研究生学术英语教材 翻译答案
研究生学术英语 罗立胜主编课后翻译最全
5单元1、酸雨会毒死鱼类，毁灭森林，腐蚀建筑。
Acid rain poisons fish,destroys forests,corrodes buildings.2、我们对环保不能光说不练，我们必须有行动。
We should not just pay lip service to environmental protection,we must act.3、调查发现一些小官僚也参与了“钱权交易”。
Investigation founds that some petty bureaucrats had also been involved in “power for money exchange”.4、我们要加大反腐力度，对贪污腐化的官员严惩不贷。
We must reinforce the momentum of the anticorruption drive and show no mercy to the corrupt officials.5、政府交通部门要严格执法，严惩酒后驾车。
The government’s transportation agencies must execute the law strictly and enforce severe penalties for drunken drivers.6、12月9日被联合国定为全球反腐败日，这为提高公众觉悟，积极打击贪污、抑制腐败提供了一个独特的机会。
December 9 is designated by the UN as International Anticorruption Day,which provides a unique opportunity to enhance public awareness,commitment to combating graft and curbing corruption.7、联合国新近颁布了《反腐公约》，要求签约的成员国制定相关法律，以禁止受贿索贿行为。
研究生学术综合英语补充课文的原文翻译和习题答案
研究生学术综合英语补充课文的原文翻译和习题答案Lesson One Spell of the Rising Moon I. READING COMPREHENSION A. Answer the following questions or complete the following statements. 1. D (But it is the drama of the moonrise that I come to see. For that restores in me a quiet and clarity that the city spends too freely.)2. D ( There have been broad, confident harvest moons in autumn; shy, misty moons in spring; lonely, white winter moons rising into the utter silence of an ink-black sky and smoke-smudged orange moons over the dry fields of summer. Each, like fine music, excited my heart and then calmed my soul.)3. C (To prehistoric hunters the moon overhead was as unerring as heartbeat. They knewthat every 29 days it became full-bellied and brilliant, then sickened and died, and then was reborn. They knew the waxing moon appeared larger and higher overhead after each succeeding sunset. They knew the waning moon rose later each night until it vanished in the sunrise.) 4. B (Still, it tugs at our minds. If we unexpectedly encounter the full moon, huge and yellow over the horizon, we are helpless but to stare back at its commanding presence.) 5. B (I learned about its gifts one July evening in the mountains. My car had mysteriously stalled, and I was stranded and alone.) 6. B (To watch the moon move inexorably higher is to find an unusual stillness within ourselves.)7. D (On that July night, I watched the moon for an hour or two, and then got back into the car, turned the key in the ignition and heard the engine start, just asmysteriously as it had stalled a few hours earlier.) 8. A (I return often to the rising moon. I am drawn especially when events crowd ease and clarity of vision into a small corner of my life.) 9. A (Of Beethoven’s \Lorenzo declaims in The Merchant of Venice, //How sweet the moonlight sleeps upon this bank! / Here will we sit and let the sounds of music/Creep in our ears.\I wonder if their verse and music, like the music of crickets, are in some way voices of the moon.) 10.A (The whole passage.) B．Global understanding and logical structures Complete the following notes with the information, from the text: 1. The author often climbs the hill near his home at night to watch the drama of the moonrise because it can restore in him a quiet and clarity that the city spends too freely. 1 2. To the author the different mood and color of the moonare: A. In autumn: broad, confident harvest B. In spring: shy, misty C. In winter: lonely, white D. In summer: smoke-smudged orange 3. A. To prehistoric hunters the moon overhead was as unerring as heartbeat. B. To contemporary people live indoors few can say what time the moon will rise tonight.C. But if we unexpectedly encounter the full moon, we are helpless but to stare back at its commanding presence. 4. The moon has gifts to bestow upon those who watch it: Example: One July evening in the mountains, the author’s car mysteriously stalled, and he was stranded and alone. He took the advantage to watch the moonrise for an hour or two. When he got back into the car, the engine started just as mysteriously as it had stalled a few hours earlier. 5. Later on the author often returns to the rising moon when events crowd ease an clarity ofvision into a small corner of my life. He listens to the sound of owls and crickets and thinks the beautiful music and poems about the moon. 6. At moonrise, people open the vents of feeling and exercise parts of our minds that reason locks away by day. II. VOCABULARY A. Choose the best word from the four choices to complete each of the following sentences. 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D5. A6. B7. A8. C9. A 10. BB. Choose the best word or expression from the list given for each blank. Use each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.1. swoop2. cricket3. smudged4. Stalled5. tugs at6. stay clear of7. slipped into8. crowded into9. loom up10. stranded III. CLOZE 1. just as 2. permanent 3. depend on 4. phase 5. shadow 6. Resembling 7. lunar 8. closer 9. illuminated10. waning IV. TRANSLATION Put the following parts into Chinese. V. ORAL PRACTICE AND DISCUSSION 1. How does the author describe the moonrise? Is it the same as you see it? The sun had set, and I was watching what seemed to be the bright-orange glow of a forest fire beyond a ridge to the east. Suddenly, the ridge itself seemed to burst into flame. Then, the rising moon, huge and red 2 and grotesquely misshapen by the dust and sweat of the summer atmosphere, loomed up out of the woods. Distorted thus by the hot breath of earth, the moon seemed ill-tempered and imperfect??But as the moon lifted off the ridge it gathered firmness and authority. Its complexion changed from red, to orange, to gold, to impassive yellow. It seemed to draw light out of the darkening earth, for as it rose, the hills and valleys below grew dimmer.By the time the moon stood clear of the horizon, full chested and round and the color of ivory, the valleys were deep shadows in the landscape?? The drama took an hour. Moonrise is slow and serried with subtleties。
研究生学术英语课后习题答案
Unit 1英译汉：15Outlines are essential to effective speeches.By outlining, you make sure that related ideas are together, that your thoughts flow from one to another, and that the structure of your speech is coherent. You will probably use two kinds of outlines for your speeches--the detailed preparation outline and the brief speaking outline.发言提纲是有效发言的基础。
通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的想法是关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结构是连贯的，通常准备演讲你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。
In a preparation outline, you should state your specific purpose and central idea, and identify main points and sub--points using a consistent pattern. The speaking outline sho uld consist of brief notes to help you while you deliver the speech. It should contain key words or phrases to bolster your memory. In making up your speaking outline, follow the same visual framework used in your preparation outline. Keep the speaking outline as brief as possible and be sure it is plainly legible在准备提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点。
新编研究生英语教材 Unit 2课文翻译及课后习题答案
新编研究生英语教材 Unit 2课文翻译及课后习题答案Unit 2 LanguageText A Learn by TouchII. Word Study1) hearth2) repent3) tussle4) in the light of5) intercourse6) verbatim7) take the initiative8) gamut9) augmentation10) tactfulIII. Cloze1. B.2. A.3. A.4. C.5. D.6. B.7. A.8. C.9. C.10. D.11. C.12. A.13. D.14. C.15. A.16. C.17. D.18. C.19. A.20. B.IV. Translation1. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.博物馆和艺术品商店也是带给我快乐和灵感的源泉。
毫无疑问，很多人都觉得奇怪，不凭借视觉，手就能感觉到冰冷的大理石雕像的动作、情感和美；但我的确从触摸伟大的艺术作品中获得了真正的愉悦。
当我的指尖追寻那些起伏的线条时，它们自会发现艺术家所描绘的思想和情感。
我能从雕像的脸上感受到众神和英雄们的憎恨、勇气和爱，正如我能从允许我触摸的活人的脸上察觉出这些感情一样。
我从戴安娜的姿态中触摸到了森林的优雅与自由，还有那驯服山狮与慑服暴戾的气质。
维纳斯的静谧和优雅使我感受到了灵魂的喜悦；而巴雷的铜像则使我仿佛窥见了丛林的秘密。
2. Translate the following paragraphs into English.English is attached great importance in China where English training market is in full swing with so many training centers appearing. Many Chinese, old and young, have made learning English an important part of their daily life. Even preschoolers can remember hundreds of English words. However, behind this globalization is people’s deep concern for Chinese traditional culture.Fortunately, recent years have witnessed a surge of “back-to-the-ancients schools”. It’s said that “knowledge makes a gentleman’. The study of Chinese traditional culture and the reading of Chinese classics exposes students to a wide range of information and makes them well rounded. However, some people are still on the fence, and are ambivalent towards “back-to-the-ancients schools” because they consider this ancient wisdom to be out of tune with the times. In contrast, the Confucius Institute --- that promotes Chinese language and culture, supports local Chinese teaching internationally, and facilitates culture exchange --- has been popular worldwide. By the end of 2012, 400 Confucius Institutes and 535 Confucius Classrooms had been established in 108 countries and regions.课文翻译倚触而学海伦·凯勒1 我生命中最重要的日子是我的老师安妮·曼斯菲尔德·莎莉文到来的那一天。
考研英语研究生英语课文翻译及课后习题答案Unit1
考研英语研究生英语课文翻译及课后习题答案Unit1考研英语研究生英语课文翻译及课后习题答案Unit 1Text Translation:The origins of the cultural movement known as the Renaissance can be traced back to Italy in the 14th century. This period witnessed a significant revival of interest in the arts, literature, and science, leading to the rediscovery of classical Greek and Roman texts. The Renaissance embraced the idea that humans were capable of achieving great things and emphasized the importance of individualism, humanism, and secularism.One of the most prominent figures of the Renaissance was Leonardo da Vinci, whose talents spanned various fields such as painting, sculpture, architecture, science, and engineering. Da Vinci's famous artwork, the Mona Lisa, is arguably one of the most well-known paintings in the world. His other notable works include The Last Supper and Vitruvian Man.Another influential figure during this period was Michelangelo, known for his magnificent sculptures and frescoes. The statue of David and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel are among his most renowned creations. Michelangelo's dedication to depicting the human form with such realism and emotion exemplified the ideals of the Renaissance.The Renaissance also brought about significant advancements in literature. Petrarch, often referred to as the "father of humanism," was arenowned Italian poet and scholar. His sonnets and letters inspired a new wave of poetic expression and influenced subsequent generations of writers.In the realm of science, the Renaissance saw a departure from medieval beliefs and a resurgence of interest in empirical observation and experimentation. Figures such as Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler made groundbreaking discoveries in astronomy that challenged prevalent religious and philosophical doctrines.In conclusion, the Renaissance was a transformative period in European history, characterized by a renewed interest in the arts, literature, and science. It emphasized human potential and individual achievements, paving the way for immense cultural and intellectual progress.Answer Key to the Exercises:Exercise 1:1. c) classical Greek and Roman texts2. a) individualism, humanism, and secularism3. d) painting, sculpture, architecture, science, and engineering4. b) The Last Supper5. c) statue of David and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel6. b) Petrarch7. d) astronomy8. a) empirical observation and experimentationExercise 2:1. The cultural movement known as the Renaissance had its origins in Italy in the 14th century.2. The Renaissance witnessed a revival of interest in the arts, literature, and science, along with the rediscovery of classical Greek and Roman texts.3. Leonardo da Vinci was a prominent figure of the Renaissance, excelling in various fields such as painting, sculpture, architecture, science, and engineering.4. The Mona Lisa is one of Leonardo da Vinci's most famous works, along with The Last Supper and Vitruvian Man.5. Michelangelo was another influential figure during the Renaissance, famous for his sculptures and frescoes, including the statue of David and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.6. Petrarch, considered the "father of humanism," was a renowned Italian poet and scholar, whose sonnets and letters inspired a new era of poetic expression.7. The Renaissance marked a departure from medieval beliefs and a renewed focus on empirical observation and experimentation in the field of science.8. Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler were notable scientists of the Renaissance, making significant discoveries in astronomy that challenged prevailing religious and philosophical ideas.Exercise 3:1. The Renaissance originated in Italy during the 14th century, with a revival of interest in arts, literature, and science.2. Leonardo da Vinci's talents extended to various fields, including painting, sculpture, architecture, science, and engineering.3. The Mona Lisa is one of Leonardo da Vinci's most famous paintings, alongside The Last Supper and Vitruvian Man.4. Michelangelo's renowned sculptures and frescoes include the statue of David and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.5. Petrarch, known as the "father of humanism," had a significant impact on poetry and literature.6. The Renaissance brought about a shift towards empirical observation and experimentation in the field of science.7. Prominent scientists of the Renaissance, such as Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler, made groundbreaking discoveries in astronomy.In summary, the Renaissance in Italy during the 14th century led to a revival of arts, literature, and science. Figures like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Petrarch played crucial roles in shaping this cultural movement. Additionally, the Renaissance marked a turning point in scientific methods, with scientists like Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler challenging established beliefs through empirical observation and experimentation. The impact of the Renaissance on European history cannot be overstated, as it ushered in an era of significant cultural and intellectual progress.。
研究生英语教材翻译答案
Unit One“Business happens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well,” says Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting ‘there’ faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move quickly, but you have to know how to decide where ‘there’ is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organiz ation and is not exclusive to management.”“一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。
这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。
这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。
”Lastly, professional status encompasses adherence to ethical standards. Most lawyers find self worth in setting an example—both within the profession and within the larger society—as ethical actors. When management affirms the special respect due to lawyers who act with the utmost integrity and civility in all of their professional dealings, it provides yet another form of compensation最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。
研究生英语课后翻译练习参考答案
UNIT 1A. 十八世纪以来，交通和道路条件有所改善，使得住在农村的人可以到附近的城镇去，进行多种娱乐活动。
一些观赏型活动随着十九世纪的工业化进程兴盛起来。
剧场、音乐厅和体育运动发展了起来，越来越多的人可以参与其中。
铁路网逐步形成，公交公司也开始出现，于是，价格低廉的乡村一日游和海边一日游初具雏形，并最终发展成英国现在的团队游和包价游。
二十世纪，收音机、电影、电视相继问世，一个更加巨大的专业娱乐产业形成了。
在所有这些变革中，参与型、观赏型、家庭型娱乐活动不断融合。
B. 艺术曾经被赋予某种珍贵而独特的形象，同高雅文化联系在一起，而高雅文化一度通常是中上阶层的特权。
大众流行文化的发展扩大了潜在观众群，使他们参与到更丰富的文化活动中。
更多人有机会接触更为广义的艺术。
流行音乐会、民间音乐、民族音乐以及青年文化消遣活动占据了年轻人很大一部分空闲时间，同时也促进了贸易和出口，并提升了英国的国内国际形象。
这些活动可能是业余的，也可能是专业的，它们进一步促进了参与型、观赏型和家庭型娱乐活动的融合。
C. 随着大多数人享有越来越多的空闲以及有了更多的收入，假期以及去哪度假成为了英国人生活中很重要的一部分。
许多人更愿意利用英国和欧洲大陆之间便利的海上和空中交通，自己安排假期。
英国本身假期的形式就多种多样，既有传统的海边家庭旅馆“住宿加早餐”，也可以入住宾馆，在房车停车场过夜或利用帐篷野营等等。
越来越多的家庭拥有汽车，进一步扩大了旅游的可能性。
今天，超过五分之三的家庭拥有至少一辆车，百分之十六的家庭拥有两辆或更多汽车。
II. 英国人把排队叫做“queue up”，美国人把排队叫做“wait in line”，只有纽约人不同，他们把排队叫做“wait on line”。
似乎没有人知道纽约人为什么要这样说，这倒是我们在排队时可以好好考虑的问题。
排队是城市生活中一个严峻的现实。
尽管对于城市里哪种队最难排似乎还没有一个一致的意见，但是人们在谈话中经常提到午饭时间在银行和邮局排队，年轻人则经常提到买电影票以及大学注册时排的长队。
研究生综合英语课文译文及课后练习答案(3)
研究生综合英语课文译文及课后练习答案第一课Text A 自由落体[1] 直到动身的那一天，我才感到告别和真正离家对我所产生的影响，这使我比闹钟预定的时间提前一小时醒来。
那时，我那金色的爱犬米西最后一次用力地舔了我一下表示问候。
以前她那么做时，我厌烦得要命，不过那天，我张开双臂把她搂在怀里，深情地慢慢抚摸着她。
此时，她那悲伤的眼神与我四目相对，她那绸缎般的皮毛摸上去比平常更加柔滑。
当然直到告别那天，我才注意到爱犬的这些特点，这令我更加难舍难离。
[2] 一整天都是这样：我突然感到自己将会怀念许多人和事。
我变得多愁善感起来，因为要与那些我早已习以为常的人说再见——那些常我工作的饭馆里的顾客，那些我好像从来都找不到时间和他们说话的人。
我不得不离开我所有的朋友，还有我总想“某天去认识”的同学。
最重要的是，我将被迫与生我养我的人分别。
[3] 突然间，我那些渴望独立和自由的豪言壮语变成了可怕的现实。
我曾经说过我了不起，就要上一所名校，现在我开始感到了这些大话的压力。
没什么了不起。
我曾经是那么急不可待地盼望这一天的到来，而现在，这一天终于到来了，我却感到自己好像并不想走了，我想那可能是因为我要到一所离家有6小时车程的大学去上学的缘故。
[4] 事实上，在我决定要离家的时候，我所有的个人问题仿佛都烟消云散了，我才不在乎呢，反正我要走了。
我要向每个人表明我想走————而且，上帝作证，我整装待发。
然而，这一天到来了，我不知道自己是否真正做好了出发的准备。
[5] 老爸和继母要送我去学校，不过，我要首先和妈妈告别。
谁都知道离婚不是件容易的事。
那天早上我和妈妈一起吃了饭，她当时立刻就谈起我过去的一些经历来，还谈到了她第一年离家上大学的一些事情，比如零乱的宿舍、腼腆的室友、一些艺术史课。
她说得那么详细，那么热情，以至于我清楚地感到大学生活会给人留下多么深刻的印象。
后来，我们又谈到了我到学校后可能会发生的事情————与我同住一层的家伙会是什么样，我多么希望教室不会在校园的另一侧，我是否会因为吃食堂的饭而发胖。
研究生英语习题答案与参考译文
目录第一部分课文参考译文第一单元课文：如何应对恭维补充阅读：用幽默化解难题第二单元课文：形象还是表象补充阅读：成功孕育成功第三单元课文：乔治兄弟补充阅读：教堂司事福尔曼第四单元课文：安乐死有时合情合理补充阅读：危急关头，她拒绝实施安乐死的请求第五单元课文：从业场所犹如猎偶战场补充阅读：你们男人还想兼而得之！第六单元课文：永存的美补充阅读：该是结束谣言的时候了第七单元课文：令人烦恼的二十年岁补充阅读：可预测的成年危机第八单元课文：异化社会里的工作补充阅读：论工作第九单元课文：究竟还有无隐私？补充阅读：隐私与媒体：神圣何在？第十单元课文：隐形说客补充阅读：新的说客（依旧隐形）第二部分练习参考答案第一单元如何应对恭维H·艾伦·史密斯尽管我确信蓄胡子会使我更加气度不凡，走在大街上会使女性发笑，但我从不留胡子，原因是我不敢冒险，因为哪怕蓄一点点胡子也很危险，它会招来别人的恭维。
例如，如果一位女士走到我跟前，说道：“你的胡子最迷人，”我会无所适从，不知怎样回答才好。
我可能会惊慌得脱口而出：“我也喜欢您的胡子。
”在社会交往中，应对恭维比对付辱骂要艰难得多，这话听起来有点矛盾，却有一定的道理。
闲聊时来句恭维话，往往让我们大多数人不知所措。
例如，有人对我们说上一句动听、赞美的话，我们就慌得说不出话来，膝盖开始瑟瑟发抖。
如果别人称赞不是真正属于我自己的东西时，我根本无法欣然接受。
我家住在一个小山上，俯瞰山下一片宽广的谷地。
来访者惊叹道：“天哪！你这儿的景色太美了！”整个山谷原本就在那里，不是我造的，也不属于我。
然而我傻乎乎地笑着说：“噢，没什么——无非是过去留下的一片土地而已。
”我在接受这种特定的恭维时，表示最能完全接受的说法就是“嗯，我们喜欢。
”采用这种答话必须得小心谨慎。
就某样东西说“我们喜欢”，言外之意就是，还有许多其他人都认为它很令人讨厌。
不久前，我和一批人在一起时，其中有位来自澳大利亚的地球物理学家在滔滔不绝地谈论宇宙中的奇观。
新编研究生英语教材 Unit 1课文翻译及答案
新编研究生英语教材Unit 1课文翻译及答案Answers for Text A and Text BText A: Why teach research ethics?II word study(1) Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the list above for each blank. Make changes when necessa ry.1.meticulous2. protocol3. albeit4. embroiled5. plagiarism6.efficacy7.adjudicates8. infringement9. incorporated 10. sanctionIII. Cloze1.B2. A3. A4. D5. C6. A7. C8. C9. A 10. C 11.A 12. C 13. B 14. C 15.A 16. B 17. B 18. A 19. C 20.C IV. Translation1.学术不端并不是能够简单评价的问题。
其中一个重要问题是，在科学领域里，对于什么样的行为有违伦理规范，应当受到惩罚，仍然模棱两可。
工程，法律，和医学领域对道德行为的定义有明确的书面指导原则。
虽然某些特别复杂的案例会挑战这些原则的底线，但多数原则具有指导意义。
科学研究也并不提供书面的行为准则。
联邦政府和私人机构一直试图阐明学术不端行为的裁定标准，比如一些描述科研不端行为的核心定义，包括编造，篡改和等等。
然而这些行为容易与包含“可疑行为”在内的其他不太确定的类别相互混淆。
这些混淆的定义让学生和教职人员也不是很清楚他们到底承担哪些责任和义务？2.Researchers should tell every participant about all the characteristics and details of the study, though such an act may affect the willingness of subjects. Researchers should also try to answer or explain any question about the experiment from subjects. Frankness and sincerity are supposed to be essential to the relationship between researchers and subjects. When researchers have to hide from or deceive subjects for methodological reasons, they need to have subjects understand the reasons for doing so and try to recover their original relationships.Researchers should respect the subjects’rights and freedom to refuse or terminate their participation in the study at any time. This point is even more salient when researchers have higher power-relationship than subjects. As regards the moral acceptability of experimental procedures and measures, there must be a clear and fair agreement reached by researchers and subjects at the outset in order to clarify each other’s responsibility. Researchers have a responsibility to abide by and comply with the provisions of commitments and obligations in the agreement.译文：Text A为什么要教科研伦理朱迪·E·斯特恩丹妮·艾略特1. 最近，我们当中的一员有机会与一名医科学生谈论她正计划要做的一个实验室轮转项目。
研究生学术综合英语16课课文及翻译
Presenting a speech（做演讲）Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。
我们用语言language we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识，knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself.传承文化。
事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。
[Contrary to popular belief], language | does not simply mirror reality butalso helps to create our sense of reality [by giving meaning to events].和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。
——语序的调整。
Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately.好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。
研究生学术英语课后习题答案
5 尽管因特网已经彻底改变了全球通讯，但是对于那些意图 为了罪恶目的而利用网络力量的人和那些负责阻止这些网 络犯罪的人来说，他们之间的较量才刚刚开始。
1 看似无害的编程错误可以被利用，导致电脑被侵入并为电 脑蠕虫和病毒的繁衍提供温床。
2 当一个软件漏洞被发现，黑客可以将漏洞变成一个侵入点， 从而造成极大的破坏，在这之前，往往需要争分夺秒地利 用正确的软件补丁来防止破坏的发生。
3 最简单的钓鱼骗局试图利用迅速致富的伎俩诱使诈骗目标 寄钱。但网络骗子们也变得越来越狡猾，最近的陷阱是通 过发送客户服务的电子邮件让用户进入假银行或商业网站， 并在那里请他们“重新输入”他们的账户信息。
2 这可以指获取计算机系统的存储内容，获得一个系统的处 理能力，或捕获系统之间正在交流的信息。
3 那些系统开发者或操作者所忽视的不为人知的漏洞很可能 是由于糟糕的设计造成的，也可能是为了让系统具备一些 必要的功能而导致计划外的结果。
Unit 1 Choosing a Topic
1 Deciding on a topic
5 另外，考虑安装一个硬件防火墙并将从互联网中流入和流 出的数据限定在仅有的几个你真正需要的端口，如电子邮 件和网站流量。
Unit 1 Choosing a Topic
1 Deciding on a topic
Enhancing your academic language
Translate the following sentences from Text 2 into Chinese.
Unit 1 Choosing a Topic
1 Decidic language
Translate the following sentences from Text 2 into Chinese.
研究生学术英语教材翻译答案
感谢“无形的手”自从普利茅斯的清教徒赚得了他们的第一次大丰收，感谢全能的神就成为了感恩节的主旋律。
如今，全国各地的上百万家庭都在感谢上帝为他们带来的种种礼物——餐桌上的盛宴和爱人的陪伴，过去岁月的健康和好运，在战争时代中的家庭和平，从出生的那一刻起直到成为一个美国人所享受的数不清的特权。
但是我们当中的许多人大概都想不起来感激当地的超市，为这个星期到来囤积了的大量火鸡的事实。
即使是最虔诚的人也不会想到去感谢准时的航班，在感恩节之际载回他们的亲人们与自己团聚。
不会想到去感谢在周末当地电影院准时播出的大片《怒海争锋：极地远征》。
不会想到去感谢报纸美食版面上超级棒的蔓越莓派的食谱。
对于食品商店在感恩节前就储存了大量的火鸡和为什么好莱坞能在盛大节日时准时播出他的大片，我们很难用奇迹去解释。
我们多多少少都会认为这是理所当然的。
那就是他们应该做的。
上帝又在这其中起了什么作用？你有没有想过，可能是许多你不认识的人花费了大量的技术与劳动力，完成了这些神奇的甚至是超出理解的事情并给与了你一个完美的感恩节呢？举个例子，要将一只火鸡带到餐桌上就需要成千上万人的努力——需要家禽养殖者将其养大，当然也需要食品配货商提供饲料然后需要卡车司机将其运载到养殖场，更不用提孵化场的建筑者，建造它的工人和保持其运作的技师了。
这些家禽长成以后还要被屠宰、褪毛、检查、运送、卸货、包装、标价和展售。
而这些人能做到如上还需要另一群人工作的支持，包括提纯卡车燃烧所需要的汽油，生产包装肉类的塑料。
这些数不清的男男女女在离我们很遥远的地方，从事着历时几个月时间的活动是被精细的策划过和精确的时间规划过的，这样你才能在感恩节只等几分钟就可以买到一只新鲜的火鸡。
成功的完成这件事情需要你难以想象的协商与合作。
而出乎意料的是：根本就没有人在策划这一切。
事实上并不存在一个坐在指挥所里面，查阅蓝图并发号施令的火鸡沙皇。
没有人在监督，强迫他们为了你而去团结协作。
但他们确实在合作，因为当你走到超市时，火鸡已经在那了。
研究生学术英语课后习题答案课件
5 尽管因特网已经彻底改变了全球通讯，但是对于那些意图 为了罪恶目的而利用网络力量的人和那些负责阻止这些网 络犯罪的人来说，他们之间的较量才刚刚开始。
1、只要朝着一个方向奋斗，一切都会变得得心应手。20.6.166.16.202010:0010:00:23Jun-2010:00 2、心不清则无以见道，志不确则无以定功。二〇二〇年六月十六日2020年6月16日星期二
Unit 1 Choosing a Topic
1 Deciding on a topic
Enhancing your academic language
Translate the following sentences from Text 1 into Chinese.
1 有些人声称黑客是那些扩宽知识界限而不造成危害的好人 （或即使造成危害，但并非故意而为），而“破碎者”才 是真正的坏人。
3、有勇气承担命运这才是英雄好汉。10:006.16.202010:006.16.202010:0010:00:236.16.202010:006.16.2020 4、与肝胆人共事，无字句处读书。6.16.20206.16.202010:0010:0010:00:2310:00:23
5、阅读使人充实，会谈使人敏捷，写作使人精确。Tuesday, June 16, 2020June 20Tuesday, June 16, 20206/16/2020 6、最大的骄傲于最大的自卑都表示心灵的最软弱无力。10时0分10时0分16-Jun-206.16.2020
1 看似无害的编程错误可以被利用，导致电脑被侵入并为电 脑蠕虫和病毒的繁衍提供温床。
2 当一个软件漏洞被发现，黑客可以将漏洞变成一个侵入点， 从而造成极大的破坏，在这之前，往往需要争分夺秒地利 用正确的软件补丁来防止破坏的发生。
【Selected】研究生学术综合英语1-6课课文及翻译.doc
Presentingaspeech（做演讲）Ofallhumancreations,languagemaRbethemostremarAable.Through在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。
我们用语言languageweshareeRperience,formulatevalues,eRchangeideas,transmit来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识，Anowledge,andsustainculture.Indeed,languageisvitaltothinAitself.传承文化。
事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。
[ContrarRtopopularbelief],language|doesnotsimplRmirrorrealitRbut alsohelpstocreateoursenseofrealitR[bRgivingmeaningtoevents].和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。
——语序的调整。
GoodspeaAershaverespectforlanguageandAnowhowitworAs.Wordsareth etoolsofaspeaA er’s craft.TheRhavespecialuses,justliAethetoolsofanRoth erprofession.AsaspeaAer,RoushouldbeawareofthemeaningofwordsandA nowhowtouselanguageaccuratelR,clearlR,vividlR,andappropriatelR.好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。
词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。
作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。
研究生 英语课后翻译部分参考答案
Key to sentences translationTranslation task 2 in Unit 6: （P156）1、The types of rice grown in a country depend on climatic conditions.2、Measures need to be taken to mitigate the environmental effects of burning coal.3、Taxes are a way of redistributing wealth.4、Such items are obviously subject to wear and require periodic replacement.5、Africa is suffering the worst drought of the century.6、The results provide the most authoritative and conclusive evidence.Key to sentences translationTranslation task 2 in Unit 6:（P157）1、Scientific evidence suggests that human activities are contributing to climate changes.2、Natural changes in climate result from interactions such as those between the atmosphere and ocean.3、To attribute the symptom to an underlying cause often requires additional and more complex tests.4、The changes in globally averaged temperature that have occurred at the Earth’s surface over the past century are similar to those predicated by models.5、To probe the question of attribution requires the application of more powerful and complex methods.6、Statistical analyses have shown that these correspondences are highly unlikely to have occurred by chance.7、The patterns of change predicted by models and those actually observed agree to one another.8、The most recent assessment of the science suggests that human activities have led to a discernible influence on global climate.Key to sentences translationTranslation task 2 in Unit 6:（P159）1、There is an abundance of fresh vegetables available.2、The firefighters alerted residents and helped them to safety.3、The value of the land accounts for 30% of the house’s price.4、The police will offer a cash reward for information leading to the arrest of the thieves.5、The exciting findings have been based on the data collected in the past ten years.6、Contrary to popular belief, bottled water is not always better than tap water.7、The costs have been offset by savings in other areas.8、The improvements is training resulted in increased wins.Key to sentences translationTranslation task 2 in Unit 7:（P162）1、I have no idea what sort of people inhabit the area.2、A lot of children have been deprived of a normal home life.3、We want a clean healthy environment for all humanity.4、What looks beautiful to you may be a confusing mishmash to others.5、Moving to the city has been a difficult adjustment for us.Key to sentences translationTranslation task 2 in Unit 7:（P164）1、He has earned our respect and admiration.2、She did a series of interviews to publicize her new book.3、This way of life is totally alien to us.4、John has just bought a beautiful oriental carpet.5、Nothing could obliterate the memory of those tragic events.Key to sentences translationTranslation task 2 in Unit 7:（P166）1、The growth in international trade is a telling indicator of the globalization of business in recent decades.2、Of course, tariffs do not tell the whole story.3、One of the dangers of economic globalization is the further concentration of power in those who are already rich.4、Companies may shape consumer demand but cannot disregard customer concerns such as health and environment.5、Commercial thinking spreads from business to penetrate socio-cultural sectors such as education, health care, the arts and even religion.Key to sentences translationTranslation task 2 in Unit 7:（P169）1、Humans long to be part of a group, while insisting on their individuality.2、Awareness of the plane’s fragility may have brought moves towards the globalization of human society.3、If global war now seems unlikely, civil wars still rage worldwide.4、Sport is both unifying and polarizing in its effect, with supporter cheering their own team and jeering their opponents.5、Blaming the loss of jobs on globalization is a typical reaction, with foreigners bearing the brunt of labour force discontent.6、Perhaps we are just more aware of violent confrontation in different parts of the world.Key to sentences translationTranslation task 2 in Unit 7:（P170）1、Schools have been maligned by politicians and newspapers.2、Even rich nations often have intractable poverty.3、A large number of mayors attended the forum on crime.4、Most of the law cases he deals with are pretty mundane.5、The president did not specify the date for his visit to Japan.6、The country has a monetary system based on the value of gold.7、The changes have been greater than we ever envisaged.8、At 80 he still refuses to relinquish control of the company.9、Colleges students must abide by the rules on campus.10、An overwhelming majority of the members are women.11、All government agencies received a directive to reduce their tariff.12、Helping the kids with their homework takes precedence over housework.Key to sentences translationTranslation task 2 in Unit 7:（P173）1、Several of the my friends had been afflicted with this type of disease.2、Mary’s health deteriorated to the point that she could no longer walk.3、Her family’s government has been accused of corruption and abuse of power.4、The country’s government has been accused of corruption and abuse of power.5、The retention of valued employees is worth more than a little inconvenience.6、Tourism has brought a huge influx of wealth into the region.7、The virus has suppressed the body’s immune system.8、Jimmy has nothing to contempt for his boss.9、Tobacco has overtaken coffee to become the country’s leading export.Translation task 2 in Unit 5:1、We must proceed with extreme caution.2、We can generalize from the example that we have studied.3、There is a strong probability that the problem will recur if we do not deal with it now.4、Smoking during pregnancy can endanger you baby’s health.5、She had an intuitive ability to size up people’s capabilities.Translation task 2 in Unit 5:1、People sometimes find it hard to see the distinction between spoken and written language of English.2、The earlier you start review, the better you are likely to do in the exam.3、It is worth pointing out that the researchers will not be able to know every aspect of this type of bird.4、It will take over a year to renovate the historic hotel.5、In some cases a psychologist who studies learning ability will welcome these results.6、Water these plants twice a week and likewise the ones in the bedroom.7、The point is, if you don’t claim the money now you might never get it.8、It is impossible to quantify what an active cultural life does for a city.Translation task 2 in Unit 6:1、The loss of the ozone layer is also believed to be having a cooling effect.2、In this brochure we highlight many of the features of the products.3、They have no convincing textual evidence.4、It’s too early to make any predictions about the election results.5、Thus the volcanic rocks formed are drastically different from their oceanic counterparts.。
学术英语课后翻译答案
学术英语（理工）课后英译汉练习答案Text 11有些人声称黑客是那些扩宽知识界限而不造成危害的好人（或即使造成危害，但并非故意而为），而“破碎者”才是真正的坏人。
2这可以指获取计算机系统的存储内容，获得一个系统的处理能力，或捕获系统之间正在交流的信息。
3那些系统开发者或操作者所忽视的不为人知的漏洞很可能是由于糟糕的设计造成的，也可能是为了让系统具备一些必要的功能而导致计划外的结果。
4另一种是预先设定好程序对特定易受攻击对象进行攻击，然而，这种攻击是以鸟枪式的方式发出的，没有任何具体目标，目的是攻击到尽可能多的潜在目标。
5另外，考虑安装一个硬件防火墙并将从互联网中流入和流出的数据限定在仅有的几个你真正需要的端口，如电子邮件和网站流量。
Text 21看似无害的编程错误可以被利用，导致电脑被侵入并为电脑蠕虫和病毒的繁衍提供温床。
2当一个软件漏洞被发现，黑客可以将漏洞变成一个侵入点，从而造成极大的破坏，在这之前，往往需要争分夺秒地利用正确的软件补丁来防止破坏的发生。
3最简单的钓鱼骗局试图利用迅速致富的伎俩诱使诈骗目标寄钱。
但网络骗子们也变得越来越狡猾，最近的陷阱是通过发送客户服务的电子邮件让用户进入假银行或商业网站，并在那里请他们“重新输入”他们的账户信息。
4间谍软件与垃圾邮件和钓鱼网络一起，构成了三个令人生厌的互联网害虫。
尽管有些程序可以通过入侵软件漏洞从而进入电脑，但这些有害而秘密的程序通常会随着其他通常是免费的应用软件侵入到计算机系统中。
5尽管因特网已经彻底改变了全球通讯，但是对于那些意图为了罪恶目的而利用网络力量的人和那些负责阻止这些网络犯罪的人来说，他们之间的较量才刚刚开始。
Text 51.最近在《纽约时报》上刊登的一篇文章谈到了一种新计算机软件，该软件在瞬间就能通过数以千计的法律文件筛选并寻找到那些可诉讼的条款，这为律师们节省了在阅读文件上所花费的数百小时。
2.他们主要靠耕种来养活自己，然后再多种一些用以物品交易或卖一些盈余3.从事农业和畜牧业者的绝对数量大约在1910年时达到顶峰（约有1,100—1,200万），在此之后人数便急剧下降4.这个故事总结了美国几个世纪以来的工作经历，从失业工人的层面上讲是悲剧，但从全国劳动力的层面上讲是件好事。
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寻找适当的均衡
亚当斯密在1776年描述了“无形的手”是怎样驱动公司追逐利益的，同时这只手也令公司们做出了有益于社会的决定。
我们可以将斯密的观点总结为：商业的目标就是利益最大化和自由企业制度才是对社会最好的制度。
但是，1776年之后的世界发生了变化。
如今的公司具有更大的规模，它们经营变得更全球化，拥有成千上万的员工，被上百万的股东共同持有。
这不禁使我们怀疑，“无形的手”是否还能提供可靠的指导。
这些公司是应该继续追求利益最大化还是应该拓宽眼界，采取更多的手段去平衡顾客、员工、商品和社会之间关系？当今的许多学者任然支持以下三条被完善后的亚当斯密的观点：
·一个公司的原则目标应该是将股东的财富最大化，那就意味着要将公司股票的价值最大化。
·自由企业制度整体来说，仍然是对于一个国家最好的经济制度。
在自由企业制度的框架下，公司会开发人们所需要的产品和服务从而能满足社会的需求。
·不论怎样，有些束缚还是必要的——公司应该不允许排放污水和污浊的空气，不允许参加不正当的就业实践活动，不允许制造剥削消费者的垄断。
这些禁令有各种各样的形式。
为了防止企业参加伤害社会的活动，政府通过社会进程，施行了大范围的规则。
另一套约束即是如果企业做出了伤害社会的事情，他们将为此付出大量的金钱。
正确的实施会使得这些罚金在很大程度上转化为受害方的赔偿，同时也抑制了在未来再发生相同的事情。
最近的两个例子很好的证实了以上观点。
首先是在2007年和2008年，华尔街许多公司参加的极度具有风险的商业活动将金融系统推向了崩溃的边缘。
要救活金融系统需要银行和其他公司的财政援助，而这个财政援助为了筹集资金就会将对纳税人产生重压，需要他们交付一大笔资金，这会将经济推入到一个更深的衰退路程。
除了失败的公司压在社会上的重担，这些金融公司自身也付出了巨大的代价——不少领头公司的股票市值暴跌，有一些甚至无法经营最终破产，还有很多的华尔街执行官丢掉了他们的工作。
更近一些的2010年，BP公司在墨西哥湾发生的严重的石油泄漏对海湾的环境和经济都产生了巨大的影响。
在最初爆炸后的三个月内，BP公司的股票几乎丢失了它一半的市值，没有人知道这最后到底会损失多少，也没有人知道BP能否存活下来。
这次泄漏也使包括美国在内的许多国家重新检查了他们关于深海钻井的政策，与此同时对于BP来说也对它的石油长期供应业务造成了很坏的影响。
然而，仍然有些人认为对于BP公司的罚金并不足以弥补它所造成的伤害，限制利益最大化的理论也并不适当。
正如通用电气的CEO杰夫·伊梅尔特所说，仅仅守法是不够的，企业应该时刻在头脑中提醒自己道德的为社会利益服务。
伊梅尔特进一步提出产值和声誉是息息相关的，如果你想将利益最大化，就要在顾客、供应商、雇员和监管人之中取得一个好口碑。
他说：“人们为GE工作的原因是他们不想孤身一人，想成为这个大集体中的一部分。
他们想要努力工作，获得晋升，拿着可观的薪水，但是他们更想为那些出众的，在世界上做着伟大事情的公司工作。
GE是他们成为好公民的一个平台。
这不仅仅是一件美好二无经济意义的小事，而是对股票市值和商业活动都有好处的举措。
并不是只有GE这么做。
比起为股票持有者挣钱，越来越多的公司更加关注他们的使命。
谷歌公司著名的格言就是“不要成为恶魔。
”与这个使命保持一致的是，谷歌有它公司内部的基金，并且已经在全球范围内做了大量的慈善风险投资。
还有许多公司领导者捐赠私人资金的例子。
微软公司的比尔盖茨在2008年的世界经济论坛上所做的演讲当中，给出了充分的理由支持“创新型资本主义”。
他说：“这样的一个系统将会背负着两个使命：创造利益和为那些没有受益与市场力量的人提供一个更好的生活。
”
盖茨也确实做到了如他所说的。
他和他的妻子在2000年建立了比尔及琳达·盖茨基金会。
如今，这个基金会已经拥有了超过335亿美元的资金。
当著名的投资人沃伦·巴菲特在2006年宣布他将把自己资产的一大部分捐赠给该基金会时，基金会收到了一笔数目可观的捐款。
据数据统计，巴菲特的捐赠超过了60亿美元，而且经过一段时间后，巴菲特还计划将他现值400亿美元的附加股票也捐赠能出去。
这些行动使我们认识到生命当中还有许多比金钱更为重要的东西，但是做好事往往需要金钱。