(完整word版)国际商务期末考试题
国际商务管理期末考试题及答案
国际商务管理期末考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 国际商务管理中，跨国公司通常采用哪种组织结构？A. 功能型组织结构B. 地理型组织结构C. 产品型组织结构D. 矩阵型组织结构答案：B2. 以下哪个不是国际商务中的风险类型？A. 政治风险B. 汇率风险C. 技术风险D. 信用风险答案：C3. 国际商务谈判中，以下哪项不是有效的沟通技巧？A. 明确目标B. 避免文化差异C. 避免使用肢体语言D. 保持耐心答案：C4. 国际市场营销中，产品适应策略通常指的是：A. 标准化产品B. 定制化产品C. 产品本地化D. 产品国际化答案：C5. 以下哪个不是国际商务中常见的市场进入模式？A. 出口B. 合资企业C. 特许经营D. 直接投资答案：D...（此处省略其他选择题）二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述国际商务中的文化适应策略。
答案：国际商务中的文化适应策略包括本土化策略、文化融合策略和文化同化策略。
本土化策略是指企业在进入新市场时，尽可能地适应当地的文化、法律和商业习惯。
文化融合策略是指企业在保持自身文化特色的同时，积极吸收和融合当地文化元素。
文化同化策略是指企业将自己的文化强加于当地市场，试图改变当地的文化习惯。
2. 描述国际商务中的汇率风险管理方法。
答案：汇率风险管理方法包括远期合约、期权合约、货币互换和自然对冲等。
远期合约是指企业与银行签订合约，锁定未来某一日期的汇率，以减少汇率波动带来的风险。
期权合约允许企业在一定期限内以约定汇率购买或出售货币。
货币互换是指企业与银行或其他金融机构交换不同货币的债务。
自然对冲是通过企业自身的业务活动来抵消汇率风险，如调整定价策略、改变支付时间等。
3. 阐述国际商务中的供应链管理的重要性。
答案：国际商务中的供应链管理对于企业的成功至关重要。
它涉及到原材料的采购、生产、库存管理、物流配送以及售后服务等各个环节。
有效的供应链管理可以降低成本、提高效率、增强客户满意度，并帮助企业在激烈的国际竞争中保持竞争力。
国际商法教程期末试题及答案
国际商法教程期末试题及答案1. 单选题（每题2分，共40分）1. What is the main purpose of international commercial law?A. To regulate domestic business transactionsB. To facilitate trade between different countriesC. To protect consumers from unfair business practicesD. To enforce intellectual property rights答案：B2. Which of the following is NOT a principle of international commercial law?A. Freedom of contractB. Good faithC. Sovereign immunityD. Pacta sunt servanda答案：C3. Which international organization is responsible for the settlement of disputes between member countries?A. World Trade Organization (WTO)B. International Monetary Fund (IMF)C. United Nations (UN)D. International Court of Justice (ICJ)答案：A4. What is the purpose of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)?A. To harmonize contract law in different countriesB. To establish a global court for contract disputesC. To regulate the sale of goods within a specific regionD. To protect consumers from fraudulent sellers答案：A5. Which of the following is NOT a method of dispute resolution in international commercial law?A. MediationB. ArbitrationC. LitigationD. Negotiation答案：D...（继续回答6-40题）2. 客观题（每题5分，共50分）1. Define the principle of "lex mercatoria" in international commercial law.答案：Lex mercatoria refers to the body of customary rules and practices that have developed in international trade. It is based on the principles of fairness, good faith, and commercial reasonableness.2. Explain the concept of "force majeure" and its role in international contracts.答案：Force majeure refers to unforeseen circumstances or events beyond the control of the parties that make it impossible to fulfill their contractual obligations. It is often included as a clause in international contracts to excuse performance in such circumstances.3. Discuss the significance of the "most favored nation" principle in international trade.答案：The most favored nation principle requires that any favorable treatment given to one country must be extended to all other countries. It promotes equal treatment and prevents discrimination in international trade.4. Explain the difference between common law and civil law systems and their influence on international commercial law.答案：Common law systems are based on judicial precedents and case law, while civil law systems rely on codified statutes and legal codes. These two systems have different approaches to contract interpretation and dispute resolution, which can impact the application of international commercial law.5. What is the role of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) in international commercial law?答案：The ICC plays a significant role in the development and promotion of international commercial law. It provides standardized model contracts, rules for arbitration, and other resources to facilitate trade and resolve disputes....（继续回答6-10题）3. 论述题（每题20分，共60分）1. Discuss the importance of choice of law clauses in international contracts.答案：Choice of law clauses are essential in international contracts as they determine which jurisdiction's laws will govern the interpretation and enforcement of the contract. This helps ensure legal certainty and predictability, especially when parties involved are from different countries with different legal systems. By choosing the applicable law in advance, parties can better understand their rights and obligations under the contract and avoid potential conflicts or misunderstandings. It also provides a clear framework for resolving disputes that may arise during the course of the contract. However, it is crucial for parties to carefully consider the choice of law and seek legal advice to ensure it aligns with their interests and objectives.2. Analyze the benefits and challenges of international arbitration as a method of dispute resolution in international commercial law.答案：International arbitration offers several advantages as a method of dispute resolution in international commercial law. Firstly, it provides a neutral and private forum that allows parties to resolve their disputes outside of national courts, which can be advantageous when dealing with cross-border transactions. The use of arbitration can help avoid potential biases or preferences towards domestic parties. Secondly, it offers flexibility in terms of procedural rules, language, and choice of arbitrators. Parties can select arbitrators with expertise in the subject matter of the dispute, thus ensuring a fair and knowledgeable decision-making process. Thirdly, arbitral awards are generally enforceable across countries through international conventions such as the New York Convention, which enhances the enforceability and finality of arbitration decisions.However, international arbitration also presents challenges. It can be expensive, especially when parties need to hire specialized legal counsel and arbitrators. The lack of a formal appeals process can raise concerns about limited options for challenging an unfavorable award. Furthermore, cultural and procedural differences between parties involved from different jurisdictions can impact the efficiency and fairness of the arbitration proceedings. Despite these challenges, international arbitration remains a popular choice for resolving disputes in international commercial law due to its many advantages.3. Discuss the role of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in regulating international trade and resolving trade disputes.答案：The World Trade Organization (WTO) plays a crucial role in regulating international trade and resolving trade disputes among membercountries. Its primary objectives include facilitating the smooth flow of trade, promoting fair competition, and ensuring that trade policies are transparent and predictable. The WTO provides a framework for negotiating and enforcing trade agreements, such as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and various sector-specific agreements.One of the key functions of the WTO is dispute settlement. It offers a multilateral and binding dispute resolution mechanism that helps member countries resolve trade disputes in a fair and impartial manner. The WTO Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) consists of independent panels that hear and adjudicate trade disputes brought by member countries. The DSB's decisions are binding, and non-compliance can result in authorized retaliation or the imposition of trade sanctions.The WTO's dispute settlement mechanism has contributed to the resolution of numerous trade disputes, promoting stability and predictability in international trade. It has played a significant role in reducing trade barriers and ensuring compliance with agreed-upon trade rules. However, some criticisms include the length and complexity of the dispute settlement process, concerns about the influence of powerful countries, and the limited participation of developing countries in the decision-making process.Despite these challenges, the WTO remains an important institution for the regulation and resolution of international trade disputes. It continues to work towards a more inclusive and balanced international trading system....（继续回答4-6论述题）总结：本文针对国际商法教程期末试题及答案展开了详细的回答。
国际商务考试试题
国际商务考试试题标准化管理部编码-[99968T-6889628-J68568-1689N]一、填空题（每题1分，共10题，一空错，全题错，共10分）1，国际商务活动的三大纽带是（国际市场），（跨国公司），国际惯例。
2，世界分工由（）转向（），由行业间分工转向行业内分工。
3，波音与西飞国际合作生产零部件的原因是节省需求国外汇，（）（），（），利用当地廉价资源。
4，多国市场竞争焦点是广告，实质是凭借（）垄断，因为（）占产品价值比重大。
5，产品研发环节需要（）科技人员、（）环境和创新的组织文化6,分散大趋势原因是（）和（），企业利用核心能力组建全球虚拟企业。
7，价值链战略环节在上游时用（）营销战略，在下游时用（）营销战略。
8，彩电先在国内生产，后走出国门是利用了（），川菜走遍全国的原因是（）9，筛选目标市场的程序是（），（）和产品市场。
10，成本劣势主要表现在规模劣势，初始投资，（），（）和经验曲线上。
二、选择题：选出全部正确选项，多选、少选、选错、不选均不得分，将其标号填在题后的括号内。
（每小题2分，共10题，20分）1，下列属于国际商务活动的是哪些（ C ）A中国剧场放映美国大片珍珠港. B中美合资剧场放映国产片.C中国剧场放映用进口胶片摄制的国产片.D中国剧场放映芭蕾舞剧《天鹅湖》2，加盟洗衣店采用的是（ A ）连锁形式A，横向连锁，B，纵向连锁，C,初级连锁，D，高级连锁3，我国国有企业的管理采用的是（）A横向连锁 B，高级连锁， C资本连锁， D,并联方式4，摩托罗纳所竞争的市场属于（）市场A,全球市场 B,多国市场，C，大宗贸易市场 D，服务市场5，从竞争优势的传统理论看国企效益衰败的原因是（）A，要素禀赋说，B，产业政策说，C，管理文化说，D，计划经济说6，大宗贸易商品具有以下的特点（）A,寡头竞争，B，规模竞争，C，价格竞争，D，标准化生产7，集中分布好处是（）A,规模效应，B，地点优势，C经验曲线，D利用汇率被低估的地区8，荷兰鲜花生产的原因是（）A,基本要素在起作用,B基本要素缺乏,C，受需求影响，D长期发展高等要素的结果9，美国的个人主义导致了（）A择众多的供应商，B，资本运作，C，倾向于短期计划，D，工种较细。
国际商务测试题与参考答案
国际商务测试题与参考答案一、单选题（共50题，每题1分，共50分）1、属于自由贸易理论的是A、贸易乘数理论B、贸易差额论C、绝对成本论D、货币差额论正确答案：C2、资本主义国家实行进口数量限制的重要手段是A、进口管制B、外汇管制C、进口押金制D、进口配额制正确答案：D3、环境壁垒也称为A、绿色贸易壁垒B、商品包装壁垒C、技术壁垒D、卫生安全壁垒正确答案：A4、最具有典型意义的公司一体化战略是A、复合一体化战略B、简单一体化战略C、多国国内战略D、纵向一体化战略正确答案：A5、跨国公司实现本地化的一般途径是A、加大投资金额B、购买当地品牌C、对研发进行投资D、雇佣当地人员正确答案：C6、杠杆收购于20世纪60年代出现于A、美国B、日本C、英国D、法国正确答案：A7、国际商务谈判中谈判双方互相了解和收集情报的阶段是A、分析阶段B、策划阶段C、讨论阶段D、实施阶段正确答案：A8、投资动因是降低产品成本、追求竞争优势和更多的利润，这种跨国直接投资导向是A、低成本导向型B、先进技术导向型C、市场导向型D、自然资源导向型正确答案：A9、独家许可、从属许可和混合许可都属于A、独占许可B、中性许可C、普通许可D、交叉许可正确答案：B10、国际商务合作双方实质性接触的开始是A^还盘B、发盘C、签约D、询盘正确答案：D11、跨国公司转移利润的主要表现是A、转移产品B、调节价格C、转移成本D、合理避税正确答案：D12、现代的租赁贸易起源于A、法国B、美国C、日本D、英国正确答案：B13、在历史上第一次从生产领域出发，说明国际贸易发生与发展必然性的理论是A、绝对成本论B、比较成本论C、重商主义D、要素禀赋说正确答案：A14、世界贸易组织成员如有争端，应先行协商，在一方提出要求后必须开始协商的时限为A、60B、120C、90D、30正确答案：D15、商品生产国与商品消费国通过第三国进行的贸易，对第三国而言是A、过境贸易B、转口贸易C、直接贸易Ds多边贸易正确答案：B16、目前对跨国公司及直接投资影响最大的一种理论是A、垄断优势理论B、国际生产折衷理论C、竞争优势理论D、产品周期理论正确答案：B17、在国际商务谈判中，接受和发盘一样A、只属于法律行为B、只属于商业行为C、只属于交易行为D、既属于商业行为，也属于法律行为正确答案：D18、将取之于对外贸易中的货币仅作为财富珍藏下来，而不再投入对外贸易流通的理论称之为A、贸易平衡论B、贸易差额论C、贸易乘数理论D、货币差额论正确答案：D19、对于实行商品倾销的进口商品所征收的进口附加税是A、反倾销税B、差价税C、特惠税D、反补贴税正确答案：A20、普惠制的主要原则不包括A、特殊的B、非互惠的C、普遍的D、非歧视的正确答案：A21、我国海关正式采用《商品名称及编码协调制度》(HS)的时间是A、1996B、1992C、1994D、1993正确答案：B22、仅适用于海运和内河运输的国际贸易术语是A、FOB、FCC、CPTD、CIP正确答案：A23、在第一次世界大战与第二次世界大战之间盛行的贸易保护政策是A、早期重商主义B、新贸易保护主义C、晚期重商主义D、超保护贸易主义正确答案：D24、大卫•李嘉图的代表作是A、《国富论》B、《英国得自对外贸易的财富》C、《政治经济学及赋税原理》D、《就业、利息和货币通论》正确答案：C25、一国政府在一定时期以内，对某些商品的进口数量或金额加以直接的限制称为A、“自动”出口限制B、进口许可证制C、进口配额制D、进口押金制正确答案：C26、征税引起的进口量的变化称为A、消费效应B、生产效应C、贸易效应D、财政产应正确答案：C27、当今世界最大的服务贸易国是A^英国B、法国C、日本D、美国正确答案：D28、在租赁贸易中，连接货物的生产者和使用者的纽带是A、供货人B、出资人C、出租人D＞承租人正确答案：C29、世界各国（地区）之间货物和服务交换的活动称为A、出口贸易B、进出口贸易C、进口贸易D、国际贸易正确答案：D30、凯恩斯的代表作是A、《政治经济学及赋税原理》B、《国富论》C、《就业、利息和货币通论》D、《政治经济学的国民体系》正确答案：C31、属于国际投资硬环境因素的是A^劳工素质B、管理水平C、社会文化D、自然资源正确答案：D32、货物的有关保险手续应当由卖方负责办理的国际贸易术语是B、FOC、CID、CPT正确答案：C33、一般代理又称A、佣金代理B、协议代理C、合同代理D、独家代理正确答案：A34、国际服务活动中最主要的方式是A、过境交付B、境外消费C、自然人流动D、商业存在正确答案：D35、1974年美国在其贸易法第301条款中首次使用的概念是A、世界贸易组织B、世界服务贸易C^跨国公司D、经济全球化正确答案：B36、为证明增加新投资对就业和国民收入的好处，凯恩斯提出了A、投资乘数理论B、偏好相似理论C、比较成本理论D、绝对成本理论正确答案：A37、世界贸易组织建立的时间是A、2001C、1993D、1991正确答案：B38、企业并购属于跨国直接投资的A、股权安排方式B、非股权安排方式C、BOTD、TOT正确答案：A39、产品周期理论的首创者是A、波特B、海默C、邓宁D、维农正确答案：D40、在19世纪初就被广泛采用的贸易术语是A、FOB、CFRC、CID、FCA正确答案：A41、推动经济全球化的主体是Λ^跨国公司B、国际货币基金组织C、世界银行D、世界贸易组织正确答案：A42、跨国生产本地化不包括A、人员本地化B、利润本地化C、管理本地化D、生产本地化正确答案：A43、跨国公司实现规模经济、提高全球生产效率的最基本条件是A、对员工进行东道国语言培训B、使员工适应东道国的文化C、产品及其生产过程的标准化D、给予员工有竞争力的报酬正确答案：C44、国际投资环境的特点不包括A、综合性B、动态性C、系统性D、安全性正确答案：D45、资本主义早期的国际贸易理论是A、重商主义B、凯恩斯主义C、重农主义D、超保护贸易主义正确答案：A46、普通许可又称A、交叉许可B、一般许可C、中性许可D、从属许可正确答案：B47、关税按照其保护的程度和有效性分类可分为A、财政关税和保护关税B、名义关税和有效关税C、进口附加税、差价税和特惠税D、进口税、出口税和过境税正确答案：B48、最先采用投资环境分析法的美国经济学家是A、伊西•利特瓦克B、彼得•拜廷C、罗伯特•斯托鲍夫D、威德尔希姆•保罗正确答案：C49、从世界经济相互联接的紧密性上说，世界经济一体化发展中最深刻的表现形式是A、跨国公司B、世界银行C、关贸总协定D、国际货币基金组织正确答案：A50、收购公司并不向目标公司直接提出购并的要求，而是通过在市场上收购目标公司已发行和流通的具有表决权的普通股票，从而取得目标公司控制权的行为称为A、协议收购B、友好接管C、直接并购D、间接并购正确答案：D二、多选题（共50题，每题1分，共50分）k IS014000系列标准是一套一体化的国际标准，包括A、环境标志B、环境绩效评价C、环境管理体系D、产品生命周期评价E、环境审核正确答案：ABCDE2、属于贸易保护理论的有A、贸易乘数理论B、货币差额论C、贸易差额论D、绝对成本论E、比较成本论正确答案：ABC3、属于直接非关税壁垒的有A、“自动”出口限制B、最低限价制C、进口许可证制D、进口配额制E、进口押金制正确答案：ACD4、补偿贸易的做法有A、直接产品补偿法B、技术补偿法C、劳务补偿法D、加工补偿法E、间接产品补偿法正确答案：ACE5、反倾销法限制的倾销有A、产品倾销B、运费倾销C、服务倾销D、社会倾销E、间接倾销正确答案：ADE6、跨国公司一体化战略的类型有A、复合一体化战略B、简单一体化战略C、多国国内战略D、纵向一体化战略E、横向一体化战略正确答案：ABC7、自由贸易理论的代表人物有A、俄林B、大卫・李嘉图C、赫克歇尔D、托马斯•孟E、亚当•斯密正确答案：ABCE8、适用于各种运输方式的国际贸易术语有A、CIPB、CFRC、CID、FCE、CPT正确答案：ADE9、属于间接非关税壁垒的有A、进口许可证制B、最低限价制C、海关估价制D、“自动”出口限制E、进口押金制正确答案：BCE10、商品采购中的招标投标业务的基本步骤有A、履行和约B、签订合约C、招标D、投标E、开标和评标正确答案：BCDE11、影响跨国公司经营的各种文化要素有A、行为方式与习惯B、宗教C、审美D、教育E、语言正确答案：ABCDE12、国际服务贸易的表现形式主要有A、商业存在B、境外消费C、境内消费D、过境交付E、自然人流动正确答案：ABDE13、国际商务谈判人员应具备的业务素质有A、精通外语B、心理素质C、市场经验D、有驻外经历E、专业知识正确答案：BCE14、撰写可行性研究报告需要较规范的内容，主要包括A、产业政策B、定价策略C^需求分析D、市场进入方案E、市场分析正确答案：ABCDE15、属于国际投资硬环境因素的有A、劳工素质B、能源供应C、基础设施D、政治稳定性E、自然资源正确答案：BCE16、国际生产折衷理论提出的决定一国企业对外直接投资的变量有A、所有权优势B、内部化优势C、区位优势D、技术优势E、资金优势正确答案：ABC17、跨国公司转移利润的主要表现有A、调节价格B、利润调节C、转移成本D、合理避税E、转移资金正确答案：BDE18、在两届部长会议之间，负责处理世界贸易组织日常工作的有A、总理事会B、贸易政策审议机构C、分理事会D、争端解决机构E、专门委员会正确答案：ABD19、目前在国际上受到跨国公司关注的人力资源管理战略主要有A、东道国语言培训B、适应东道国的文化C、帮助员工移民海外D、帮助员工子女在海外学习E、给予员工有竞争力的报酬正确答案：ABE20、美国麻省理工学院著名教授罗宾逊根据企业管理结构的演变及其在国外销售额增长情况，将处于不同发展阶段的企业主要分成A、出口型公司B、国际公司C、多国公司D、跨国公司E、内向型公司正确答案：ABCDE21、波特认为一个国家的内部竞争环境的形成因素有A、需求状况B、要素禀赋C、相关产业和辅助产业D、公司的策略、结构和竞争E、供给状况正确答案：ABCD22、关税的国内效应包括A、财政效应B、消费效应C、生产效应D、贸易效应E、再分配效应正确答案：ABCDE23、从收购者与被收购者的关系上来看，跨国公司对外国企业的收购可以分为A、纵向型收购B、横向型收购C、集中型收购D、混合型收购E、全部收购正确答案：ABCD24、不属于反倾销法调整范围的倾销有A、外汇倾销B、产品倾销C、运费倾销D、社会倾销E、服务倾销正确答案：ACE25、国际技术许可根据许可人和被许可人权利义务关系，可分为A、交叉许可B、中性许可C、特定许可D、独占许可E、普通许可正确答案：ABDE26、普惠制的主要原则有A、非互惠的B、非歧视的C、普遍的D、互惠的E、歧视的正确答案：ABC27、货物的风险在其越过船舷后由卖方转移至买方的国际贸易术语有A、FOB、CFRC、CID、FCE、CPT正确答案：ABC28、属于国际投资软环境因素的有A、自然资源B、社会文化C、劳工素质D、管理水平E、政治稳定性正确答案：BCDE29、企业并购的基本方法有A、许可证合同B、股票收购C、资产收购D、杠杆收购E、现金收购正确答案：BDE30、国际投资的环境因素有A、政治环境B、经济环境C、法律环境D、自然环境E、文化环境正确答案：ABCDE31、国际技术贸易一般是技术商品使用权的转让，主要包括A、肖像使用权B、商标使用权C、专有技术使用权D、著作使用权E、专利使用权正确答案：BCE32、中国环境保护的制度有A、限期治理B、环境影响评价C、污染集中控制D、排污许可证E、排污收费正确答案：ABCDE33、技术是一种无形资产，按变化程度可分为A、原有技术B、新技术C、落后技术D、改进技术E、先进技术正确答案：ABD34、跨国公司采取并购的方式进行投资的动机有A、地区多元化B、获取特定的技术C、产品多样化D、资金多元化E、进行生产正确答案：ABCDE35、国际货物买卖和服务贸易中的代理按委托人的授权分为A、合同代理B、协议代理C、一般代理D、总代理E、独家代理正确答案：CDE36、国际独资企业的形式主要有A、国外避税地公司Bs国外子公司C、国外合资公司D、国外公司集团E、国外分公司正确答案：ABE37、关税税收筹划的方法通常有A、利用保税制度B、利用税法漏洞C、利用纳税时间D、利用优惠政策E、利用完税价格正确答案：ACDE38、关税按照征税的一般方法或征税标准分类可分为A、从量税B、附加税C、选择税D、从价税E、混合税正确答案：ACDE39、技术是一种无形资产，按先进程度可分为A、原有技术B、中间技术C、新技术D、先进技术E、落后技术正确答案：BDE40、世贸组织总理事会下设的分理事会有A、与贸易有关的知识产权理事会B、技术贸易理事会C、服务贸易理事会D、国际投资理事会E、货物贸易理事会正确答案：ACE41、中国环境保护的政策有A、污染集中控制B、排污收费C、预防为主D、谁污染谁治理E、强化管理正确答案：CDE42、古典自由贸易理论有A、货币差额论B、要素禀赋说C、比较成本论D、贸易差额论E、绝对成本论正确答案：CE43、许可证贸易的标的有A^工业设计B、专有技术C、商标D、商业咨询E、专利正确答案：ABCE44、撰写可行性研究报告的目的有A、给投资者决策提供依据B、为银行贷款提供依据C、为同合作者签约提供依据D、为跨国经营和防范风险提供依据E、为工程设计提供依据正确答案：ABCDE45、属于中性许可的有A、相互许可B、独家许可C、从属许可Ds混合许可E、交叉许可正确答案：BCD46、属于自然人流动的有A、出国留学B、境外投资建厂C、境外讲学D、境外务工E、国外就医正确答案：CD47、仅适用于海运和内河运输的国际贸易术语有A、FOB、CFRC、CID、FCE、CPT正确答案：ABC48、经济特区的类型有A、自由边境区B、出口加工区C、保税区D、科学工业园区E、自由港正确答案：ABCDE49、贸易保护理论的代表人物有A、博丹B、孟克列钦C、柯尔培尔D、斯塔福德E、托马斯•孟正确答案：ABCDE50、跨文化培训一般包括A、现场体验B、语言训练C、文化介绍D、敏感性训练E、环境介绍正确答案：ABCDE。
国际商务管理期末考试复习题
国际商务管理期末考试复习题1、跨国公司的经营特征：全球战略目标、全球一体化经营、灵活多样的经营策略、强大的技术创新能力、具有较大的经营风险2、国际生产折衷理论基本观点：核心是，企业跨国经营是该企业具有的所有权特定优势、内部化优势和区位优势综合作用的结果。
3、国际商务的宏观环境：4、制度与市场环境、政治与法律环境、经济和技术环境、社会文化环境5、区域经济一体化依据其经济结合程度和相互依存关系，可分为：自由贸易区、关税同盟、共同市场、经济联盟和完全经济一体化。
6、国际商务经营形式：（1）出口：①间接出口②直接出口（2）非股权安排：①技术授权②其他非股权安排形式（3）股权投资形式，它主要是指对外直接投资7、跨国并购的方式：股票替换、债券互换、现金收购、以及这三种方式的综合使用。
8、跨国公司组织结构的变化趋势（1）扁平化，由传统的金字塔形象扁平化发展是当前企业组织结构变革的主要形式。
（2）跨国公司地区总部，是指跨国公司为更好实现其全球经营战略目标，在区域内某东道国设立一个区域型管理机构。
（3）网络化，随着经济全球化的发展和互联网技术在国际经营活动中的广泛应用，西方一些大型跨国公司的组织结构开始向网络化发展。
（4）学习型组织，是指能熟练地创造、获取和传递知识，同时也善于修正自身的行为，以适应新的知识和见解的组织。
9、国际分销渠道策略（1）直接渠道与间接渠道策略（2）渠道长度策略（3）渠道宽度策略10、国际技术转移的方式（1）国际商品贸易（2）国际技术许可（3）国际许可经营（4）国际技术咨询与服务（5）技术所有权转移（6）与国际工程承包、国际合作生产和国外直接投资相结合的技术转移11、国际人力资源管理的国际策略：名族中心策略、多中心策略、全球中心策略、混合策略12、中国企业国际化经营战略分析（1）经营主体：第一，专业外贸公司和大型贸易集团。
第二，大型生产型企业或企业集团。
第三，大型服务企业与银行或其他非银行金融企业。
国际商务管理期末考试答案.doc
姓名：田义兵班级：默认班级成绩：95.0分一、单选题（题数：50，共50.0分）1根据以往的判例和先例来判决，是下列（）法系的特点？ 1.0分A、人陆法系B、宗教法C、欧美法D、普通法我的答案：D2跨国公司为了加强某地的投资，而往往必须放弃另外其他地区投资的撤资策略足（）。
1.0分A、主动撤资B、进攻性撤资C、有计划地撤资D、被动撤资我的答案：B3计划经济条件下，中国贸易形式屈于（）。
1.0分A、自由贸易B、垄断贸笏C、统制贸易D、区域贸易我的答案：C4制定企业的战略0鉍既要具奋可行性，乂要考虑到它的先进性，这足指战略0称制定的（）。
1.0分A、关键性B、一致性C、激励性D、稳定性我的答案：C5下列不属于政治风险的是（）。
0.0分A、本国化B、国有化C、当地化D、有偿征用我的答案：D6当前我国外汇储备中敁主要的是（）。
1.0分A、欧元B、円元C、黄金D、美元我的答案：D7根据要素禀赋论，下列不适宜发展资木密集型产业的国家是（）。
I.0分A、尖国B、U木C、澳大利亚D、朝鲜我的答案：D8差异化战略的核心是取得某种对顾客冇价值的（）。
1.0分A、可靠性B、信誉性C、实用性D、独特性我的答案：D9按照一般跨国公司组织形式发展的第三阶段是（）。
1.0分A、销售部B、出口部c、国际部D、全球结构我的答案：C10下列耍素中，不屈干国家竞争优势钻石模型屮基本要素的是（）。
1.0分A、&然地理环境B、人口C、通讯基础D、气候我的答案：C11出口补贴作为一•种鼓励出口的措施就是在出口某种商品时给予出口商（）优惠待遇。
1.0分A、仅在退还进口税上B、仅在财政上C、仅在现金补贴上D、在现金补贴或财政上我的答案：D12全球化发展的物质®础是（）。
1.0分A、跨国公司的经营成果B、新技术革命提供的成果C、全球性的非管制化和市场化政策D、国际金融市场的深化与创新我的答案：B13重商主义理论盛行于（）。
1.0分A、19世纪和20世纪B、20世纪和21世纪C、15世纪和16世纪D、17世纪和18世纪我的答案：D14在且接标价法不，如果一•定单位的外国货币折成的本国货币数额增加，则说明（）。
国际商务入门期末考试题及答案
国际商务入门期末考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 国际商务是指：A. 国内贸易B. 国际贸易C. 跨国公司业务D. 以上都不是答案：B2. 以下哪项不是国际商务的驱动因素？A. 市场寻求B. 资源寻求C. 效率寻求D. 风险规避答案：D3. 国际商务的三大理论支柱是：A. 贸易理论、投资理论、管理理论B. 经济学、管理学、法学C. 政治经济学、国际贸易学、国际关系学D. 国际市场营销、国际金融、国际物流答案：A4. 出口是指：A. 将商品从一国运往另一国B. 将服务从一国提供给另一国C. 将资本从一国转移到另一国D. 将信息从一国传递到另一国答案：A5. 以下哪个不是国际商务中的贸易壁垒？A. 关税壁垒B. 配额壁垒C. 技术壁垒D. 价格壁垒答案：D6. 国际商务中的“文化”指的是：A. 艺术和文学B. 语言和习俗C. 政治和经济D. 宗教和哲学答案：B7. 跨国公司的总部通常设在：A. 资源丰富的国家B. 市场潜力大的国家C. 劳动力成本低廉的国家D. 政治稳定的国家答案：B8. 国际商务中的“全球化”是指：A. 世界经济一体化B. 世界政治一体化C. 世界文化一体化D. 世界社会一体化答案：A9. 国际商务中的风险包括：A. 政治风险B. 经济风险C. 法律风险D. 所有以上答案：D10. 国际商务谈判中，以下哪项不是常见的谈判策略？A. 让步策略B. 拖延策略C. 合作策略D. 强制策略答案：D二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）11. 简述国际商务的三个主要特点。
答案：国际商务的三个主要特点是跨国性、多样性和复杂性。
跨国性指的是商务活动跨越国界，涉及不同国家和文化；多样性指的是国际商务涉及多种不同的市场、产品和业务模式；复杂性则是指国际商务活动受到多种因素的影响，如政治、经济、法律和文化等。
12. 解释什么是“比较优势”理论，并给出一个例子。
答案：比较优势理论是由大卫·李嘉图提出的，它认为即使一个国家在所有生产领域都不比其他国家更有效率，它仍然可以专注于生产自己相对效率最高的商品，并通过贸易来获取其他商品，从而实现资源的最优配置。
国际商务管理考试试题
国际商务管理考试试题一、选择题（每题 2 分，共 30 分）1、国际商务的核心是（）A 国际贸易B 跨国投资C 国际经济合作D 以上都是2、以下哪个因素不属于经济全球化的驱动力（）A 技术进步B 贸易自由化C 政府政策D 文化差异3、跨国公司在全球范围内配置资源的主要方式是（）A 建立海外子公司B 国际采购C 技术转移D 以上都是4、国际贸易中最常见的贸易术语是（）A FOB B CIFC CFRD 以上都是5、以下哪种汇率制度下，汇率波动幅度较大（）A 固定汇率制度B 浮动汇率制度C 管理浮动汇率制度D 以上都不是6、国际市场营销中的产品策略包括（）A 产品标准化B 产品差异化C 产品本地化D 以上都是7、国际商务中的政治风险主要包括（）A 国有化B 战争C 政策变动D 以上都是8、以下哪个国际组织主要致力于促进国际贸易自由化（）A 世界银行B 国际货币基金组织C 世界贸易组织D 联合国9、跨文化管理中的文化维度包括（）A 权力距离B 个人主义与集体主义C 不确定性规避D 以上都是10、国际商务中的法律环境主要包括（）A 国内法律B 国际公约C 国际惯例D 以上都是11、以下哪种进入国际市场的方式风险最小（）A 出口B 许可经营C 合资企业D 独资企业12、国际物流中的主要运输方式包括（）A 海运B 空运C 陆运D 以上都是13、国际商务谈判中的文化差异可能导致（）A 沟通障碍B 误解C 谈判破裂D 以上都是14、以下哪个不是国际人力资源管理的特点（）A 文化多样性B 法律复杂性C 语言统一性D 政策差异性15、国际商务中的伦理问题主要包括（）A 环境污染B 劳动剥削C 不正当竞争D 以上都是二、简答题（每题 10 分，共 30 分）1、请简要阐述国际商务中的关税壁垒和非关税壁垒，并举例说明。
关税壁垒是指一国政府通过提高进口商品的关税来限制进口的措施。
例如，提高某种商品的进口关税，使得进口商品的成本增加，价格上涨，从而降低其在国内市场的竞争力，保护本国相关产业。
国际商务期末试题及答案
I B Midterm Examination Answering card (A)CLASS:1001NAME:NUMBER:(1-10，1 score per question ;11-50,2score per question ;50-60, 1 scoreI. True / False Questions (1 score per question)1.The notion that national economies are relatively self-contained entities is on the rise.2.Mercantilism advocated that countries should encourage exports and imports.3. A firm becomes a multinational enterprise when it undertakes foreign direct investment.4.The two most common methods of restricting inward FDI are ownership restraints and performance requirements.5. The most global markets currently are markets for industrial goods and materials that serve a universal need the world over.6. Outsourcing is a process that is limited to manufacturing enterprises.7. According to Porter, four broad attributes of a nation shape the environment in which local firms compete including supply conditions, factor endowments, regulation, and advanced factors.8. One of the UN central mandates is the promotion of higher standards of living, full employment, and conditions of economic and social progress and development9. The total amount of capital invested in factories, stores, office buildings and the like is referred to as the stock of FDI.10. Licensing involves the establishment of a new operation in a foreign country.II. Multiple Choice Questions(11-50,2score per question ; 51-60, 1 score per question)11.Which of the following is not characteristic of globalization?A. National economies are turning into independent economic systems.B. Material culture is starting to look similar the world over.C. Perceived distance is shrinking due to advances in transportation and telecommunications.D. Barriers to cross-border trade and investment are declining.12.Which of the following is not an impediment(限制) that makes it difficult for firms to achieve the optimal dispersion（最优分散）of their productive activities to locations around the globe?A. Reduced transportation costs.B. Government regulations.C. Issues associated with economic and political risk.D.Barriers to foreign direct investment.13.Technological innovations have facilitated all of the following except:A. globalization of production.B. globalization of markets.C. creation of electronic global marketplaces.D. creation of absolutely homogeneous（均匀的） consumer markets.14.What is the total cumulative value of foreign investments best referred to as?A. Accumulation of foreign sharesB. Portfolio investmentsC. Stock of foreign direct investmentsD.Stock market investments15.If the critics of globalization are correct, all of the following things must be shown except:A. the share of national income received by labor, as opposed to the share received by the owners of capital should have declined in advanced nations.B. even though labor's share of the economic pie may have declined, living standards need not deteriorate if the size of the total pie has increased sufficiently to offset（抵消） the decline in labor's share.C. the decline in labor's share of national income must be due to moving production to low-wage countries, as opposed to improving production technology and productivity.D.economic growth in developed nations has offset the fall in unskilled workers' share of national income, raising their living standards.16.This theory, advanced by the 19th-century English economist David Ricardo, forms the intellectual basis of the modern argument for unrestricted free trade.A. Heckscher-OhlinB. MercantilismC. Comparative advantageD. Absolute advantage17.This theory explains the observed patterns of international trade by emphasizing the interplay between the proportions in which the factors of production are available in different countries and the proportions in which they are needed for producing particular goods.A. MercantilismB. Heckscher-OhlinC. Absolute advantageparative advantage18.Identify the incorrect statement pertaining to Raymond Vernon's product life-cycle theory.A. Early in their life cycle, most new products are produced in and exported from the country in which they were developed.B. As a new product becomes widely accepted internationally, production startsin other countries.C. A product in the early stage of the product life-cycle is imported by the country where it was innovated.D. A product may ultimately be exported back to the country of its original innovation.19.The theory of _____, developed by Michael Porter, focuses on the importance of country factors, in addition to factor endowments, such as domestic demand and domestic rivalry in explaining a nation's dominance in the production and export of particular products.A. new tradeB. absolute advantageC. comparative advantageD. national competitive advantage20.Identify the theory that can be interpreted as justifying some limited government intervention to support the development of certain export-oriented industries.A. Theory of national competitive advantageB. Heckscher-Ohlin theoryC. Theory of comparative advantageD.Theory of absolute advantage21.Mercantilism viewed trade as a(n):A. economic evil.B. zero-sum game.C. nonessential economic activity.D. threat to a government's independence.22.What is the basic message of the theory of comparative advantage?A. Countries are similar in their ability to produce goods efficientlyB. International trade is rarely beneficial to a countryC. Potential world production is greater with unrestricted free trade than it is with restricted tradeD. Trade is a zero-sum game23.According to the product life-cycle theory, the locus of global production initially switches from the U.S. to other advanced nations and then from those nations to developing countries. The consequence of this trend for the pattern of world trade is that over time the U.S.:A. becomes the sole producer of the product.B. switches from being an exporter of the product to being an importer of the product.C. switches from being an importer of the product to being an exporter of theproduct.D. becomes the sole consumer of the product.24._____ suggests that when nations trade, each nation may be able to specialize in producing a narrower range of products than it would in the absence of trade, and through trade, each nation can simultaneously increase the variety of goods available to its consumers and lower the costs of those goods.A. The product life-cycle theoryB. Porter's diamond of competitive advantageC. New trade theoryD. The theory of comparative advantage25.According to the new trade theorists, because early entrants are able to gain _____, the early entrants into an industry may get a lock on the world market that discourages subsequent entry.A. zero-sum advantagesB. highly skilled employeesC. process expertiseD. economies of scale26. A greenfield investment:A. is a form of FDI that involves the establishment of a new operation in a foreign country.B. involves a 7 percent stock in an acquired foreign business entity.C. involves a merger with a foreign business.D. occurs when a firm acquires another company in a foreign country.27.Historically, most FDI has been directed at the _____ nations of the world as firms based in advanced countries invested in:A. underdeveloped; underdeveloped countries.B. developed; underdeveloped countries.C. developed; each other's markets.D. underdeveloped; each other's markets.28.Identify the incorrect statement regarding the direction of FDI.A. Historically, most FDI has been directed at the developing nations of the world.B. During the 1980s and 1990s, the United States was often the favorite target for FDI inflows.C. The developed nations of the EU have received significant FDI inflows.D. Recent inflows into developing nations have been targeted at the emerging economies of South, East, and Southeast Asia.29.According to Knickerbocker:A. the firms that pioneer a product in their home markets undertake FDI to produce a product for consumption in a foreign market.B. when a firm that is part of an oligopolistic industry expands into a foreign market, other firms in the industry will be compelled to make similar investments.C. combining location-specific assets or resource endowments and the firm's own unique assets often requires FDI.D. impediments to the sale of know-how increase the profitability of FDI relative to licensing.30.When two or more enterprises encounter each other in different regional markets, national markets, or industries, there is:A. vertical integration.B. horizontal integration.C. multipoint competition.D. monopolistic competition.31.The product life cycle suggests that:A. often the same firms that pioneer a product in their home markets undertake FDI to produce a product for consumption in foreign markets.B. when a firm that is part of an oligopolistic industry expands into a foreign market, other firms in the industry will be compelled to make similar investments.C. combining location-specific assets or resource endowments and the firm's own unique assets often requires FDI.D. impediments to the sale of know-how increase the profitability of FDI relative to licensing.32.The _____ suggests that a firm will establish production facilities where foreign assets or resource endowments that are important to the firm are located.A. product life cycleB. strategic behavior theoryC. multipoint competition theoryD. eclectic paradigm33.Advantages that arise from using resource endowments or assets that are tied to a particular location and that a firm finds valuable to combine with its own unique assets are known as:A. location-specific advantages.B. resource-specific advantages.C. competitive advantages.D. directional advantages.34.John Dunning, a champion of the eclectic paradigm, argues that:A. the firms that pioneer a product in their home markets undertake FDI to produce a product for consumption in a foreign market.B. when a firm that is part of an oligopolistic industry expands into a foreign market, other firms in the industry will be compelled to make similar investments.C. combining location-specific assets or resource endowments and the firm's own unique assets often requires FDI.D. impediments to the sale of know-how increase the profitability of FDIrelative to licensing.35.According to the _____ view of FDI, MNEs extract profits from the host country and take them to their home country, giving nothing of value to the host country in exchange.A. imperialistB. conservativeC. free marketD. radical36.Which of the following is not an impediment that makes it difficult for firms to achieve the optimal dispersion of their productive activities to locations around the globe?A. Reduced transportation costs.B. Government regulations.C. Issues associated with economic and political risk.D.Barriers to foreign direct investment.37.Michael Porter has argued that _____ and _____ are two basic strategies for creating value and attaining a competitive advantage in an industry.A. differentiation; price competitionB. economies of scale; diversification.C. low cost; differentiationD. efficiency; promotion38. The _____ was created in 1944 by 44 nations that met in Breton Woods, New Hampshire to promote economic development.A. World BankB. International Trade CenterC. World Trade OrganizationD. United Nations39. Identify the incorrect statement pertaining to the World Wide Web.A. It makes it much easier for buyers and sellers to find each other.B. Viewed globally, it is emerging as an equalizer.C. It rolls back all of the constraints of location, scale, and time zones.D.It allows businesses to expand their global presence at a lower cost than ever before.40. Technological innovations have facilitated all of the following except:A. globalization of production.B. globalization of markets.C. creation of electronic global marketplaces.D. creation of absolutely homogeneous consumer markets.41. What is the total cumulative value of foreign investments best referred to as?A. Accumulation of foreign sharesB. Portfolio investmentsC. Stock of foreign direct investmentsD. Stock market investments42. Identify the incorrect statement regarding the former Communist nations of Europe and Asia.A. The economies of most of the former Communist states are very strong and developed.B. Many of the former Communist nations of Europe and Asia share a commitment to free market economies.C. As a result of disturbing signs of growing unrest and totalitarian tendencies, the risks involved in doing business in these countries is very high.D. For about half a century these countries were essentially closed to Western international business.43.When a company "exports jobs" overseas, the company is:A. helping domestic workers by pushing up wage rates.B. increasing the demand of qualified domestic workers.C. taking advantage of lower wages in foreign markets.D. deceiving the supporters of globalization.44. Propagated in the 16th and 17th centuries, _____ advocated that countries should simultaneously encourage exports and discourage imports.A. ethnocentrismB. capitalismC. collectivismD. mercantilism45. Identify the incorrect statement pertaining to Raymond Vernon's product life-cycle theory.A. Early in their life cycle, most new products are produced in and exported from the country in which they were developed.B. As a new product becomes widely accepted internationally, production starts in other countries.C. A product in the early stage of the product life-cycle is imported by the country where it was innovated.D. A product may ultimately be exported back to the country of its original innovation.46. Identify the theory that can be interpreted as justifying some limited government intervention to support the development of certain export-oriented industries.A. Theory of national competitive advantageB. Heckscher-Ohlin theoryC. Theory of comparative advantageD. Theory of absolute advantage47. China, deliberately keeping its currency value low against the U.S. dollar in order to sell more goods to the United States, and thus amass a trade surplus and foreign exchange reserves, is viewed by critics as following a:A. zero-sum game.B. neo-mercantilist policy.C. positive-sum game.D. free trade policy.48. A basic tenet of Ricardo's theory is that:A. consumers in those countries with an absolute advantage in the production of all goods might derive no benefits from international trade.B. consumers in all nations can consume more if there are no restrictions on trade.C. restrictions on trade help consumers in countries that lack an absolute advantage in the production of a particular good.D. trade is a zero-sum game.49. According to the _____ model, when a rich country enters into a free trade agreement with a poor country that rapidly experiences dynamic gains, the rich country is likely to not have net gains.A. absolute advantageB. mercantilistC. Heckscher-OhlinD. Samuelson50. According to the new trade theorists, because early entrants are able to gain _____, the early entrants into an industry may get a lock on the world market that discourages subsequent entry.A. zero-sum advantagesB. highly skilled employeesC. process expertiseD. economies of scale51. A greenfield investment:A. is a form of FDI that involves the establishment of a new operation in a foreign country.B. involves a 7 percent stock in an acquired foreign business entity.C. involves a merger with a foreign business.D. occurs when a firm acquires another company in a foreign country.52. If General Electric, a U.S. based corporation, purchased a 50 percent interest in a company in Italy, that purchase would be an example of a(n):A. minority acquisition.B. outright stake.C. majority acquisition.D. greenfield investment.53. FDI has been rising for all of the following reasons except:A. the globalization of the world economy.B. the general increase in trade barriers over the past 30 years.C. firms are trying to circumvent trade barriers.D. there is a shift toward democratic political institutions and free market economies.54. Historically, most FDI has been directed at the _____ nations of the world as firms based in advanced countries invested in:A. underdeveloped; underdeveloped countries.B. developed; underdeveloped countries.C. developed; each other's markets.D. underdeveloped; each other's markets.55. Identify the incorrect statement regarding the direction of FDI.A. Historically, most FDI has been directed at the developing nations of the world.B. During the 1980s and 1990s, the United States was often the favorite target for FDI inflows.C. The developed nations of the EU have received significant FDI inflows.D.Recent inflows into developing nations have been targeted at the emerging economies of South, East, and Southeast Asia.56. The total amount of capital invested in factories, stores, office buildings, and the like is summarized by:A. gross fixed capital formation.B. total investment capital.C. total tangible investment.D.gross depreciable investments.57. Most cross-border investment is:A. in the form of greenfield investments.B. made via mergers and acquisitions.C. between American and Japanese companies.D.involved in building new facilities.58. The rise in FDI in the services sector is a result of all of the following except:A. the general move in many developed countries away from manufacturing and toward services.B. accelerating regulations of services.C. many services cannot be traded internationally.D.many countries have liberalized their regimes governing FDI in services.59. When two or more enterprises encounter each other in different regional markets, national markets, or industries, there is:A. vertical integration.B. horizontal integration.C. multipoint competition.D.monopolistic competition.60.The _____ suggests that a firm will establish production facilities where foreign assets or resource endowments that are important to the firm are located.A. product life cycleB. strategic behavior theoryC. multipoint competition theoryD. eclectic paradigm。
国际商务期末试题及答案
I B Midterm Examination Answering card (A)CLASS:1001NAME:NUMBER:I. True / False Questions (1 score per question)1. The notion that national economies are relatively self-contained entities is on the rise.2.Mercantilism advocated that countries should encourage exports and imports.3. A firm becomes a multinational enterprise when it undertakes foreign direct investment.4.The two most common methods of restricting inward FDI are ownership restraints and performance requirements.5. The most global markets currently are markets for industrial goods and materials that serve a universal need the world over.6. Outsourcing is a process that is limited to manufacturing enterprises.7. According to Porter, four broad attributes of a nation shape the environment in which local firms compete including supply conditions, factor endowments, regulation, and advanced factors.8. One of the UN central mandates is the promotion of higher standards of living, full employment, and conditions of economic and social progress and development9. The total amount of capital invested in factories, stores, office buildings and the like is referred to as the stock of FDI.10. Licensing involves the establishment of a new operation in a foreign country.II. Multiple Choice Questions(11-50,2score per question ; 51-60, 1 score per question)11.Which of the following is not characteristic of globalization?A. National economies are turning into independent economic systems.B. Material culture is starting to look similar the world over.C. Perceived distance is shrinking due to advances in transportation and telecommunications.D. Barriers to cross-border trade and investment are declining.12.Which of the following is not an impediment(限制) that makes it difficult for firms to achieve the optimal dispersion（最优分散）of their productive activities to locations around the globe?A. Reduced transportation costs.B. Government regulations.C. Issues associated with economic and political risk.D. Barriers to foreign direct investment.13. Technological innovations have facilitated all of the following except:A. globalization of production.B. globalization of markets.C. creation of electronic global marketplaces.D. creation of absolutely homogeneous（均匀的）consumer markets.14.What is the total cumulative value of foreign investments best referred to as?A. Accumulation of foreign sharesB. Portfolio investmentsC. Stock of foreign direct investmentsD. Stock market investments15.If the critics of globalization are correct, all of the following things must be shown except:A. the share of national income received by labor, as opposed to the share received by the owners of capital should have declined in advanced nations.B. even though labor's share of the economic pie may have declined, living standards need not deteriorate if the size of the total pie has increased sufficiently to offset（抵消）the decline in labor's share.C. the decline in labor's share of national income must be due to moving production to low-wage countries, as opposed to improving production technology and productivity.D. economic growth in developed nations has offset the fall in unskilled workers' share of national income, raising their living standards.16. This theory, advanced by the 19th-century English economist David Ricardo, forms the intellectual basis of the modern argument for unrestricted free trade.A. Heckscher-OhlinB. MercantilismC. Comparative advantageD. Absolute advantage17. This theory explains the observed patterns of international trade by emphasizing the interplay between the proportions in which the factors of production are available in different countries and the proportions in which they are needed for producing particular goods.A. MercantilismB. Heckscher-OhlinC. Absolute advantageD. Comparative advantage18. Identify the incorrect statement pertaining to Raymond Vernon's product life-cycle theory.A. Early in their life cycle, most new products are produced in and exported from the country in which they were developed.B. As a new product becomes widely accepted internationally, production starts in other countries.C. A product in the early stage of the product life-cycle is imported by the country where it was innovated.D. A product may ultimately be exported back to the country of its original innovation.19.The theory of _____, developed by Michael Porter, focuses on the importance of country factors, in addition to factor endowments, such as domestic demand and domestic rivalry in explaining a nation's dominance in the production and export of particular products.A. new tradeB. absolute advantageC. comparative advantageD. national competitive advantage20.Identify the theory that can be interpreted as justifying some limited government intervention to support the development of certain export-oriented industries.A. Theory of national competitive advantageB. Heckscher-Ohlin theoryC. Theory of comparative advantageD. Theory of absolute advantage21. Mercantilism viewed trade as a(n):A. economic evil.B. zero-sum game.C. nonessential economic activity.D. threat to a government's independence.22.What is the basic message of the theory of comparative advantage?A. Countries are similar in their ability to produce goods efficientlyB. International trade is rarely beneficial to a countryC. Potential world production is greater with unrestricted free trade than it is with restricted tradeD. Trade is a zero-sum game23.According to the product life-cycle theory, the locus of global production initially switches from the U.S. to other advanced nations and then from those nations to developing countries. The consequence of this trend for the pattern of world trade is that over time the U.S.:A. becomes the sole producer of the product.B. switches from being an exporter of the product to being an importer of the product.C. switches from being an importer of the product to being an exporter of the product.D. becomes the sole consumer of the product.24._____ suggests that when nations trade, each nation may be able to specialize in producing a narrower range of products than it would in the absence of trade, and through trade, each nation can simultaneously increase the variety of goods available to its consumers and lower the costs of those goods.A. The product life-cycle theoryB. Porter's diamond of competitive advantageC. New trade theoryD. The theory of comparative advantage25. According to the new trade theorists, because early entrants are able to gain _____, the early entrants into an industry may get a lock on the world market that discourages subsequent entry.A. zero-sum advantagesB. highly skilled employeesC. process expertiseD. economies of scale26. A greenfield investment:A. is a form of FDI that involves the establishment of a new operation in a foreign country.B. involves a 7 percent stock in an acquired foreign business entity.C. involves a merger with a foreign business.D. occurs when a firm acquires another company in a foreign country.27. Historically, most FDI has been directed at the _____ nations of the world as firms based in advanced countries invested in:A. underdeveloped; underdeveloped countries.B. developed; underdeveloped countries.C. developed; each other's markets.D. underdeveloped; each other's markets.28.Identify the incorrect statement regarding the direction of FDI.A. Historically, most FDI has been directed at the developing nations of the world.B. During the 1980s and 1990s, the United States was often the favorite target for FDI inflows.C. The developed nations of the EU have received significant FDI inflows.D. Recent inflows into developing nations have been targeted at the emerging economies of South, East, and Southeast Asia.29. According to Knickerbocker:A. the firms that pioneer a product in their home markets undertake FDI to produce a product for consumption in a foreign market.B. when a firm that is part of an oligopolistic industry expands into a foreign market, other firms in the industry will be compelled to make similar investments.C. combining location-specific assets or resource endowments and the firm's own unique assets often requires FDI.D. impediments to the sale of know-how increase the profitability of FDI relative to licensing.30.When two or more enterprises encounter each other in different regional markets, national markets, or industries, there is:A. vertical integration.B. horizontal integration.C. multipoint competition.D. monopolistic competition.31.The product life cycle suggests that:A. often the same firms that pioneer a product in their home markets undertake FDI to produce a product for consumption in foreign markets.B. when a firm that is part of an oligopolistic industry expands into a foreign market, other firms in the industry will be compelled to make similar investments.C. combining location-specific assets or resource endowments and the firm's own unique assets often requires FDI.D. impediments to the sale of know-how increase the profitability of FDI relative to licensing.32.The _____ suggests that a firm will establish production facilities where foreign assets or resource endowments that are important to the firm are located.A. product life cycleB. strategic behavior theoryC. multipoint competition theoryD. eclectic paradigm33. Advantages that arise from using resource endowments or assets that are tied to a particular location and that a firm finds valuable to combine with its own unique assets are known as:A. location-specific advantages.B. resource-specific advantages.C. competitive advantages.D. directional advantages.34.John Dunning, a champion of the eclectic paradigm, argues that:A. the firms that pioneer a product in their home markets undertake FDI to produce a product for consumption in a foreign market.B. when a firm that is part of an oligopolistic industry expands into a foreign market, other firms in the industry will be compelled to make similar investments.C. combining location-specific assets or resource endowments and the firm's own unique assets often requires FDI.D. impediments to the sale of know-how increase the profitability of FDI relative to licensing.35.According to the _____ view of FDI, MNEs extract profits from the host country and take them to their home country, giving nothing of value to the host country in exchange.A. imperialistB. conservativeC. free marketD. radical36. Which of the following is not an impediment that makes it difficult for firms to achieve the optimal dispersion of their productive activities to locations around the globe?A. Reduced transportation costs.B. Government regulations.C. Issues associated with economic and political risk.D. Barriers to foreign direct investment.37.Michael Porter has argued that _____ and _____ are two basic strategies for creating value and attaining a competitive advantage in an industry.A. differentiation; price competitionB. economies of scale; diversification.C. low cost; differentiationD. efficiency; promotion38. The _____ was created in 1944 by 44 nations that met in Breton Woods, New Hampshire to promote economic development.A. World BankB. International Trade CenterC. World Trade OrganizationD. United Nations39. Identify the incorrect statement pertaining to the World Wide Web.A. It makes it much easier for buyers and sellers to find each other.B. Viewed globally, it is emerging as an equalizer.C. It rolls back all of the constraints of location, scale, and time zones.D. It allows businesses to expand their global presence at a lower cost than ever before.40. Technological innovations have facilitated all of the following except:A. globalization of production.B. globalization of markets.C. creation of electronic global marketplaces.D. creation of absolutely homogeneous consumer markets.41. What is the total cumulative value of foreign investments best referred to as?A. Accumulation of foreign sharesB. Portfolio investmentsC. Stock of foreign direct investmentsD. Stock market investments42. Identify the incorrect statement regarding the former Communist nations of Europe and Asia.A. The economies of most of the former Communist states are very strong and developed.B. Many of the former Communist nations of Europe and Asia share a commitment to free market economies.C. As a result of disturbing signs of growing unrest and totalitarian tendencies, the risks involved in doing business in these countries is very high.D. For about half a century these countries were essentially closed to Western international business.43.When a company "exports jobs" overseas, the company is:A. helping domestic workers by pushing up wage rates.B. increasing the demand of qualified domestic workers.C. taking advantage of lower wages in foreign markets.D. deceiving the supporters of globalization.44. Propagated in the 16th and 17th centuries, _____ advocated that countries should simultaneously encourage exports and discourage imports.A. ethnocentrismB. capitalismC. collectivismD. mercantilism45. Identify the incorrect statement pertaining to Raymond Vernon's product life-cycle theory.A. Early in their life cycle, most new products are produced in and exported from the country in which they were developed.B. As a new product becomes widely accepted internationally, production starts in other countries.C. A product in the early stage of the product life-cycle is imported by the country where it was innovated.D. A product may ultimately be exported back to the country of its original innovation.46. Identify the theory that can be interpreted as justifying some limited government intervention to support the development of certain export-oriented industries.A. Theory of national competitive advantageB. Heckscher-Ohlin theoryC. Theory of comparative advantageD. Theory of absolute advantage47. China, deliberately keeping its currency value low against the U.S. dollar in order to sell more goods to the United States, and thus amass a trade surplus and foreign exchange reserves, is viewed by critics as following a:A. zero-sum game.B. neo-mercantilist policy.C. positive-sum game.D. free trade policy.48. A basic tenet of Ricardo's theory is that:A. consumers in those countries with an absolute advantage in the production of all goods might derive no benefits from international trade.B. consumers in all nations can consume more if there are no restrictions on trade.C. restrictions on trade help consumers in countries that lack an absolute advantage in the production of a particular good.D. trade is a zero-sum game.49. According to the _____ model, when a rich country enters into a free trade agreement with a poor country that rapidly experiences dynamic gains, the rich country is likely to not have net gains.A. absolute advantageB. mercantilistC. Heckscher-OhlinD. Samuelson50. According to the new trade theorists, because early entrants are able to gain _____, the early entrants into an industry may get a lock on the world market that discourages subsequent entry.A. zero-sum advantagesB. highly skilled employeesC. process expertiseD. economies of scale51. A greenfield investment:A. is a form of FDI that involves the establishment of a new operation in a foreign country.B. involves a 7 percent stock in an acquired foreign business entity.C. involves a merger with a foreign business.D. occurs when a firm acquires another company in a foreign country.52. If General Electric, a U.S. based corporation, purchased a 50 percent interest in a company in Italy, that purchase would be an example of a(n):A. minority acquisition.B. outright stake.C. majority acquisition.D. greenfield investment.53. FDI has been rising for all of the following reasons except:A. the globalization of the world economy.B. the general increase in trade barriers over the past 30 years.C. firms are trying to circumvent trade barriers.D. there is a shift toward democratic political institutions and free market economies.54. Historically, most FDI has been directed at the _____ nations of the world as firms based in advanced countries invested in:A. underdeveloped; underdeveloped countries.B. developed; underdeveloped countries.C. developed; each other's markets.D. underdeveloped; each other's markets.55. Identify the incorrect statement regarding the direction of FDI.A. Historically, most FDI has been directed at the developing nations of the world.B. During the 1980s and 1990s, the United States was often the favorite target for FDI inflows.C. The developed nations of the EU have received significant FDI inflows.D. Recent inflows into developing nations have been targeted at the emerging economies of South, East, and Southeast Asia.56. The total amount of capital invested in factories, stores, office buildings, and the like is summarized by:A. gross fixed capital formation.B. total investment capital.C. total tangible investment.D. gross depreciable investments.57. Most cross-border investment is:A. in the form of greenfield investments.B. made via mergers and acquisitions.C. between American and Japanese companies.D. involved in building new facilities.58. The rise in FDI in the services sector is a result of all of the following except:A. the general move in many developed countries away from manufacturing and toward services.B. accelerating regulations of services.C. many services cannot be traded internationally.D. many countries have liberalized their regimes governing FDI in services.59.When two or more enterprises encounter each other in different regional markets, national markets, or industries, there is:A. vertical integration.B. horizontal integration.C. multipoint competition.D. monopolistic competition.60.The _____ suggests that a firm will establish production facilities where foreign assets or resource endowments that are important to the firm are located.A. product life cycleB. strategic behavior theoryC. multipoint competition theoryD. eclectic paradigm11。
国际商务期末考试题及答案
国际商务期末考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 国际商务是指：A. 国内贸易B. 跨国贸易C. 国际贸易D. 国际投资2. 跨国公司通常是指：A. 拥有海外子公司的公司B. 只在本国运营的公司C. 只做出口贸易的公司D. 只做进口贸易的公司3. 国际商务中，以下哪个不是文化差异的影响因素？A. 语言B. 宗教C. 教育水平D. 法律体系4. 国际商务中，以下哪个不是贸易壁垒？A. 关税B. 配额C. 反倾销税D. 国际货币基金组织(IMF)5. 以下哪个不是国际商务谈判的特点？A. 需要考虑文化差异B. 需要考虑法律法规C. 只关注价格因素D. 需要考虑政治风险6. 国际商务中，以下哪个不是风险管理的策略？A. 风险规避B. 风险转移C. 风险接受D. 风险增加7. 国际商务中，以下哪个不是市场进入策略？A. 出口B. 合资C. 独资D. 进口8. 国际商务中，以下哪个不是国际支付方式？A. 信用证B. 汇票C. 支票D. 现金交易9. 国际商务中，以下哪个不是国际物流的特点？A. 跨国性B. 复杂性C. 单一性D. 时效性10. 国际商务中，以下哪个不是国际市场营销的策略？A. 产品策略B. 价格策略C. 渠道策略D. 质量策略二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述国际商务与国内商务的主要区别。
2. 描述国际商务谈判中文化差异对谈判的影响。
3. 解释什么是国际市场营销的4P策略。
三、案例分析题（每题25分，共50分）1. 假设你是一家跨国公司的市场部经理，公司计划进入一个新的国际市场。
请分析并提出你的市场进入策略，并解释你的选择。
2. 某国际公司在海外运营时遇到了当地政府的贸易壁垒，导致产品无法顺利进入市场。
请分析可能的解决方案，并提出你的建议。
国际商务期末考试答案一、选择题1. C2. A3. C4. D5. C6. D7. D8. D9. C10. D二、简答题1. 国际商务与国内商务的主要区别在于国际商务涉及跨国界，需要考虑不同国家的法律法规、文化差异、政治风险以及汇率变动等因素。
(完整word版)国际商务谈判复习期末考题及答案
国际商务谈判一、单项选择题1 .在技术条款谈判中，起“润滑剂”作用的人员是（ B ）A.商务人员B. 翻译人员C.金融人员D. 法律人员2. 双方首次进行谈判时，首要任务是（ C ）A.创设热情洋溢的气氛B.创造严肃、凝重的气氛C.消除和淡化双方的陌生感D.营造和睦友好的气氛3. 开局阶段奠定谈判成功基础的关键是___C_____。
A．反复磋商B．合理的报价C．良好的谈判气氛D．确定谈判目标4. 进行较为陌生且缺少经验的谈判，宜采取（ B ）A.坚定让步方式B.等额让步方式C.差额让步方式D.明确让步方式5. 谈判中的关键阶段是（ A ）A. 磋商阶段B.报价阶段C. 开局阶段D.成交阶段6. 能够控制谈判方向的技巧是（ C ）A. 听B.答C.问D.看7. 谈判中，双方互赠礼品时，西方人较为重视礼物的意义和(D)A.礼物价值B.礼物包装C.礼物类型D.感情价值8. 谈判中，作为卖方，报价起点__ B ____。
A. 要低B. 既要高又要接近理想报价C.既要低又要接近理想报价D. 要高9. 从总体上讲，商务谈判的信息在谈判中___D _____。
A. 直接决定谈判的成败B. 间接作用C. 无作用D. 成为控制谈判过程的手段10. 谈判中讨价还价集中体现在什么行为中? （ C ）A.问B. 叙C.辩D.答11.僵局最为纷繁多变的谈判阶段是（ C ）A.准备期B.初期C.中期D.后期12. 国际上最隆重与正式的宴请方式是（ C ）A.酒会B.茶会C.宴会D. 冷餐招待会13. 同外商初次交往时，喜欢先进行个人直接面谈，而不喜欢通过书信结交的是（ A ）A. 日本人B. 美国人C.英国人D.法国人14. 在商务谈判中，要想做到说服对方，应当___C____。
A、以在必要时采取强硬手段B、使对方明白已方从谈判中获利很小C、寻找双方利益的一致性D、使对方明白其从谈判中获利很大15．在国际商务活动中，一旦发生纠纷并诉诸法律，其法律适用问题将涉及到( D ) A．买方国家B．卖方国家C．第三方国家D．不同国家之间16．符合谈判让步原则的做法是( C )A．作同等让步B．让步幅度要大C．在重要问题上不要轻易让步 D．让步节奏要快17．在待客时，如果自己抽烟而不向客人敬烟，有此种习俗的谈判者是(B ) A．泰国人B．日本人C．马来西亚人D．韩国人18. 讲究节俭,反对浪费,把浪费看成是"罪恶"的是___ C____。
国际商务管理期末考试试题及答案
国际商务管理期末考试试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 国际商务管理的核心目标是：A. 利润最大化B. 市场份额最大化C. 客户满意度最大化D. 企业社会责任答案：A2. 跨国公司在进行国际扩张时，通常采用的组织结构是：A. 功能型结构B. 地理型结构C. 产品型结构D. 矩阵型结构答案：B3. 国际贸易理论中，比较优势理论的提出者是：A. 亚当·斯密B. 大卫·李嘉图C. 约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯D. 弗里德里希·李斯特答案：B4. 在国际市场进入策略中，合资企业属于哪种类型？A. 出口B. 许可C. 特许经营D. 直接投资答案：D5. 国际商务谈判中，文化差异可能导致：A. 沟通障碍B. 价格谈判困难C. 法律风险D. 物流问题答案：A...（此处省略其他选择题）二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述国际商务中的文化适应性对企业成功的重要性。
答案：国际商务中的文化适应性对企业成功至关重要。
企业需要了解并尊重目标市场的文化差异，包括商业习惯、沟通方式、价值观念等。
这有助于建立良好的客户关系，避免文化冲突，提高谈判成功率，并促进品牌在国际市场的接受度。
2. 描述国际市场营销中的4Ps策略。
答案：国际市场营销中的4Ps策略是指产品(Product)、价格(Price)、地点(Place)和促销(Promotion)。
企业需要根据国际市场的特定需求和偏好调整产品特性；制定合理的价格策略以吸引消费者；选择合适的分销渠道以确保产品的可得性；以及设计有效的促销活动以提高品牌知名度和市场占有率。
3. 解释什么是国际商务中的“全球战略”。
答案：国际商务中的“全球战略”是指企业在全球范围内统一其业务运作，以实现规模经济和效率最大化。
这种战略强调全球一体化，通过集中资源、标准化产品和流程，以及利用全球供应链来降低成本，提高竞争力。
三、案例分析题（每题25分，共50分）1. 假设你是一家国际服装品牌的市场经理，你的品牌计划进入一个新的亚洲市场。
国际商法英语期末试题及答案
国际商法英语期末试题及答案一、选择题1. Which of the following is NOT a main source of international commercial law?A) International conventions and treatiesB) Domestic legislationC) Customary international lawD) Judicial decisions答案: B) Domestic legislation2. Which of the following is NOT an essential element of a valid contract?A) Offer and acceptanceB) ConsiderationC) CapacityD) Legality答案: C) Capacity3. In international trade, the "INCOTERMS" refer to:A) International copyright lawsB) International standards for product labelingC) International payment terms and shipping conditionsD) International tax regulations答案: C) International payment terms and shipping conditions4. Which of the following is a dispute resolution mechanism often used in international commercial contracts?A) MediationB) ArbitrationC) LitigationD) All of the above答案: D) All of the above5. The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) applies to:A) Contracts for the sale of servicesB) Contracts for the sale of goods between parties in different countriesC) Contracts for the sale of goods within a single countryD) Contracts for the sale of goods between parties in the same country答案: B) Contracts for the sale of goods between parties in different countries二、简答题1. 请简要说明国际商法的定义和重要性。
(完整版)《国际商务》
《国际商务》复习题考试题型及分数：一、单项选择题：15分二、多项选择题：10分三、填空题：10分四、名词解释：15分五、简答题：30分六、论述题：20分第一章国际贸易与国际投资基本理论一、单项选择题1.资本主义早期的国际贸易理论是 A A 重商主义 B 重农主义 C 凯恩斯主义 D 超保护贸易主义2.下列各项中属于贸易保护理论的是 A A贸易乘数理论 B绝对成本论 C比较成本论 D要素禀赋说3.晚期重商主义最杰出的代表人物是 B A 斯塔福德 B 托马斯·孟 C 凯恩斯 D 李斯特4.保护幼稚工业理论的代表人物是 D A 斯塔福德 B托马斯·孟 C 凯恩斯 D李斯特5.下列各项中，属于贸易保护理论代表人物的是 D A 亚当·斯密 B 大卫·李嘉图 C 俄林 D 凯恩斯6.为证明增加新投资对就业和国民收入的好处，凯恩期提出了DA重商主义学说 B保护幼稚工业学说 C比较成本理论 D投资乘数理论7.下列理论中，属于自由贸易理论的是 CA 贸易乘数理论B 货币差额论C 绝对成本论D 贸易差额论8.在历史上第一次从生产领域出发,说明国际贸易发生与发展的必然性的理论是AA绝对成本论 B比较成本论 C重商主义 D要素禀赋说9.认为在劳动要素的质的方面具有相对优势，有利于生产和出口技术密集型产品的理论是 DA赫克歇尔—俄林原理 B绝对成本论 C比较成本论 D人力技能与人力资本理论10.林德从需求方面，即由人均收入水平的相同来解释国际贸易的商品流向的理论是 DA产业内贸易理论 B.新贸易理论 C比较成本论 D偏好相似理论11.二战后50年代到60年代上半期，发展中国家实现工业化，一般都是从实施 AA进口替代战略开始的B出口导向战略开始的 C国际投资战略开始的D保护贸易战略开始的12.20世纪60年代中期前后，东亚和东南亚一些国家和地区，如新加坡、韩国等转向何种贸易战略 BA 进口替代战略B 出口导向战略C 国际投资战略D 保护贸易战略13.最早的现代跨国直接投资理论是 CA竞争优势理论 B产品周期理论 C 垄断优势理论 D国际生产折衷理论14.产品周期理论的首创者是 BA海默 B维农 C邓宁 D波特15.目前对跨国公司及直接投资影响最大的一种理论是 DA竞争优势理论 B产品周期理论 C 垄断优势理论 D国际生产折衷理论16.一国（地区）与其他国家（地区）之间商品和服务的交换活动为 DA 国际贸易B 出口C 进口D 进出口贸易17.一个国家在一定时期出口贸易额和进口贸易额之和称为 AA对外贸易额 B对外贸易量 C国际贸易额 D国际贸易量18.世界各国出口贸易额的总和为 BA对外贸易额B国际贸易额 C净出口额 D累计出口额19.出口商品价格与进口商品价格之间的比率称为 AA 贸易条件B 贸易差额C 出超D 入超20.用一个简短的概念或英文缩写字母来表示价格的构成和交易的其他条件称为 CA支付方式 B无形贸易 C贸易术语 D国际贸易21.下列国际贸易术语中，适用于各种运输方式的是 B A.FOB B.CIP C.CFR D.CIF22.下列国际贸易术语中，货物的有关保险手续应当由卖方负责办理的是 A A.CIF B.FOB C.FCA D.CPT 23．“CIF天津”贸易术语中，“天津”表示的是 C A装运港名称B装运地城市名称 C目的港名称 D目的地城市名称24.以银行为付款人的即期汇票称为 A A 支票 B 汇票 C 本票 D 托收二、多项选择题1.下列各项中属于贸易保护理论的有 ADE A重商主义B比较成本论C绝对成本论D贸易乘数理论E凯恩斯主义2.贸易保护理论的代表人物有 ABCD A 斯塔福德B托马斯·孟 C 凯恩斯D李斯特E亚当•斯密3.下列各项中属于自由贸易理论的有 BCE A重商主义B比较成本论C绝对成本论D凯恩斯主义E要素禀赋说4.自由贸易理论的代表人物有 BCDE A汉密尔顿B亚当·斯密C赫克歇尔D俄林 E大卫·李嘉图5.根据国际生产折衷理论，影响企业从事对外直接投资的变量有 ABD A内部化优势 B所有权优势C资源优势D 区位优势E政策优势6.当出口贸易额大于进口贸易额时，可称之为 ADE A贸易顺差B贸易逆差C贸易赤字D贸易盈余E出超7.当出口贸易额小于进口贸易额时，可称之为 BCE A贸易顺差B贸易逆差C贸易赤字D出超E入超8.下列国际贸易术语中，仅适用于水上运输方式的是 ABC A FOB B CFR C CIF D FCA E CPT9.下列国际贸易术语中，适用于各种运输方式的是 ADE A CIP B CFR C CIF D FCA E CPT10.下列国际贸易术语中，货物的风险在船舷转移的是 ABE A FOB B CFR C CIP D FCA E CIF三、填空题1.贸易保护的起点是（重商主义）。
国际商务试题及答案
国际商务试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 国际商务中，跨国公司通常采用哪种组织结构来管理其全球业务？A. 功能型结构B. 地理型结构C. 产品型结构D. 矩阵型结构2. 根据波特的五力模型，以下哪一项不是行业竞争力量？A. 供应商的议价能力B. 潜在的新进入者C. 替代品的威胁D. 政府政策3. 在国际市场进入模式中，哪种方式允许企业获得最大的控制权？A. 出口B. 许可经营C. 特许经营D. 直接投资4. 国际商务中，文化差异对以下哪个方面影响最大？A. 产品定价B. 营销策略C. 人力资源管理D. 财务报告5. 以下哪个不是国际商务中常见的风险类型？A. 政治风险B. 汇率风险C. 信用风险D. 技术风险二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）6. 简述国际商务中的全球化与多国本土化的区别。
7. 描述国际商务谈判中文化因素的重要性及其对谈判结果可能产生的影响。
8. 解释国际商务中的“适应性”概念，并举例说明企业如何实现适应性。
三、案例分析题（每题25分，共50分）9. 假设你是一家国际公司的市场部经理，公司计划进入一个新的亚洲市场。
请分析进入该市场可能面临的主要挑战，并提出相应的市场进入策略。
10. 某跨国公司在东道国遭遇了政治不稳定，导致其业务受到严重影响。
请分析该公司可能采取的应对措施，并讨论这些措施的潜在效果和风险。
国际商务试题答案一、选择题1. D. 矩阵型结构2. D. 政府政策3. D. 直接投资4. B. 营销策略5. D. 技术风险二、简答题6. 全球化是指企业在全球范围内统一其产品、服务和营销策略，以实现规模经济和市场效率。
而多国本土化则是指企业根据不同国家的市场特点，调整其产品和营销策略以满足当地消费者的需求。
7. 文化因素在国际商务谈判中至关重要，它影响谈判双方的交流方式、决策过程和信任建立。
文化差异可能导致误解和沟通障碍，从而影响谈判结果。
8. “适应性”是指企业根据外部环境的变化调整其战略和运营，以提高竞争力。
《国际商务》试卷
国际商务试卷考试时间：120分钟考试方式：闭卷单位东周窑煤炭有限责任公司班级姓名郭继君一、单选题（1’ X 20=20’）1、国际商务是指（A）A一种跨越国界的活动，是在不同国家之间进行商品、劳务、资本、技术和信息等资源的国际转移B货物的出口与进口C国家之间出售或购买服务的交易D专利、商标、技术秘诀等无形资产的持有者根据协议向外国公司授予一定时间内的使用权利2、经济全球化的第一大支柱是（A）A跨国公司B国际条约、组织和国际商务体系C各种国际商务活动D直接投资3、16世纪末到17世纪末晚期重商主义主张（D）A主张多卖少买或不买并主张采取行政手段，控制商品进口，禁止货币输出以积累货币财富B不一定要求对所有国家都保持贸易顺差，允许对某些地区的贸易逆差，只要在对外贸易的总额保持出口大于进口（顺差）即可C一国应当专业化生产并出口本国具有比较优势的产品，进口本国不具有比较优势（比较劣势）的产品D自由贸易4、大卫·李嘉图主张（B）A资源禀赋理论B绝对优势理论C规模经济理论D比较优势理论5、目前最为普遍的反映竞争业绩的指标是（C）A市场份额与利润特性B竞争优势C市场地位D企业内部特定资源6、关于大宗贸易市场及其竞争特点说法正确的是（D）A规模经济效益 B是地方性而不是全球性的C经验曲线的效应非常明显 D是一个真正的全球性市场7、贸易进入是指（C）A投资者通过对与股权投资有直接联系的技术等各种资源的控制而从中获利B企业将国内生产和加工的产品输往海外目标市场的活动C通过购买、参与当地企业的股份，直接在海外从事生产、销售和其他经营活动的投资形式D许让方向受许方转让技术、商标、统一的经营方法等，让受许方在本企业的监督与帮助下，利用本企业形象和品牌经营本企业的特定业务8、效率导向型投资动机是指（B）A企业为寻求稳定的资源供应和利用廉价资源而进行的对外直接投资B以追求利润最大化为目标C指企业进行对外直接投资的目的在于降低成本，提高生产效率D将投资分散于不同的国家和产业，以便安全稳妥地获得较高的利润9、对外直接投资的形式中属于收购进入的弊端的是（A）A受原有契约关系的限制B各方对企业的控制权和管理权的争夺C各方矛盾与摩擦较多D迅速进入东道国市场，从而可缩短投资回收年限10、市场细分的客观基础是（B）A消费者需求的相似性 B消费者需求的差异性C政府政策 D市场潜力11、目标市场的评价方中，反映国际企业投资的赢利状况而且是事前评价与选择经营地点的重要标准的是（A）A投资收益比较的分析B数量分析C表格分析法D国家(地区)吸引力一企业优势矩阵12、存在大量商品和劳务的提供者(卖方)和顾客(买方)，各种资源禀赋与信息可以自由流动，个别卖方和买方的需求与供给变化对市场价格的影响可以忽略不计的是（D）A寡头垄断B完全垄断市场C不完全竞争市场D完全竞争市场13、宏观政治风险是指（B）A由有选择地影响某个领域投资和经营活动的行动或事件所造成，构成某些行业或企业特有的风险B由于各种政治因素使东道国的经营环境发生了超过某种程度的变化，对企业的国际经营带来不利影响的可能性C那些广泛而全面地影响在一国的所有外国投资或经营的全局性政治事件或政府行为所引起D采用渐进方式，通过控制和限制逐步削弱外资公司所有者的控制14、没收，是指（B）A东道国政府在将外国企业在该国的投资收归国有时以某种方式给予一定的补偿B指东道国政府根据自己的主权，采用强制措施无偿地把外资企业或外资在合资企业中的股份收归国有C采用渐进方式，通过控制和限制逐步削弱外资公司所有者的控制的过程D东道国为促进国际收支的平衡，可能会制定某种政策对境内所有企业的外汇收支加以控制15、文化的主要功能不包括（C）A导向功能B协调功能C约束功能D交流功能16、世界贸易组织的组织结构中，最高权力机构是（A）A总理事会B理事会C委员会D部长会议17、下列属于国际商品渗透模式中多元化经营模式的是（C）A企业以面向国内市场的现有产品直接转向出口，以满足与国内用户具有相同需求的海外市场需要B厂商为了更好地满足与国内市场有同样需求的海外市场需要，将现有产品进行大幅度的改动或开发出新的产品加以出口C企业根据自己获取的国际市场信息，结合本企业所具有的生产技术和管理经验，针对不同市场特点生产和出口不同产品D厂商将面向国内市场的现有产品输往海外，以开发与国内需求不大相同的海外市场18、商品包装策划中，多种包装策略是指（B）A一个企业所生产的各种不同产品,在包装上采用相同的造型、图案、色彩或其他相同的特征,使消费者很容易发现是同一家企业的产品B当企业经营的各种产品质量存在着较大差别时,企业对不同档次、不同质量、不同等级的产品分别采用不同的包装,而对质量水平相近的产品采用一种包装C把在使用时有关联的几种商品,纳入一个包装内,同时出售,使消费者购买一次就可以满足多种需求,为消费者提供较多的方便D原包装的商品用完后,包装物可再利用19、国际定价策略中成本导向定价法是指（D）A是一种以成本回收为基础的顺算定价法B以市场需求为基础，根据消费者承受的消费价格为依据C是一种以相同产品的价格来定价的方法D以强化本企业产品市场竞争能力为目标来决定出口商品价格水平的一种定价方法20、关于成本导向定价法中收支平衡定价法正确的是（C）A产品价格=单位产品成本 X（1+利润加成）B每增加一件产品所增加的单位可变成本C产品价格=（总固定成本+目标利润）/生产能力（销售量）+单位变动成本D以市场需求为基础，根据消费者承受的消费价格为依据二、多选（2’ X 15=30’）1、国际商务的形式有（AB）A国际商品贸易B国际服务贸易C国际技术许可和特许经营D国际间接投资2、经济全球化的具体表现形式有（ABCD）A生产全球化B贸易全球化C服务全球化D市场国际化3、规模经济的表现形式有（AC）A规模经济贸易模型B马歇尔外部经济C产品生命周期理论D张伯伦内部规模经济4、产品生命周期理论把产品的贸易过程划分为（ABCD）A萌芽期B初始期C成长期D成熟期5、全球行业市场及其竞争特点有（ACD）A规模经济效益B合作竞争C经验曲线的效应D整体、全方位竞争6、“波特四因素”模型中认为影响企业开发其竞争优势最大、最直接的有（ABD）A生产要素B需求情况C相关产业以及企业组织D战略和竞争程度7、企业三种基本竞争模式包括（ABD）A成本领先B差别化C销售渠道创新D专一化8、国际市场进入模式中非股权安排进入的形式有（ABCD）A技术许可B特许经营C管理合同D服务合同9、目标市场应具备的条件（ABCD）A市场较成熟B有一定的规模和发展潜力C竞争者未完全控制D符合企业目标和能力10、西方经济学理论将市场区分为（ABCD）A完全竞争市场B完全垄断市场C不完全竞争市场D寡头垄断11、PEST分析包括（BCD）A贸易分析B政治分析C经济分析D社会文化分析12、政治风险三个显著的特点包括（BCD）A历史性B不可预测性C非市场力D涉及面广、影响时间长13、世界贸易组织在今天经济生活中作用包括（BCD）A主持继续谈判B贸易政策评审机制发挥重要作用C向国际收支发生困难的成员国提供必要的贷款D争端解决机制的良好运行维护了多边贸易体制的权威14、下列各项中属于国际商品渗透模式的有（ABCD）A市场渗透模式B技术开发C产品开发模式D市场开发模式15出口商品价格上调的原因包括（BCD）A产品供过于求，而改进产品、增加促销手段或其他可供选择的措施又不见成效B企业为了适应经营战略调整的需要而调高出口商品价格C出口企业为了适应经营环境变化而进行的价格调整D企业在受到外部限制的情况下所采取的一种不得已的价格调整行为三、判断（1’X10=10’）1、国际间接投资即证券投资，是指企业购买外国公司的上市股票或外国公司、政府发行的债券等（×）2、小岛清的国际生产折衷理论认为外国直接投资的两个基本必要条件是国外生产成本比国内生产成本低，和跨国公司的生产成本比当地企业低（√）3、多国市场的特点有“国际竞争规模是全球性而不是地方性的”（√）4、差别化是指某一战略商务单位所提供的产品和服务具有与其竞争对手相区别的特征和个性（√）5、合资经营的企业从法律上讲是一个独立的法人，它具有起诉和应诉的能力（√）6、市场定位的方法中特色定位法是指通过对顾客欲望和需求寻找利益切入点进行产品定位（×）7、一体化技术，是指采取各种措施使跨国公司在东道国的子公司尽可能地与当地经济实现—体化，其目的在于帮助子公司尽量成为东道国经济的一分子（×）8、共同市场是指成员国之间完全取消关税或其他贸易壁垒，并且对非成员国实行统一的关税率而缔结的同盟（×）9、市场渗透模式是指厂商为了更好地满足与国内市场有同样需求的海外市场需要，将现有产品进行大幅度的改动或开发出新的产品加以出口（×）10、促销即促进销售，是指企业运用各种手段，传递产品或劳务信息，以说服和激励顾客购买企业的产品或劳务，实现扩大销售目的的一切企业活动的总和（√）四、简答（10’X2=20’）1、何谓“波特四因素”模型？是分析国际竞争优势的工具，迈克尔波特认为影响一个国家某一个行业国际竞争优势有以下六点：生产要素、需求状况、相关及支持产业、企业战略、结构和同业竞争、政府、机会2、何谓竞争优势判别法？竞争优势判别法是一个企业或国家在某些方面比其他的企业或国家更能带来利润或效益的优势,源于技术、管理、品牌、劳动力成本等。
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国际商务练习题一、单选题1.（A ）是指缔约一方现在和将来所给予任何第三方的一切特权、优待、利益及豁免，也同样给予缔约对方。
（1）.最惠国待遇（2）.国民待遇（3）.市场经济地位（4）.战略伙伴2（B）是指缔约一方保证缔约另一方的公民、企业和船舶在本国境内享受与本国公民、企业和船舶同等的待遇。
（1）.最惠国待遇（2）.国民待遇（3）.市场经济地位（4）.战略伙伴3在下列商业活动中，哪一笔属于国际商务活动（B）。
（1）,美国花旗银行上海浦东分行向美国花旗银行总行贷款（2）,美国花旗银行上海浦东分行向中国建设银行浦东分行贷款（3）,美国花旗银行上海浦东分行向美国城市银行上海浦东分行贷款（4）,美国花旗银行上海浦东分行向美国第一国民银行总行贷款4（B）是企业所特有的、能够经得起时间考验的、具有延展性，并且是竞争对手难以模仿的技术或能力。
（1）.竞争力（2）.核心竞争力（3）.国际竞争力（4）.表层竞争力5.企业通过自身要素的优化及与外部环境的交互作用，在有限的市场资源配置中占有相对优势，进而处于良性循环的可持续发展状态的能力( A )（1）.竞争力（2）.核心竞争力（3）.国际竞争力（4）.表层竞争力6.(C )是竞争力资产与竞争力国际化过程的统一。
（1）.竞争力（2）.核心竞争力（3）.国际竞争力（4）.表层竞争力7.企业通过一系列具体的策略和措施，使本企业成本与同行业其他企业成本相比很低的战略叫（C）（1）.差异化战略（2）.集中战略（3）. 成本领先战略（4）.低价倾销战略8企业采取一种集中的、为一组特定用户服务的战略是( B )A. A.差异化战略（2）.集中战略（3）. 成本领先战略（4）.低价倾销战略9.一些企业拥有或可以得到的那些外国企业不能获得的优势，如产品、技术、规模经济、市场等称之为（A）（1）.所有权优势（2）.区位优势（3）.内部化优势（4）.成本优势10某中国小家电企业，总资产50亿元，年销售额20亿元，雇员总数4万人；其中，国外资产5亿元，国外销售额4亿元，国外雇员2千人，该企业跨国化指数为( D)（1）.10% （2）.20% （3）.5% （4）.11.7%11. 在其他国家境内的本国律师事务所、银行分支机构提供的服务属于服务贸易中的（D）（1）. 境外消费（2）. 跨境提供（3）. 自然人流动（4）. 商业存在12．企业通过各种不同的方式，进口原料、材料或零件，利用本国的生产能力和技术，加工成成品后再出口，从而获得以外汇体现的附加价值，这一国际化方式称(C )（1）.一般贸易（2）.技术贸易（3）.加工贸易（4）.国际特许经营13某公司为东道国建造工厂或其他工程项目，一旦设计与建造工程完成，即将该工厂或项目所有权和管理权依合同完整地给对方，这一国际化方式称(D )。
（1）.国际特许经方式（2）.许可证方式（3）.新建直接投资（4）.交钥匙工程14．麦当劳在中国开设连锁店属于( A)（1）.国际特许经营方式（2）.许可证方式（3）.新建直接投资（4）.交钥匙工程15．根据消费者对产品的需求欲望、购买行为与购买习惯的差异，把整个国际市场划分为两个或更多的消费者群，从而确定国际目标市场的活动过程是（B ）（1）.国际市场定位（2）.国际市场细分（3）.国际目标市场选择（4）.国际市场评估16．宝洁公司将牙膏细分为价廉物美、防治牙病、洁齿美容、口味清爽四个市场，该细分市场的依据是（C）。
（1）.地理Ｂ.人口（3）.心理（4）.行为17．（A）是指企业把整个国际市场看作一个大的单一目标市场，认为市场上所有消费者对本企业产品的需求都不存在差异性。
（1）. 无差异市场策略（2）. 差异性市场策略（3）.市场定位策略（4）. 集中性营销策略18．（B）是指企业同时经营几个细分市场，并为每个细分市场设计不同的产品。
（1）. 无差异市场策略（2）. 差异性市场策略（3）.市场定位策略（4）. 集中性营销策略19．将自己的产品定位在目标市场上尚未得到满足的那部分需求的策略是（A）（1）．市场空隙策略（2）.追随市场领先者策略（3）.市场挑战者策略（4）.差异化策略20．我国曾向伊朗出口10万辆自行车，由于在车座所用皮革上没有注意伊斯兰教的特殊要求，受到伊朗进口商的刁难。
这提醒我们在跨国经营活动中应重视其他民族的（B ）。
（1）,生活习惯（2）,宗教信仰（3）,体态语言差异（4）,文字语言差异21.在一般巴西人的观念中，紫色表示悲哀，因而有紫色饰带的日本钟表会受到巴西人的冷落，这反映了巴西人独特的（A ）。
（1）,审美观念（2）,质量观念（3）,消费观念（4）,时间观念22．生活节奏最快，最注意准时的是（）。
（1）,中国人（2）,印度人（3）,印尼人（4）,新加坡人23.以下国家中，时间观念最差的国家是（）。
（1）,美国（2）,意大利（3）,英国（4）,巴西24.世界上信徒最多的三大宗教是（）。
（1）,印度教、儒教、犹太教（2）,基督教、伊斯兰教、佛教（3）,基督教、伊斯兰教、印度教（4）,基督教、印度教、佛教25.伊斯兰教的信徒禁止（A ）。
（1）,喝酒（2）,喝咖啡（3）,吸烟（4）,喝葡萄汁26.在国际经营活动中，正确运用语言是十分重要的。
对经营活动中所涉及的函电、合同、商品牌名、产品说明、广告等，可将其视作为（）。
（1）,口头语言（2）,文字语言（3）,体态语言（4）,人体语言27.当公司直接卷入在国外的采购或推销，或在海外直接制造产品和提供劳务，并且在海外有自己的长期派驻人员时，在公司的组织中，可能有一个“国际部”而不只是一个国际“科”，此时，该公司的发展处于（）。
（1）,国际化的第一阶段（2）,国际化的第二阶段（3）,国际化的第三阶段（4）,国际化的第四阶段28.最基本的企业营销组合 4P 是指（）（1）. 产品、价格、计划、促销（2）. 产品、价格、计划、请求（3）. 产品、价格、渠道、促销（4）. 产品、价格、计划、渠道29.明星产品指具有高市场增长率和（）的业务。
（1）,高市场占有率（2）,高收益率（3）,高回报率（4）,高风险30（（1））如不能向金牛产品发展，应果断淘汰，继续维持只会加重企业的负担。
（1）.瘦狗产品（2）.明星产品（3）.问题产品（4）.新产品31.如果一家公司试图在所有东道国（），那它就会在低薪国家因成本高在市场上站不住脚，而在高薪国家又招聘不到合格的管理人员。
（1）,实施差别工资（2）,使用严格等级制工资（3）,工资递增制度（4）,保持同一工资水平32市场比较集中、渠道短、销售力量强及产品需经过示范、退换的商品，一般使用（）（1）．广告推销（2）.人员推销（3）.营业推广（4）。
公共关系33．国际直接分销渠道不经过任何（）。
（1）,制造商（2）,消费者（3）,最终用户（4）,中间商34（）是指销售渠道中的每个层次使用同类中间商数目的多少。
（1）,渠道长度（2）,产品线长度（3）,产品线宽度（4）,渠道宽度35.本国派出的经理应熟悉母公司的情况，熟悉母公司的政策、习惯做法及人事状况等，因此西方跨国公司中较为常见的做法是（）。
（1）,高层管理人员本土化（2）,高层管理人员国际化（3）,高层管理人员区域化（4）,高层管理人员母国化36．一个组织、经济实体或个人的以外币计价的资产（债权、权益）与负债（债务、义务），因外汇汇率波动而引起的价值上涨或下降的可能，称为（）（1）．资产风险（2）.债务风险（3）.财务风险（4）.外汇风险37．以外国货币定值或计价的合同，在汇率变动后进行收付结算时其本币价值发生增减变化的可能性，称为（）。
（1）．交易风险（2）.折算风险（3）.经济风险（4）.财务风险38．（）有时也被称为会计风险，产生于国际企业将其国外附属公司或投资经营项目成果的计值单位由记账外币换算成本币的换算过程。
（1）. 交易风险（2）.经济风险（3）. 折算风险（4）.投资风险二、多选题1.国际商务和国内商务的区别主要表现在( BCD)（1）本质属性不同（2）发展环境不同（3）活动方式不同（4）管理因素与方式不同2.当代跨国公司的发展趋势是（ABCD）（1）实行本地化经营，塑造当地化概念（2）越来越重视高新技术发展；注重信息化管理（3）对发展中国家愈来愈重视（4）跨国并购日趋剧烈3.当代跨国公司的主要特征( ABC)（1）生产经营活动的跨国化（2）经营战略全球化（3）公司内部一体化（4）经营领域单一化4．(（1）（2）（3）)是当代最重要的国际经济组织(ABC)（1）．WTO （2）. IMF （3）.WB （4）.APEC5.将竞争参与者类型和竞争参与方式结合起来，国际竞争的主要类型包括( ABC )（1）.全球市场竞争（2）.多国市场竞争（3）.大宗贸易市场竞争（4）.纯国内市场竞争6．跨国公司使用成本领先战略适用条件包括( BCD )（1）.现有竞争企业之间的价格竞争非常激烈；（2）.企业所处产业的产品基本上是标准化或者同质化的；（3）.实现产品差异化的途径很少；（4）.多数顾客使用产品的方式相同；7．跨国公司使用差异化战略适用条件包括(ABC)（1）可以有很多途径创造企业与竞争对手产品之间的差异，并且这种差异被顾客认为是有价值的；（2）顾客对产品的需求和使用要求是多种多样的，即顾客需求是有差异的；（3）.采用类似差异化途径的竞争对手很少，即真正能够保证企业是“差异化”的；（4）.技术变革很快，市场上的竞争主要集中在不断地推出新的产品特色。
8．东道国民族企业在以下哪些方面较其他国家的跨国企业具有优势（ABC）（1）．民族企业更能适应本国政治、经济、法律及文化等诸因素所组成的投资环境（2）．民族企业常得到本国政府的优惠和保护（3）．民族企业不必担负跨国经营企业所无法逃避的各种费用和风险（4）．民族企业生产或服务效率更高9．国际生产折衷理论提出决定一国企业对外直接投资的变量包括（ABD ）（1）.所有权优势（2）.内部化优势（3）.成本优势（4）.区位优势10．企业国际化的过程一般包括( ABCD)（1）．间接的或被动的进出口阶段（2）．直接的或主动的进出口阶段（3）. 设立海外代理机构阶段（4）. 成熟的多国导向型阶段11.按照授权范围大小，许可经营可以分为：（ABCD）（1）．独占许可（2）.排他许可（3）.普通许可（4）.分许可12．国际市场细分的作用主要是（ABCD）（1）.为企业走向市场和把握市场特征提供了有利的分析工具；（2）.有助于企业发现新的市场机会，开发新的市场；（3）.有利于减少竞争对手；（4）.有利于企业扬长避短，发挥优势，增强竞争力。
13．国际市场细分的原则（ABCD ）（1）．可衡量性原则（2）.可进入性原则（3）.盈利性原则（4）．发展性原则本课程重要的术语差异化战略、成本领先战略、集中战略产业内贸易波特四因素内向国际化外向国际化进料加工来料加工特许经营绿地投资国际市场定位战略撇指定价策略渗透定价策略心理定价策略本课程重要的思考题全球市场竞争(或多国市场竞争、大宗贸易市场竞争)的含义与主要特点邓宁国际生产折中理论的主要内容波特四要素模型的主要内容市场细分的作用有哪些国际市场细分的步骤影响目标市场选择的因素。