爱尔兰英语国家概况

Today, uncertainties in the north continue to color politics in the Irish Republic. However, attempts to end the violence have brought the governments of the Irish Republic and the United Kingdom closer. In July 2005 the IRA formally declared an end to its armed campaign against the British rule in Northern Ireland. In 2007, the Protestant and Catholic factions in Northern Ireland agreed to form a new government.
6.1 Geography
Area: 70,273 sq. km.; Capital: Dublin;
Geographical Features: It has been compared to a basin盆地 in which a central limestone plain rimmed by low, often rugged mountain ranges along the coasts. Climate: It has a temperate maritime climate with little seasonal or regional variation and excessive rainfall. Ireland’s vivid green landscapes have earned it the title Emerald Isle 绿宝石.
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Irish Harp is so closely associated with Irish identity that it serves as the nation's national emblem.
Political parties: Fianna Fail ([5 fi:EnE]共和党, Soldiers of Destiny, more radical and has been in power for almost 50 of its some 80 years in existence); Fine Gael (统一党, Irish Tribe, more conservative); both descended from Sinn Fé (新芬党 We in Ourselves); The Labor Party; The Progressive Democratic Party.
The Liffey River flows through Dublin.
The Shannon River (370 km long; Severn River: 338 km; Thames River: 336 km.) is the longest river in the British Isles. It consists of a chain of lakes, begins in the northwest and flows southwest before reaching the Atlantic Ocean through a wide, lengthy estuary 河口. It provides electric power for much of the country.
Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed in 1921, which ended the Irish War of Independence (1919-1921) and the Irish Free State was established with dominion status within the Commonwealth of Nations. The Republic of Ireland was founded in 1949, and separated from the British Commonwealth.
The Act of Union《联合法案》was passed in 1800, uniting Great Britain and Ireland as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. From 1845 to 1851, Irish Potato Famine causes about 1 million deaths and the emigration of about 1.5 million people. In 1916 (April 24-April 29), Easter Rebellion in Dublin broke out, in which Irish nationalist forces take control of the city before being forced to surrender by the British troops.
Relations with Other Countries: Ireland attaches special importance to its relations with the United States and Australia, where people of Irish descent are numerous. Ireland’s relations with its European neighbors have become increasingly important as a result of its membership in EU. However, unlike most western European states, Ireland is not a member of NATO. Ireland, which is not part of any military alliance, strives to maintain a neutral position in world affairs.
6.3 Government and Politics
President (direct suffrage for a Head of state term of 7 years; weakened in power in the past years) Head of Prime minister (has grown in government power) Legislature House of Representatives (Dail (Parliament, or [dCIl], more power Oireachtas compared with Senate), 166 [`eErEk members WEs]) Senate (Seanad), 60 members
6.4 People and Religion
Population: 4,156,119 (July 2008 est.) Population in Dublin: 495,781 The basic ethnic group is Celtic, with an admixture of Norse 挪威人, French, Norman and English. There are no significant ethnic minorities. Historically Ireland has been free of ethnic conflicts because of its racial homogeneity [7hCmEudVe5ni:iti]同种.
29 December 1937; amended 1999 (theoretically applicable to Constitution the whole of Ireland. Actually it consists of 26 of the 32 counties of Ireland.) Supreme Court (Irish law is Highest court based on English common law and its constitution.)
Irish National Flag, also known as the Irish tricolour. The green represents Roman Catholicism while the orange represents Protestantism. The white in the centre signifies a lasting peace between the 'Green' and the 'Orange'.
VI. The Republic of Ireland
In Chapter VI we are going to study 6.1 Geography 6.2 History 6.3 Government and Politics 6.4 People and Religion 6.5 Economy
England first invaded Ireland under Henry II (1133-1189, in power 1154-1189) in 1171. But the English did not have full control until the 17th century.
French National Flag, also known as the French tricolour, The Tricolour was used during the French Revolution and has since become a symbol of liberty around the world. Other nations have also adopted the design, usually associated with Freedom 自由, Equality 平等 and Fraternity (Brotherhood) 博爱.
For more than a century after the Great Potato Famine of the 1840s, Ireland’s population steadily declined, despite the nation’s relatively high birth rate. This continuous decline resulted from mass emigration, initially to escape the famine and later to seek employment and better lives, mainly in the United States and in the industrialized cities of the United Kingdom.
The Celtic tribes arrived in the island about the 6th century BC. In the 9th century the Viking 北欧海盗 invasions began. They were driven away in about 1014.
6.2 HistorHale Waihona Puke Baidu England first invaded Ireland in 1171 The Act of Union《联合法案》was passed in 1800 Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed in 1921 The Republic of Ireland was founded in 1949