初中语法-动词不定式和动名词

动词不定式:“不定式符号to+动词原形”

一、用作主语

( ) 1. Is ______ easy to finish the design before National Day?

A. this

B. that

C. it

D. he

( ) 2. It ______ forty-five minutes ______ there by bus.

A. cost; to get

B. takes; getting

C. takes; to get

D. takes; to get to

动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：

(1)把不定式置于句首。如：

To get there by bike will take us half an hour.

(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。

①It＋be＋名词＋to do

It's our duty to take good care of the old.

②It takes sb+some time+to do

How long did it take you to finish the work?

③It＋be＋形容词＋for sb＋to do

It is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an hour.

④It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to do

It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays.

注意：

不定式复合结构的介词用for还是of，主要决定于前面形容词的性质。一般说来，of前面的形容词是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，既说明人的特性，又说明不定式动作的特性。for前面的形容词是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等，一般说明不定式动作的特性，不说明人的

特性。前面如果是名词用for。

二、用作表语

( )The first thing is the teacher.

A.greet

B.greeting

C.to greet

D.to greeting

( ) This house is in .

A.living

B.to live

C.live

D.to living

动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如：

The best way to improve your English is to join an English club.

三、用作宾语

1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：

要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree)，

期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，

宁可计划知道(prefer, plan, know)，

希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如：

1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.

2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.

3)Id love to visit Mexico.

2.当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，如：...feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...。如：

( )I find it difficult everything.

A.to remember

B.remember

C.remembering

We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well.

He feels it his duty to help the poor.

四、用作定语

( ) 1.I’m hungry. Get me something ____.

A eat

B to eat

C eating

D for eating

( ) 2. –Have you got everything ready for the trip?

--Yes. There’s nothing ______.

A. to worry about

B. need to worry about

C. to worry at all

D. worrying about

( ) 3. He is a nice person ______.

A. to work with

B. working with

C. worked with

D. to be worked

1.句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语，不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系时，用动词不定式的主动式。如：

1)I cant think of any good advice to give her. 动宾关系

2)Basketball has also become a more popular sport for people to watch.

2.动词不定式所修饰的名词是place, time, way等时，不定式与这些名词呈现出动状关系或同位关系。如：

1)He needs time to do homework.

2)Is that a good place to hang out？

3)You want to know the best way to get around the city.

五、用作补语

( ) Their teacher often ______ them a funny story ______ his class lovely and interesting.

A. tells; to make

B. talks; to make

C. says; makes

D. speaks; makes

动词不定式作补语时，在主动语态句里补宾语，在被动语态句里补主语，句子的宾语或主语是不定式动作的逻辑执行者。如果不定式是to be done，句子的宾语或主语就是逻辑承受者。

1.在主、被动语态句里用带to的动词不定式作补语的动词主要有：

要求允许提议(ask, allow, permit, advise)，

期望邀请鼓励(expect, suppose, invite, encourage)，

教导告诉想要(teach, tell, want)，

等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如：

1)Id invite her to have dinner at my house.

2)Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.

3)Email English is supposed to be used on mobile phones.

2.动词不定式作补语，在主动语态句里不带to，被动语态句里带to时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词，包括

四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch，

三“让”：have, let, make，

二“听”：hear, listen to，

一“感觉”：feel，一“注意”：notice。

1)This picture makes me feel tense！

2)Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams

3.be said, be sure, happen, seem等后面可以接带to的动词不定式作主语的补语。如：

1)He doesn’t seem to have many friends.

2)Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you.

( ) 1. We saw him ______ the building and go upstairs.