高考英语阅读理解高频考点—主旨大意题详解
高考英语总复习(专题攻略)之阅读理解解题技巧之主旨大意
高考英语阅读理解解题技巧之主旨大意高考阅读理解对文章主旨大意进展命题，旨在考察考生通过对原文快速浏览正确获取语篇大意，并对文章主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及区分主要信息与次要信息能力。
要求考生在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章中心情节，体会作者主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性观点、中心论点及作者情感倾向。
在高考阅读理解中，针对短文主旨常见命题形式如下：(1) What would be the best title for the text /What is the topic of the text(2) The main topic / subject of the passage is _________.(3) The main idea/ The general idea is/ The main theme of this passage is…(4) The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on _________.(5) What is mainly discussed in the text(6) What is the main idea of the passage(7) What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph(8) The purpose of this passage is.(9) Which of the following statements is best supported by the text(10) Which of the following best summarized the passage(11) The passage mainly focuses on.从上述命题形式可以看出，此类阅读测试题主要可概括为两大类，即怎样理解段落及文章整体中心思想与怎样拟定或选择恰当标题。
高考英语_专题14_阅读理解(主旨大意题)_解题指导-_2021年高中英语寒假辅导讲义
专题十四阅读理解（主旨大意题）阅读理解题型分类主旨大意题的考查，要求学生通过阅读文章，抓住文章的主旨大意所在，在理解文章内容的基础上，找到文章大意或段落大意，主要考查学生归纳概括信息的能力。
主旨大意题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。
通常以选择文章最佳标题(title/topic)，概括文章中心大意(main idea)、文章段落大意(topic)等形式出现。
主旨大意题是考生容易出错的题型之一，错误主要表现为：概括文章中心时以偏概全（只见树木不见森林），概括性不够，或者概括过度，超出了文本的内容，缺乏针对性。
一、主旨大意题的分类主旨大意题的分类及其常见设问形式1. 标题概括类做此类试题时，要注意标题的三个特性，即醒目性、概括性和针对性。
解题时要抓住文章的首尾段和每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。
常见设问形式有：What is the best title for this passage?Which of the following is the best title of the passage?What can be a suitable title for the text?What might be the best title for the passage?The best title of the passage is ______.The suitable headline of the passage may be ______.2. 文章大意类每篇文章都有中心思想，可以通过找主题句来获取文章中心思想。
主题句通常在首段或结尾段，但有时也会出现在文章的中间段落。
因此，在阅读时要倍加关注文章的首段和结尾段及各个段落的主题句。
常见设问形式有：What is the main idea of the passage?Which of the following can best summarize the passage?What is the message conveyed in the story?What does the passage mainly present?What is the main theme of the story?What does the story mainly tell us?What does the passage mainly talk about?The passage is mainly about ______.The main purpo se of the passage is to ______.The passage is mainly written to ______.3. 段落大意类每个段落通常都有一个中心思想，通常会在本段首句体现出来，即常说的段落主题句。
高考英语阅读理解解题技巧之主旨大意题
高考英语阅读理解解题技巧之主旨大意题阅读理解之主旨大意题Ⅰ.每日经典谚语和句型背诵与仿写1.Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事，只怕有心人。
2....as...as possible=...as...as one can 尽可能……活学活用仿照上述句型，翻译下列句子。
(1)我们应该尽可能地多读书。
__________________________________________________________________________(2)政府部门必须尽快采取行动保护河流被污染。
______________________________________________________________________________We should read as many books as possible./ We should read as many books as we can.The government must take actions to prevent the river from being polluted as soon as possible.Ⅱ.阅读理解之主旨大意题我们阅读一篇文章，首先是要了解其大意，明确其主旨。
因此，主旨大意题是常考题。
主旨大意题包括：主要内容(main idea, mainly about)型、文章标题(title)型、写作目的(purpose)型。
广东高考近几年来考查过的题目中mainly about只考过4题，title题考了5题， purpose题考了5题。
◎解题技巧1.弄清文章的大意，关键是找到主题句。
主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。
各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。
高考复习(英语)专项练习：(阅读理解)主旨大意题——文章大意类【含答案及解析】
考点分类练(七)主旨大意题——文章大意类A(2021·山东烟台一模)The paper, published in May by the Journal of Marketing Research, analysed purchases made from a single large European retailer and found that free shipping did encourage customers to buy more. But it also increased purchases of items that historically have higher return rates, such as clothing or products from lesser-known brands. Thus, returns also increased as a result of the promotions, to the point where profits were erased.In one part of the paper, during the typically four-week periods when free shipping was offered, online order volumes rose 11%. But when the cost of returns was compared with the sales proceeds(收入), the authors calculated that on balance the results for the promotion periods amounted to an average 0.7% loss.In one analysis that ran for two months, the researchers found that the return rate for customers who bought low-risk products—like office supplies, or products from well-known brands—averaged about 22%.In another analysis, the researchers attempted to better understand motivations of online shoppers by measuring their attitudes towards free shipping. They found two things were happening. First, consumers saw free shipping as compensation for taking a risk on a product. Second, feelings of gratitude for having shipping costs eliminated(消除) made them happy and thus more willing to make a risky purchase.Prof.Neslin advises companies to look at whether their own free-shipping promotions are profitable before they launch such campaigns. Also, he advises companies to identify which products get returned more often than others and try to provide customers with more information about those products, so they can make more informed choices.1.What erased the profits according to the first paragraph?A.The risky customers.B.The European retailer.C.The returned items.D.The lesser-known brands.2.What can we learn from the passage?A.Consumers risked purchasing a product when free shipping came along with it.B.Free shipping encouraged customers to buy products from well-known brands.C.Online order volumes rose only when free shipping was offered as compensation.D.Purchases of office supplies also increased during the typically four-week periods.3.What is the passage mainly about?A.Low-risk products.B.Return rates.C.Increased purchases.D.Free shipping.B(2021·湖北黄冈高三4月模拟)An advance in electronic publishing could make the e-book you are reading seem as dated as a silent film. Publishers hope to explore the growing success of e-books by releasing versions with added soundtracks(电影原声音乐) and musical accompaniments.The noise in the first multimedia books—released in Britain—include the rain hitting a window in a Sherlock Holmes tale. When the plot of a book reaches the most exciting part, background scores will create tension.Supporters argue that sound effects are the next logical development for e-books and will add excitement for younger readers. Critics, however, will argue that the noise will ruin the simple pleasure of having the imagination stimulated by reading.Caroline Michel, chief executive of the literary agency, said the new generation of computer-literate readers was used to multiple sensory input. She said,“Young people have split computer screens where they may be watching television and replying to an email at the same time. If that’s what the market wants then we should respond to the market.”Booktrack’s sound effects work by estimating the user’s reading speed. Each time you “turn” a page, the software reassesses where you have reached in the text and times the sounds to switch on accordingly. If the soundtrack becomes out of sync(同步), a click on any word will reset it.Some authors fear that a soundtrack could destroy the peace and quiet of libraries and ruin the pleasure of reading. David Nicholls, author of Our Day, the best-seller now released as a film, said, “This sounds like the opposite of reading. I have enough trouble reading an e-book because I’m constantly distracted by emails.”Stuart MacBride sells 18% of his books as electronic downloads. He said,“If I’m reading, I will do the noise in my head. I don’t need someone to tell me what teacups clinking sounds like. That would irritate me.”4.What do publishers expect an e-book soundtrack to do?A.Help to release an e-book as a film.B.Help readers improve reading speed.C.Add tension at a book’s exciting point.D.Get readers familiar with the background.5.Who is in favour of added soundtracks for e-books?A.Sherlock Holmes.B.Caroline Michel.C.David Nicholls.D.Stuart MacBride.6.What do we know about Stuart MacBride?A.He was a person who was easy to get angry.B.He knew a great deal of tea.C.Eighty-two percent of his books described crime.D.He imagined sounds related to the story when reading.7.What’s the main idea of the passage?A.Opinions about e-books with soundtracks.B.Response to the need of the book market.C.Reasons for traditional e-books becoming outdated.D.Suggestions on encouraging readers’ imagination.C(2021·湖南长郡十五校高三联考)For most people, graduation is an exciting day of the celebration of years of hard work. My graduation day was not.I remember that weekend two years ago. Family and friends had flown in from across the country to attend the celebration. But just like everyone else in my class, I had watched the economy turn from bad to worse. What I thought would take a week dragged into two, and then four, and 100 job applications later, I found myself in the exact same spot as I was before. And the due date to begin paying back my student loan was drawing closer.You know that feeling when you wake up in fear? That feeling became a constant in my life. Days felt like weeks, weeks like months. And the most frustrating part was no matter how much I tried, I just couldn’t seem to make any progress.So what did I do to maintain my sanity(理智)? I decided to write. Something about putting words on a page made everything seem a little clearer—a little brighter. Something about writing gave me hope. And if you want something badly enough, sometimes a little hope is all you need! So I put my thoughts into a children’s book. And then one day, without any sort of writing degree or contacts in the writing world—just a lot of hard work and perseverance—I was offered a publishing contract for my first book! After that, things slowly began to fall into place. I was offered a second book deal. Then, a few months later, I got an interview and was hired shortly.The moral of this story is... don’t give up. Even if things look bleak now, don’t give up. If you work hard, things will always get better. Oftentimes all we need is the courage to overcome difficulties.8.From paragraph 2, we can learn that the author probably .A.was having an exciting graduationB.was getting into financial difficultiesC.missed the life in the universityD.had just applied for the student loan9.How did the author change the frustrating situation?A.By sending applications.B.By offering contracts.C.By keeping writing.D.By publishing books.10.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “bleak” in the last paragraph?A.Unattractive.B.Hopeless.C.Thrilling.D.Promising.11.What is the passage mainly about?A.Success belongs to the persevering.B.A contented mind is a permanent feast.C.A smooth sea never makes a skillful mariner.D.Misfortunes tell us what fortune is.考点分类练(七)主旨大意题——文章大意类【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。
高中英语知识点归纳阅读理解主旨题解析
高中英语知识点归纳阅读理解主旨题解析在英语学习中，阅读理解是重要的一部分，而其中主旨题又是最常见的一种题型。
主旨题通常要求考生通过阅读文章，准确把握文章的中心思想。
下面将对高中英语知识点归纳阅读理解主旨题解析进行讨论。
一、主旨题的定义和特点主旨题是阅读理解中的一种常见题型，要求考生通过阅读文章来确定文章的中心思想或主题。
主旨题的答案通常体现在文章的开头、结尾或者是文章的重点句子中。
解答主旨题需要考生对文章有整体的把握，同时需要抓住文章的关键信息。
二、解题策略1. 整体理解法：首先，通过快速阅读全文，了解文章的大意。
可以先读文章的标题和首尾几句话，然后再细读全文。
在整体了解文章内容后，考生可以根据文章所涉及的具体细节和信息，进行判断、归纳和总结。
2. 寻找关键信息法：在阅读过程中，要注意寻找文章的关键信息。
关键信息通常包括人名、地名、时间、数字、事件等。
通过关键信息的把握，能够更好地理解文章的主要内容。
3. 理解段落结构法：文章通常由多个段落组成，每个段落代表一个主题。
在解答主旨题时，可以通过理解段落的主题和段落之间的逻辑关系，来判断文章的中心思想。
4. 抓住作者观点与态度：在解答主旨题时，要抓住作者的观点和态度。
通过了解作者的观点和态度，能够更准确地确定文章的中心思想。
三、注意事项1. 注意排除干扰选项：主旨题的干扰选项通常会涉及文章的细节、次要内容或者是过于绝对、偏激的观点。
解答主旨题时，要仔细分析干扰选项，将其与文章的总体内容对比，排除错误选项，选择最符合文章主旨的选项。
2. 注意理解文章的意图：主旨题关注的是文章的中心思想，而不是细节。
解答主旨题时，要着重理解文章的意图，抓住文章的主要观点和中心论述，而不是被文章中的细节所迷惑。
3. 注意主旨的表达方式：文章的主旨可以通过直接陈述、间接引用、举例和对比等方式进行表达。
解答主旨题时，要注意不同表达方式之间的联系，准确把握文章的中心思想。
通过以上方法和技巧，相信大家可以更好地理解和解答高中英语知识点归纳阅读理解主旨题。
高考英语之高频考点解密十六 阅读理解之主旨大意题
解密16 阅读理解之主旨大意题考点详解主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一，旨在考查考生对文章大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。
此类题数量较大，在15个题中约占2-3个。
◆主旨大意题的分类1. 从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种①篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。
主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段。
②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。
主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻找或总结。
2. 考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种①主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意；②目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的；③标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。
◆设问特点：1. 考查全文主旨或段落大意。
2. 正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。
3. 错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。
4. 常以main idea, best idea, subject, mainly discuss 等词提问。
◆常考问题：1. 中心思想类The main point /idea of the passage is…The passage is mainly about…The passage mainly discusses…The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with…?Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?2. 标题类Which of the following is the best title of the passage?The best title for the passage would be …3. 目的类The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to …The passage is meant to ….In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to…【名师指导】文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况：1. 中心主题句出现在文首开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。
高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧
⾼考英语阅读理解主旨⼤意题解题技巧如何做阅读理解主旨⼤意题？
1) 主旨⼤意题属于归纳概括题。
如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。
2) 找准⽂章的主题句是关键。
“主题句定位法”是⼀种⾏之有效的⽅法。
在答题时，我们可以：读⾸句抓⼤意
读尾句抓⼤意
读⾸尾段抓⼤意
3.) ⽆明显主题句时⾼频信息词
任⼀篇⽂章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的⽂章中最明显的特点之⼀是有⼀个反复出现的中⼼词，即⾼频词，也叫做主题词。
抓住了它，便容易抓住⽂章的中⼼。
具体范例及具体的细节分析可按下⾯的课件：。
高考英语阅读理解满分秘籍之主旨大意题
高考英语阅读理解满分秘籍之主旨大意题阅读理解满分秘籍——理解题干的要求是核心，分析选项的特点是基础，读懂原文的主旨是条件。
做到题干、选项与原文内容的完美结合。
主旨大意题型高考《考纲》对阅读理解的能力要求是：要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；……《考纲》对阅读理解的能力要求的第一点就是理解主旨要义。
考生读的每篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。
有时从文章第一个段甚至第一句可知文章的主旨要义；有时从文章最后一段甚至最后一句才能了解文章的主旨要义；有时，作者没有明示文章的主旨要义，需要读者从文章的字里行间进行归纳和概括。
无论是那一种情况，无论题干是不是主旨大意题型，考生必须首先要理解文章的主旨要义，这是我们阅读文章的基本目的。
同时，考生做其他题型的选择时也要考虑文章的主旨要义。
了解文章主旨要义的捷径是找到主题句。
主题句通常分为文章主题句和段落主题句，考生一定要分清楚。
通常，主题句有以下特征：1. 首段引入一般不是主题句，后面的结论（so, therefore等）或转折处（but, however 等）可能是文章的主题句；2. 举例说明或解释的句子不是主题句，前一句可能是主题句；3. 问句一般不是主题句，回答的句子可能是主题句；4. 主题句常包含主次之分的表达（A rather than B等）或时间提示词（recently, today等）；5. 定义型（be called as, be known as等）、强调型（stress, focus等）、总结型（research indicates, study suggests等）的句子很可能是主题句。
考查考生对主旨要义理解的题型是主旨大意题型，通常分为the main idea（paragraph or passage）和the best title 两类。
见下图：这两类题型有不同的提问方式。
超实用高考英语复习：专题03 第三讲 主旨大意题 (阅读理解题型突破)【易错点】
专题03 主旨大意题---阅读理解题型突破距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
【考点解读】主旨大意题主要涉及记叙文、议论文和说明文。
话题广泛，如人物故事类、科普说明类、社会文化类等都可以考查主旨大意。
【命题方向】【设问方式】1.What is the text mainly about?2.What does the passage focus on?3.What message does the author convey in the text?4.What’s the best title of the passage?【选项特征】正确选项：1.范围恰当2.概括性强3.精准到位干扰项：1.以偏概全2.概括过度3.偷梁换柱4.无中生有【解题策略】【主题句定位策略】文章是由段落组成的。
段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。
高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧之主旨大意题讲义
主旨大意题一、总体解题思路1、宏观上分清文章体裁（记叙文、科普类的说明文议论文）和捋清文章行文脉络二、记叙文：主旨一般在首段和尾段出现（扫读重点关注首尾段各段首尾句或第二句以及转折处句子）第1篇I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment.It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voiceand they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.As a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]首先先快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子每段有每段的中心句这个中心句可能是全文主旨句也可能只是本段的主旨所以为了更全面把握主旨中心需要每段都要扫读到I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.and an addedsource(来源) ofAs a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]既然是记叙文一般就从首尾段找主旨I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.As a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]从首尾段提取主题词可以快速缩小选择范围提高准确率即微观上要抓住主题词那么主题词特征有以下几个●反复高频出现●绝大多数以名词为主动词和形容词为辅●出现时往往前有铺垫后有解释说明I和library 就是反复出现高频词并且说的就是I和library的关系优先排除A和B 都属于无中生有显然Young属于偷换概念只有D 和主题词切合并且逻辑关系是呼应的即I和library的关系第2篇Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume thatmore is more when it es to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.I found the preholidays a good time to encourage young children to donate lessused things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about being a doctor)For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ballsimple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, pletely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.[ 2018全国III卷D ]首先先快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子（每段有每段的中心句这个中心句可能是全文主旨句也可能只是本段的主旨所以为了更全面把握主旨中心需要每段都要扫读到）Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that提取首尾段首先排除A 和D 显然文中没有提及属于无中生有文中是帮助孩子学习而B的向孩子学习显然属于颠倒逻辑答案C就是直接来自首段尾句其实当文章自问自答或者提出了问题那么后面的回答就是文章的主题三、科普类文章：主旨一般与研究结果或专家建议观点紧密相关快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论第3篇We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, around by people who are, like us, deeply look at their smartphones or, worse, fighting with the unfortable silence.What's the problem? It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's challenging, or we think it's unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it's an invaluable social practice that results in big advantages. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social munication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk," he explains. "The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just municate with them."In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to look for an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their waiter reported higher positive (积极的) feelings and a better coffee shop experience. "It's not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband." says Dunn. But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our wellbeing also."Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a greater sense of belonging (归属感), a relationship with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. "Small talk is the basis of good manners." he says [2018II卷D篇]通过每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子找出观点结论性的词句We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, around by people who are, like us, deeply look at their smartphones or, worse, fighting with the unfortable silence.首段只是一个铺垫而第二段but转折词后面信息才是关键信息，Small talk是在文中反复出现的高频词文章结构属于总分结构：铺垫+总观点+分别解释科普类文章的一大特点提出一个现象或问题再提出观点结论然后进行解释说明首先就可以排除A和C 那么B和D 那个和主旨更切合呢B和D结构相同都是of结构显然D文中并没有提到ways，而是反复在讲advantages第4篇We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes(基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation(突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.Oh Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of seadwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts(支柱) in coastal waters. "They are simply a stranger to the land," said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders," Dr. Jubilado said. I could see them actually walking under the sea.' In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. "It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population," said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. [ 2020 全国III卷D篇]快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论the past few thousand years.People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at highthere were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. [ 2020 全国III卷D篇]显然首段的首句就是一种观点，第二句又用科学研究发现来进一步证实另外evolution及近义词是反复出现的高频词文章属于总分结构：总观点+分别解释这道题难在出题者对选项答案进行了巧妙化处理并没有直接使用文中的词句故意进行了变换增加了难度和迷惑性不过可以先使用排除法B选项skills文中并未提及属于无中生有，偏离文章主题D 选项中的字眼Best绝对化像这样的选项除非文中明确指出来了，否则带有绝对性字眼的选项不要选另外文中说的是better而非best C选项methods文中也未提到属于无中生有正面分析 A 选项关键词就是remodeled 进行拆分re再次ed过去分词表完成状态model 模式模型——再模型化——重构改型含义=evolution出题者为了增加难度往往把正确答案设定成原文词的同义词近义词或短语第5篇Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overing this very tiny big problem? lt's turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution(解决方案). "We don't give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers," says Florence Gold, a project manager."There are no tests," Gordon says. "There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than 'Are you working towards your goal?' Basically, it's 'I've got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA.' Engineers e and really do an inperson review, and..it's not a very nice thing at time. It's a hard business review of your product.Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. "These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach." And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. （2019全国IlI卷D篇）快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hoursand..it's not a very nice thing at time. It's a hard business review of your product.Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. "These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach." And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. （2019全国IlI卷D篇）首段提出问题but转折之后的尾句才是关键信息而第二段首句直接给出观点回答问题，NASA HUNCH是反复出现的词典型的总分结构：铺垫+总观点+分别解释提出问题解决问题解释说明其实有时候归纳出文章主旨并不难，而难在出题人在选项上故意设置陷阱迷惑我们，刁难大家让你误入歧途所以我们要紧紧抓住主旨去排除错误选项，选择正确选项本文主旨说的是NASA的HUNCH项目与high school classrooms之间关系HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. 那么首先可以排除A和C 因为A只讲了NASA 而后面的the home 纯属无中生有而C选项Nature是属于偷换概念用于代替NASA显然不对另外文中也没有提及outdoor classroom那么D中虽然有HUNCH 但后面讲的是大学准入改革而HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. 说的是有影响并不是说HUNCH program就是准入改革风马牛不相及只有B选项提到了Space 与NASA有关对应后面还提到homework与high school classrooms 紧密相关对应B选项同时把space和homework联系起来与文中主旨NASA与high school classrooms联系是呼应的贴合的总结解主旨题要把明确文章体裁握住文章的行文脉络和结构从每段首尾句或第二句及转折处句子找主旨段主旨句主题词从而归纳出主旨还要紧扣主旨去选择和排除那么具有迷惑性的错误答案另外明确了文章了主旨对于读懂文章和做其他题型都有帮助毕竟主旨对全文和所有的题都有统摄作用作者不可能偏离主题去写文章出题者也不可能偏离主题去出题。
高考复习(英语)专项练习：(阅读理解)主旨大意题——段落大意类【含答案及解析】
考点分类练(九)主旨大意题——段落大意类A(2021·山东淄博高三三模)For 30 years we have been told how temperatures have been rising rapidly to the unheard-of level. This is causing polar ice to melt, sea level to rise and has brought about a dangerous increase in extreme weather events. These intense changes would likely present challenges to our society and environment.The causes of climate change are mainly anthropogenic(人类活动引起的) in nature. Since the industrial revolution, human activities have increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The increased amount of gases which absorb heat has led to more heat being kept in the atmosphere, causing global warming.The certainty of global warming can be seen through some of the natural phenomena like the effect on crops and extreme weather conditions around the world. The recent assessment report says that the earth’s average temperature has risen by 0.74 degrees from 1906 to 2005, and that the average temperature will continue to rise. There have also been more violent downpours, and the ice at the world’s poles and on its mountains is melting. The rising sea level is flooding the low-lying countries in Asia and small islands in the Pacific. This may lead to the displacement of millions of people, loss of millions of land and consequently billions of dollars.Troubled by the serious situation, world leaders came together for the 2015 United Nations (UN) Climate Change Conference in Paris. The climate talks led to 196 countries reaching a landmark agreement that committed nearly every country to lowering planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions to address global climate change. That was certainly an encouraging step for our earth and mankind!As the world leaders continue to commit themselves to monitor our sick planet, we need to continue to take small steps to heal the world. We don’t have much choice. If only we could just pack our bags and migrate to Mars!1.What does paragraph2mainly talk about?A.The information of industrial revolution.B.The greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.C.The reasons of climate change.D.The result of extreme weather events.2.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.We have made great achievements.B.Some measures are still required to take.C.Mars is suitable for people’s living.D.Some countries will receive urgent aid.3.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?(P:Paragraph)B(2021·陕西高三下学期模拟)Eating chocolate at least once a week could put off a heart attack, according to a new research. Chocolate is packed with plant chemicals that weaken inflammation(炎症) and help blood flow, explained scientists.Lead author Dr Chayakrit Krittanawong said,“Our study suggests chocolate helps keep the heart’s blood vessels healthy.” It collected data from six trials that examined the link over the past five decades. A total of 336,289 people reported their intake. Those who ate chocolate more than once a week reduced their risk of coronary artery(冠状动脉) disease by eight percent. This was compared to peers who ate it less than once a week.Chocolate is known to produce the same chemical in the brain as falling in love. Dr Krittanawong said,“Chocolate contains healthy nutrients such as flavonoids(类黄酮), polyphenols and stearic acid which may reduce inflammation.”Known medically as HDL(high-density lipoprotein)(高密度脂蛋白), it helps to rid LDL (low-density lipoprotein) out of the body. When this collects, it causes vessels and arteries to become blocked up. It can stop blood flow to the heart or brain, causing a heart attack or stroke. Dr Krittanawong said,“In the past, clinical studies have shown chocolate is beneficial for blood pressure.”Dark chocolate has long been known to have health benefits but recent research has suggested milk chocolate may also provide valuable nutrients to the heart. Dr Krittanawong pointed out his study did not investigate whether any particular type of chocolate was more beneficial—or if there was an ideal portion size. He said,“Chocolate appears promising for the prevention of coronary artery disease. But more research is needed to show how much and what kind of chocolate could be recommended.”While it’s not clear how much is perfect, Dr Krittanawong warned people against overeating. He said,“Moderate amounts of chocolate seem to protect coronary arteries but it’s likely that large quantities do not.”4.What does paragraph2mainly talk about?A.The result of the study.B.The process of the study.C.The participants of the study.D.The intention of the study.5.Which of the following can probably prevent blood flow?A.A heart attack.B.A stroke.C.High-density lipoprotein.D.Low-density lipoprotein.6.What does the recent study tell us?A.Chocolate is good for blood pressure.B.Dark chocolate is beneficial for health.k chocolate may also benefit the heart.D.Chocolate contains special plant chemicals.7.What’s Dr Krittanawong’s attitude towards chocolate’s preventing coronary artery disease?A.Indifferent.B.Hopeful.C.Negative.D.Uncertain.C(2021·辽宁高三3月联考)Few people realise that it takes many volunteers for one young child to have a half-hour riding lesson.I volunteer at Valley Therapeutic Equestrian Association (VTEA), close to the Washington State border. It takes a few paid staff and an army of volunteers—approximately eighty—to take care of a dozen horses and help with eighty or more children during the week. There is a large barn to clean, and hay nets and water buckets to brush and fill. Specific feeds for each horse must be prepared twice daily... The list is endless.To prepare a horse for a ride, someone has to bring it in from the outside, at times sinking into inches of black, sticky mud during the winter months. Usually, two volunteers groom(刷洗; 梳毛) the horse and put on the special saddle. Then they lead the horse to where the lesson takes place. There, one volunteer leads the horse, and usually two walk alongside for safety, one on each side. Then the horse must be returned to the barn, unsaddled, cleaned and fed.Yet so many people willingly give their time—because the children need us. Ranging in age from two upwards, the children have varying degrees of mental disabilities. Some have severe physical disabilities. Riding strengthens their muscles and bones, enabling them to enjoy a more fruitful life.Throughout my past life as an accountant, business author and speaker, I volunteered on many fields and in many organisations. However, a terrible motor-vehicle accident changed my life in a split second when my car was hit—as was my head—causing severe brain injury. It was hard to accept a new “me”, until I discovered that I needed to do something that I have a passion for. I love horses, and working with them and with the children has helped turn my life around. The journey back has been painful but worthwhile. Now, fourteen years later, I am a different person.8.What is the main idea of paragraph2?A.Horses for riding lessons are cared for carefully.B.Horse-riding lessons bring children many benefits.C.Volunteers have much to do for a horse-riding lesson.D.Disabled children are taught horse-riding in a different way.9.What does the author think of her voluntary work in VTEA?A.Risky and thrilling.B.Tiring but worthwhile.C.Funny and enjoyable.D.Demanding but fruitless.10.What can be inferred about the author from the last paragraph?A.The accident transformed her thoroughly.B.Volunteering has brought her a win-win result.C.She’s never recovered from the injury.D.She wasn’t interested in voluntary work before.11.What could be the best title for the passage?A.Helping Children in NeedB.Surviving the Brain InjuryC.Volunteering: A Journey BackD.Horse-riding: A Hard Lesson考点分类练(九)主旨大意题——段落大意类【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。
高中英语阅读理解之主旨题(思维导图+练习含答案)
阅读理解之主旨题（解析版）主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。
主旨大意题分为标题类和主题类。
主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失分最多的题目，因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。
文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。
此类题目可分为三大类，即标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。
要做好主旨大意题，我们首先必须了解其正确选项和干扰选项的特征。
正确选项特征干扰选项特征1.涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。
2.确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。
3.精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。
1.过于笼统，不知所云所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容。
2.以偏概全，主次不分所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。
3.移花接木，偷换概念所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上，若不留神，极易选错答案。
4.无中生有，生搬硬套所给选项的关键词语虽然在文章中谈到了，但经过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。
类型一标题归纳题一、提问方式·The best title of the passage is ________.·Which of the following is the best title of the passage?·What would be the best title for the passage?·The most appropriate title of the passage is ______.二、解题必备知能(一)理解标题的3大特点一个好的标题应具备三大特点：1．概括性——准确而又简短；2．针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；3．醒目性——能引发读者的阅读欲望。
高考英语阅读理解,主旨大意题解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解,主旨大意题解题技巧高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧一篇文章一般表达一个中心或主题。
这个中心或主题通常用一个句子来概括，此句叫主题句，这类题主要考查读者把握全文内容或理解中心思想的能力。
一、题型介绍:一篇文章一般表达一个中心或主题。
这个中心或主题通常用一个句子来概括，此句叫主题句，这类题主要考查读者把握全文内容或理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析归纳文章段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、写作特点的能力。
一般说来说明文和议论文都有主题句，而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。
但有时不能直接在文章中直接找到主题句，在弄清段与段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。
主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性，文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步的解释、说明、论证或拓展。
常见的主旨大意题的考查形式:The text is mainly about ____.The main idea/The general idea/The main purpose is ______.What’s the main point the w riter is trying to make in the last paragraph? What would be the best title /headline for the text?This article mainly tells about the story of ____. What is the topic of the text?The subject discussed in this text is ____. What does the second paragraph discuss? The paragraph (passage) deals with _____. What is mainly discussed in the text?二、主旨大意题解题方法与步骤:略读法是理解全文大意的快速而有效的方法，略读的关键是能抓住文章要点的前提下，以个人最快的速度阅读，主要目的是尽快获得足够的信息以便准确的回答问题，利用略读法去做阅读时，要特别注意首尾两段，要学会寻找文章段落的主题句，这是高效省事地抓住段落要点的捷径，同时也是准确理解文章大意的有效途径。
高考英语二轮复习专题03阅读理解Ⅰ：主旨大意题含解析
专题3 阅读理解Ⅰ：主旨大意题【构建知识体系】主旨大意题考点1准确归纳标题考点2概括文章大意考点3总结段落大意2021-2021年全国高考Ⅰ卷本专题考察分布明细统计年份章节素材话题体裁考点分布主旨大意细节理解推理判断词义猜想202 1第一节剑桥科技节的活动通知应用文1662旅鸽在美国逐渐减少直至灭绝的过程记叙文向驯兽师学习如何集中注意应对选择障碍议论文学者对濒危语种进展记录拯救记叙文第二节如何帮助孩子为未来职业做准备说明文信息匹配202第一关于伦敦运河博物应用文09511 节馆每月专题讲座安排的海报作者离开寒冷的纽约去美国南部度假的感受记叙文介绍了在巴黎皮蓬杜艺术中心举办西班牙著名艺术家萨尔瓦多·达利艺术展的情况记叙文法国咖啡馆在现代社会中彰显心理沟通的社会功能，产生了积极的意义。
议论文第二节重建人际关系中的信任的意义及措施说明文信息匹配202 1第一节主要介绍了四位著名的女性的根本情况。
说明文1941主要介绍了社会上很多老年人搬到离子女近的地方居住说明文在丈夫丧失了自己所有东西后，陌生人无私的帮助使他们重拾了对他人的信任。
B以1970年地球日为突破口，讲述了人类对于地球环境的认识—由无知到保护。
借专家之口讲述了美国40年来对环境保护做出的突出奉献。
科普说明文C美国普遍存在的一种社会现象—对于“aupair〔住家保姆〕from China〞。
透过现象提醒了本质—“Learing Chinese is becoming in 社会文化类C越来越多即将上大学的学生选择“间隔年〞。
有人认为是好事，因为经过一年的锻炼，学生将会变得更加成熟、更有责任感。
但也有人指出这种做法存在弊端，有些学生会因为负担不起大学学费而被迫利用这一年去打工。
社会现象议论类D从价格到参观的内容介绍了四个英国的旅游胜地。
广告应用类比202 1A主要介绍了几个广告的具体内容，涉及音乐、喜剧表演与歌曲等活动的具体安排，如时间、地点等。
超实用高考英语复习：阅读理解——主旨大意题 -测 (解析版)
专题14 阅读理解：主旨大意题备考高考英语二轮复习距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
名校最新模拟试题主旨大意题（共20小题）1.(2022年8月浙江省“山水联盟”高三联考)You really should ask the question: will my donation to this charity actually help the people or cause? Sometimes it makes matters worse. For example, many charities help African people install water pumps to deliver clean water to their communities. Money has been invested over the past 20 years to install a total of 60, 000 pumps across sub-Saharan Africa. However, today 40% of those have failed to work at some point. They have been left there, like expensive but useless decorations.......Ultimately, to whom and how much you give is your choice. It is important to provide highly specialized services instead of material goods. As a general rule of thumb, the more your donation matches the need of the receivers, the better it will be for the long-term prosperity of those you want to help.15. Which is the best title for the passage?A. Has your donation hit a dead end?B. Why should you make a donation?C. Where does my donation take its way?D. Will my donation to charity really help?【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。
专题1 阅读理解：主旨大意题-高考英语二轮复习
• (1)掌握部分的俚语习语有助于正确选择标题。
• (2)以偏概全、大而化之、张冠李戴不可有。
1. 标题提炼题——寻根溯源 画龙点睛
2020年全国Ⅱ卷·35
I have a special place in my heart for libraries… while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further— changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions…
In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Can we grow more glowing plants? B. How do we live with glowing plants? C. Could glowing plants replace lamps? D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?
超实用高考英语复习：专题02 阅读理解主旨大意题
on earth. We must retrain it for its own good.”
56. The text mainly talks about ________.
A. Diane Fossey B. the gorillas in Rwanda
文章第一段谈到Diane Fossey对大猩猩的研究； 第二段谈到根据她的事迹所拍摄的影片；第三段
31. What is the min idea of the text? A. New languages will be created. B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages C. Human development results in fewer languages D. Geography determines language evolution.
2. 主题句出现在文尾
在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是 英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式，即细节表述的句子在前，概括性的 句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。
The famous American gorilla(大猩猩) expert Diane Fossey had a completely new way to study gorillas — she pretended to be one of them. She copied their actions and way of life — eating plants and getting down on her hands and knees to walk the way a gorilla does. It was a new relationship.
高中阅读理解——主旨题解题技巧
阅读理解——主旨题解题技巧主旨大意题是高考英语阅读理解中常见命题形式。
主要考查学生把握全文主旨和理解文章中心思想的能力。
主旨大意题包括选择最佳标题（title），概括文章大意、段落大意和判断作者的写作目的（purpose）等。
常见的命题形式是：What does the passage/author mainly discuss?What is the first/second paragraph mainly about?What is the main idea of the text?What is the text mainly about?What is the best title for the text?What can be a suitable title for the text?What's the purpose of the passage?一、最佳标题方法：1、中心句法：根据文章中心句，提炼主题词充当文章标题。
2、当文章的写作对象特点较多时，常用写作对象的名称充当文章的标题。
3、将文章的写作对象和其主要特点、意义或影响整合充当文章的标题。
标题的特点：概括性：抽象、准确、简短，常用一个短语或一句话。
针对性：标题外延恰当，与文章内容相符，避免以偏概全。
醒目性：新颖奇特，激发读者的阅读兴趣。
注意排除标题干扰项：(1)片面性：概括不够。
所给选项只概括了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节或个别字词作为选项，或以次要信息作为标题。
(2)过于笼统或过渡概括：所给选项概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容。
2018课标全国ⅡD篇We ‘ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.What ‘s the problem? It ‘s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It ‘s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂)for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast.“Almost every great love story and each big business dealbegins with small talk,”he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动)with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience.“It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,”says Dunn.“But interactions with peripheral(边缘的)members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk.“Small talk is the basis of good manners,”he says.35.What is the best title for the text?A.Conversation CountsB.Ways of Making Small TalkC.Benefits of Small TalkD.Uncomfortable Silence解析：中心句法。
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高考英语阅读理解高频考点—主旨大意题详解
课件来自揭阳侨中高三年级组
5
写在最后
对于主旨大意题的正确选项，我们要明确以下几点：
1.正确选项常含有抽象名词或概括性词语。
2.正确的选项一般不出现细节信息，不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词。
3.那些概括全文、内容全面、含义深刻、说明道理的选项往往有一个正确答案。
4.四个选项中，内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个正确答案。
5.干扰项特点：A: 概括范围太窄，只含局部信息。
B: 概括范围太宽，所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容。
C: 无关信息：即文章中未提到、或找不到语言依据的信息。
英语时文阅读时文阅读，中高考母题库小程序
关于此类题型练习可以通过奇速英语时文阅读的个性化选择主旨大意，加深对这类题型的理解，练习时除了准确率也要注意时间的把控。
解题技巧点拨：
1. 段落中出现转折时，该句可能是主题句。
2. 作者有意识的重复的观点，通常是主旨;反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
3. 提出文章的主旨时常伴有文字提示，如：therefore, thus, but,however, in fact, in short等等。
4.首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的解答就是文章的主旨。