小升初英语系列-动词及时态1

动词及一般现在、过去、将来时态讲义和演练

一．动词（verb）

1.概述：表示动作行为的词，主要有实意动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四种。

a.实意动词也叫行为动词，在句中作谓语，说明主语发出的动作。分为及物（vt）

和不及物(vi)两种，及物动词后可直接跟宾语，不及物动词后须先加副词或介词

才能跟宾语。如：get to school，arrive in Shenzhen

b.连系动词简称系动词，主要指be(am/is/are)，构成主系表结构。此外，许多感官

动词也可充当系动词，如look, smell, taste等

c.助动词（do/does/did/will）本身无词义，只是帮助谓语动构成一定的语法结构。

d.情态动词表示情感、态度的词。如：can, could, will/would, may, must, have to等

2.动词的变化形式有：第三人称单数，过去式，过去分词，现在分词。

二．一般现在时态（the simple present tense）

1.表示客观存在的状态或经常性、习惯性的动作。

2. 时态结构：由主语+be（am/is/are）+表语或主语+实意动词+宾语构成。

3. 时间状语：always, usuall y, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a

week, on Sundays,

4. 当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用相应的第三人称单数形式。

注：动词的第三人称单数变化规则类同可数名词的复数变化规则：

a.一般情况下，直接加-s, 如：walk-walks

b.以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾，加-es, 如：wash-washes, go-goes

c.以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i,加-es, 如：carry-carries

Be动词的用法口诀：我(I)用am, 你(you)用are, is用于他(he)她(she)它(it)，单数用is,

复数都用are.

5. 在助动词do/does的帮助下，熟练掌握对一般现在时的肯定句进行否定、一般疑问及

回答和特殊疑问的句型转换。

三．一般过去时态（the simple past tense）

1.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。

2.时态结构：由主语+was/were+表语或主语+谓语动词的过去式+宾语构成

3. 时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month),

in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago

4. 动词过去式的变化形式

规则变化：a. 直接加-ed/d, 如：play-played, lie-lied

b. 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i,加ed, 如：study-studied

c. 重读闭音节动词，双写末尾辅音字母，再加ed, 如：stop-stopped

不规则变化（见不规则动词表）（A-A-A, A-A-B, A-B-B, A-B-C）

5.在助动词did的帮助下，熟练掌握对一般过去时的肯定句进行否定、一般疑问句及回答

和特殊疑问句的句型转换。

四．一般将来时态（the simple future tense）

1.表示将要发生的动作或计划打算要做的事。

2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow,

3.时态结构：由主语+will/shall+动词原形或主语+be going to+动词原形构成，通常情

况下，两者可互换。具体而言，主语+will+动词原形强调不以人的意愿为转移的客观将来，而主语+be going to+动词原形侧重一个人计划打算要做的事，主观性较强。

如：It will rain tomorrow. I’m going to Xi’an next week.

4.注意分别对will/shall和be going to的结构进行肯定、否定及回答和特殊疑问句型变换。

随堂演练（满分100分）

一.用be动词的适当形式填空（13*1分=13分）

1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.

2. The girl______ Jack's sister.

3. The dog _______ tall and fat.

4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.

5. ______ your brother in the classroom?

6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.

7. How _______ your father?

8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.

9. Whose dress ______ this?

10.Whose socks ______ they?

二.写出下列单词的三单、过去式形式（16*2分=32分）

drink ________ __________ go _______ ___________

stay ________ __________ make ________ __________

look _________ __________ have_________ ____________ pass_______ __________ carry ________ ____________

come________ __________ watch _________ ____________

plant_______ __________ fly ________ ______________

study_______ __________ brush________ _____________

do_________ ____________ teach_______ ______________

三.用括号内动词的适当形式填空（29*1分=29分）

1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.

2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.

3. We _______(not watch) TV on Mondays.

4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sundays.

5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?

6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?

7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?

8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.

9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.

10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.

11. Today is a sunny day. We ___________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.

13. My brother _____________ (go) to Shanghai next week.

14. Tom often __________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _________ (go) to school

by bike.

15. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually ________ (watch) TV and ________(catch)

insects?

16. It’s Friday today. What _____she ______ (do) this weekend? She _________ (watch)TV and

_____________ (catch) insects.

17. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturdays.

18. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.

19. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)