers on the board”, says Mr. Sorenson.E)Other industries have suffered even more. Large numbers of builders,property firms and retailershave gone bankrupt. And a disaster has hit Detroit. Last year the American car industry had the capacity to make 17 million vehicles.Sales in 2009 could be barely half of that. The Big Three American carmakers—General Motors, Ford and Chrysler—accumulated ruinous costs over the post-war years, such as gold-plated health plans and pensions for workers who retired as young as 48. All three are desperately restructuring. Only Ford may survive in its current form.F)Hard times breed hard feeling. Few Americans understand what causedthe recession. Some are seeking scapegoats （替罪羊）. Politicians are happy to take advantage. Bosses have been summoned to Washington to be scolded on live television. The president condemns their greed. G)Business folks are bending over backwards to avoid seeming extravagant.Meetings at resorts are suddenly unacceptable. Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, cancelled a conference in Las Vegas at the last minute and rebooked it in San Francisco, which cost more but sounded less fun. H)Anyway, the pain will eventually end. American business will regainits shine. Many firms will die, but the survivors will emerge leaner and stronger than before. The financial sector’s share of the economy will shrink, and stay shrunk for years to come. The importance of non-financial firms will accordingly rise, along with their ability to attract the best talent. America will remain the best place on earth to do business, so long as Barack Obama and the Democrats in Congress resist the temptation to interfere too much, and so long as organized labors does not overplay its hand.I)Mr. Obama’s plan to curb carbon dioxide emissions （排放）, thoughnecessary, will be far from cost-free, whatever his sunny speeches on the subject might suggest. The shift to a low-carbon economy will help some firms, hurt others and require every organization that uses much energy to rethink how it operates. It is harder to predict how Mr.Obama’s proposed reforms to the failing health-care system will turn out. If he succeeds in curbing costs—a big if—it would be a huge gain for America. Some business will benefit but the vast bulk of the savings will be captured by workers, not their employers.J)In the next couple of years the businesses that thrive will be those that are tight with costs, careful of debt, cautious with cash flow and extremely attentive to what customers want. They will include plenty of names no one has yet heard of.K)Times change, and corporations change with them. In 1955 Time’s Man of the Year was Harlow Curtice, the boss of GM. His firm was leading America towards “a new economic order”, the magazine wrote. Thanks to men like Curtice, “the bonds of scarcity” had been broken and America was rolling “to an all-time high of prosperity”. Soon, Americans would need to spend“comparatively little time earning a living”.L)Half a century later GM is a typical example for poor management. In March its chief executive was fired by Time’s current Man of the Year, Mr. Obama. The government now backs up the domestic car industry, lending it money and overseeing its turnaround plans. With luck, this will be short-lived. But there is a danger that Washington will end up micromanaging not only Detroit but also other parts of the economy.And clever as Mr. Obama’s advisers are, history suggests they will be bad at this.1.The America’s recession affected the hotel industry as badly as the9/11 terrorist attack.2.Businessmen are trying to avoid seeming wasteful in response to therecession.3.In the near future, a thriving business will go with cautiousmanagement tactics.4.Much doubt remains whether the Obama administration will do well inmicromanaging the America’s economy.5. A combination of causes is responsible for the current Americanrecession, which began in 2007.6.The government is not supposed to interfere too much in Americanbusinesses.7.The big Three American carmakers need restructuring to survive due totheir accumulation of the ruinous costs over the post-war years.8.In March, GM”s chief executive was fired by Obama for poor management.9.According to the author, Obama’s plan to limit carbon dioxideemissions will by no means be inexpensive.10.At the worst time, the total value of listed shares in American firmsshrank by fifty-seven percent.(D G J L A H E L I B)Passage twoSmall schools RisingA)This year’s list of the top 100 high schools shows that today, thosewith fewer students are flourishing.B)Fifty years ago, they were the latest thing in educational reform: big,modern, suburban high schools with students counted in the thousands.As baby boomers（二战后婴儿潮时期出生的人）came of high-school age, big schools promised economic efficiency. A greater choice of courses, and, of course, better football teams. Only years later did we understand the trade-offs this involved: the creation of excessive bureaucracies（官僚机构）,the difficulty of forging personal connections between teachers and students. SAT scores began droppingin 1963; today, on average, 30% of students do not complete high school in four years, a figure that rises to 50% in poor urban neighborhoods.While the emphasis on teaching to higher, test-driven standards as set in No Child Left Behind resulted in significantly better performance in elementary (and some middle) schools, high schools for a variety of reason seemed to have made little progress.C)Size isn’t everything, but it does matter, and the past decade hasseen a noticeable countertrend toward smaller schools. This has been due, in part, to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has invested $1.8 billion in American high schools, helping to open about 1000 small schools—most of them with about 400 kids each, with an average enrollment of only 150 per grade. About 500 more are on the drawing board. Districts all over the county are taking notice, along with mayors in cities like New York, Chicago and San Diego. The movement includes independent public charter schools, such as No.1 BASIS in Tucson, with only 120 high-schools and 18 graduates this year. It embraces district-sanctioned magnet schools, such as the Talented and Gifted School, with 198 students, and the Science and Engineering Magnet, with 383, which share a building in Dallas, as well as the City Honors School in Buffalo, N.Y., which grew out of volunteer evening seminars for students. And it includes alternative schools with students selected by lottery（抽签）, such as H.B Woodlawn in Arlington, Va. And most noticeable of all, there is the phenomenon of large urban and suburban high schools that have split up into smaller units of a few hundred, generally housed in the same grounds that once boasted thousands of students all marching to the same band.D)Hillsdale High School in San Mateo, Calif., is one of those, rankingNo. 423—among the top 2% in the country—on Newsweek’s annual ranking of America’s top high schools. The success of small schools is apparent in the listings. Ten years ago, when the first Newsweek list based on college-level test participation was published, only three of the top 100 schools had graduating classes smaller than 100 students.This year there are 22. Nearly 250 schools on the full Newsweek list of the top 5% of schools nationally had fewer than 200 graduates in 2007.E)Although many of Hillsdale’s students came from wealthy households,by the late 1990 average test scores were sliding and it had earned the unaffectionate nickname “Hillsjail”. Jeff Gibert, a Hillsdale teacher who became principal last year, remembers sitting with other teachers watching students file out of a graduation ceremony and asking one another in astonishment, “How did that student graduated?”F)So in 2003 Hillsdale remade itself into three “houses”, romanticallynamed Florence, Marrakech and Kyoto. Each of the 300 arriving ninth graders are randomly assigned to one of the houses, where they will keep the same four core subject teachers for two years, before moving on to another for 11th and 12th grades. The closeness this system cultivates is reinforced by the institution of “advisory”classes. Teachers meet with students in groups of 25, five mornings a week, for open-ended discussions of everything from homework problems to bad Saturday-night dates. The advisers also meet with students privately and stay in touch with parents, so they are deeply invested in the students’ success.“We’re constantly talking about one another’s advisers,” says English teacher Chris Crockett. “If you hear that yours isn’t doing well in math, or see them sitting outside the dean’s office, it’s like a personal failure.” Along with the new structure came a more demanding academic program, the percentage of freshmen taking biology jumped from 17 to 95. “It was rough for some. But by senior year, two-thirds have moved up to physics,” says Gilbert. “Our kids are coming to school in part because they know there are adults here who know them and care for them.”But not all schools show advances after downsizing, and it remains to be seen whether smaller schools will bea cure-all solution.G)The Newsweek list of top U.S. high schools was made this year, as inyears past, according to a single metric, the proportion of students taking college-level exams. Over the years the system has come in for its share of criticism for its simplicity. But that is also its strength: it’s easy for readers to understand, and to do the arithmetic for their own schools if they’d like.H)Ranking schools is always controversial, and this year a group of 38superintendents（地区教育主管）from five states wrote to ask that their schools be excluded from the calculation. “It is impossible to know which high schools are ‘the best’in the nation,”their letter read, in part. “Determining whether different schools do or don’t offera high quality of education requires a look at many different measures,including students’overall academic accomplishments and their subsequent performance in college. And taking into consideration the unique needs of their communities.”I)In the end the superintendents agreed to provide the data we sought,which is, after all, public information. There is, in our view, no real dispute here; we are all seeking the same thing, which is schools that better serve our children and our nation by encouraging students to make tough subjects under the guidance of gifted teachers. And if we keep working toward that goal, someday, perhaps a list won’t be necessary.1.In practical use, simplicity is still considered a strength ofNewsweek’s school ranking system in spite of the criticism it receives.2.As a result setting up big schools, students’ performance declined.3.Newsweek ranked high schools according to their college-level testparticipation.4.Half a century ago, big, modern, suburban high schools were establishedto ensure efficient education for baby boomers.5.It is agreed that qualified teachers, better services andencouragement are keys to reaching the ultimate goal of school education.6.The most noticeable trend in high school education is the splittingof large schools into smaller ones.7.It is still unknown whether smaller schools will be a solution to alleducational problems.8.High schools funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation are smallin size.9.Different measures should be used in assessing the quality of schooleducation.10.The “advisory” classes at Hillsdale were set up so that studentscould maintain closer relationship with their teachers.(G B D B I C F C H F)Passage 3.HighwaysA)Early in the 20th century, most of the streets and roads in the U.S.were made of dirt, brick, and cedar wood blocks. Built for horse, carriage, and foot traffic, they were usually poorly cared for and too narrow to accommodate（容纳）automobiles.B)With the increase in auto production, private turnpike（收费公路）companies under local authorities began to spring up, and by 1921 there were 387000 miles of paved roads. Many were built using specifications of 19th century Scottish engineers Thomas Telford and John MacAdam (for whom the macadam surface is named), whose specifications stressed the importance of adequate drainage. Beyond that, there were no national standards for size, weight restrictions, or commercial signs. During World War I. roads throughout the country were nearly destroyed by the weight of trucks. When General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 1919, after serving in the U.S. army’s first transcontinental motor convoy （车队）, he noted: “The old convoy had started me thinking about good, two-lane highways, but Germany’s Autobahn or motorway had made me see the wisdom of broader ribbons across the land.”C)It would take another war before the federal government would act ona national highway system. During World War II, a tremendous increasein trucks and new roads were required. The war demonstrated how critical highways were to the defense effort. Thirteen percent of defense plants received all their supplies by truck, and almost allother plants shipped more than half oftheir products by vehicle. The war also revealed that local control of highways had led to a confusing variety of design standards. Even federal and state highways did not follow basic standards. Some states allowed trucks up to 36000 pounds, while others restricted anything over 7000 pounds. A government study recommended a national highway system of 33920 miles, and congress soon passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944, which called for strict, centrally controlled design criteria.D)The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has beenhailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century.To build its 44000-mile web of highways, bridges, and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out.Consider the many geographic features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, deserts and plains. Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of road use, and the nature of the underlying soil. Urban areas were another problem. Innovative designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country, forever altering the face of America.E)Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as HaleBoggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkable tunnels like Fort McHeny in Maryland and Mt. Baker in Washington, met many of the nation’s physical challenges. Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns.F)Today, the interstate system links every major city in the U.S. withCanada and Mexico. Built with safety in mind, the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians, or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limited access. The death rate on highways is half of all other U.S. roads (.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 per 100 million on all other roads).G)By opening the North American continent, highways have enabledconsumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country, spurred the growth of suburbs, and provided people with greater options in term of jobs, access to cultural programs, health care, and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what they cherish most: personal freedom of mobility.H)The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation’seconomic growth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent the nation’s freight deliveries arrive by truck; and most productsthat arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle. Not only has the highway system affected the America economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.I)By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads,residential streets, expressways, and freeways built to support millions of vehicles. The highway system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vision and leadership. The year construction began he said: “Together, the united forces of our communication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bear —United States. Without them, we would be a mere alliance of many separate parts.”1.Many of the problems presented by the country’s geographical featuresfound solutions in innovative engineering projects.2. A century ago, there were almost no national standards for paved roadsin the U.S.3.The interstate system was renamed after Eisenhower in recognition ofhis vision and leadership.4.General Eisenhower felt that the broad motorways made more sense thanthe two-lane highways of America.5.It was in the 1950s that the American government finally took actionto build a national highway system.6.Under safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways ismuch lower than that of other American roads.7.Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than seventy-fivepercent of the freight in U.S.8.Thanks to the highways, American people can go anywhere they likearound the country.9.To a certain extent, the development of interstate highway system inAmerica has promoted the nation’s economic growth.10.In terms of highway construction, the whole world was influenced bythe U.S.(D B I B D F H G H E)Passage 4The MagicianThe revolution that Steve Jobs led is only just beginningA)When it came to putting on a show, nobody else in the computer industry,or any other industry for that matter, could match Steve Jobs. His product launches, at which he would stand alone on a black stage andproduce as if by magic an“incredible”new electronic gadget （小器具）in front of an amazed crowd, were the performances of a master showman. All computers do is fetch and work with numbers, he once explained, but do it fast enough and “the results appear to be magic”. Mr. Jobs, who died recently aged 56, spent his life packaging the magic into elegantly designed, easy-to-use products.B)The reaction to his death, with people leaving candles and flowersoutside Apple stores and politicians singing praises on the internet, is proof that Mr. Jobs had become something much more significant than just a clever money-maker. He stood out in three ways—as a technologist, as a corporate leader and as somebody who was able to make people love what had previously been impersonal, functional gadgets. Strangely, it is this last quality that may have the deepest effect on the way people live. The era of personal technology is in many ways just beginning.C)As a technologist, Mr. Jobs was different because he was not an engineer—and that was his great strength. Instead he was keenly interested in product design and aesthetics（美学）, and in making advanced technology simple to use. He repeatedly took an existing but half-formed idea—the mouse-driven computer, the digital music player, the smartphone, the tablet computer（平板电脑）—and showed the rest of the industry how to do it properly. Rival firms competed with each other to follow where he led. In the process he brought about great changes in computing, music, telecoms and the news business that were painful for existing firms but welcomed by millions of consumers. D)Within the wider business world, a man who liked to see himself as ahippy, permanently in revolt against big companies, ended up being hailed by many of those corporate giants as one of the greatest chief executives of his time. That was partly due to his talents: showmanship, strategic vision, an astonishing attention to detail and a dictatorial management style which many bosses must have envied. But most of all it was the extraordinary trajectory（轨迹）of his life. His fall from grace in the 1980s, followed by his return to Apple in 1996 after a period in the wilderness, is an inspiration to any businessperson whose career has taken a turn for the worse. The way in which Mr. Jobs revived the failing company he had co-founded and turned it into the world’s biggest tech firm (bigger even than Bill Gate’s Microsoft, the company that had outsmarted Apple so dramatically in the 1980s), sounds like something from a Hollywood movie.E)But what was perhaps most astonishing about Mr. Jobs was the absoluteloyalty he managed to inspire in customers. Many Apple users feel themselves to be part of a community, with Mr. Jobs as its leader. And there was indeed a personal link. Apple’s products were designed to accord with the boss’s taste and to meet his extremely high standards. Every iPhone or MacBook has his fingerprints all over it. His great achievement was to combine an emotional spark with computer technology, and make the resulting product feel personal. And that is what put Mr. Jobs on the right side of history, as technological innovation has moved into consumer electronics over the past decade.F)As our special report in this issue (printed before Mr. Job s’s death)explains, innovation used to spill over from military and corporate laboratories to the consumer market, but lately this process has gone into reverse. Many people’s homes now have more powerful, and more flexible, devices than their offices do; consumer gadgets and online services are smarter and easier to use than most companies’systems.Familiar consumer products are being adopted by businesses, government and the armed forces. Companies are employing in-house versions of Facebook and creating their own “app stores”to deliver software to employees. Doctors use tablet computers for their work in hospitals.Meanwhile, the number of consumers hungry for such gadgets continues to swell. Apple’s products are now being snapped up in Delhi and Dalian just as in Dublin and Dallas.G)Mr. Jobs had a reputation as a control freak（怪人）, and his criticscomplained that the products and systems he designed were closed and inflexible, in the name of greater ease of use. Yet he also empowered millions of people by giving them access to cutting-edge technology.His insistence on putting users first, and focusing on elegance and simplicity, has become deep-rooted in his own company, and is spreading to rival firms too. It is no longer just at Apple that designers ask: “What would Steve Jobs do?”H)The gap between Apple and other tech firms is only likely to narrow.This week’s announcement of a new iPhone by a management team led by Tim Cook, who replaced Mr. Jobs as chief executive in August, was generally regarded as competent but uninspiring. Without Mr. Jobs to shower his star dust on the event, it felt like just another product launch from just another technology firm. At the recent unveiling ofa tablet computer by Jeff Bezos of Amazon, whose company is doing thebest job of following Apple’s lead in combining hardware, software, content and services in an easy-to-use bundle, there were several attacks at Apple. But by doing his best to imitate Mr. Jobs, Mr. Bezos also flattered him. With Mr. Jobs gone, Apple is just one of many technology firms trying to arouse his uncontrollable spirit in new products.I)Mr. Jobs was said by an engineer in the early years of Apple to emita “reality distortion（扭曲）field”, such were his powers ofpersuasion. But in the end he created a reality of his own, channeling the magic of computing into products that reshaped entire industries.The man who said in his youth that he wanted to“put a ding in the universe” did just that.1.Steve Jobs was obsessed with elegant and user-friendly gadgets, whichwas his great strength.2.In spite of the user-friendliness of Apple products, criticscomplained that they were closed and inflexible.3.Steve Jobs fulfilled his promise and had succeeded in redefining theproducts in computer industries.4.Steve Jobs started the era of personal technology, which has a profoundimpact on people’s way of life.5.Steve Jobs was thought highly of by leaders of many large companiesfor his achievements and personal charm.6.Integrating the easy-to-use elements to the utmost, Amazon has becomethe best Apple follower many technology firms.7.Apple’s products are very popular in many industries and places,bringing much comfort and convenience to people’s life and work. 8.No one can be compared with Steve Jobs in showmanship in the computerindustry or any other related industries.9.Having so many faithful users was the most amazing part of Steve Job s’success.10.For those who have suffered failures in business, Steve Jobs’ lifeexperience serves as an inspiration.(C G I B D H F A E D)Passage 5Should Sugar Be Regulated like Alcohol and Tobacco?A)Sugar poses enough health risks that it should be considered acontrolled substance just like alcohol and tobacco, argue a team of researchers from the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF).In an opinion piece called “The Toxic Truth About Sugar” published Feb. 1 in Nature, Robert Lustig, Laura Schmidt and Claire Brindis argue that it’s wrong to consider sugar just “empty calories.”They write: “There is nothing empty about these calories. A growing body of scientific evidence is showing that fructose（果糖）can trigger processes that lead to liver toxicity and a host of other chronic diseases. A little is not a problem, but a lot kills—slowly.”B)Almost everyone’s heard of—or personally experienced—thewell-known sugar high, so perhaps the comparison between sugar and alcohol or tobacco shouldn’t come as a surprise. But it’s doubtful that Americans will look favorably upon regulating their favorite vice.We’re a nation that’s sweet on sugar: the average U.S. adult downs22 teaspoons of sugar a day, according to the American HeartAssociation, and surveys have found that teens swallow 34 teaspoons.。
大学英语四级信息匹配练习题四
How to Make Attractive and Effective PowerPoint PresentationsA) Microsoft PowerPoint has dramatically changed the wayin which academic and business presentations are made.This article outlines few tips on making more effective and attractive PowerPoint presentations.The TextB)Keep the wording clear and simple. Use active, visual language. Cut unnecessary words—a good rule of thumb is to cut paragraphs down to sentences, sentences into phrases,and phrases into key words. Limit the number of words and lines per slide. Try the Rule of Five-five words per line, five lines per slide. If too much text appears on one slide, use the AutoFit feature to split it between two slides. Click within the placeholder to display the AutoFit Options button (its symbol is two horizontal lines with arrows above and below), thenclick on the button and choose Split Text between Two Slides from the submenu.C)Font size for titles should be at least 36 to 40, while thetext body should not be smaller than 24. Use only two font styles per slide—one for the title and the other for the text. Choose two fonts that visually contrast with each other. Garamond Medium Condensed and Impact are good for titles, while Garamond or Tempus Sans can be used for the text body.D)Embed the fonts in your presentation, if you are not sure whether the fonts used in the presentation are present in the computer that will be used for the presentation. To embed the fonts: (1) On the File menu, click Save As. (2) Onthe toolbar, click Tools, click Save Options, select the Embed TrueType Fonts check box, and then select Embed characters in use only.E)Use colors sparingly; two to three at most.You may useone color for all the titles and another for the text body. Be consistent from slide to slide. Choose a font color that contrasts well with the background.F)Capitalizing the first letter of each word is good for the title of slides and suggests a more formal situation than having just the first letter of the first word capitalized. In bulletpoint lines, capitalize the first word and no other wordsunless they normally appear capped. Upper and lower case lettering is more readable than all capital letters. Moreover, current styles indicate that using all capital letters means you are shouting. If you have text that is in the wrong case, select the text, and then click Shift+F3 until it changes to the case style that you like. Clicking Shift+F3 toggles the text case between ALL CAPS, lower case, and Initial Capital styles.G)Use bold or italic typeface for emphasis. Avoid underlining, it clutters up the presentation.Don't center bulleted lists or text. It is confusing to read. Left align unless you have a goodreason not to. Run “spell check”on your show when finished.The BackgroundH) Keep the background consistent. Simple, light textured backgrounds work well. Complicated textures make the content hard to read. If you are planning to use many clips in your slides, select a white background. If the venue of your presentation is not adequately light-proof, select a dark- colored background and use any light color for text. Minimize the use of“bells and whistles”such as sound effects, “flying words”and multiple transitions. Don't use red in any fonts or backgrounds. It is an emotionally overwhelming color that is difficult to see and read.The ClipsI) Animations are best used subtly; too much flashand motion can distract and annoy viewers. Do not rely tooheavily on those images that were originally loaded on your computer with the rest of Office. You can easily findappropriate clips on any topic through Google Images. While searching for images, do not use long search phrases as isusually done while searching the web-use specific words.J) When importing pictures, make sure that they are smallerthan two megabytes and are in a .jpg format. Larger files canslow down your show. Keep graphs, charts and diagramssimple, if possible. Use bar graphs and pie charts instead of tables of data. The audience can then immediately pick upthe relationships.The PresentationK)If you want your presentation to directly open in the slide show view, save it as a slide show file using the followingsteps. Open the presentation you want to save as a slideshow. On the File menu, click Save As. In the Save as typelist, click PowerPoint Show. Your slide show file will besaved with a ppt file extension. When you double-click onthis file, it will automatically start your presentation in slideshow view. When you're done, PowerPoint automaticallycloses and you return to the desktop. If you want to edit theslide show file, you can always open it from PowerPoint by clicking Open on the File menu.L)Look at the audience, not at the slides, whenever possible.If using a laser pointer, don't move it too fast. For example, if circling a number on the slide, do it slowly. Never point thelaser at the audience. Black out the screen (use “B”on the keyboard) after the point has been made, to put the focus on you. Press the key again to continue your presentation.M)You can use the shortcut command [Ctrl]P to access thePen tool during a slide show. Click with your mouse and dragto use the Pen tool to draw during your slide show.To erase everything you've drawn, press the E key. To turn off the Pen tool, press [Esc]once.MiscellaneousN) Master Slide Set-Up: The “master slide”will allow you to make changes that are reflected on every slide in your presentation. You can change fonts, colors, backgrounds, headers, and footers at the “master slide”level. First, go to the “View”menu. Pull down the “Master”menu. Select the “slide master”menu. You may now make changes at this level that meet your presentation needs.对应题目：1.The ways in which academic and business presentations are made have been changed by Microsoft PowerPoint.2.When making the PowerPoint, the wording of the text should not be complicated.3.In each slide, the font styles for the title and the text should contrast with each other.4.A more formal situation is capitalizing the first letter of the first word.5.Centering bulleted lists or text can not help to read.6.Sound effects should be used as less frequently as possible.7.When importing pictures, make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes.8.When making the presentation, you should look at the audience as possible as you can.9.Pressing the E key can help you to erase everything you've drawn.10. In order to meet your presentation needs, you can make changes at the “slide master”level.答案参考：1.A A 段讲到了微软的PowerPoint 对学术及商业陈述形式的改变，可以直接定位到文章的首段。
大学英语四级信息匹配
.专业整理 .大学英语四、六级考试信息匹配题阅读训练Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in oneof the paragraph. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph ismarked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 2.Passage 1Surviving the RecessionA)America ’srecession began quietly at the end of 2007. Since then it hasevolved into a global crisis. Reasonable people may disagree aboutwhom to blame. Financiers who were not as clever as they thought theywere? Regulators falling asleep at work? Consumers who borrowed toomuch? Politicians who thoughtlessly promoted home-ownership for thosewho could not afford it? All are guilt; and what a mess they have created.B)Since 2007 America has shed 5 million jobs. More than 15% of theworkforce are jobless or underemployed—roughly 25 million workers. Theonly industries swelling their payrolls are health care, utilities and thefederal government. The value of listed shares in American firms collapsedby 57% from its peak in October 2007 to a low in March this year, thoughit has since bounded back somewhat. Industrial production fell by 12.8%in the year to March, the worst slide since the Second World War. MarkZandi, an economist at Moody’, predicts that the recession will shrink America’seconomy by 3.5% in total.“For most executives, this is the worst business environment they’ve ever seen.”C) Times are so tough that even bosses are taking pay cuts. Median（中位数的）pay for chief executives of S&P 500 companies fell 6.8% in 2008.The overthrown business giants of Wall Street took the biggest knock,with average pay cuts of 38% and median bonuses of zero. But there wassome pain for everyone: median pay for chief executives of non-financialfirms in the S&P 500 fell by 2.7%.D)Nearly every business has a sad tale to tell. For example, Arne Sorenson,the president of Marriott hotel, likens the crisis to the downturn that hithis business after September 11 th , 2001. When the twin towers fell, Americans stopped travelling. Marriott had its worst quarter ever, with revenues per room falling by 25%. This year, without a terrorist attack, the hotel industry is“putting the same numbers on the board ”, says Mr. Sorenson.E)Other industries have suffered even more. Large numbers of builders, propertyfirms and retailers have gone bankrupt. And a disaster has hit Detroit. Last year the American car industry had the capacity to make 17million vehicles. Sales in 2009 could be barely half of that. The Big ThreeAmerican carmakers — General Motors, Ford and Chrysler—accumulated ruinous costs over the post-war years, such as gold-plated health plansand pensions for workers who retired as young as 48. All three are desperately restructuring. Only Ford may survive in its current form.F) Hard times breed hard feeling. Few Americans understand what causedthe recession. Some are seeking scapegoats（替罪羊）. Politicians are happy to take advantage. Bosses have been summoned to Washington tobe scolded on live television. The president condemns their greed.G)Business folks are bending over backwards to avoid seeming extravagant.Meetings at resorts are suddenly unacceptable. Goldman Sachs, aninvestment bank, cancelled a conference in Las Vegas at the last minuteand rebooked it in San Francisco, which cost more but sounded less fun.H) Anyway, the pain will eventually end.American business will regain itsshine. Many firms will die, but the survivors will emerge leaner and stronger than before. The financial sector ’s share of the economy will shrink, and stay shrunk for years to come. The importance of non-financialfirms will accordingly rise, along with their ability to attract the best talent.America will remain the best place on earth to do business, so long asBarack Obama and the Democrats in Congress resist the temptation tointerfere too much, and so long as organized labors does not overplay itshand.I)Mr. Obama ’s plan to curb carbon dioxide emissions （排放）, thoughnecessary, will be far from cost-free, whatever his sunny speeches on thesubject might suggest. The shift to a low-carbon economy will help some firms,hurt others and require every organization that uses much energyto rethink how it operates. It is harder to predict how Mr. Obama ’sproposed reforms to the failing health-care system will turn out.If hesucceeds in curbing costs—a big if—it would be a huge gain for America.Some business will benefit but the vast bulk of the savings will becaptured by workers, not their employers.J)In the next couple of years the businesses that thrive will be those that are tight with costs, careful of debt, cautious with cash flow and extremelyattentive to what customers want. They will include plenty of names noone has yet heard of.K) Times change, and corporations change with them. In 1955 Time’sMan of the Year was Harlow Curtice, the boss of GM. His firm was leading America towards a new“ economic order”,the magazine wrote. Thanks to men likeCurtice, “the bonds of scarcity ”had been broken and America was rolling“to an all-time high of prosperity”.Soon, Americans would need to spend“ comparativelylittle time earning a living”.L) Half a century later GM is a typical example for poor management. InMarch its chief executive was fired by Time’scurrent Man of the Year, Mr.Obama. The government now backs up the domestic car industry, lendingit money and overseeing its turnaround plans. With luck, this will be short-lived. But there is a danger that Washington will end up micromanaging not only Detroit but also other parts of the economy. Andclever as Mr. Obama’sadvisers are, history suggests they will be bad atthis.1.The America ’srecession affected the hotel industry as badly as the 9/11terrorist attack.2.Businessmen are trying to avoid seeming wasteful in response to the recession.3.In the near future, a thriving business will go with cautiousmanagement tactics.4.Much doubt remains whether the Obama administration will do well inmicromanaging the America’seconomy.5. A combination of causes is responsible for the current American recession,which began in 2007.6.The government is not supposed to interfere too much in American businesses.7.The big Three American carmakers need restructuring to survive dueto their accumulation of the ruinous costs over the post-war years.8.In March, GM ”s chief executive was fired by Obama for poor management.9.According to the author, Obama ’splan to limit carbon dioxide emissionswill by no means be inexpensive.10.At the worst time, the total value of listed shares in American firmsshrank by fifty-seven percent.(DGJLA HELIB)Passage twoSmall schools RisingA)This year ’slist of the top 100 high schools shows that today, thosewith fewer students are flourishing.B)Fifty years ago, they were the latest thing in educational reform: big,modern, suburban high schools with students counted in the thousands.As baby boomers （二战后婴儿潮时期出生的人）came of high-school age, big schools promised economic efficiency. A greater choice of courses,and, of course, better football teams. Only years later did we understandthe trade-offs this involved: the creation of excessive bureaucracies（官僚机构）,the difficulty of forging personal connections between teachers and students. SAT scores began dropping in 1963; today, on average, 30% of students do not complete high school in four years, a figure that risesto 50% in poor urban neighborhoods. While the emphasis on teaching tohigher, test-driven standards as set in No Child Left Behind resulted insignificantly better performance in elementary (and some middle) schools,high schools for a variety of reason seemed to have made little progress.C) Size isn ’teverything, but it does matter, and the past decade has seen anoticeable countertrend toward smaller schools.This has been due, in part, to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has invested $1.8billion in American high schools, helping to open about 1000small schools — most of them with about 400 kids each, with an average enrollment of only 150 per grade. About 500 more are on the drawingboard. Districts all over the county are taking notice, along with mayors incities like New York, Chicago and San Diego. The movement includes independent public charter schools, such as No.1 BASIS in Tucson, withonly 120 high-schools and 18 graduates this year. It embraces district-sanctioned magnet schools, such as the Talented and Gifted School, with 198 students, and the Science and Engineering Magnet, with383, which share a building in Dallas, as well as the City Honors School inBuffalo, N.Y., which grew out of volunteer evening seminars for students.And it includes alternative schools with students selected by lottery（抽签）, such as H.B Woodlawn in Arlington, Va. And most noticeable of all,there is the phenomenon of large urban and suburban high schools thathave split up into smaller units of a few hundred, generally housed in thesame grounds that once boasted thousands of students all marching tothe same band.D) Hillsdale High School in San Mateo, Calif., is one of those, ranking No. 423—among the top 2% in the country—on Newsweek’sannual ranking of America ’stop high schools. The success of small schools is apparent in the listings. Ten years ago, when the first Newsweek list based on college-level test participation was published, only three of the top 100schools had graduating classes smaller than 100 students. This year thereare 22. Nearly 250 schools on the full Newsweek list of the top 5% ofschools nationally had fewer than 200 graduates in 2007.E)Although many of Hillsdale ’sstudents came from wealthy households, by thelate 1990 average test scores were sliding and it had earned theunaffectionate nickname“Hillsjail”. Jeff Gibert, a Hillsdale teacher who became principal last year, remembers sitting with other teachers watching students file out of a graduation ceremony and asking one another in astonishment,“How did that student graduated?”F) So in 2003 Hillsdale remade itself into three“houses”,romantically namedFlorence, Marrakech and Kyoto. Each of the 300 arriving ninth graders arerandomly assigned to one of the houses, where they will keep the samefour core subject teachers for two years, before moving on to another for11th and 12 th grades. The closeness this system cultivates is reinforced bythe institution of“advisory”classes. Teachers meet with students in groups of 25, five mornings a week, for open-ended discussions of everythingfrom homework problems to bad Saturday-night dates. The advisers alsomeet with students privately and stay in touch with parents, so they aredeeply invested in the students’success.“We’re constantly talking aboutone another’sadvisers,”says English teacher Chris Crockett.“If you hear that yours isn ’tdoing well in math, or see them sitting outside the dean’s office, it ’slike a personal failure.”Along with the new structure came amore demanding academic program, the percentage of freshmen takingbiology jumped from 17 to 95.“It was rough for some. But by senior year,two-thirds have moved up to physics,”says Gilbert.“Our kids are coming to school in part because they know there are adults here who know themand care for them.”But not all schools show advances after downsizing,and it remains to be seen whether smaller schools will be a cure-all solution.G)The Newsweek list of top U.S. high schools was made this year, as in yearspast, according to a single metric, the proportion of students taking college-level exams. Over the years the system has come in for its share ofcriticism for its simplicity. But that is also its strength: it’seasy for readers to understand, and to do the arithmetic for their own schools if they’d like.H)Ranking schools is always controversial, and this year a group of 38superintendents （地区教育主管）from five states wrote to ask that theirschools be excluded from the calculation.“It is impossible to know whichhigh schools are ‘the best ’in the nation, ”their letter read, in part.“Determining whether different schools do or don’toffer a high quality of education requires a look at many different measures, including students’overall academic accomplishments and their subsequent performance incollege. And taking into consideration the unique needs of theircommunities. ”I)In the end the superintendents agreed to provide the data we sought, whichis, after all, public information. There is, in our view, no real dispute here;we are all seeking the same thing, which is schools that better serveour children and our nation by encouraging students to make toughsubjects under the guidance of gifted teachers. And if we keep workingtoward that goal, someday, perhaps a list won’tbe necessary.1.In practical use, simplicity is still considered a strength of Newsweek ’sschool ranking system in spite of the criticism it receives.2.As a result setting up big schools, students’performance declined.3.Newsweek ranked high schools according to their college-level testparticipation.4.Half a century ago, big, modern, suburban high schools wereestablished to ensure efficient education for baby boomers.5.It is agreed that qualified teachers, better services and encouragement arekeys to reaching the ultimate goal of school education.6. The most noticeable trend in high school education is the splitting oflarge schools into smaller ones.7. It is still unknown whether smaller schools will be a solution to alleducational problems.8.High schools funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation aresmall in size.9.Different measures should be used in assessing the quality of school education.10.The “advisory ”classes at Hillsdale were set up so that students couldmaintain closer relationship with their teachers.(GBDBI CFCHF)Passage 3.HighwaysA) Early in the 20th century, most of the streets and roads in the U.S. weremade of dirt, brick, and cedar wood blocks. Built for horse, carriage, andfoot traffic, they were usually poorly cared for and too narrow toaccommodate （容纳）automobiles.B) With the increase in auto p roduction, private turnpike （收费公路）companies under local authorities began to spring up, and by 1921 therewere 387000 miles of paved roads. Many were built using specifications of19th century Scottish engineers Thomas Telford and John MacAdam (forwhom the macadam surface is named), whose specifications stressed theimportance of adequate drainage. Beyond that, there were no nationalstandards for size, weight restrictions, or commercial signs. During World . 学习帮手 .War I. roads throughout the country were nearly destroyed by the weightof trucks. When General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 1919, after serving in the U.S. army’sfirst transcontinental motor convoy（车队）, he noted:“The old convoy had started me thinking about good, two-lanehighways, but Germany’sAutobahn or motorway had made me see thewisdom of broader ribbons across the land.”C)It would take another war before the federal government would act on anational highway system. During World War II, a tremendous increase intrucks and new roads were required. The war demonstrated how criticalhighways were to the defense effort. Thirteen percent of defense plantsreceived all their supplies by truck, and almost all other plants shippedmore than half of their products by vehicle. The war also revealed thatlocal control of highways had led to a confusing variety of design standards.Even federal and state highways did not follow basic standards. Some states allowed trucks up to 36000 pounds, while others restricted anything over 7000 pounds. A government study recommended a national highway system of33920 miles, and congress soon passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944, which called for strict, centrally controlled design criteria.D)The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has beenhailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century. To buildits 44000-mile web of highways, bridges, and tunnels, hundreds of uniqueengineering designs and solutions had to be worked out. Consider themany geographic features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, deserts and plains. Variables included the slope of theland, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of roaduse, and the nature of the underlying soil. Urban areas were another problem. Innovative designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges,overpasses, and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country, forever altering the face ofAmerica.E)Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs inLouisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkabletunnels like Fort McHeny in Maryland and Mt. Baker in Washington, metmany of the nation ’s physical challenges. Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program sooninfluenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable inimproving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns.F)Today, the interstate system links every major city in the U.S. withCanada and Mexico. Built with safety in mind, the highways have widelanes and shoulders, dividing medians, or barriers, long entry and exitlanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limited access. The deathrate on highways is half of all other U.S. roads (.86 deaths per 100 millionpassenger miles compared to 1.99 per 100 million on all other roads).G)By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumergoods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country, spurred the growth of suburbs, and provided people withgreater options in term of jobs, access to cultural programs, health care,and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individualswith what they cherish most: personal freedom of mobility.H)The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation ’s economicgrowth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75percent the nation ’sfreight deliveries arrive by truck; and most productsthat arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey byvehicle. Not only has the highway system affected the America economyby providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers.It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and otherindustries from urban areas to rural.I)By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads,residential streets, expressways, and freeways built to support millions ofvehicles. The highway system was officially renamed for Eisenhower tohonor his vision and leadership. The year construction began he said:“Together, the united forces of our communication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bear—United States.Without them, we would be a mere alliance of many separate parts.”1. Many of the problems presented by the country’sgeographical featuresfound solutions in innovative engineering projects.2. A century ago, there were almost no national standards for paved roadsin the U.S.3.The interstate system was renamed after Eisenhower in recognition ofhis vision and leadership.4.General Eisenhower felt that the broad motorways made more sensethan the two-lane highways of America.5.It was in the 1950s that the American government finally took actionto build a national highway system.6.Under safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways is muchlower than that of other American roads.7.Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than seventy-five percent ofthe freight in U.S.8.Thanks to the highways, American people can go anywhere they like aroundthe country.9.To a certain extent, the development of interstate highway system inAmerica has promoted the nation’seconomic growth.10.In terms of highway construction, the whole world was influenced bythe U.S.(DBIBD FHGHE)Passage 4The MagicianThe revolution that Steve Jobs led is only just beginningA) When it came to putting on a show, nobody else in the computer industry,or any other industry for that matter, could match Steve Jobs. His productlaunches, at which he would stand alone on a black stage and produce asif by magic an“incredible”new electronic gadget（小器具）in front of an amazed crowd, were the performances of a master showman.All computers do is fetch and work with numbers, he once explained, but doit fast enough and“the results appear to be magic”.Mr. Jobs, who died recently aged 56, spent his life packaging the magic into elegantly designed, easy-to-use products.B)The reaction to his death, with people leaving candles and flowers outsideApple stores and politicians singing praises on the internet, is proof thatMr. Jobs had become something much more significant than just a clevermoney-maker. He stood out in three ways — as a technologist, as a corporate leader and as somebody who was able to make people lovewhat had previously been impersonal, functional gadgets. Strangely, it isthis last quality that may have the deepest effect on the way people live.The era of personal technology is in many ways just beginning.C) As a technologist, Mr. Jobs was different because he was not an engineer— and that was his great strength.Instead he was keenly interested inproduct design and aesthetics （美学） , and in making advanced technology simple to use. He repeatedly took an existing but half-formedidea — the mouse-driven computer, the digital music player,the smartphone, the tablet computer（平板电脑）—and showed the rest of the industry how to do it properly. Rival firms competed with each otherto follow where he led. In the process he brought about great changes incomputing, music, telecoms and the news business that were painful forexisting firms but welcomed by millions of consumers.D)Within the wider business world, a man who liked to see himself as a hippy,permanently in revolt against big companies, ended up being hailed by many of those corporate giants as one of the greatest chief executives of his time.That was partly due to his talents: showmanship, strategic vision,an astonishing attention to detail and a dictatorial management style which many bosses must have envied. But most of all it was the extraordinarytrajectory （轨迹）of his life. His fall from grace in the 1980s, followed by his return to Apple in 1996 after a period in the wilderness, isan inspiration to any businessperson whose career has taken a turn for theworse. The way in which Mr. Jobs revived the failing company he hadco-founded and turned it into the world’sbiggest tech firm (bigger even than Bill Gate’sMicrosoft, the company that had outsmarted Apple sodramatically in the 1980s), sounds like something from a Hollywoodmovie.E)But what was perhaps most astonishing about Mr. Jobs was the absoluteloyalty he managed to inspire in customers. Many Apple users feel themselvesto be part of a community, with Mr. Jobs as its leader. Andthere was indeed a personal link. Apple ’s products were designed to accordwith the boss ’staste and to meet his extremely high standards. Every iPhone orMacBook has his fingerprints all over it. His great achievement was to combinean emotional spark with computer technology, and make the resulting productfeel personal. And that is what put Mr. Jobs on the right side of history, astechnological innovationhas moved into consumer electronics over the past decade.F) As our special report in this issue (printed before Mr. Jobs ’s death)explains, innovation used to spill over from military and corporatelaboratories to the consumer market, but lately this process has gone intoreverse. Many people ’shomes now have more powerful, and more flexible,devices than their offices do; consumer gadgets and online services aresmarter and easier to use than most companies ’systems.Familiarconsumer products are being adopted by businesses, government andthe armed forces. Companies are employing in-house versions ofFacebook and creating their own“app stores ”to deliver software toemployees. Doctors use tablet computers for their work in hospitals.Meanwhile, the number of consumers hungry for such gadgets continuesto swell. Apple ’sproducts are now being snapped up in Delhi and Dalianjust as in Dublin and Dallas.G) Mr. Jobs had a reputation as a control freak （怪人） , and his criticscomplained that the products and systems he designed were closed andinflexible, in the name of greater ease of use.Yet he also empoweredmillions of people by giving them access to cutting-edge technology. Hisinsistence on putting users first, and focusing on elegance and simplicity,has become deep-rooted in his own company, and is spreading to rivalfirms too. It is no longer just at Apple that designers ask:“What wouldSteve Jobs do? ”H)The gap between Apple and other tech firms is only likely to narrow. Thisweek ’sannouncement of a new iPhone by a management team led by TimCook, who replaced Mr. Jobs as chief executive in August, was generallyregarded as competent but uninspiring. Without Mr. Jobs to shower his star duston the event, it felt like just another product launch from just another technologyfirm. At the recent unveiling of a tablet computer by Jeff Bezos of Amazon,whose company is doing the best job of following Apple ’slead in combininghardware, software, content and services in an easy-to-use bundle, there wereseveral attacks at Apple. But by doing his best to imitate Mr. Jobs, Mr. Bezosalso flattered him. With Mr. Jobs gone, Apple is just one of many technologyfirms trying to arouse hisuncontrollable spirit in new products.I)Mr. Jobs was said by an engineer in the early years of Apple to emit a“reality distortion （扭曲） field ”,such were his powers of persuasion. But in the end he created a reality of his own, channeling the magic ofcomputing into products that reshaped entire industries. The man whosaid in his youth that he wanted to“put a ding in the universe did”just that.1.Steve Jobs was obsessed with elegant and user-friendly gadgets,which was his great strength.2.In spite of the user-friendliness of Apple products, critics complainedthat they were closed and inflexible.3.Steve Jobs fulfilled his promise and had succeeded in redefining the products incomputer industries.4.Steve Jobs started the era of personal technology, which has a profoundimpact on people’sway of life.5.Steve Jobs was thought highly of by leaders of many large companiesfor his achievements and personal charm.6.Integrating the easy-to-use elements to the utmost, Amazon hasbecome the best Apple follower many technology firms.7.Apple ’sproducts are very popular in many industries and places, bringingmuch comfort and convenience to people’slife and work.。
大学英语四级专项匹配题
应对措施
反映文章主旨或段落主题，考生可据此了解原文内容。
在段落—信息配对题中，题干中的信息虽然陈述的都是文章中的细节，但其内容基本都是围绕文章主题或是某一段落的主题进行描述的。通过快速阅读题干中的若干条细节信息，考生可以迅速了解原文的主旨大意，从而能够在回头阅读原文时加快阅读速度，节省定位时间。掌握原文的主旨有利于考生对原文的结构进行预测或对原文的逻辑顺序进行预判。即使题干中的细节信息表述的并非文章的主旨，其肯定也是与文章主旨息息相关的内容，有助于考生在预览原文时提高阅读速度。
以下信息一般为文章前一两段
e.g. 影响 （effect),结果 （conclusion） 改进 （improvement） 建议；未来
以下信息一般为文章末段
e.g. 细节 （details）;应用 （application） 数据 （data）; 比较 （compare）
以下信息一般为文章的中间段
合适的定位词。
一般来说，英语类考试中的搭配题多是一对一进行搭配的，考生如果能够成功 选出一对，那么就可以排除一个选项。但在段落—信息配对题中，题目中通常 还包含这样一条要求：“NB You may use any letter more than once. ”这 也就是说，题干中所列举的不同的细节信息可能对应的是原文中的同一个段落。 这样的话，即使考生已经判断出某一条细节信息对应原文的B段，但在对其他细 节信息进行配对时，也无法排除答案B。而且通常来说，只要题干中出现NB这 条提示，那么往往都会出现两条细节信息对应原文同一段的情况。
应对措施
表述中通常会出现一些具有特殊意义的指示性词汇，这类词汇虽然不是通常意义上的定位关键词，但其特殊含义可将考生的注意力指向原文的开头、结尾或是某个具有特定其所在细节信息对应的原文段落。
英语四级段落信息匹配题训练和答案
英语四级段落信息匹配题训练和答案How to Use a LibraryAYou’re driving your car home from work or sch001.And something goes wron9.The engine stalls out at lights，holds back as you go to pass.It needs a tune up and soon.Where do you go? Thelibrary.You can take out an auto repair manual that tells step by step how to tune up your make and model.Or your tennis game has fallen off.You’ve lost your touch at the net.Where do you go?The library for a few books on improving your tennis form.B“The library!”you say.“That’s where my teacher sends me to dough homework."Unfortunately, I’ve found that’s exactly the way many peoplefeel.If you’re among them.you’re denying yourself theeasiest way to improve yourself, enjoy yourself and even cope withlife.My first suggestion for making the most of your library is to do what I did，read and read and read.For pleasure——and forunderstanding.CIf it’s TV that keeps you from cultivating this delicious habit，I can offer a sure remedy.Take home from the library a stack of books that might look interestin9.Pile them on the TVset.Next time you are tempted to turn on a program you really don’t want to see，reach for a book instead.DOver the years，people collect a mental list of books they mean toread.If you don’t have such a list，here is the suggestion.Take from the library some of the books you might have enjoyeddramatized on TV, like Remargue’s All Quiet on the Western Front，Clavell’s Shegun，Tolkien’s The Hobbit，or Victor Hugo’s Les Mise Rables.If you like what you read、you can follow up with othersatisfying books by the same authors.ESome people in their reading limit themselves to current talked—about best sellers.Oh，what they miss! The library is full of yesterday’s best sellers;and they still make compelling readingtoday. Some that I've enjoyed：A.B.Guthrie’s The Big Sky，Carl Van Doren’s Benjamin Franklin，Mari Sandoz’s.Old Jules，and Norman Mailer’s The Naked and the Dead.F How do you find t hese or any other books you’re looking for? It’s easy—with the card catalog. Every time I go to the library——and I go more than once a week——I invariably make a beeline tothe card catalog before anything else.It’s the nucleus of any public library.The card catalog lists every book in the library by：1.author;2.title;3.subject.Let’s pick an interesting subject tolook up.I have always been fascinated by astronomy.You’ll be surprised at the wealth of material you will find under “a strong my” to d raw upon.And the absorbing books you didn’t know existedon it.CAUTION：Always have a pencil and paper when you use the card catal09.G Once you jot down the numbers of the books you are interested in，you are ready to find them on the shelves.Libraries call the shelves “the stacks”.In many smaller libraries，which you’ll beusing，the stacks will be open for you to browse.To me there is a special thrill in tracking down the books I want in the stacks !For invariably,I find books about which I knew nothin9，and theseoften turn out to be the very ones l need.You will find the same thing happening to you when you start to browse in the stacks.“A learned mind is the end product of browsing.”CAUTION：If you take a book from the stack s to your work desk，do not try to return it to its proper place.That’s work for the experts.If you replaceit incorrectly, the next seeker won’t beable to find it.HSome of the brightest and rmed men and women in America are the librarians who specialize in providing reference help.Introduce yourself State your problem.And be amazed at howmuch he p you will receive.CAUTION：Don’t waste the time of this expert by asking silly questions you ought to solve yourself.Save the reference librarian for the really big ones.I You shot：ld also learn to use the Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature.This green—bound index is me of the most useful items in any library.It indexes all the articles in the majormagazines，including newspaper magazine supplements.Thus it provides a guide to the very latest expert information of any subject that interests you.So if you want to do a really first—classjob，find out which magazines your library subscribes to，then consultthe Reader's Guide and track down recent articles on your subject.When you use this wonderful tool effectively, you show themark of a real scholar.J Since you can take most books home，but not magazines，take full notes when using the latter. Many libraries today provide a reprographic machinethat can quickly copy pages you need frommagazines and books.Ask about it：If you are working on a project of some size which will require repeated library visits，keep a small notebook in which you record the identification numbers ofthe books you will be using frequently.This will save you valuable time，because you won’t have to consult the card catalog or search aimlesslythrough the stacks each time you visit formaterial you seek.Sol fie of the very best books in any library are the reference books，which may not be taken home.Learn what topics they cover and how best to use them，for these books arewonderful repositories 储藏室、资料库of human knowledge.K Your library can give you help on any subject.It can even be your business and legal advisor.How many times have you scratched your head overhow to get a tax rebate折扣on your summer job?You，11 find guides to that.Want to defend yourself in traffic coup?Find out how in legal books at the library.L Library Projects Can Be Fun and Rewardin9.Here are a few ideas：1.What are your roots? Trace your ancestors.Many libraries specialize in genealogy.2.Did George Washington sleep nearby? Or Billy the Kid? Your library’s collection of local history books can put you on the trail.3.Cook a Polynesian feast.Or an ancient Roman banquet.Read how in the library’s cook books.4.Take up photography.Check the library for consumer reviews of cameras before you buy.Take out books on lightin9，composition，or darkroom techniques or—you name it!MIf you haven，t detected by now my enthusiasm for libraries，let me offer two personal notes.I'm particularly pleased that in recent years two beautifullibraries have been named after me：asmall community library in Quakertown，Pennsylvania，and the huge research library located at the University of Northern Colorado in Greeley.And I like libraries so much that I married alibrarian.46.The nucleus of any public library is the car，d catalog.47.Yesterday’s best sellers are still good for readin9，which shouldn’t be overlooked.48.The author suggests that people should go to the library for answers when things go wrong49.The Reader，s Guide is a green—bound index which provides a guide to very latest expert information of any subject that interests readers.50.The sure remedy to kick the TV habit is to take home from the library interesting books to read.51.There are various kinds of fun and rewarding projects available in different libraries.52.A notebook will help readers to record the identification numbers of the frequently used books which can’t be taken home.53.Readers should not try to return the book taken from the stacks totheir desk to its proper place.54.When asking for help，readers are suggested not asking the reference librarians silly questions they ought to solve themselves.55.When asking for help，readers are suggested not asking the reference librarians silly questions they ought to solve themselves.46.The nucleus of any public library is the cardcatalog.任何公共图书馆的核心都是卡片目录。
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How to Make Attractive and Effective PowerPoint PresentationsA) Microsoft PowerPoint has dramatically changed the way in which academic and business presentations are made. This article outlines few tips on making more effective and attractive PowerPoint presentations.The TextB) Keep the wording clear and simple. Use active, visual language. Cut unnecessary words—a good rule of thumb is to cut paragraphs down to sentences, sentences into phrases, and phrases into key words. Limit the number of words and lines per slide. Try the Rule of Five-five words per line, five lines per slide. If too much text appears on one slide, use the AutoFit feature to split it between two slides. Click within the placeholder to display the AutoFit Options button (its symbol is two horizontal lines with arrows above and below), then click on the button and choose Split Text between Two Slides from the submenu.C) Font size for titles should be at least 36 to 40, while the text body should not be smaller than 24. Use only two font styles per slide—one for the title and the other for the text. Choose two fonts that visually contrast with each other. Garamond Medium Condensed and Impact are good for titles, while Garamond or Tempus Sans can be used for the text body.D) Embed the fonts in your presentation, if you are not sure whether the fonts used in the presentation are present in the computer that will be used for the presentation. To embed the fonts: (1) On the File menu, click Save As. (2) On the toolbar, click Tools, click Save Options, select the Embed TrueType Fonts check box, and then select Embed characters in use only.E) Use colors sparingly; two to three at most. You may use one color for all the titles and another for the text body. Be consistent from slide to slide. Choose a font color that contrasts well with the background.F) Capitalizing the first letter of each word is good for the title of slides and suggests a more formal situation than having just the first letter of the first word capitalized. In bullet point lines, capitalize the first word and no other words unless they normally appear capped. Upper and lower case lettering is more readable than all capital letters. Moreover, current styles indicate that using all capital letters means you are shouting. If you have text that is in the wrong case, select the text, and then click Shift+F3 until it changes to the case style that you like. Clicking Shift+F3 toggles the text case between ALL CAPS, lower case, and Initial Capital styles.G) Use bold or italic typeface for emphasis. Avoid underlining, it clutters up the presentation.Don’t center bulleted lists or text. It is confusing to read. Left align unless you have a good reason not to. Run “spell check”on your show when finished.The BackgroundH) Keep the background consistent. Simple, light textured backgrounds work well. Complicated textures make the content hard to read. If you are planning to use many clips in your slides, select a white background. If the venue of your presentation is not adequately light-proof, select adark-colored background and use any light color for text. Minimize the use of “bells and whistles”such as sound eff ects, “flying words” and multiple transitions. Don’t use red in any fonts or backgrounds. It is an emotionally overwhelming color that is difficult to see and read.The ClipsI) Animations are best used subtly; too much flashand motion can distract and annoy viewers. Do not rely tooheavily on those images that were originally loaded on your computer with the rest of Office. You can easily find appropriate clips on any topic through Google Images. While searching for images, do not use long search phrases as is usually done while searching the web-use specific words.J) When importing pictures, make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes and are in a .jpg format. Larger files can slow down your show. Keep graphs, charts and diagrams simple, if possible. Use bar graphs and pie charts instead of tables of data. The audience can then immediately pick up the relationships.The PresentationK) If you want your presentation to directly open in the slide show view, save it as a slide show file using the following steps. Open the presentation you want to save as a slide show. On the File menu, click Save As. In the Save as type list, click PowerPoint Show. Your slide show file will be saved with a ppt file extension. When you double-click on this file, it will automatically start your presentation in slide show view. When you’re done, PowerPoint automatically closes and you return to the desktop. If you want to edit the slide show file, you can always open it from PowerPoint by clicking Open on the File menu.L) Look at the audience, not at the slides, whenever possible. If using a laser pointer, don’t move it too fast. For example, if circling a number on the slide, do it slowly. Never point the las er at the audience. Black out the screen (use “B”on the keyboard) after the point has been made, to put the focus on you. Press the key again to continue your presentation.M) You can use the shortcut command [Ctrl]P to access the Pen tool during a slide show. Click with your mouse and drag to use the Pen tool to draw during your slide show.To erase everything you’ve drawn, press the E key. To turn off the Pen tool, press [Esc] once.MiscellaneousN) Master Slide Set-Up: The “master slide”will allow you to make changes that are reflected on every slide in your presentation. You can change fonts, colors, backgrounds, headers, and footers at the “master slide”level. First, go to the “View” menu. Pull down the “Master”menu. Select the “slide master”menu. You may now make changes at this level that meet your presentation needs.对应题目：1. The ways in which academic and business presentations are made have been changed by Microsoft PowerPoint.2. When making the PowerPoint, the wording of the text should not be complicated.3. In each slide, the font styles for the title and the text should contrast with each other.4. A more formal situation is capitalizing the first letter of the first word.5. Centering bulleted lists or text can not help to read.6. Sound effects should be used as less frequently as possible.7. When importing pictures, make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes.8. When making the presentation, you should look at the audience as possible as you can.9. Pressing the E key can help you to erase everything you've drawn.10. In order to meet your presentation needs, you can make changes at the “slide master”level.答案参考：1. A A段讲到了微软的PowerPoint对学术及商业陈述形式的改变，可以直接定位到文章的首段。