高级英语 课后答案 3

Ⅰ .Give brief answers to the following questions, using your own words as much as possible:
1) Why did the writer go to the Aral Sea? What did he see there?
2) What was "the tunnel through time" the scientist was digging?
3) What were scientists doing in the Antarctic region?
4) Why would the thinning of the polar ice cap be disastrous to the world?
5) How will the destruction of the Amazon rain forest affect the earth's ecological balance?
6) What does the writer call "ghosts in the sky"? How are they formed?
7) Why does the writer say "our response to these signals is puzzling"”?
8) What causes global warming? Why is it considered a strategic threat?
9) What are the two key factors that define the physical reality of our relationship to the earth? What dramatic changes have occurred in these two key factors?
10) What solutions does the writer put forward to our ecological problems?

Ⅱ .Paraphrase:
1)The prospects of a good catch looked bleak
2) He moved his finger back in time to the ice of two decades ago.
3) Keeps its engines running to prevent the metal parts from freeze-locking together
4) Acre by acre, the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef
5) Which means we are silencing thousands of songs we have never even heard
6) Considering such scenarios is not a purely speculative exercise.
7) We are ripping matter from its place in the earth in such volume as to upset the balance between daylight and darkness
8) Or have our eyes adjusted so completely to the bright lights of civilization that we can’ t see these clouds for what they are
9) To come to the question another way
10)and have a great effect on the location and pattern of human societies
11)we seem oblivious of the fragility of the earth’ s natural systems
12) And this ongoing revolution has also suddenly accelerated exponentially.

Ⅲ. Translate the following into Chinese:
1) But the most significant change thus far in the earth’s atmosphere is the one that began with the industrial revolution early in the last century and has picked up speed ever since. Industry meant coal, and later oil, and we began to burn lots of it – bringing rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO ) with its ability to trap more heat in the atmosphere and slowly warm the earth. Fewer than a hundred yards from the South Pole, upwind from the ice runway where the ski plane lands and keeps its engines running to prevent the metal parts from freeze-locking together, scientists monitor the air several times every day to chart the course of that inexorable change. During my visit, I watched one scientist draw the results of that day’ s measurements, pushing the end of a steep line higher on the graph. He told me how easy it is – there at the end of the earth – to see that this enormous change in the global atmosphere is still picking up speed.
　

2) However, a new class of environmental problems does affect the global ecological system, and these threats are fundamentally strategic. The 600 percent increase in the amount of chlorine in the atmosphere during the last forty years has taken place not just in those countries producing the chlorofluorocarbons responsible but in the air above every country, above Antarctica, above the North Pole and the Pacific Ocean – all the way from the surface of the earth to the top of the sky. The increased levels of chlorine disrupt the global process by which the earth regulates the amount of ultraviolet radiation from the sun that is allowed through the atmosphere to the surface: and if we let chlorine levels continue to increase, the radiation levels will also increase – to the point that all animal and plant life will face a new threat to their survival.
3) The strategic nature of the threat now posed by human civilization to the global environment and the strategic nature of the threat to human civilization now posed by changes in the global environment present us with a similar set of challenges and false hopes. Some argue that a new ultimate technology, whether nuclear power or genetic engineering, will solve the problem. Others hold that only a drastic reduction of our reliance on technology can improve the conditions of life – a simplistic notion at best. But the real solution will be found in reinventing and finally healing the relationship between civilization and the earth. This can only be accomplished by undertaking a careful reassessment of all the factors that led to the relatively recent dramatic change in the relationship. The transformation of the way we relate to the earth will of course involve new technologies, but the key changes will involve new ways of thinking about the relationship itself.

Ⅳ. Study the formation of the following nouns in each group. Give further examples of nouns with the same suffixes.
1) radiation pollution
2) environment measurement
3) image damage
4) coldness thickness
5) emission collision
6) activity fragility
7) nature temperature
8) consequence evidence
9) frequency constancy
10) crisis paralysis
11) relationship friendship
12) truth strength

Ⅴ. The suffix -logy(-ology) means the science or study of. Add -logy(-ology) to the following words and translate them into Chinese.
1) techn - 2) eco-
3) hydro- 4) phreno -
5) neuro - 6) path -
7) physio - 8) pharmaco -
9) gynaeco - 10) ocean -
11) lexico - 12) archeo-
13) anthropo - 14) crimin -

Ⅵ. The suffix -ist forms nouns denoting agent, follower, adherer, expert, etc. Give corresponding nouns ending in -ist for the words listed below and translate them into Chinese:
1

) anarchism 2) naturalism
3) biology 4) psychology
5) satirize 6) encyclopaedism
7) geology 8) sociology
9) zoology 10) impressionism
11) environment 12) terrorism

Ⅶ. The prefix sub- has different meanings. Look up the following words in the dictionary and put them into Chinese, paying attention to the different meanings of sub-:
1) submarine 2) submerge
3) subantarctic 4) subsolar
5) subhead 6) subaquatic
7) subdivide 8) suboxide
9) subclass 10) subclimax
11) subcommittee 12) subconscious
13) subcontinent 14) subcontract
15) subculture 16) subspecies
17) subsoil 18) sublethal

Ⅷ. Pick out from the text all the terms connected with ecological environment.

IX. Replace the italicized words with simple, everyday words or expressions:
1) My research for the underlying causes of the environmental crisis has led me to travel around the world to examine and study many of these images of destruction. ( ) ( )
2) Scientists monitor the air several times every day to chart the course of that inexorable change.( )
3) I traveled by snowmobiles a few miles further north to a rendezvous point ( )
4) With horizon defined by little hummocky... where separate sheets collide ( )
5) Moreover, scientists established several years ago that the temperature of the earth is steadily rising. ( )
6) But one doesn't have to travel around the world to witness humankind' s assault on the earth. ( )
7) Particular, local and regional problems occurring simultaneously all over the world ( )
8) This increase in heat seriously threatens the global climate equilibrium ( )
9) They have completely transformed our cumulative ability to exploit the earth for sustenance ( )
10) Our challenge is to recognize that the startling images of environmental destruction... awaken us. ( )
11) It arises out of the relationship between the superpowers and is based on an obsolete understanding of what war is all about. ( )

Ⅹ. Choose a more appropriate word from the bracket to complete each of the following sentences. Make changes where necessary.
1) Before taking actions, you must consider the (result, consequence, out come)
2) It is not the knowing, but the doing that brings (result, consequence, out come)
3) T he book embodies the of his ten years of original research. (result, consequence, outcome)
4) But it would be premature to forecast the of the war. (result, consequence, outcome)
5) The financial of the company for the last half year were very satisfactory. (result, consequence, outcome)
6) The

new organization is the of a meeting held among member states last month. (result, consequence, out-come)
7) We can't get rid of war unless we get rid of the of war. (cause, reason)
8) The news of the air crash was reported right away, but the-----were not disclosed. (cause, reason)
9) He had no sufficiently good enough for the refusal of the post. (cause, reason)
10) The lady had to remain nameless for diplomatic (cause, reason)
11) She broke off all with the man who had deceived her. (relation, relationship)
12) In the past few years, they formed a of un-questioning political loyalty. (relation, relationship)
13) He has done so much to develop trade between China and Japan. (relation, relationship)
14) To protect global environment, we must have a correct understanding of the between our civilization and the earth. (relation, relationship)
15) He had a unique way of putting thoughts into simple words. (complex, complicated)
16) A sentence has one or more clauses besides the main clause. (complex, complicated)
17) You are not helping me. You are only making things more than they are. (complex, complicated)
18) As the edifice of civilization is becoming more we feel increasingly distant from our roots in the earth. (complex, complicated)
19) The process is and easy to grasp. (simple, simplistic)
20) This is a answer, and I' m sure it won’t solve the problem. (simple, simplistic)

Ⅺ . Fill in each blank with a preposition or a conjunction:
Modern industrial civilization is colliding violently our planet's ecological system. The ferocity its assault the earth is breathtaking. Isolated pockets resistance fighters have begun to fight back inspiring but, the final analysis, woefully inadequate ways. What they are up is nothing less the current logic world civilization. long civilization, its vast technological power, continues to follow a pattern thinking that encourages the exploitation the natural world short-term gains, an irresistible force will continue to devastate the earth no matter what any us does.

Ⅻ. Choose the right word from the list given below for each blank:
relationship What garbage that
environment inherit Unless landfill
disposal debates Having recent
dispose confront only reduce
dramatically allow endless dumping
elsewhere used drown change
thinking chosen we ocean
capacity running waste it
quantities mind been humankind
interdependent sight old of

One of the clearest signs th

at our________to the global________is in severe crisis is the floodtide of ________spilling out of our cities and factories________some have called the "throwaway society" had been based on the assumption that________resources will________us to produce an endless supply of goods and________bottomless receptacles -- landfills and ocean _________sites will allow us to ________of an endless stream of waste. But now we are beginning to ________in that stream. ________relied for too long on the _________strategy "out of sight, out of _______"we are now ______ out of ways to dispose of our _________in a manner that keeps _______out of either ______or mind.
The American people have in_______years, become embroiled in ______about relative merits of various waste ______ schemes, from dumping it in the ________to burying it in a landfill to burning it or taking it ________.Now, however, we must ____ a strategic threat to our_____ to dispose ________the enormous _______of waste now being produced. There is ______one way out: we have to ________our production processes and ____the amount of waste _______create. Our species _______to flourish within the_______web of life, but we have _______to leave the garden. _____we find a way to ____ change our way of _____ about the relationship between ______and the earth, our children will ______a wasteland.

XIII. Topics for oral work:
1) How has human civilization now become the dominant cause of change in the global environment?
2) What changes in the global environment present a strategic threat to human civilization? How should we face this challenge and solve the problem?

XIV .Write a short composition on:
We must protect our ecological system










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习题全解
I.
1)The writer went to the Aral Sea to search for the underlying causes of the environmental crisis. What he saw there was hot dry sand.
2)It was the annual layers of ice in a core sample dug from the glacier.
3)Scientists were monitoring the air several times a day to chart the course of the climate change.
4)Because the polar cap plays a crucial role in the world's weather system, the thinning of the polar cap might cause flood in many places of the world.
5)There are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America. The destruction of the Amazon rain forest will mean silencing thousands of songs we have never even heard.
6)The writer calls noctilucent clouds"ghosts in the sky". As a result of pollution, the clouds occasionally appear when the earth is first cloaked in the evening darkness. And they appear more often because of a huge buildup of methane gas in the atmosphere.
7)Because we are not yet awakened to take effective measures to deal with the climate change.
8)Carbon dioxide's ability to trap heat in the atmosphere caus

es global warming. Because global warming seriously threatens the global climate equilibrium that determines the pat- tern of winds, rainfall, surface temperatures, ocean cur- rents, and sea level. These in turn determine the distribution of vegetative and animal life on land and sea and have a great effect on the location and pattern of human societies.
9)The two key factors are human population and the scientific and technological development. The dramatic changes that have occurred in these two factors are a sudden and startling surge in human population and a sudden acceleration of the scientific and technological revolution.
10)The writer's solution to our ecological problems is to reinvent and finally heal the relationship between human beings and the earth by carrying out a careful reassessment of all the {actors that led to the relatively recent dramatic change in the relationship.

Ⅱ.
1)It was not at all possible to catch a large amount of fish.
2)Following the layers of ice in the core sample, his finger came to the place where the layer of ice was formed 2050 years ago.
3)keeps its engines running for fear that if he stops them, the metal parts would be frozen solid and the engines would not be able to start again
4)Bit by bit trees in the rain forest are felled and the land is cleared and turned into pasture where cattle can be raised quickly and slaughtered and the beef can be used in ham- burgers.
5)Since miles of forest are being destroyed and the habitat for these rare birds no longer exists, thousands of birds which we have not even had a chance to see will become extinct.
6)Thinking about how a series of events might happen as a consequence of the thinning of the polar cap is not just a kind of practice in conjecture (speculation), it has got practical Value.
7) We are using and destroying resources in such a huge amount that we are disturbing the balance between daylight and darkness.
8) Or have we been so accustomed to the bright electric lights that we fail to understand the threatening implication of these clouds.
9)To put forword the question in a different way
10)and greatly affect the living places and activities of human societies
ll)We seem unaware that the earth's natural systems are delicate.
12)And this continuing revolution has also suddenly developed at a speed that doubled and tripled the original speed.

Ⅲ. See the translation of the text.

IV.
1)transportation, imitation, destruction
2)encirclement, enrichment, enlightenment
3)postage, coinage, advantage
4)sharpness, boldness, smoothness
5)admission, concession, depression
6)productivity, sensitivity, desirability
7)posture, departure, indenture
8)independence, prudence, impudence
9)flagrancy, consistency, potency
10)analysis, metabasis, metamorphosis
ll)dictatorship, ownership, partnership
12)depth, length, birt

h

V.
1)technology 技术 2)ecology 生态学
3)hydrology 水文学 4)phrenology 颅像学
5)neurology 神经病学 6)pathology 病理学
7)physiology生理学 8)pharmacology药理学
9)gynaecology妇科学 lO)oceanology海洋学
11)lexicology词汇学 12)archaeology考古学
13)anthropology人类学 14)criminology犯罪学

Ⅵ．
1)anarchist无政府主义者
2)naturalist自然主义者
3)biologist生物学家
4)psychologist心理学家
5)satirist讽刺作家
6)encyclopaedist百科全书编纂者
7)geologist地质学家
8)sociologist社会学家
9)zoologist动物学家
lO)impressionist印象派艺术家
l1)environmentalist环境保护论者
12)terrorist恐怖主义分子

Ⅶ．
1)submarine潜水艇
2)submerge淹没，潜入水中
3)subantartic亚南极的
4)subsolar在太阳正下面的，赤道的
5)subhead小标题
6)subaquatic半水栖的
7)subdivide把……再分
8)suboxide低氧化物
9)subclass亚纲
lO) subclimax亚顶极群落
l1)subcommittee小组委员会
12)subconscious下意识的
13)subcontinent次大陆
14)subcontract转包合同
15)subculture亚文化群
16)subspecies亚种
17)subsoil 底土
18)sublethal ( 毒药的量等 ) 尚不致命的

Ⅷ.
inland sea, desert, core sample, glacier, atmosphere, carbon dioxide, polar ice cap, global warming, Amazon rain forest, species of birds, ecological balance, noctilucent cloud, methane gas, natural gas, landfills, coal mines, rice paddies, termites, biomass, upper atmosphere, elephants, greenhouse gases, water vapor, growing mountains of waste, acid rain, chlorine, human activities, heat-absorbing molecules, global climate equilibrium, winds, rainfall, surface temperatures, ocean currents, sea level, vegetative and animal life, etc.

IX.
　1)basic examples 2)unalterable 3)meeting 4)characterized strike against each other 5)set up 6)see, attack 7)at the same time 8)balance 9)increasing, existence 10)task ll)out-of-date

X.
　1)consequences 2)results 3)results 4)outcome 5)results, 6)outcome 7)causes 8)causes 9)reason 10)reason ll)relations 12)relationship 13) relations 14)relationship 15)complex 16)complex 17)complicated 18)complex 19)simple 20)simplistic

XI.
　1)with 2)of 3)on 4)of 5)in 6)in 7)against 8)than 9)of lO)as ll)as 12)with 13)of 14)of 15)for 16)of

XII.
relationship, environment, garbage, what, endless, allow, that, dumping, dispose, drown, having, old, mind, running, waste, it,

sight 11 recent, debates, disposal, ocean, elsewhere, confront, capacity, of, quantities, only, change, reduce, we, used, interdependent, chosen, unless, dramatically, thinking, humankind, inherit

XIII. Omitted.

XIV.
We Must Protect Our Ecological System
With the development of human civilization, man has created countless wonders, but at what a price! Our ecological sys-tem, on which all animals' existence depends, has been seriously damaged and is still being threatened. The earth's temperature is getting higher, more and more forests are being felled, large numbers of animals are facing extinction, and deserts are expanding at an incredible rate.
The causes for the worsening ecological system are manifold. Perhaps two of the major problems lie in people's pursuit of short-term interests with little attention to long-term interest sand their pursuit of individual interests rather than collective interests. In the first case, many lakes are filled to grow crops or even build houses; trees are cut down, only bare mountains stand cold in the wind and are capable of holding no water when it rains. In the second case, scenic spots become dirty and deserted because of newly established nearby factories producing waste water and air; industrial countries invest heavily in chemical factories in the Third World nations, keeping their own land relatively clean.
To solve the problems mentioned above, we should try our best to balance short-term interests with long-term ones by making long-term plans and taking as many things as possible into consideration. We're living today and are still to live tomorrow we and our posterity both have to live on the earth. Besides, Global action should be taken to protect our ecological system. People, eastern or western, rich or poor, should join their hands to prevent our ecological system from being further damaged. We have only one earth and we have to make it a better world.