主谓一致的三个原则

主谓一致的三个原则:

语法一致、就近一致、意义一致

(一）谓语动词为单数的情况

1.由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。

The worker and writer is from Wuhan.那个工人兼作家

cf: the worker and the writer are from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家

Bread and butter is a daily food in the West.

2．every… and (every)…,each …and (each… ,no …and (no)… ,many a …and (many a)…连接两个单数名词作主语。

Every desk and every chair is made of wood.

Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.

3．one/every one /each/either/ the number+of +复数名词作主语

no + 单数名词和由some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词都作单数看待。

Each of us has a new pen .

Everything around us is matter.

Each of the students has a book.

4．clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语。

Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area.

5．以s 结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语。以-ics结尾的学科名词，如“mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, 等，形式上为复数，实际为单数，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。

另外：复数名词用作书，电影、戏剧、报刊、国家等名称时，谓语动词用单数。

Maths physics Swiss United states

6．表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时

Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.

7．由any-,some-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所构成的不定代词作主语。Anybody,something 8．非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语

Collecting stamps is what he likes.

Whatever was left was taken away.

9. 单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。

（二）谓语动词为复数的情况

1．由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。

Both bread and butter are sold out.

2．people , police, cattle 等有生命的集体名词作主语。

The police are looking for the missing child.

3．goods, stairs, arms 等名词作主语。

4．由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾的专有名词作主语。

The Olympic Games are held once every four years.

5. a number of /quantities of /a group of +名词作主语

6.形容词加定冠词the 表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。

What a life the poor were living!

The young are happy to give their seats to the old

(三) 谓语动词单、复数视情况而定

1．集体名词class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public , government, majority, group等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个个成员用复数。一些集体名词做主语，如果看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果指其中的成员，谓语用复数．但people, police, cattle等只能用复数．

My family is a big family.

My family are listening to the radio.

The police are trying to catch the thief.

His family is a great one.

His family are music lovers.

2．means, works, pains等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。

The steel works is near the station.

Two new steel works are being built.

3．kind, sort , pair ，type +名词作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定。

4．all , none, some , any 等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。

A ll are present .

All the food tastes good.

.5．half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/ 分数、百分数+of +名词作主语

10.由“a lot of , (lots of, plenty of, the rest of ) +名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数＋名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。

Three-fourths of the surface is sea .

就近一致原则

由or , either …or, neither…nor, not only…but also以连词or, either…or , neither …nor, there be, not only…but also 连接的复合主语，其谓语与其相邻的那个名词的数保持一致。Eg. You or I am to be invited.

等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词单复数上保持一致。

Not only he but also I am invited.

Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the dress.

但注意with/along with /together with/including /but/except/like/among/as well as /no more than /besides/rather than +名词置于主语后，谓语和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。

1.As a result of destroying the forests, a large _____ of desert _____ covered the land.(上海２００１）

A.number; has

B. quantity; has

C. number; have

D. quantity; have

精析：a large number of 后面要接复数名词，所以A不能作为答案．因为desert是单数，所以要填has．这句话的意思是“毁坏森林的结果是，大片沙漠覆盖了陆地．”答案 B

2. ____ of the land in that district ____ covered with trees and grass.(上海2000)

A.Two fifth, is

B. Two fifth, are

C. Two fifths, is

D. Two fifths, are

精析: 分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词表示.如果分子大于1, 序数词后加-s. 分数和百分比作主语时,谓语动词的形式取决于分数和百分数后面的名词.句子中的主语land是单数,所以谓语动词要用is covered. 答案C.

3---- Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, ____ to go to university.

---- So do I.（全国1998）

A.hopes

B. hope

C. hoping

D. do hope